Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01C—RESISTORS
  • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
  • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
  • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01C—RESISTORS
  • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
  • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
  • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
  • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
  • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage

Definitions

• the invention relates to an overvoltage protection device having a housing, with two terminals for the electrical connection of the overvoltage protection device to the current path to be protected and at least one arranged inside the housing arrester, in particular a varistor, wherein in the normal state of the overvoltage protection device, the first terminal electrically conductive with the first Connection region of the Abieiters and the second connection is connected via at least one component to the second connection region of the Abieiters.
• Overvoltages are all voltages that are above the upper tolerance limit of the rated voltage. These include above all the transient overvoltages that can occur due to atmospheric discharges, but also through switching operations or short circuits in power supply networks and can be galvanically, inductively or capacitively coupled into electrical circuits. In order to protect electrical or electronic circuits wherever they are used against transient overvoltages, overvoltage protection devices have been developed and have been known for decades.
• overvoltage protection devices with a varistor as arresters nowadays often have a thermal disconnecting device, by means of which a varistor which is no longer functioning properly is electrically disconnected from the current path to be monitored.
• the monitoring of the state of the varistor is carried out according to the principle of a tempera ture switch, wherein when overheating of the varistor - for example, due to leakage currents - a provided between the varistor and a release agent solder connection is separated, resulting in an electrical isolation of the varistor.
• Such a surge protection devices is known for example from DE 695 03 743 T2.
• the thermal separation device is additionally connected to an optical status display, so that the state of the overvoltage protection element can be read directly on the spot using the optical status display.
• this overvoltage protection device has a first slider arranged in the housing, which is actuated by separating tongues which form the separating means, thereby cooperating with a second slider, which is displaceable relative to a viewing window in dependence on the position of the first slider ,
• a varistor disk wafer
• a metal housing which is clamped by means of a piston-shaped electrode against the bottom of the cup-shaped housing.
• the housing is closed with a lid which is either screwed into the pot-shaped housing or by a spring ring or a clip which engages in a groove in the side wall of the housing, is attached.
• an opening is provided in the lid, through which the shaft of the electrode is led out of the housing for electrical connection of the electrode.
• the second connection for electrical connection of the overvoltage protection device to the current or signal paths to be protected is formed on the housing.
• an insulating ring is provided, which is arranged within the housing and also has an opening for the shaft of the electrode.
• a surge protection devices which also has a two housing halves existing metal housing, wherein in the housing preferably two mutually parallel varistors and a arranged between the varistors center electrode are arranged. By means disposed in the housing thermal separation device, the two varistors can be pushed away from the center electrode, whereby the varistors are separated from the current path.
• thermal cut-off devices which are frequently used in the known overvoltage protection devices and are based on the melting of a solder joint, have the disadvantage that they have a relatively sluggish response behavior, which can lead to rapidly increasing fault currents due to damage of the overvoltage protection device over this flow, not fast enough to lead to a separation of the solder joint.
• varistors undergo a reduction of the insulating properties at the end of their life due to aging and frequent impulse loading, whereby the power dissipation in the varistor is converted, which leads to a heating of the varistor.
• the temperature of a varistor can rise so much that a fire hazard.
• at least one temperature-dependent short-circuit switch is additionally provided in the known overvoltage protection device, being short-circuited by the one or more shorting switches of the varistor or the varistors.
• the known overvoltage protection device thus has a large number of components, in particular two parallel-connected varistors being required to achieve the described advantages.
• the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide an initially described overvoltage protection element that is both robust and durable designed to be as simple and inexpensive to build and mount.
• a fuse element made of metallic material is arranged inside the housing, wherein the fuse element has two contact areas and a contact area connecting the connecting areas.
• the first contact region of the fuse element is electrically conductively connected to the second connection region of the Abieiters and the second contact region of the fuse element in the normal state of the overvoltage protection device electrically conductively connected to the component. In the normal state, an electrically conductive connection thus takes place via the securing element between the first conductor and the component.
• connection region of the protection element is designed as a fuse in the inventive overvoltage protection device by a targeted material reduction.
• the material reduction takes place in such a way that short pulse currents, which result from overvoltages which are to be derived from the overvoltage protection device, can be transmitted via the connection region.
• power-frequency short-circuit currents which, in the event of a fault, overflow the overvoltage protection device and thus also over the connection area lead to overloading of the connection area, so that the connection area melts and is thus destroyed.
• the securing element is cylindrical, wherein the two contact regions extend substantially perpendicular to the connection region.
• the material reduction of the connection region described above is preferably realized in that the connection region has a lattice structure, the individual lattice struts of the connection region serving as current paths and having a correspondingly small cross section to ensure the desired function as a fuse.
• the formation of the link With a lattice structure, it is possible to adapt the cross section of the individual lattice struts by appropriate dimensioning of the cross section to the respective requirements of the monitored and protected current path.
• the fuse element is cylindrical, it is very low inductance, whereby a low level of protection for the surge protective device can be achieved.
• the cylindrical design of the fuse element also has the advantage that occur through a derived pulse current or short-circuit current, the mechanical construction of the fuse element and the over-voltage protection device on the whole affecting or damaging resulting dynamic current forces.
• a metal body is provided as the component, via which the second terminal is electrically conductively connected to the second contact area of the fuse element in the normal state of the overvoltage protection device.
• the metal body is preferably formed as a substantially cylindrical hollow body.
• a second arrester is used as the component, in particular a gas-filled surge arrester, which is connected in series with the first arrester.
• the first connection region of the second surge arrester is electrically conductively connected to the second connection and the second connection region of the second drainage element is electrically conductively connected to the second contact region of the protection element.
• a series circuit of the two Abieitern and the fuse element arranged therebetween is arranged in the normal state of the overvoltage protection device.
• connection region as well as the arrangement and configuration of the fuse element provide an overvoltage protection device which is also suitable for high nominal voltages of up to 1000 V or more and which is designed without a power supply.
• the overvoltage protection device according to the invention can also be used for high rated voltages, it preferably has a first arrester High performance varistor in disc shape.
• the second Abieiter can preferably be formed by a gas-filled Kochwoodsabieiter.
• the arrangement of the second Abieiters between the one terminal of the overvoltage protection device and the varistor as a first Abieiter has the advantage that initially the characteristic ignition voltage of the second Abieiters must be exceeded before an overvoltage applied to the varistor.
• the varistor is loaded only in the case of relevant overvoltages endangering the system or the current path to be protected, while smaller voltage peaks, which are below the starting voltage of the second conductor, do not result in loading of the varistor.
• the designed as a varistor first Abieiter serves to clear a Netz Steinstrom after the gas-filled Gönapssabieiter has ignited.
• a second absorber is used as the component, without the invention being restricted thereto, ie, a metal body can basically also be used as the component.
• the first conductor or its second connection region can be contacted directly by the fuse element or its first contact region.
• a particular disc-shaped contact element is provided, the first contact surface with the second connection region of the first Abieiters and the second contact surface with the first contact region of the fuse element is in electrically conductive contact.
• the second Abieiter preferably over the entire surface contacting plate-shaped contact element is thus arranged between the first Abieiter and the securing element.
• the second Abieiter or the component is preferably electrically conductively connected via a contact element with the fuse element.
• the contact element is in electrically conductive contact both with the second connection region of the second conductor or the component and with the second contact region of the fuse element. If the component is a metal body, then the contact element may preferably be formed integrally with the metal body.
• the first Abieiter could with his second terminal region fixed, for example by means of soldering or welding, with the first contact area of the Si cherungselements or be connected to the corresponding contact surface of a contact element.
• the contacting of the first Abieiters but preferably by means of a housing disposed in the spring element.
• the first contact region of the securing element is pressed by the spring force of the spring element against the second connection region of the first Abieiters. If a contact element is arranged between the first conductor and the securing element, then the first contact region of the securing element is pressed by the spring element against the second contact surface of the contact element resting on the first conductor.
• an insulating member is provided, on which rests the contact element.
• the insulating element is preferably made of a very elastic material, such as foamed polyurethane or silicone foam, so that the insulating member also acts as a seal.
• a very elastic material such as foamed polyurethane or silicone foam
• the overvoltage protection device when a varistor is used as the first conductor, the overvoltage protection device preferably also has a mechanical disconnection device activated in the event of thermal overload.
• the mechanical severing device has a soldering point and a spring element, wherein the soldering point is arranged such that the first connection region of the second Abieiters is held against the spring force of the spring element acting on it in a contact position with the second terminal, as long as the soldering not melts.
• the soldering point is arranged such that it can be heated with both the first Abieiter and the second Abieiter in heat. conductive connection, so that both an impermissible heating of the first Abieiters as well as an inadmissible heating of the second Abieiters leads to a corresponding heating of the soldering point to its melting temperature.
• the soldering point is preferably formed between the second contact region of the securing element and the second conductor or the contact element assigned to the second conductor.
• the overvoltage protection device can be integrated as simply as possible directly into the busbar system, according to a preferred embodiment of the inventive overvoltage protection device, the first terminal of the overvoltage protection device formed by mounting portions formed on the housing, via which the housing is connectable to a support plate as a busbar.
• the fastening sections are preferably designed as fastening flanges, which are arranged evenly distributed on the underside of the housing, wherein the fastening sections project radially beyond the housing as well as beyond the underside of the housing.
• the housing is preferably formed in two parts, wherein the first housing part is pot-shaped and has a Abieiter receiving cavity. For electrical connection of the first Abieiters with the mounting portions of the housing, it is sufficient if the first Abieiter rests with its first connection region on the housing bottom.
• the second housing part is preferably designed as a housing cover which faces the first housing. is isolated and is connected to the second terminal of the surge protective device.
• the second connection can have a connection bolt to which a second bus bar can be connected in a simple manner by means of a screw.
• the housing cover with the integrated connecting bolt is preferably produced by the fact that in the manufacturing process of the housing cover, the connecting bolt is molded directly with plastic.
• the overvoltage protection device has an optical state indicator and preferably additionally also a telecommunication device for remote signaling of the state of the overvoltage protection device.
• the optical status display and the telecommunication device are preferably arranged on the housing cover or integrated in the housing cover.
• this has a fixedly arranged first part and a displaceably arranged second part, wherein the second part is moved by the spring force of a spring element from a first position to a second position when in thermal overload case, the electrical connection between the second terminal and the second Abieiter or the metal body is separated.
• the spring element of the mechanical separating device preferably serves as the spring element, so that no additional spring element is required for actuating the optical status indicator.
• a corresponding viewing window is arranged in the housing.
• the second part of the optical status display In the first position of the second part of the optical status display, in which the Abieiter is not separated, ie in the normal state of the surge protective device, the second part is arranged below the viewing window.
• the displaceable second part of the optical status display has been pushed so far into the interior of the housing that the first part of the optical status display can be recognized through the viewing window.
• this has a telecommunications switch and a displaceably arranged, spring-loaded plunger, wherein the plunger actuates the remote switch when the electrical connection between the second port and the second Abieiter is disconnected in the thermal overload case.
• the plunger actuates the remote switch when the electrical connection between the second port and the second Abieiter is disconnected in the thermal overload case.
• one end of the plunger is in contact with the displaceably arranged second part of the optical status display, so that a displacement of the second part of the optical status display from its first position to its second position also causes a displacement of the plunger and thus an actuation of the telecommunication contact.
• a component in the housing 2 is arranged between the two terminals 3, 4, in series with the varistor 5, wherein in the second embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7 to a metal body 7 and in the embodiment according to the game Fig. 1 to 4 is a gas-filled surge arrester 8.
• the first terminal 3 is electrically conductively connected to the first terminal region 6 of the varistor 5 and the second terminal 4 is connected to the second terminal region 9 of the varistor 5 via the gas-filled surge arrester 8.
• the first terminal 3 is electrically conductively connected to the first terminal area 6 of the varistor 5 and the second terminal 4 is electrically conductively connected to the second terminal area 9 of the varistor 5 via the metal body 7.
• the arrangement of the gas-filled surge arrester 8 as an additional arrester in addition to the intended as "actual" arrester for overvoltages Varistor 5, has the advantage that initially the characteristic ignition voltage of the gas-filled Matternapsabieiters 8 must be exceeded before an overvoltage applied to the varistor 5.
• the varistor 5 is loaded only in the case of relevant overvoltages which endanger the system to be protected or the current path to be protected. Smaller voltage peaks, which are below the ignition voltage of the gas-filled surge arrester 8, do not lead to a load on the varistor 5, which leads to a slower aging and damage to the varistor 5.
• the electrical connection between the first arrester 5 and the second arrester 8 takes place in the inventive overvoltage protection device 1 by a specially designed securing element 10, which is shown in detail in Fig. 5.
• the securing element 10, which consists of a metallic material, but the material does not have to have a particularly high conductivity, has two contact areas 11, 12 and a connection connecting the contact areas 11, 12 to one another. binding area 13.
• the first contact region 11 of the fuse element 10 is electrically conductively connected to the second connection region 9 of the varistor 5.
• the second connection 4 to the first connection region 14 of the gas-filled surge arrester 6 and the second connection region 15 of the gas-filled surge arrester 6 to the second contact region 12 of the fuse element 10 are electrically is conductively connected.
• connection region 13 has a lattice structure, wherein the individual lattice struts 16 of the connection region 13 serve as current paths for a current flowing via the overvoltage protection device 1. Because the connection region 13 has a lattice structure, wherein the individual lattice struts 16 have only a small cross-section, the material of the connection region 13 available for current transmission is greatly reduced, so that the connection region 13 acts as a fuse.
• the arrangement of the lattice struts 16 and their cross section is chosen so that short pulse or surge currents resulting from overvoltages, which are to be derived from the overvoltage protection device 1, via the connection region 13 and thus also via the fuse element 10 can be transmitted.
• the overvoltage protection device 1 in particular the varistor 5 or the gas-filled Gönapsabieiters 8 a netfrequent short-circuit current flows through the fuse element 10, this leads to the fact that serving as current paths grid struts 16 are overloaded by the flowing short-circuit current and Therefore melt within a short time, so that the electrical connection and thus the short-circuit current is interrupted. Any electric arcs that may occur can be extinguished by suitable extinguishing agents, for example by sand, arranged in the interior of the housing 2, whereby the intentional interruption of the short-circuit current is supported.
• the securing element 10 or its contact areas 11, 12 are not directly connected to the two Abieitern 5, 8.
• On the second connection region 9 of the varistor 5 is a disk-shaped contact element 17, which rests in its edge region on an insulating element 18, whereby the contact element 17 is isolated from the housing 2 in order to avoid a short circuit of the varistor 5.
• the annular insulating element 18 is made of a very elastic material, in particular a foamed material, for example polyurethane foam or silicone foam, so that the insulating element 18 also acts as a seal.
• the insulating member 18 seals the Varistorhunt formed by the housing 2 and the contact element 17 against atmospheric influences, such as humidity from.
• a contact element 19 is provided, which is firmly connected to the second connection region 15 of the gas-filled Studentsnapssabieiters 8, in particular soldered or welded.
• the contact element 17 assigned to the varistor 5 is thus electrically conductively connected via the securing element 10 to the contact element 19 assigned to the gas-filled surge arrester 8.
• a spring element 20 is provided, through which the first contact region 11 of the securing element 10 against the contact area 11 opposite contact surface of the contact element 17th and thus also the contact element 17 is pressed against the varistor 5.
• the winding of the spring element 20 resting on the contact region 11 is flattened. Any thickness tolerances of the varistor 5 used can be compensated within certain limits by the elasticity of the insulating element 18 and by the spring element 20 in the illustrated construction of the overvoltage protection device 1, without the spring force with which the contact region 11 of the fuse element 10 against the Contact element 17 is pressed, noticeably changes.
• a mechanical disconnecting device is still provided in the overvoltage protection device 1, which triggers in the thermal overload case and interrupts a current flow through the overvoltage protection device 1.
• the mechanical separating device has a soldering point 21 as a thermally sensitive element and a spring element 22, wherein the gas-filled surge arrester 8 by the spring element 22 with a spring force is applied, which is directed away from the second terminal 4.
• the first connection region 14 of the gas-filled surge arrester 8 remains in the contact position with the second connection 4 as long as the soldering point 21 is not heated above its melting temperature.
• the soldering point 21 is formed between the second contact region 12 of the securing element 10 and the contact element 19 fastened to the gas-filled surge arrester 8.
• the soldering point 21 is in heat-conducting connection via the securing element 10 and the contact element 17 both with the varistor 5 and via the contact element 19 with the gas-filled surge arrester 8.
• An impermissible heating of both the varistor 5 and the gas-filled surge arrester 8 thereby leads to a heating of the soldering point 21, so that the soldering point 21 melts upon reaching its melting temperature and thus can no longer apply the counterforce to the spring force of the spring element 22. This then leads - as shown in FIGS.
• a metal body 7 is arranged inside the housing 2 instead of the second surge arrester, wherein in the normal state of the overvoltage protection device 1 the second terminal 4 is electrically conductively connected to the second contact region 12 via the metal body 7 the fuse element 10 is connected.
• the metal body 7 is formed as a cylindrical hollow body, wherein on the side remote from the second terminal 4, a contact element 19 and a contact portion is formed, which is integrally formed with the metal body 7.
• the contact element 19 is in the normal state of the overvoltage protection device 1 with the second contact region 12 of the fuse element 10 via the Lotstelle 21 in electrically conductive contact. If the soldering point 21 heats up, so that the soldering point 21 melts and can no longer apply the counterforce to the spring force of the spring element 22, this leads in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7 to the metal body 7 by the spring force of the spring element ment 22 is pressed into the housing interior, so that the metal body 7 no longer contacts the second terminal 4 of the overvoltage protection device 1 (see Fig. 7). The current path between the two terminals 3, 4 is then also interrupted.
• the housing 2 is very robust, which is achieved in particular by the fact that the housing 2 is cylindrical and made of metal.
• the overvoltage protection device 1 by the formation of the housing 2 is particularly simple, especially without additional connecting lines, integrated into the current path to be monitored.
• the Abieiter 5 lies with its first connection portion 6 over the entire surface on the housing bottom.
• the housing 2 on three mounting portions 23 which form the first terminal 3 of the overvoltage protection device 1 and via which the housing 2 with a support plate 24 is connected as a busbar.
• the flange sections designed as fastening portions 23 are arranged at an angle of 120 ° to each other and each have a hole, so that the housing 2 can be mounted with corresponding fastening screws 25 on the support plate 24. Since the fastening sections 23 project beyond the underside 26 of the housing 2, there is no full-surface contact between the housing underside 26 and the support plate 24, so that hardly any heat is dissipated from the housing 2 into the support plate 24.
• the housing 2 is formed in two parts, wherein the first housing part 27 is cup-shaped, in particular the varistor 5 and the metal body 7 or the gas-filled surge 8 and the fuse element 10 and the contact elements 17, 19th are arranged in the cavity of the housing part 27.
• the second housing part is designed as a housing cover 28 which is insulated from the first housing part 27.
• the housing cover 28 has a connecting bolt 29 as a second terminal 4 of the overvoltage protection device 1, wherein the connecting bolt 29 can be encapsulated directly in the manufacturing process with plastic, so that a subsequent mounting of the connecting bolt 29 is omitted on the housing cover 28.
• a second busbar 30 can be fastened to the housing 2 in a simple manner by means of a screw 31, so that the surge protective device 1 is connected to the busbars 24, 30 without additional connection lines can be connected and thus integrated into a monitored busbar system.
• an elastic support element 32 is arranged inside the securing element 10.
• the support element 32 is thereby surrounded by the connection region 13 and is supported on the one hand on the second contact region 12 of the securing element 10 and on the other hand on the second contact surface of the contact element 17.
• a desired spring effect of the support element 32 can be achieved by an appropriate choice of material o for example by a honeycomb structure of the support member 32, wherein the support member 32 must be stiffer than the connecting portion 13 of the securing element 10.
• the housing 2 of the overvoltage protection device 1 still has an optical status display, which consists of a fixedly arranged first part 33 and a second part 34 arranged to be displaceable.
• the housing cover 28 still has a viewing window 35 through which, depending on the state of the overvoltage protection device 1, either the first, red part 33 or the second, green part 34 of the optical status display is visible.
• the spring force of the spring element 22 is utilized to shift the second part 34 from its first position (FIGS. 1, 3 and 6) to its second position (FIGS. 2, 4 and 7).
• the overvoltage protection device 1 also has a remote signaling device for remote signaling of the state of the overvoltage protection device 1.
• the telecommunications device is arranged on the housing cover 28 as a whole and has a telecommunications switch 36, a displaceably arranged plunger 37 and a spring 37 acting on the plunger 37 with a spring force.
• the telecommunication switch 36 In the normal state of the overvoltage protection device 1 (FIGS. 1, 3 and 6), the telecommunication switch 36 is not actuated, since the actuation section of the plunger 37 has a slight distance from the telecommunication switch 36 or its actuator.
• the plunger 37 is thereby held against the spring force of the spring 39 in this first position, that the end 38 of the plunger 37 is supported on the second part 34 of the optical status indicator.
• the plunger 37 is also displaced by the spring 39 to its second position, in which the plunger 37 actuates the telecommunications switch 36.
• the spring-loaded plunger 37 thus detects the position of the movable second part 34 of the optical status display, so that a change in the optical status display via the telecommunication device due to the activation of the thermally activated mechanical disconnection device can also be displayed at a remote location, for example a control room.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Fuses (AREA)
• Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
• Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-03-12 DE DE201210004678 patent/DE102012004678A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2013
  • 2013-03-12 EP EP13725565.9A patent/EP2826044B1/de active Active
  • 2013-03-12 CN CN201380013817.6A patent/CN104160460B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-03-12 US US14/384,420 patent/US9754707B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-03-12 WO PCT/EP2013/000720 patent/WO2013135369A1/de active Application Filing

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