Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
  • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
  • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/02—Details
  • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
  • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for connecting a DC voltage section by means of a DC voltage ⁇ switch.
• WO 2011/141055 discloses a DC voltage switch which can be serially connected in one pole of a high voltage direct current network.
• the DC voltage switch consists of a mechanical switch in series with a power semiconductor switch to which an opposite freewheeling diode is connected in parallel again.
• Parallel to the series circuit of power semiconductor switch and mechanical switch a series circuit of coil and capacitor, ie an LC branch and a Abieiter, connected, which limits the voltage drop across the LC branch voltage.
• the power semi-conductor switches ⁇ a Abieiter is connected in parallel. After opening the mechanical switch of hoschlei ⁇ terschalter is switched with the natural frequency of the LC branch and off.
• a series scarf ⁇ tion of power semiconductor switches is arranged, each of which a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel in opposite directions.
• the best of existing power semiconductor switch and freewheeling ⁇ switching units are arranged antiserially, the turn-off power semiconductor switches are arranged in series and for each power semiconductor switch, a corresponding power semiconductor switch is provided with opposite passage direction. In this way, the current can be interrupted in both directions in the turn-off current path.
• an electronic auxiliary switch is arranged in series with the mechanical switch in addition to the mechanical switch.
• the current flows via the operating current path and thus via the electronic auxiliary switch and via the closed mechanical switch, since the power semiconductor switches of the switch-off current path represent an increased resistance to the direct current.
• a short-circuit current of the electronic auxiliary switch is transferred to its disconnected position.
• the fast mechanical isolator ⁇ switch can therefore be opened normally.
• the short circuit current conducted via the switch-off current path can be interrupted by the power semiconductor switches.
• each connected pa rallel ⁇ the power semiconductor switches of the Abschaltstrompfades For receiving the data stored in the direct voltage network and degraded during switching energy are provided Abieiter, each connected pa rallel ⁇ the power semiconductor switches of the Abschaltstrompfades. If a faulty DC voltage section with means of one of the previously known DC voltage switch a high DC voltage switched, it can come as a result of the then occurring extremely high inrush currents to unwanted damage to the components in the faulty DC voltage section.
• the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method, an error in the network portion, such as a short circuit can with the already as you switch a network ⁇ portion can be detected so that countermeasures can be initiated early.
• the invention solves this problem by a method for connecting a DC power supply section by means of a DC switch having two terminals, which has an operating current path with a mechanical switch and a Abschaltstrompfad bridging the mechanical switch, in which at least one on and off ⁇ ble power semiconductor switch is arranged the turn-off a large electric resistance has, as the bridged he portion of the operation ⁇ current path, wherein the mechanical switch is open and a current flow in the turn-off current is blocked by suitable an ⁇ control or the power semiconductor switches, then the first connecting terminal with a pole a DC voltage source and the second terminal are connected to a pole of the DC power supply section, finally the DC power supply section by controlling the beaugurle iterschalter controlled voltage is applied to the mechanical switch, and is closed at ⁇ closing.
• the direct voltage network section by using a DC voltage switch controlled fed scarf ⁇ tet having a turn-off with one and the turn-off power semiconductor switches, whereas a mechanical switch is arranged in the operating current path.
• a DC voltage switch controlled fed scarf ⁇ tet having a turn-off with one and the turn-off power semiconductor switches
• a mechanical switch is arranged in the operating current path.
• the DC ⁇ switch allows to convert the mechanical switch before connecting the power portion to its release position and avoid a hard switching, so a switching by closing the mechanical switch.
• the current when switching on the Abschaltstrompfad and thus on the switched on and off power Lei ⁇ tion semiconductor switch can now be controlled so that the current or voltage is gradually increased, for example, ramp-shaped.
• the design of the mechanical switch is fundamentally arbitrary within the scope of the invention. But it is important that the mechanical switch can take the required voltage on ⁇ . In addition, the mechanical switch should as quickly as possible, as for example within a time window of 5 ms ⁇ from the error message, open.
• the DC voltage switch according to the invention connected in series in egg ⁇ NEN pole of the direct voltage network, wherein a ers ⁇ te terminal of the DC switch is connected to one pole of the DC voltage source and the other to ⁇ connecting terminal of the DC voltage switch with a pole of the direct voltage network portion. During normal operation of the DC voltage ⁇ switch , its terminals have approximately the same potential. The case of a short circuit in the earth
• the configuration of the Abschaltstrompfades, in particular the interconnection and arrangement of the power semiconductor switches, in the invention is basically arbitrary.
• the power semiconductor switches can form a series circuit of power semiconductor switches which can be switched on and off, with each power semiconductor switch having an opposite freewheeling diode connected in parallel with it.
• each power semiconductor switch it is expedient for each power semiconductor switch to connect a drain for energy consumption in parallel.
• the power semiconductor switches may be arranged antiseries, with the on-state of some power semiconductor switches being opposite to that of other of the series-connected power semiconductor switches. In this way, two groups of power semiconductor switches are formed, wherein the one group for switching off the
• the Abschaltstrompfad also submodules with energy storage, such as capacitors ⁇ have. This embodiment of the Absehaltstrom- path will be discussed in more detail later.
• the turn-off current path is expediently connected to the ground potential after the connection of the DC voltage source and before the controlled connection of the DC voltage section by means of a charging branch, which expediently has an ohmic resistance.
• a current through the power semiconductor switches of the Abschaltstrompfads to earth drains which is determined by the design of the ohmic resistance.
• a voltage drop is generated at the power semiconductor switches. This voltage drop for example, allows Ener ⁇ giemers the electronics of the power semiconductor switches.
• the charging branch is connectable via a switch with the Abschaltstrompfad.
• the switch is for example an electronic switch.
• cost-effective mechanical switches are preferably used, but their use is only possible due to the ohmic resistance.
• the DC ⁇ voltage switch in series in the positive pole of a two pole direct-voltage network connected in series is the ex ⁇ switching current path connected in accordance with this expedient further development of the invention, to the negative pole.
• this connection is made for example by means of a mechanical scarf ters
• the terminal. with positive pole and the Ab ⁇ switching current path via the charging branch to the negative pole ver inhibited falls to the turn-off power semiconductor scarf ⁇ tern a voltage from which drives a charging current.
• Ener gie Boulevard arranged in the turn-off they can be load ge. it is essential that prior to the connection of the direct voltage network portion of the turn-off be is capable of operation in the sense that the Gleichthesesnetzabschnit controlled by the functional power semiconductor switch can be switched with optionally charged energy storage or capacitors.
• a series arrangement of two-pole submodules is arranged in the Abschaltstrompfad, each having an energy storage and a power semiconductor circuit in parallel to the energy storage, which is connected to the two submodan terminal modules of the submodule, that ent ⁇ speaking control the power semiconductor switch of the power semiconductor circuit either the voltage dropping on the energy storage or a zero voltage at the submodule connection terminals can be generated.
• Abschaltstrompfads are already known from the converter ⁇ technology.
• Inverter with such topologies will strategy as "modular multi-level inverter" (MMC), respectively.
• MMC module multi-level inverter Due to the series connection of the submodules is mög ⁇ Lich, stepwise to generate a voltage in the turn-off current, the height of the steps by which the energy storage declining voltage is determined.
• the submodules can be designed as a half-bridge circuit or else as a full-bridge circuit.
• the respective energy storage of the submodule is a series circuit of two switched on and off power semiconductor switches connected in parallel opposing freewheeling diodes in parallel, wherein a first Submo- dulan gleichklemme with the potential point between the Lei ⁇ tion semiconductor switches and a second Submodulan gleich- terminal with a pole of the Energy storage is connected.
• the energy store is expediently a capacitor.
• Parallel connection of power semiconductor switches and freewheeling diodes conducting hoschlei ⁇ terschalter can also be used in reverse. It is also possible to use two series circuits of power semiconductor switches in the series circuit instead of the two individual power semiconductor switches.
• the power semiconductors of a series circuit are then controlled synchronously.
• a series circuit of simultaneously or synchronously controlled power semiconductor switches then acts as a single power semiconductor switch. Of course, then larger voltages can be switched. This also applies in principle to the full bridge circuit described below.
• the submodules Varisto ⁇ ren or Abieiter have.
• the Abieiter or varistors for example, each connected in parallel to an energy store.
• ohmic resistors may also be installed in the submodule. The Abieiter take on a degraded during switching, stored in the DC network energy.
• both full-bridge and half-bridge circuits are formed in the turn-off current path.
• the ex ⁇ switching current path more differently structured sub-modules also may have.
• Kommut istsmit ⁇ tel may be provided in the Abschaltpfad, which serve in the operating current path to induce or impress a counter tension.
• Such commutator means are, for example serially angeord ⁇ designated half-bridge circuits or full bridge circuits arranged in series. The commutation means require no varistors or Abieiter.
• Figure 1 shows a possible DC voltage switch for
• FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary DC voltage switch for carrying out the method according to the invention
• FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary DC voltage switch for carrying out the method according to the invention
• FIG. 7 shows a modification of the DC voltage switch according to FIG. 6,
• FIG. 1 shows an example of a first DC voltage switch 1 with which the method according to the invention can be carried out.
• the DC voltage switch 1 has a first connection terminal 2 and a second connection terminal 3, between which an operating current path 4 extends.
• an inductance 5 for limiting a current flow In the operating current path 4, an inductance 5 for limiting a current flow, a mechanical switch 6, a comparatively fast mechanical switch 7 and an electronic commutation switch 8 are arranged.
• the electronic commutation switch 8 has a series connection of power semiconductor switches 10 which can be switched on and off. In this case, each freewheeling diode 11 is connected in parallel with each power semiconductor switch 10 in opposite directions.
• the DC voltage switch 1 further has a Abschaltstrompfad 9, which bridges the mechanical switch 7 and the electronic Kommut réellesschalter 8 and in which also switched on and off power semiconductor switch 10 are arranged.
• Each incoming and disconnectable power ⁇ semiconductor switch 10, a freewheeling diode 11 is connected in parallel in opposite directions again.
• the two first power semiconductor switches which can be switched on and off for example IGBTs, IGCTs or the like, have the same forward direction. This applies correspondingly to the associated freewheeling diodes 11.
• the subsequent power semiconductor switches 10, however, are oriented opposite thereto. Thus flows a current from the terminal 2 to the terminal 3, this can only be interrupted by the first two power semiconductor switches 10.
• the power semiconductor switches 10 are arranged antiserially. They form two groups, wherein the transmission directions of the power semiconductor switch a Group are the same orientation, the forward directions of the power semiconductor switch of a group, however, is opposite to the forward directions of the power semiconductor switch 10 of the other group aligned. In this way the switching of direct currents in both directions is possible.
• a power semiconductor switch 10 is connected in parallel with a drain 12.
• the switch-off current path 9 has a modular design and forms two-pole modules 13, which are connected in series. For reasons of clarity, only two modules 13 can be seen in FIG. However, their number depends on the height of the respective voltage.
• the network section to be connected is first connected to the connection terminal 3.
• the fast mecha ⁇ African switch 7 is open and the previously ready ge ⁇ went on and turn-off power semiconductor switches 10 are in their disconnected position.
• the switch 6 is closed.
• the on and turn-off power semiconductor switches such as by pulse width modulation
• the output side provided at terminal 3 and thus the attached Schlos ⁇ Senen DC power section voltage is slow, for example, ramped up.
• the mechanical switch 7 is closed.
• the switched on and off power semiconductor switches are converted into their conductive state.
• the DC voltage switch 1 is now ready for operation.
• the DC voltage section is switched on. Of the DC voltage switch is arranged in series in one pole of a DC voltage network.
• FIG. 1 Another DC voltage switch 1 is shown in FIG.
• the DC voltage switch shown in Figure 2 in turn has an operating current path 4 and a Abschaltstrompfad 9, wherein in the operating current path 4, a mechanical switch 7 is arranged, which is bridged by the Abschaltstrompfad 9.
• Abschaltstrompfad 9 a power switching unit 14 and commutation 15 are arranged in series ⁇ .
• a charge branch 16 is provided, which has a mechanical switch 17 and an ohmic resistor 18 and connects the switch-off current path 9 with a ground potential when the switch 17 is closed.
• the power switching unit 14 and the commutation means 15 each have a series connection of two-pole Submo- modules 19.
• the number of submodules 19 in the power switching unit 14 is ⁇ depend on the voltage to be switched dependent.
• the number of submodules 19 in the commutation means determines the maximum countervoltage that can be generated.
• sub-modules 19 for the DC ⁇ switch according to Figure 2 are shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5 ones shown, provides.
• a Submo- dul 19 by an on and turn-off power semiconductor switches, wherein a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel in opposite directions ge ⁇ .
• Each power semiconductor switch 10 is a Abieiter 12 connected in parallel.
• Submodules 19 according to figure 3, however, are not eligible for the commutator 15 in Be ⁇ tracht, since these can not produce counter voltage. This, however, sub-modules 19 are each an energy ⁇ memory 20 in the form of a capacitor.
• the capacitor or energy storage 20 is connected in parallel with a series module 21 of two power semiconductor switches 10 with oppositely parallel freewheeling diodes 11 in a submodule according to FIG.
• a first submodule connection terminal 22 is connected to the potential point between the power semiconductor switches 10 the series circuit 21 connected.
• the other submodule connection terminal 23 is connected to one pole of the unipolar capacitor 20.
• each submodule 19 is bridged by a fast mechanical or electronic switch 24th Further, a diode 25 between the terminals 22 and 23 serves to carry high short-circuit currents.
• the sub-module 19 may be part of the power switching unit 14, it is expedient ⁇ SSIG to switch a Abieiter parallel capacitor 20th
• Such Abieiter 12 is not required for the submodules 19 of the commutation 15. They serve only to generate a reverse voltage in the operating current path 4 and thus to generate a current zero crossing in the mechanical switch. 7
• Half bridges according to FIG. 4 can interrupt the current flow in only one direction.
• a current flow from the second submodule connection terminal 23 shown in FIG. 4 to the first submode connection terminal 22 would lead via the uncontrolled free-wheeling diode 11 arranged between these terminals.
• a Steue ⁇ tion of the stream is therefore not possible.
• FIG. 5 illustrates a submodule 19 which represents a full-bridge circuit.
• the capacitor 20 has two series circuits 21a and 21b connected in parallel.
• Each series ⁇ circuit 21a, 21b comprises two switched on and switched off Leis ⁇ semiconductor switch 10 with oppositely directed free-wheeling diode.
• Submodule connection terminals 22, 23 are each connected to a potential point between the power semiconductor switches 10. For switching on the direct voltage network 1 at the ⁇ is connecting terminal 3 of the DC switch 1 with the first zuzugateden direct voltage network section connected.
• the switch 7 in the operating current path 4 is open.
• the DC switch 1 is made ready for operation via the charging branch 16 by closing the switch 17 and the turn-off 9 is therefore connected via the resistor 18 to a ground potential.
• the connection terminal 2 which is to connected to a pole of a direct voltage source, which Kondensa ⁇ gates 20 of the submodules to be charged 19th
• the control electronics of the power semiconductor switch which is fed from the voltage dropping to the turn-off power semiconductor switches 10, is now ready for operation.
• the switch 17 is opened the loading arm 16 and an expedient ⁇ lar control of the power semiconductor switch 10 of the power switching unit 14 are supplied scarf ⁇ tet, wherein the voltage is raised ramp-like controlling to the terminal 3 ver ⁇
• Thematic direct voltage network section is only possible without further ado when the submodules 19 of the commutation means 15 form half-bridge circuits according to FIG. In the case of full bridge circuits, these must either be bridged or the submodules 19 must first be made ready for operation, in order then to convert the power semiconductor switches 10 into their open position.
• the charging branch would be connected, for example, to the potential point between the commutation means 15 and the terminal 3.
• appropriate Schal ⁇ ter could be used. Notwithstanding this, a second charge branch is provided at this point.
• FIG. 6 shows a further DC voltage switch 1 for carrying out the method according to the invention.
• the DC voltage switch 1 again has a first terminal 2 and a second terminal 3. Between the Terminals 2 and 3 extends an operating current path 4, in which two mechanical switches 26 and 27 are arranged in series ⁇ . Furthermore, a Abschaltstrompfad 9 can be seen, with which the mechanical switch 26 can be bridged.
• a power switching unit 14 angeord ⁇ net consisting of a series circuit formed by submodules 19 in accordance with one of Figures 3, 4 or 5th
• a third mechanical switch 29 is provided in Abschaltstrompfad 9.
• the potential point between the power switching unit 14 and the third mechanical switch 29 is connectable to the charging branch 16 and thus to earth potential.
• the current path between the connection terminal 2 and the connected charging branch 16 can be interrupted, so that the current from the terminal 2 to earth can only flow via the power switching unit 14 and charges the energy storage 20, which may be arranged there.
• FIG. 7 shows a somewhat different from Figure 6 ⁇ execution example of a DC circuit breaker 1, wherein the mechanical ⁇ rule switches 28 and 29 are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the connection terminals 2 and 3 respectively.
• the fourth me ⁇ -mechanical switch 28 is now in the operating current path 4
• the diodes 30 and 31 prevent current flow from the terminals 2 and 3 directly to the connected load branch 16 without the current through the power switching unit 14 flows.
• a charge of the energy storage of the power switching unit 14 by means of the charging branch 16 is possible.
• the charging of the capacitors 20 is illustrated in Figure 9, the current path of the charging current I is figuratively ver ⁇ interpreting light. If capacitors 20 are charged and the electronics are ready for operation, the switch 17 of the charge branch 16 is opened and the third mechanical switch 29 is closed so that a controlled connection of the DC voltage network section connected to the connection terminal 3 can take place.
• the power semiconductor switch 10 of the power switching unit 14 are selectively controlled, so that a long ⁇ sames startup of the voltage takes place. If the DC voltage dropping at the connection terminal 3 corresponds approximately to the voltage applied to the connection terminal 2, the first switch 26 in the operating current path 4 is closed. The current is thus passed through the operating current path 4.
• FIGs 12 to 15 illustrate an embodiment of the method according to the invention with the aid of a DC voltage ⁇ switch 1 according to Figure 7.
• the switches 17, 27 and 28 are closed to charge the energy storage 20 of the power semiconductor switch 14 and to operate the electronics of the on and off power semiconductor switches .
• the charging current flow I for charging the energy storage 20 is illustrated.
• the switch 17 of the charge branch 16 is opened and the switch 29 is closed at the terminal 3.
• the switched on and off power semiconductor switch 10 of the power switching unit 14 are selectively and controlled controlled.
• the built-in diodes 30, 31 force the charging current to flow to the earth via the power switching unit 14.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
• Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

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Citations (7)

• 2012
  • 2012-03-09 ES ES12709061.1T patent/ES2585818T3/es active Active
  • 2012-03-09 PL PL12709061T patent/PL2810289T3/pl unknown
  • 2012-03-09 EP EP12709061.1A patent/EP2810289B1/de active Active
  • 2012-03-09 CN CN201280071253.7A patent/CN104160464B/zh active Active
  • 2012-03-09 WO PCT/EP2012/054125 patent/WO2013131580A1/de active Application Filing

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Non-Patent Citations (2)

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