WO2013123768A1 - 编码器的故障检测方法、装置和系统 - Google Patents

编码器的故障检测方法、装置和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013123768A1
WO2013123768A1 PCT/CN2012/081624 CN2012081624W WO2013123768A1 WO 2013123768 A1 WO2013123768 A1 WO 2013123768A1 CN 2012081624 W CN2012081624 W CN 2012081624W WO 2013123768 A1 WO2013123768 A1 WO 2013123768A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
proximity switch
pulse number
fault
encoder
determining
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2012/081624
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
易伟春
张虎
曾中炜
付新宇
曾鑫
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Hunan Zoomlion Special Vehicle Co Ltd
Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hunan Zoomlion Special Vehicle Co Ltd
Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Application filed by Hunan Zoomlion Special Vehicle Co Ltd, Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Hunan Zoomlion Special Vehicle Co Ltd
Publication of WO2013123768A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013123768A1/zh
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/24457Failure detection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of construction machinery, and in particular to a method, device and system for detecting a fault of an encoder.
  • Encoders are often used for angle measurement in engineering inspections, especially using a rotary encoder to detect the angle of rotation.
  • the working environment is relatively harsh, and the ordinary rotary encoder is fragile and easily damaged. When such a rotary encoder fails, it is difficult to repair due to troubleshooting, and the user can usually only replace it, resulting in a large user cost.
  • a related art device is provided in the related art, which is a schematic structural diagram of the self-made encoder device shown in FIG. 1 , which includes a proximity switch SQ-A, The proximity switch SQ-B, the proximity switch SQ-C and the mounting plate; wherein, the mounting plate is used for fixing the position of the proximity switch, and the proximity switch is used for sensing the concave and convex surface signal when the gear rotates, the proximity switch does not need to be in mechanical contact with the moving part, A switch that can be operated when the distance to the moving parts reaches a certain range.
  • the signal generated by the proximity switch of the self-made encoder device is transmitted to the controller, and the controller calculates the rotation angle by approaching the phase error signal of the switch.
  • the self-made encoder device shown in FIG. 1 has two metering modes, wherein mode one: the proximity switch SQ-C and the proximity switches SQ-A, SQ-B are used for angle measurement; mode two: proximity switch SQ- C is used to detect whether the proximity switches SQ-A and SQ-B are disconnected, and no angle measurement is performed. When the proximity switch SQ-A or the proximity switch SQ-B is disconnected, the home-made encoder can detect the fault.
  • the self-made encoder device can detect the disconnection of the proximity switch SQ-A or the proximity switch SQ-B, the metering mode needs to be the above mode 2, and the detection mode needs to pass another proximity switch. After the SQ-C is completed, once the proximity switch SQ-C is damaged or disconnected, the above fault will not be detected. It can be seen that the encoder fault detection mechanism has poor reliability. In view of the poor reliability of the encoder fault detection mechanism in the related art, an effective solution has not been proposed yet. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method, apparatus and system for detecting a fault of an encoder in view of the problem that the encoder fault detection mechanism is less reliable.
  • a method of detecting a fault of an encoder comprising: according to the first proximity switch and the second proximity The output signal of the switch acquires the respective pulse numbers of the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch; determining the fault information of the encoder according to the obtained number of pulses.
  • Determining the fault information of the encoder according to the obtained number of pulses includes: determining a first pulse number of the first proximity switch in the first time period; determining a second pulse number of the second proximity switch in the first time period; determining the first pulse Whether the number and the second pulse number are both smaller than the first specified value; if yes, determining that both the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch have a signal loss fault.
  • the method further includes: if the first pulse number and the second pulse number are not satisfied to be less than the first specified value, determining the fault information of the encoder according to the pulse difference between the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch in the second time period.
  • Determining the fault information of the encoder according to the pulse difference between the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch in the second time period comprises: determining a third pulse number of the first proximity switch in the second time period; determining that the second proximity switch is in The fourth pulse number of the second time period; if the difference between the third pulse number minus the fourth pulse number is greater than the second specified value, determining that the second proximity switch generates a signal loss fault; wherein, the proximity encoder along the object to be tested The direction of motion of one side, the first proximity switch is located on the upstream side of the second proximity switch; the direction of motion of the object to be tested is counterclockwise; if the difference between the number of third pulses minus the number of fourth pulses is less than the second designation of negative The value determines the signal loss of the first proximity switch.
  • the method further includes: determining that the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch are in the third time period Whether the output signal is wrong or not; if not, it is determined that the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch of the encoder do not fail.
  • the first time period, the second time period, and the third time period are the same time period or different time periods.
  • the method further includes: sending an alarm signal according to the determined fault information, wherein the fault information includes a fault type, or the fault information includes a fault type and a fault detection time.
  • a fault detecting apparatus for an encoder including: a pulse number acquiring module, configured to acquire a first proximity switch according to an output signal of a first proximity switch and a second proximity switch of the encoder And a respective number of pulses of the second proximity switch; wherein the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch encoder are used for measuring The quantity angle; the fault information determining module is configured to determine the fault information of the encoder according to the number of pulses acquired by the pulse number acquiring module.
  • the fault information determining module includes: a first pulse number determining unit, configured to determine, according to the number of pulses acquired by the pulse number acquiring module, a first pulse number of the first proximity switch in the first time period; and a second pulse number determining unit, configured to: Determining, according to the number of pulses acquired by the pulse number obtaining module, the second pulse number of the second proximity switch in the first time period; the first determining unit, configured to determine the first pulse number and the second pulse number determined by the first pulse number determining unit Determining whether the second pulse number determined by the unit is smaller than the first specified value; the first fault determining unit, when the determining result of the first determining unit is YES, determining that the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch both have a signal loss fault .
  • the fault information determining module further includes: a second fault determining unit, when the determining result of the first determining unit is negative, determining the encoder according to the pulse difference of the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch in the second time period accident details.
  • the second fault determining unit includes: a third pulse number determining unit, configured to determine, according to the number of pulses acquired by the pulse number acquiring module, a third pulse number of the first proximity switch in the second time period; the fourth pulse number determining unit, Determining, according to the number of pulses acquired by the pulse number acquisition module, the fourth pulse number of the second proximity switch in the second time period; the third failure determining unit, configured to: if the third pulse number minus the fourth pulse number is greater than the first Determining a value of the second proximity switch to determine a signal loss fault; wherein, along a moving direction of the object closer to the encoder side, the first proximity switch is located on the upstream side of the second proximity switch; the moving direction of the object to be tested is Turning counterclockwise; the
  • the device further includes: a second determining unit, configured to determine the first proximity switch and the second proximity if the difference between the third pulse number minus the fourth pulse number is between the negative second specified value and the second specified value Whether the output signal of the switch in the third period is wrong or not; and the fifth fault determining unit, when the judgment result of the second judging unit is no, determining that the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch of the encoder are not in error.
  • the device further includes: an alarm module, configured to send an alarm signal according to the determined fault information, wherein the fault information includes a fault type, or the fault information includes a fault type and a fault detection time.
  • the above device is a controller.
  • a fault detection system for an encoder comprising: an encoder and a controller, wherein the encoder is provided with a first proximity switch and a second proximity switch for measuring an angle;
  • the device includes a fault detecting device of the above encoder.
  • the number of pulses is obtained according to the output signal of the proximity switch of the encoder
  • the fault information of the encoder is determined according to the number of pulses
  • the fault of the encoder is no longer detected by the output signal of the third proximity switch, thereby avoiding the cause
  • the third proximity switch itself fails to complete the normal detection problem, which improves the reliability of the fault detection, thus solving the problem of poor reliability of the encoder fault detection mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-made encoder device according to the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a fault detecting method for an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault detecting system of an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a timing chart of encoder fault diagnosis according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the structure of a fault detecting apparatus for an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a structural block diagram of a fault detecting system of an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention; Modes
  • the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
  • the embodiment provides a fault detecting method for an encoder, wherein the encoder is provided with a first proximity switch and a second proximity switch for measuring an angle.
  • the schematic diagram of the encoder shown in FIG. 2, the encoder includes two proximity switches.
  • the embodiments of the present invention refer to the two proximity switches as the first proximity switch (ie, the SQ in FIG. 2).
  • A) and the second proximity switch ie, SQ-B in Fig. 2
  • the object of the encoder ie, the gear in Fig. 2 is rotated clockwise, and the first proximity switch is located at the left of the second proximity switch.
  • a proximity switch is located on the upstream side of the second proximity switch; of course, when the object to be tested is rotated clockwise, the first proximity switch is located at the second proximity switch along the direction of movement of the object to be measured near the encoder side
  • the downstream side also includes a mounting plate for securing the position of the proximity switch, the proximity switch for sensing the embossed surface signal as the gear rotates. In normal operation, the signal generated by the proximity switch of the self-made encoder is transmitted to the controller, and the controller calculates the rotation angle by the phase error signal of the proximity switch.
  • Step S302 The controller is based on the first approach.
  • the output signals of the switch and the second proximity switch acquire the respective pulse numbers of the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch.
  • the output signal of the proximity switch is a high-low level signal; the controller in this embodiment may acquire the output signals of the two proximity switches in real time, or may acquire the output signals of the two proximity switches only at a preset time. , The set time can be set according to the detection needs.
  • Step S304 the controller determines fault information of the encoder according to the obtained number of pulses.
  • the fault information of this embodiment includes a fault type, and the fault type can be classified into the following four faults: (1) A signal loss fault occurs in both the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch, that is, the proximity switch in FIG.
  • Both the SQ-A and the SQ-B have a signal loss fault, and the generated alarm signal is Exam Warning in the embodiment of the present invention; when the actual swing operation is performed, the two proximity switches are disconnected or the two proximity switches do not sense the gear , causing the angle not to be measured. Alternatively, a non-electrical fault such as a stuck stuck valve can cause this failure if the encoder experiences a mechanical failure.
  • the first proximity switch generates a signal loss fault, that is, the SQ-A in FIG. 2 has a signal loss fault, and the generated alarm signal is _ ⁇ r >7g in the embodiment of the present invention ; when the actual swing operation, SQ- A broken wire or SQ-A does not sense the gear, resulting in no angle measurement.
  • the second proximity switch generates a signal loss fault, that is, the SQ-B in FIG. 2 has a signal loss fault, and the generated alarm signal is S _ ⁇ r >7g in the embodiment of the present invention : when the actual swing operation, SQ -B broken or
  • the SQ-B does not sense the gears, resulting in an angle that is not measured.
  • the encoder generates a first proximity switch and a second proximity switch that are not in error, that is, the SQ-A and SQ-B in FIG. 2 generate a signal error-free fault, and the generated alarm signal is in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • ABPhaseOut— Warning When the actual rotation operation, the SQ-A and SQ-B signals are not in error, resulting in incorrect measurement of the angle. The above four faults will cause the encoder to not perform angle measurement or angle measurement errors.
  • the fault information may further include a fault detection time, and the fault detection time may determine which period of time the signal is detected according to the fault.
  • the number of pulses is obtained according to the output signal of the proximity switch of the encoder, and the fault type of the encoder is determined according to the number of pulses, and the fault of the encoder is no longer detected by the output signal of the third proximity switch, thereby avoiding the
  • the problem that the three proximity switches themselves fail to complete the normal detection improves the reliability of the fault detection, thus solving the problem of poor reliability of the encoder fault detection mechanism.
  • the detection mechanism does not require the third on the encoder.
  • the proximity switch can be completed, reducing the cost of the encoder.
  • the embodiment further provides a specific detection mechanism, for example, adopting the following manners: a) the controller determines the first pulse number of the first proximity switch in the first time period, and determines the second proximity switch. a second pulse number in the first time period; b) the controller determines whether the first pulse number and the second pulse number are both smaller than the first specified value; if yes, the controller determines that both the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch occur The signal loss fault; if not, the controller determines the encoder fault information according to the pulse difference of the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch in the second time period.
  • the first time period may be the same time period as the second time period, and may be different time periods; the number of pulses of the proximity switch may be the difference of the number of pulses corresponding to the two time points of the time period.
  • the determination of the first number of pulses may be: first finding the number of pulses of the first proximity switch obtained in step S302 at two time points corresponding to the first time period, and performing the two pulse numbers Subtraction, the pulse change is the number of pulses of the first proximity switch in the first time period; for the same reason, the second pulse number can also be determined according to this method.
  • the first specified value may be an allowable angle change threshold, for example, may be set to 2.
  • the number of pulses may be acquired according to the first time period and the second time period in step S302, so that the number of pulses unrelated to the acquisition is not required.
  • the embodiment further provides a method for troubleshooting the proximity switch based on the above solution, which is determined by comparing the difference between the number of pulses of the two proximity switches in the time period, based on The above determining the encoder according to the pulse difference between the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch in the second time period
  • the steps of the fault information include: a) determining a third pulse number of the first proximity switch in the second time period; b) determining a fourth pulse number of the second proximity switch in the second time period; c) if the third pulse number Subtracting the difference of the fourth pulse number is greater than the second specified value (for example, 2), that is, the third pulse number is greater than the fourth pulse number, and the difference between the two is greater than the second specified value, determining that the second proximity switch occurs Signal loss failure; d) if the difference between the third pulse number minus the fourth pulse number is less than the negative second specified value, that is, the third pulse number is less than the fourth pulse number, and the difference
  • the second specified value for example
  • the embodiment further provides a method for discriminating whether the signal is in phase or not, and specifically determining that the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch are in the third time period (the time period may also be related to the first and second time periods) Whether the output signals of the same) are in phase error; for example, an exclusive-OR operation is performed on the two output signals, and if the result of the determination is no, it may be determined that the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch of the encoder are not in error.
  • This method is simple and reliable, and can further check whether the encoder has a signal non-fault failure, that is, complete the (4) fault detection in the above fault type. If there is a certain fault after the above detection, on the basis of the above method, the controller may also send an alarm signal according to the determined fault information, for example, to send to other actuators, display screens or other alarm devices corresponding to the fault type. Alarm signal.
  • the above four types of faults and the fault detecting time can be accurately detected, which provides a basis for fault location and maintenance, and enhances the performance of the system, which does not require replacement of the entire encoder. It can resume normal work and save users' equipment expenses.
  • the controller of the embodiment drives the actuator according to the device control logic. For example, after receiving the swing drive signal, the controller drives the gear and the encoder according to the signal. At the same time, the controller intelligently discriminates the encoder itself by the above method, and performs early warning on the display screen and other alarm devices.
  • Step S602 the controller collects the slewing drive signal, the encoder proximity switch SQ-A signal, the proximity switch B signal controller according to the timing diagram shown in FIG. 5 and the proximity switch SQ-A signal, the proximity switch SQ-B
  • the signal ⁇ ⁇ calculates the pulse number PulseNwnbef'A of the proximity switch SQ-A and the pulse number PulseNumberB of the proximity switch B, respectively.
  • StartPulseNumberA PulseNumberA
  • StartPulseNumberB PulseNumberB
  • EndP heNumberA PulseNumberA
  • Step S604 determining whether the number of pulses of the SQ-A and SQ-B in the first specified time are all smaller than the first specified value.
  • Step S606 if yes, go to step S606; if no, go to step S608.
  • Step S606, SQ-A, SQ-B signals are lost alarms.
  • Step S608, calculating a difference between the number of SQ-A pulses and the number of SQ-B pulses in a comparison period (ie, the second period of time), and if the difference is greater than a second specified value (2 in this embodiment),
  • Step S610 if the difference is less than the negative second specified value (-2 in the embodiment), step S612 is performed; if the difference is between the negative second specified value and the second specified value, The difference is between -2 and 2 (-2 difference 2), and step S614 is performed.
  • the fault detection and the alarm determination are performed within a certain period of time in which the swing drive signal exists, that is, in the period from ⁇ to ⁇ .
  • the determination SQ-A, SQ-B signal is in a third period of time (in this embodiment the time period t 3 to t 4 between) the phase error signal, if yes, performs step S616; if NO, step S618.
  • the specific judgment method is as follows:
  • step S616 the encoder is normal.
  • step S618, SQ-A, SQ-B signals are not wrong, and alarm.
  • four kinds of alarm signals are output to the actuator, the display screen and other alarm devices in real time, and are used for the control of the actuator and the alarm prompt of the self-made encoder.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a fault detecting apparatus for an encoder, which may be disposed on a controller, or the device itself is a controller, as shown in the encoder of FIG.
  • Block diagram of the fault detection device the device includes the following modules - a pulse number obtaining module 72, configured to acquire, according to an output signal of the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch of the encoder, a pulse number of each of the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch; wherein, the first proximity switch and the second proximity The switch encoder is used to measure the angle; the fault information determining module 74 is connected to the pulse number obtaining module 72 for determining the fault information of the encoder according to the number of pulses acquired by the pulse number obtaining module 72.
  • the device of the embodiment obtains the pulse number according to the output signal of the proximity switch of the encoder, determines the fault information of the encoder according to the pulse number, and detects the fault of the encoder by the output signal of the third proximity switch, thereby avoiding Because the third proximity switch itself fails to complete the normal detection problem, the reliability of the fault detection is improved, thereby solving the problem that the encoder fault detection mechanism has poor reliability. At the same time, the detection mechanism does not need the encoder.
  • the three proximity switches can be combined to reduce the cost of the encoder.
  • the fault information in the embodiment of the present invention includes a fault type, or the fault information includes a fault type and a fault detection time.
  • the types of faults in this embodiment include the four faults in the foregoing embodiments, and are not described here.
  • the preferred fault information determining module 74 of the present embodiment includes: a first pulse number determining unit, configured to determine, according to the number of pulses acquired by the pulse number acquiring module 72, the first first switch in the first time period a second pulse number determining unit, configured to determine, according to the number of pulses acquired by the pulse number obtaining module 72, the second pulse number of the second proximity switch in the first time period; the first determining unit, configured to determine the first pulse number The first pulse number determined by the determining unit and the second pulse number determining unit determine whether the second pulse number is smaller than the first specified value; the first fault determining unit, when the determining result of the first determining unit is YES, determining A loss of signal occurs in both a proximity switch and a second proximity switch.
  • the fault information determining module 74 may further include: a second fault determining unit, configured to: when the determining result of the first determining unit is negative, according to the pulse difference of the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch in the second time period The value determines the fault information of the encoder.
  • the second fault determining unit may include: a third pulse number determining unit, configured to determine, according to the number of pulses acquired by the pulse number obtaining module 72, the third pulse number of the first proximity switch in the second time period; determining the fourth pulse number a unit, configured to determine, according to the number of pulses acquired by the pulse number obtaining module 72, a fourth pulse number of the second proximity switch in the second time period; and a third fault determining unit, configured to subtract the fourth pulse number if the third pulse number is subtracted The difference is greater than the second specified value, determining that the second proximity switch has a signal loss fault; wherein, in this embodiment, the movement direction of the object to be tested is counterclockwise rotation as an example, along the side of the object to be tested close to the encoder a direction of movement, the first proximity switch is located on the upstream side of the second proximity switch; that is, the clockwise rotation of the object to be tested is referenced, and the first proximity switch is located on the left side of the second proximity switch; And determining, if the difference
  • the embodiment may further determine whether the signal is in phase error to ensure the accuracy of the angle measured by the encoder. Based on this, the device further includes: a second determining unit, if the third The difference between the pulse number minus the fourth pulse number is between the negative second specified value and the second specified value, and it is determined whether the output signals of the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch in the third time period are wrong; The fault determining unit, when the determining result of the second determining unit is negative, determines that the encoder generates the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch without error fault.
  • the device further includes: an alarm module, configured to send an alarm signal according to the determined fault type.
  • the embodiment further provides a fault detection system for an encoder. As shown in FIG. 8, the system includes: a controller 70 and an encoder 80, wherein the controller 70 includes the fault detection device of the encoder in the above embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is an illustration of the structure shown in FIG. 7 as an example, and the functions of the respective modules or units are the same as those of the above embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
  • the encoder 80 is provided with a first proximity switch 82 and a second proximity switch 84 for measuring an angle.
  • the computing device may be implemented by program code executable by the computing device, such that they may be stored in the storage device by the computing device and, in some cases, may be different from the order herein.
  • the steps shown or described are performed, or they are separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or a plurality of modules or steps are fabricated as a single integrated circuit module.
  • the invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
  • the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

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Abstract

一种编码器的故障检测方法,该编码器设置有用于测量角度的第一接近开关(SQ-A)和第二接近开关(SQ-B),该方法包括:根据第一接近开关(SQ-A)和第二接近开关(SQ-B)的输出信号,获取所述第一接近开关(SQ-A)和第二接近开关(SQ-B)各自的脉冲数(S302);根据获取的脉冲数确定该编码器的故障信息(S304)。该方法解决了现有技术中的编码器故障检测机制可靠性较差的问题,同时,这种检测机制无需编码器上的第三个接近开关配合即可完成,降低了编码器的成本。还公开了一种编码器的故障检测装置以及编码器的故障检测系统。

Description

编码器的故障检测方法、 装置和系统
技术领域 本发明涉及工程机械领域, 具体而言, 涉及一种编码器的故障检测方法、 装置和 系统。 背景技术 工程检测中常会使用编码器进行角度测量,尤其是使用回转编码器检测回转角度。 在工程机械行业中, 工作环境较为恶劣, 普通的回转编码器较脆弱, 容易损坏。 当此 类回转编码器出现故障时, 因故障排查困难且不方便维修, 用户通常只能对其进行更 换, 导致用户的使用成本较大。 针对普通回转编码器故障排查困难、 不方便维修的问题, 相关技术中提供了一种 自制编码器装置, 如图 1所示的自制编码器装置的结构示意图, 该装置包括接近开关 SQ-A、 接近开关 SQ-B、 接近开关 SQ-C及安装板; 其中, 安装板用于固定接近开关 的位置, 接近开关用于感应齿轮转动时凹凸面信号, 该接近开关不需要与运动部件机 械接触, 在与运动部件的距离达到一定范围时便可以操作的开关。 该自制编码器装置 的接近开关产生的信号传入控制器, 控制器通过接近开关的相错信号, 计算出回转角 度。 上述图 1所示的自制编码器装置有两种计量模式,其中,模式一:将接近开关 SQ-C 与接近开关 SQ-A、 SQ-B—起用于角度测量; 模式二: 接近开关 SQ-C用于检测接近 开关 SQ-A、 SQ-B是否断线, 不做角度计量, 当接近开关 SQ-A或接近开关 SQ-B断 线时, 该自制编码器能够检测出故障。 由此可知, 该自制编码器装置虽然能够对接近 开关 SQ-A或接近开关 SQ-B的断线进行检测, 但是需要其计量模式为上述模式二, 并且这种检测方式需要通过另一个接近开关 SQ-C完成,一旦接近开关 SQ-C损坏或断 线, 将无法检测上述故障。 可见, 这种编码器故障检测机制可靠性差。 针对相关技术中的编码器故障检测机制可靠性较差的问题, 目前尚未提出有效的 解决方案。 发明内容 针对上述编码器故障检测机制可靠性较差的问题, 本发明提供了一种编码器的故 障检测方法、 装置和系统。 根据本发明的一个方面, 提供了一种编码器的故障检测方法, 该编码器设置有用 于测量角度的第一接近开关和第二接近开关, 该方法包括: 根据第一接近开关和第二 接近开关的输出信号, 获取第一接近开关和第二接近开关各自的脉冲数; 根据获取的 脉冲数确定该编码器的故障信息。 上述根据获取的脉冲数确定编码器的故障信息包括: 确定第一接近开关在第一时 间段的第一脉冲数; 确定第二接近开关在第一时间段的第二脉冲数; 判断第一脉冲数 和第二脉冲数是否均小于第一指定值; 如果是, 确定第一接近开关和第二接近开关均 发生信号丢失故障。 上述方法还包括: 如果第一脉冲数和第二脉冲数不满足均小于第一指定值, 根据 第一接近开关和第二接近开关在第二时间段的脉冲差值确定编码器的故障信息。 上述根据第一接近开关和第二接近开关在第二时间段的脉冲差值确定编码器的故 障信息包括: 确定第一接近开关在第二时间段的第三脉冲数; 确定第二接近开关在第 二时间段的第四脉冲数; 如果第三脉冲数减去第四脉冲数的差值大于第二指定值, 确 定第二接近开关发生信号丢失故障; 其中, 沿被测物的靠近编码器一侧的运动方向, 第一接近开关位于第二接近开关的上游侧; 被测物的运动方向为逆时针转动; 如果第 三脉冲数减去第四脉冲数的差值小于负的第二指定值, 确定第一接近开关发生信号丢 失故障。 如果第三脉冲数减去第四脉冲数的差值在负的第二指定值和第二指定值之间, 上 述方法还包括:判断第一接近开关和第二接近开关在第三时间段的输出信号是否相错; 如果否, 确定编码器发生第一接近开关和第二接近开关不相错故障。 上述第一时间段、 第二时间段和第三时间段为同一时间段或不同的时间段。 上述方法还包括: 根据确定的故障信息发送报警信号, 其中, 故障信息包括故障 类型, 或者故障信息包括故障类型和故障检测时间。 根据本发明的另一方面, 提供了一种编码器的故障检测装置, 包括: 脉冲数获取 模块, 用于根据编码器的第一接近开关和第二接近开关的输出信号, 获取第一接近开 关和第二接近开关各自的脉冲数; 其中, 第一接近开关和第二接近开关编码器用于测 量角度; 故障信息确定模块, 用于根据脉冲数获取模块获取的脉冲数确定编码器的故 障信息。 上述故障信息确定模块包括: 第一脉冲数确定单元, 用于根据脉冲数获取模块获 取的脉冲数确定第一接近开关在第一时间段的第一脉冲数; 第二脉冲数确定单元, 用 于根据脉冲数获取模块获取的脉冲数确定第二接近开关在第一时间段的第二脉冲数; 第一判断单元, 用于判断第一脉冲数确定单元确定的第一脉冲数和第二脉冲数确定单 元确定的第二脉冲数是否均小于第一指定值; 第一故障确定单元, 用于第一判断单元 的判断结果为是时, 确定第一接近开关和第二接近开关均发生信号丢失故障。 上述故障信息确定模块还包括: 第二故障确定单元, 用于第一判断单元的判断结 果为否时, 根据第一接近开关和第二接近开关在第二时间段的脉冲差值确定编码器的 故障信息。 上述第二故障确定单元包括: 第三脉冲数确定单元, 用于根据脉冲数获取模块获 取的脉冲数确定第一接近开关在第二时间段的第三脉冲数; 第四脉冲数确定单元, 用 于根据脉冲数获取模块获取的脉冲数确定第二接近开关在第二时间段的第四脉冲数; 第三故障确定单元, 用于如果第三脉冲数减去第四脉冲数的差值大于第二指定值, 确 定第二接近开关发生信号丢失故障; 其中, 沿被测物的靠近编码器一侧的运动方向, 第一接近开关位于第二接近开关的上游侧; 被测物的运动方向为逆时针转动; 第四故 障确定单元, 用于如果第三脉冲数减去第四脉冲数的差值小于负的第二指定值, 确定 第一接近开关发生信号丢失故障。 上述装置还包括: 第二判断单元, 用于如果第三脉冲数减去第四脉冲数的差值在 负的第二指定值和第二指定值之间, 判断第一接近开关和第二接近开关在第三时间段 的输出信号是否相错; 第五故障确定单元, 用于第二判断单元的判断结果为否时, 确 定编码器发生第一接近开关和第二接近开关不相错故障。 上述装置还包括: 报警模块, 用于根据确定的故障信息发送报警信号, 其中, 故 障信息包括故障类型, 或者故障信息包括故障类型和故障检测时间。 上述装置为控制器。 根据本发明的又一方面, 提供了一种编码器的故障检测系统, 包括: 编码器和控 制器, 其中, 该编码器设置有用于测量角度的第一接近开关和第二接近开关; 该控制 器包括上述编码器的故障检测装置。 通过本发明, 根据编码器的接近开关的输出信号获取其脉冲数, 根据该脉冲数确 定该编码器的故障信息, 不再通过第三个接近开关的输出信号检测编码器的故障, 避 免了因第三个接近开关自身出现故障无法完成正常检测的问题, 提高了故障检测的可 靠性, 因此解决了编码器故障检测机制可靠性较差的问题, 同时, 这种检测机制无需 编码器上第三个接近开关配合即可完成, 降低了编码器的成本。 附图说明 此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 构成本申请的一部分, 本发 明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图 中- 图 1是根据相关技术的自制编码器装置的结构示意图; 图 2是根据本发明实施例的编码器的结构示意图; 图 3是根据本发明实施例的编码器的故障检测方法流程图; 图 4是根据本发明实施例的编码器的故障检测系统的结构示意图; 图 5是根据本发明实施例的编码器故障诊断的时序图; 图 6是根据本发明实施例的编码器的故障检测方法的具体流程图; 图 7是根据本发明实施例的编码器的故障检测装置的结构框图; 以及 图 8是根据本发明实施例的编码器的故障检测系统的结构框图; 具体实施方式 下文中将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 需要说明的是, 在不冲突的 情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。 本实施例提供了一种编码器的故障检测方法, 其中, 该编码器设置有用于测量角 度的第一接近开关和第二接近开关。 如图 2所示的编码器的结构示意图, 该编码器包 括两个接近开关, 为了便于描述, 本发明实施例将这两个接近开关分别称为第一接近 开关 (即图 2中的 SQ-A) 和第二接近开关 (即图 2中的 SQ-B), 以编码器的被测物 (即图 2中的齿轮) 顺时针转动为基准, 第一接近开关位于第二接近开关的左侧, 也 即该被测物的运动方向为逆时针转动时, 沿被测物的靠近编码器一侧的运动方向, 第 一接近开关位于第二接近开关的上游侧; 当然, 对于被测物为顺时针转动时, 沿被测 物的靠近所述编码器一侧的运动方向, 该第一接近开关位于第二接近开关的下游侧。 该编码器还包括安装板, 其用于固定接近开关的位置, 接近开关用于感应齿轮转动时 凹凸面信号。 正常工作时, 该自制编码器的接近开关产生的信号传入控制器, 控制器 通过接近开关的相错信号, 计算出回转角度。 下面以控制器对图 2所示的编码器进行故障检测为例进行说明, 如图 3所示的编 码器的故障检测方法流程图, 该方法包括以下步骤: 步骤 S302, 控制器根据第一接近开关和第二接近开关的输出信号, 获取第一接近 开关和第二接近开关各自的脉冲数。 其中, 接近开关的输出信号为高低电平信号; 本实施例中的控制器可以实时采集 上述两个接近开关的输出信号, 也可以仅在预先设定的时间采集上述两个接近开关的 输出信号, 该设定的时间可以根据检测需要进行设定。 步骤 S304, 该控制器根据上述获取的脉冲数确定该编码器的故障信息。 本实施例的故障信息包括故障类型, 该故障类型可以分为以下四种故障: ( 1 ) 第一接近开关和第二接近开关均发生信号丢失故障, 即图 2 中的接近开关
SQ-A、 SQ-B 均发生信号丢失故障, 其产生的报警信号在本发明实施例为 Exam Warning; 当实际回转操作时, 上述两个接近开关断线或上述两个接近开关感应不到齿轮, 导致角度不计量。 或者, 当编码器发生机械故障, 例如阀芯卡死等非电气故障也会引 起此故障。
( 2 )第一接近开关发生信号丢失故障, 即图 2中的 SQ-A发生信号丢失故障, 其 产生的报警信号在本发明实施例为 _ ^r >7g ; 当实际回转操作时, SQ-A 断线或 SQ-A感应不到齿轮, 导致角度不计量。
( 3 )第二接近开关发生信号丢失故障, 即图 2中的 SQ-B发生信号丢失故障, 其 产生的报警信号在本发明实施例为 S _ ^r >7g : 当实际回转操作时, SQ-B 断线或
SQ-B感应不到齿轮, 导致角度不计量。
( 4 )该编码器发生第一接近开关和第二接近开关不相错故障, 即图 2中的 SQ-A、 SQ-B 发生信号不相错故障, 其产生的报警信号在本发明实施例为 ABPhaseOut— Warning : 当实际回转操作时, SQ-A与 SQ-B信号不相错, 导致角度错 误计量。 上述四种故障都会导致编码器不进行角度计量或角度计量错误。 根据实际需要, 上述故障信息还可以包括故障检测时间, 由该故障检测时间可以确定出该故障依据的 是哪段时间的信号检测出的。 本实施例根据编码器的接近开关的输出信号获取其脉冲数, 根据该脉冲数确定该 编码器的故障类型, 不再通过第三个接近开关的输出信号检测编码器的故障, 避免了 因第三个接近开关自身出现故障无法完成正常检测的问题,提高了故障检测的可靠性, 因此解决了编码器故障检测机制可靠性较差的问题, 同时, 这种检测机制无需编码器 上第三个接近开关配合即可完成, 降低了编码器的成本。 针对上述四种故障类型, 本实施例还提供了具体的检测机制, 例如, 采用如下方 式: a)控制器确定第一接近开关在第一时间段的第一脉冲数, 以及确定第二接近开关 在第一时间段的第二脉冲数; b )控制器判断第一脉冲数和第二脉冲数是否均小于第一 指定值; 如果是, 控制器确定第一接近开关和第二接近开关均发生信号丢失故障; 如 果否, 控制器根据第一接近开关和第二接近开关在第二时间段的脉冲差值确定编码器 的故障信息。 通过这种方式可以容易地确定是否两个接近开关均发生信号丢失故障, 即是否存在上述第(1 ) 中故障; 对于不存在的情况, 可以进一步确定是否两个接近开 关之一发生信号丢失故障。 其中, 上述第一时间段可以与第二时间段为同一个时间段,可以为不同的时间段; 一段时间内接近开关的脉冲数可以通过该段时间的两个时间点对应的脉冲数的差值得 至 lj, 因此, 上述第一脉冲数的确定可以为: 先查找到步骤 S302中获取的第一接近开关 在第一时间段对应的两个时间点的脉冲数, 对这两个脉冲数进行减法运算, 脉冲变化 量即为第一接近开关在第一时间段的脉冲数; 同理, 第二脉冲数也可以依据此方法确 定。 上述第一指定值可以为允许角度变化阈值, 例如, 可以设定为 2。 为了简化上述操作, 可以在步骤 S302 中根据第一时间段和第二时间段获取脉冲 数, 这样就不需要与获取无关的脉冲数。 为了定位具体故障的位置, 本实施例在上述方案的基础上, 还提供了一种接近开 关故障排查方法, 该方法通过比较两个接近开关在时间段的脉冲数的差值进行判断, 基于此, 上述根据第一接近开关和第二接近开关在第二时间段的脉冲差值确定编码器 的故障信息的步骤包括: a) 确定第一接近开关在第二时间段的第三脉冲数; b) 确定 第二接近开关在第二时间段的第四脉冲数; c)如果第三脉冲数减去第四脉冲数的差值 大于第二指定值 (例如 2) 也即, 第三脉冲数大于第四脉冲数, 且二者的差值大于第 二指定值, 则确定第二接近开关发生信号丢失故障; d)如果第三脉冲数减去第四脉冲 数的差值小于负的第二指定值, 也即第三脉冲数小于第四脉冲数, 且二者的差值小于 第二指定值, 确定第一接近开关发生信号丢失故障。 采用这种判断机制可以简单准确 地定位具体的故障位置, 即完成上述故障类型中的第 (2) 和第 (3 ) 种故障的检测, 为后续维修提供了可靠的保障。 当然, 如果第三脉冲数减去第四脉冲数的差值在负的第二指定值和第二指定值之 间, 则可以确定上述两个接近开关均无信号丢失故障, 这种情况下, 本实施例还提供 了一种信号相错与否的判别方式, 具体可以采用判断第一接近开关和第二接近开关在 第三时间段 (该时间段也可以与上述第一、 第二时间段相同) 的输出信号是否相错; 例如对两个输出信号进行异或操作, 如果判断的结果为否, 则可以确定该编码器发生 第一接近开关和第二接近开关不相错故障。 这种方式实现简单可靠, 能够进一步地排 查该编码器是否有信号不相错故障, 即完成上述故障类型的中的第 (4) 种故障检测。 如果上述检测之后, 存在某一种故障, 在上述方法的基础上, 该控制器还可以根 据确定的故障信息发送报警信号, 例如, 向其它执行机构、 显示屏或其它报警设备发 送与故障类型对应的报警信号。 本实施例通过采用上述判别方式, 可以准确地检测出上述四种故障类型, 以及故 障检测时间, 为故障定位与维修提供了依据, 增强了系统的性能, 这种方式不需要更 换整个编码器即可恢复正常工作, 节省了用户的设备开支。 下面以编码器为回转编码器为例进行说明, 本实施例的控制器根据设备控制逻辑 驱动执行机构, 例如, 控制器接收到回转驱动信号后, 根据该信号驱动齿轮和编码器 工作。 同时, 控制器通过上述方式智能判别编码器自身故障, 在显示屏以及其他报警 设备进行预警。 如图 4所示编码器的故障检测系统的结构示意图, 该图中的系统包括 编码器、 控制器、 执行机构、 显示屏和报警设备, 其中, 该编码器如图 2所示, 控制 器分别与编码器、 执行机构、 显示屏和报警设备相连接, 该连接可以是有线连接, 也 可以是无线连接。 下面以图 4所示的系统为例说明上述检测方法, 在进行该检测方法之前, 可以先 配置多个指定的时间点, 根据这多个时间点得到检测过程需要的上述三个时间段的相 关信息, 本实施例以图 5所示的编码器故障诊断的时序图为例, 其中, 包括在控制器 向编码器输入回转驱动信号时, 计时开始时间 t=0, 以及随后的时间点 、 t2、 t3禾口 t4 ; 如图 6所示的编码器的故障检测方法的具体流程图, 包括以下步骤: 步骤 S602, 控制器实时采集回转驱动信号、 编码器接近开关 SQ-A信号 、 接近 开关 B信号 控制器根据图 5所示的时序图和接近开关 SQ-A信号 、 接近开关 SQ-B信号 Ρβ分别计算接近开关 SQ-A的脉冲数 PulseNwnbef'A、 接近开关 B的脉冲数 PulseNumberB。 当有回转驱动信号 (即编码器处于工作状态) 时, 时间变量 t开始计时, 并进行 初始化操作,记 7ag _ ^B(wt为接近开关 SQ-A、SQ-B信号相错的信号,当 flag _ AB out 为 True时, 表示 SQ-A、 SQ-B信号相错(高低电平信号有重叠部分), 、 flag _ ABout 为 False时, 表示 SQ-A、 SQ-B信号不相错。 本实施例在 t= ti时, 将 flag _ ABc t置为 False 本实施例计算的各个脉冲数如下:
1 ) 当 t=t2时, 获取接近开关 SQ-A 脉冲数中间值 Μΰ ¾/^Μ""6£^4及接近开关 SQ-B脉冲数中间值 MidPulseNumberB, 即: MidPulseNumberA - PulseNumberA;
MidPulseNum berB - PulseNumberB;
2 ) 当 t=t3时, 获取接近开关 SQ-A脉冲数初始值 StoW^^eA^^e 及接近开关 SQ-B脉冲数初始值 StartPulseNumberB, 即:
StartPulseNumberA - PulseNumberA; StartPulseNumberB - PulseNumberB;
3 ) 当 t=t4时, 获取接近开关 SQ-A 脉冲数终止值 及接近开关 SQ-B脉冲数初始值 EndPulseNumberB, 即:
EndP heNumberA = PulseNumberA;
EndPulseNumberB - PulseNumberB; 本实施例在 t=t4时, 进行接近开关 SQ-A、 SQ-B信号丢失报警或阀芯卡死等非电 气故障 Exaw_ ar >?g、 接近开关 SQ-A信号丢失报警 _ ar >?g、 接近开关 SQ-B 信号丢失报警 B_ ar >?g、 SQ-A、 SQ-B信号不相错故障
Figure imgf000011_0001
_iFar >7g四种 报警判断, 具体参见以下步骤。 步骤 S604, 判断 SQ-A、 SQ-B在第一指定时间内的脉冲数是否均小于第一指定值
Threl, 如果是, 执行步骤 S606; 如果否, 执行步骤 S608。 步骤 S606, SQ-A, SQ-B信号均丢失报警。 步骤 S608, 在一个比较周期(即上述第二时间段) 内, 计算 SQ-A脉冲数与 SQ-B 脉冲数的差值, 如果该差值大于第二指定值(本实施例为 2), 执行步骤 S610, 如果该 差值小于负的第二指定值 (本实施例为 -2), 则执行步骤 S612; 如果该差值在负的第 二指定值与第二指定值之间, 即该差值在 -2与 2之间(-2 差值 2),执行步骤 S614。 本实施例在回转驱动信号存在的一定时间内, 即上述 ^至^的时间段内, 进行故 障检测及报警判断。 首先, 在 t=t4时, 进行 Ejraw_ ar 7g报警判断。 当 t=t4时,同时计算接近开关 SQ-A脉冲数差值 D^PM/ /W^ 及接近开关 SQ-B 脉冲数差值 D^M&e w^rS, BP: t3至 t4的这段时间段内 SQ-A和 SQ-B的脉冲数, 本实施例将 t3至 t4的这段时间段内作为第一时间段; D^PM/^ /W^ 相当于上述实 施例中的第一脉冲数; OifPukeNumberB相当于上述实施例中的第二脉冲数;
DifPulseNumberA - EndPulseNumberA - StartPulseNumberA;
DifPuheNumberB - EndPulseNumberB - StartPulseNumberB; 当 t=t4时, 若 OifPulseNumberA < Threl或 OiJPukeNumberB < Threl ( Threl本实施 例为允许角度变化阈值,一般取 2),则进行 E;raw_iFar 7g报警,即将 Ejraw_ ar >?g 置为 。 当 t=t4时, 若 Exam _ Warning为 False, 进行 A _ Warning及 5 _ Warning报警判断, 其报警判断具体如下: 1 )在 t=t4时刻, 获取接近开关 SQ-A在本周期内的脉冲数 PulseNumberThisA (相 当于上述第三脉冲数) 和获取接近开关 SQ-B在本周期内的脉冲数
Figure imgf000011_0002
(相当于上述第四脉冲数), 即: 即: t2至 t4的这段时间段内 SQ-A和 SQ-B的脉冲数; PulseNumberThisA - EndPulseNumberA - MidPulseNumberA
PulseNumberThisB - EndPulseNumberB - MidPulseNumberB
2)在 t=t4时刻, 根据接近开关 SQ-A、 SQ-B在本周期内的脉冲数差值, 进行报警 判断。 即, 令 APulse = PulseNumberThisA - PulseNumberThisB; 3 ) 在 t=t4时刻, 若 APulse < -2, 接近开关 SQ-A信号丢失报警; 若 APulse > 2, 接近开关 SQ-B信号丢失报警。 步骤 S610, SQ-B信号丢失报警。 步骤 S612, SQ-A信号丢失报警。 步骤 S614,判断 SQ-A、 SQ-B信号在第三时间段(本实施例为 t3至 t4间的时间段) 的信号是否相错, 如果是, 执行步骤 S616; 如果否, 执行步骤 S618。 当 t=t4时, 进行^ S/¾weOMt_fF r >7g报警判断, 具体判断方式如下:
1) 设 ^ =[^^], 在 >an区间内, 若接近开关 SQ-A信号 ^与接近开关 SQ-B 信号 相错, 即满足 AND PB = True, 则将 AB相错信号 flag_ABout置为 Tme。
2) 在 t=t4时刻, 若接近开关 SQ-B、 SQ-B 信号正常, 即无 E;raw_^r >7g、 A_Warning B Warning报警, 并且 AB 相错信号 Sow1为 False, 则进行
ABPhaseOut _ Warning报警。 步骤 S616, 该编码器正常。 步骤 S618, SQ-A, SQ-B信号不相错, 报警。 本实施例通过上述判断, 实时将四种报警信号输出给执行机构、 显示屏与其他报 警设备, 用于执行机构的控制及自制编码器的报警提示。 对应于上述方法实施例, 本发明实施例还提供了一种编码器的故障检测装置, 该 装置可以设置在控制器上, 或者该装置本身即为控制器, 如图 7所示的编码器的故障 检测装置的结构框图, 该装置包括以下模块- 脉冲数获取模块 72, 用于根据编码器的第一接近开关和第二接近开关的输出信 号, 获取第一接近开关和第二接近开关各自的脉冲数; 其中, 第一接近开关和第二接 近开关编码器用于测量角度; 故障信息确定模块 74, 与脉冲数获取模块 72相连, 用于根据脉冲数获取模块 72 获取的脉冲数确定编码器的故障信息。 本实施例的装置根据编码器的接近开关的输出信号获取其脉冲数, 根据该脉冲数 确定该编码器的故障信息, 不再通过第三个接近开关的输出信号检测编码器的故障, 避免了因第三个接近开关自身出现故障无法完成正常检测的问题, 提高了故障检测的 可靠性, 因此解决了编码器故障检测机制可靠性较差的问题, 同时, 这种检测机制无 需编码器上第三个接近开关配合即可完成, 降低了编码器的成本。 其中, 本发明实施例中的故障信息包括故障类型, 或者该故障信息包括故障类型 和故障检测时间。 本实施例中的故障类型包括上述实施例中的四种故障, 这里不再赘述。 为了定位 具体的故障原因, 本实施例优选故障信息确定模块 74包括: 第一脉冲数确定单元, 用 于根据脉冲数获取模块 72 获取的脉冲数确定第一接近开关在第一时间段的第一脉冲 数; 第二脉冲数确定单元,用于根据脉冲数获取模块 72获取的脉冲数确定第二接近开 关在第一时间段的第二脉冲数; 第一判断单元, 用于判断第一脉冲数确定单元确定的 第一脉冲数和第二脉冲数确定单元确定的第二脉冲数是否均小于第一指定值; 第一故 障确定单元, 用于第一判断单元的判断结果为是时, 确定第一接近开关和第二接近开 关均发生信号丢失故障。进一步地, 该故障信息确定模块 74还可以包括: 第二故障确 定单元, 用于第一判断单元的判断结果为否时, 根据第一接近开关和第二接近开关在 第二时间段的脉冲差值确定编码器的故障信息。 其中, 第二故障确定单元可以包括: 第三脉冲数确定单元, 用于根据脉冲数获取 模块 72获取的脉冲数确定第一接近开关在第二时间段的第三脉冲数;第四脉冲数确定 单元,用于根据脉冲数获取模块 72获取的脉冲数确定第二接近开关在第二时间段的第 四脉冲数; 第三故障确定单元, 用于如果第三脉冲数减去第四脉冲数的差值大于第二 指定值, 确定第二接近开关发生信号丢失故障; 其中, 本实施例以被测物的运动方向 为逆时针转动为例, 沿被测物的靠近所述编码器一侧的运动方向, 该第一接近开关位 于第二接近开关的上游侧; 也即以编码器的被测物顺时针转动为基准, 第一接近开关 位于第二接近开关的左侧; 第四故障确定单元, 用于如果第三脉冲数减去第四脉冲数 的差值小于负的第二指定值, 确定第一接近开关发生信号丢失故障。 当然, 对于被测 物为顺时针转动时, 沿被测物的靠近所述编码器一侧的运动方向, 该第一接近开关位 于第二接近开关的下游侧。 在没有发生信号丢失故障时, 本实施例还可以对信号是否相错进行判别, 以保证 编码器测量的角度的准确性, 基于此, 上述装置还包括: 第二判断单元, 用于如果第 三脉冲数减去第四脉冲数的差值在负的第二指定值和第二指定值之间, 判断第一接近 开关和第二接近开关在第三时间段的输出信号是否相错; 第五故障确定单元, 用于第 二判断单元的判断结果为否时, 确定编码器发生第一接近开关和第二接近开关不相错 故障。 完成上述故障检测后, 可以将故障上报给目标设备。 基于此, 上述装置还包括: 报警模块, 用于根据确定的故障类型发送报警信号。 本实施例还提供了一种编码器的故障检测系统, 如图 8所示, 该系统包括: 控制 器 70和编码器 80, 其中, 控制器 70包括上述实施例中的编码器的故障检测装置, 图 8以该装置为图 7所示的结构为例进行的说明, 各个模块或单元的功能与上述实施例 相同, 这里不再赘述。 编码器 80设置有用于测量角度的第一接近开关 82和第二接近 开关 84。 从以上的描述中可以看出, 本发明实施例采用接近开关的编码器较能适应环境恶 劣的工程机械行业中, 当该编码器出现故障时, 控制器输出报警信息, 显示屏及其他 报警设备接收控制器报警消息输出相关报警动作, 能全面检测所述自制编码器的自身 故障。 该检测机制不仅成本低, 而且排查故障容易、 维修方便。 显然, 本领域的技术人员应该明白, 上述的本发明的各模块或各步骤可以用通用 的计算装置来实现, 它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上, 或者分布在多个计算装置所 组成的网络上, 可选地, 它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现, 从而, 可以 将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行, 并且在某些情况下, 可以以不同于此处 的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤, 或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块, 或者将 它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。 这样, 本发明不限制于任 何特定的硬件和软件结合。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种编码器的故障检测方法, 其特征在于, 所述编码器设置有用于测量角度的 第一接近开关和第二接近开关, 所述方法包括:
根据所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关的输出信号, 获取所述第一接 近开关和所述第二接近开关各自的脉冲数;
根据获取的所述脉冲数确定所述编码器的故障信息。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 根据获取的所述脉冲数确定所述编 码器的故障信息包括:
确定所述第一接近开关在第一时间段的第一脉冲数;
确定所述第二接近开关在所述第一时间段的第二脉冲数;
判断所述第一脉冲数和所述第二脉冲数是否均小于第一指定值; 如果是,确定所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关均发生信号丢失故障。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括: 如果所述第一脉冲数和所述第二脉冲数不满足均小于第一指定值, 根据所 述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关在第二时间段的脉冲差值确定所述编码器 的故障信息。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 根据所述第一接近开关和所述第二 接近开关在第二时间段的脉冲差值确定所述编码器的故障信息包括:
确定所述第一接近开关在第二时间段的第三脉冲数;
确定所述第二接近开关在所述第二时间段的第四脉冲数;
如果所述第三脉冲数减去所述第四脉冲数的差值大于第二指定值, 确定第 二接近开关发生信号丢失故障; 其中, 沿被测物的靠近所述编码器一侧的运动 方向, 所述第一接近开关位于所述第二接近开关的上游侧; 所述被测物的运动 方向为逆时针转动;
如果所述第三脉冲数减去所述第四脉冲数的差值小于负的所述第二指定 值, 确定第一接近开关发生信号丢失故障。 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 如果所述第三脉冲数减去所述第四 脉冲数的差值在所述负的第二指定值和所述第二指定值之间,所述方法还包括: 判断所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关在所述第三时间段的输出信号 是否相错;
如果否, 确定所述编码器发生所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关不相 错故障。 根据权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述第一时间段、 所述第二时间段 和所述第三时间段为同一时间段或不同的时间段。 根据权利要求 1-6任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括: 根据确定的故障信息发送报警信号, 其中, 所述故障信息包括故障类型, 或者所述故障信息包括故障类型和故障检测时间。 一种编码器的故障检测装置, 其特征在于, 包括:
脉冲数获取模块, 用于根据编码器的第一接近开关和第二接近开关的输出 信号, 获取所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关各自的脉冲数; 其中, 所述 第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关编码器用于测量角度;
故障信息确定模块, 用于根据所述脉冲数获取模块获取的所述脉冲数确定 所述编码器的故障信息。 根据权利要求 8所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述故障信息确定模块包括:
第一脉冲数确定单元, 用于根据所述脉冲数获取模块获取的所述脉冲数确 定所述第一接近开关在第一时间段的第一脉冲数;
第二脉冲数确定单元, 用于根据所述脉冲数获取模块获取的所述脉冲数确 定所述第二接近开关在所述第一时间段的第二脉冲数;
第一判断单元, 用于判断所述第一脉冲数确定单元确定的所述第一脉冲数 和所述第二脉冲数确定单元确定的所述第二脉冲数是否均小于第一指定值; 第一故障确定单元, 用于所述第一判断单元的判断结果为是时, 确定所述 第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关均发生信号丢失故障。 根据权利要求 9所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述故障信息确定模块还包括: 第二故障确定单元, 用于所述第一判断单元的判断结果为否时, 根据所述 第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关在第二时间段的脉冲差值确定所述编码器的 故障信息。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述第二故障确定单元包括: 第三脉冲数确定单元, 用于根据所述脉冲数获取模块获取的所述脉冲数确 定所述第一接近开关在第二时间段的第三脉冲数;
第四脉冲数确定单元, 用于根据所述脉冲数获取模块获取的所述脉冲数确 定所述第二接近开关在所述第二时间段的第四脉冲数;
第三故障确定单元, 用于如果所述第三脉冲数减去所述第四脉冲数的差值 大于第二指定值, 确定第二接近开关发生信号丢失故障; 其中, 沿被测物的靠 近所述编码器一侧的运动方向, 所述第一接近开关位于所述第二接近开关的上 游侧; 所述被测物的运动方向为逆时针转动;
第四故障确定单元, 用于如果所述第三脉冲数减去所述第四脉冲数的差值 小于负的所述第二指定值, 确定第一接近开关发生信号丢失故障。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括:
第二判断单元, 用于如果所述第三脉冲数减去所述第四脉冲数的差值在所 述负的第二指定值和所述第二指定值之间, 判断所述第一接近开关和所述第二 接近开关在所述第三时间段的输出信号是否相错;
第五故障确定单元, 用于所述第二判断单元的判断结果为否时, 确定所述 编码器发生所述第一接近开关和所述第二接近开关不相错故障。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括:
报警模块, 用于根据确定的故障信息发送报警信号, 其中, 所述故障信息 包括故障类型, 或者所述故障信息包括故障类型和故障检测时间。
14. 根据权利要求 8-13任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置为控制器。
15. 一种编码器的故障检测系统, 其特征在于, 包括: 编码器和控制器, 其中, 所 述编码器设置有用于测量角度的第一接近开关和第二接近开关; 所述控制器包 括权利要求 8至 13任一项所述的装置。
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