WO2013123616A1 - Method of reducing standard coal consumption of electricity generating unit - Google Patents
Method of reducing standard coal consumption of electricity generating unit Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013123616A1 WO2013123616A1 PCT/CN2012/000228 CN2012000228W WO2013123616A1 WO 2013123616 A1 WO2013123616 A1 WO 2013123616A1 CN 2012000228 W CN2012000228 W CN 2012000228W WO 2013123616 A1 WO2013123616 A1 WO 2013123616A1
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- fire
- coal
- furnace
- coke
- boiler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
- F22B35/02—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers with natural convection circulation
Definitions
- the heat transfer mode in the furnace of a coal-fired power station boiler is: In the open flame fire gas heat transfer mode, the heat energy is converted into radiant energy by electromagnetic wave transfer, and then the radiant energy is converted into heat energy.
- the upper outer water wall of a furnace wall ⁇ heat conduction
- the inner water wall of a furnace wall convection heat transfer
- the upper part of the steam water mixture or superheated steam in a pot of water The furnace heat release is 95X or more.
- the coal burns fast and the amount of coal is large; the gas circulation speed is fast, the contact time with the heated surface is short, and a large amount of heat is not transferred to the water wall and is quickly discharged; the excessive loss of coal powder loss causes the coal to be burned, and the fire layer is easily disturbed.
- the heating surface of open flame fire gas radiation heat exchange is only hot water and steam and water mixture in the high temperature zone above 90 ° C in the upper water wall of the furnace wall. and the superheated steam, the water wall and the side wall of the furnace Celsius down to temperatures below 40 Q C pot of cold water zone, but not heat, greatly limits the heat transfer coefficient, and the rising steam boiler heat efficiencies.
- the semi-coke red coke fire gas heat conduction in the hearth is combined with the natural convection cycle heat exchange of the hot and cold air flow of the boiler water, instead of the open flame fire gas heat exchange, the standard coal consumption rate of the unit unit is reduced by 85% (54g/KWh).
- the young coal in combustion is pyrolyzed to form a semi-coke red coke fire under relatively closed conditions, and directly contacts the lower pot plate of the furnace wall; the negative pressure ventilation and oxygen support combustion, the hydrocarbon ions are continuously released under the action of hot pressing
- the high-temperature heat of 2000 Q C above Celsius can only be transferred from the fire side through the lower side of the furnace wall to the cold pot water with a heat absorption performance below 40 ° C in the low temperature zone;
- Generate rated pressure, driven steam turbine driven generator rotor to generate electricity.
- K semi-coke red coke has high calorific value, good combustion performance, low volatile content (5%-10%), smokeless, short flame, high temperature, good slag fluidity, good combustion effect, wide adaptability... ...
- the temperature of the semi-coke red coke fire gas directly contacting the heated surface is higher than the temperature of the open flame of the open flame gas, which inevitably increases the thermal conductivity.
- the burning time of the semi-coke red coke fire can be as long as ten hours, which is hundreds of times of the flame of the open flame (number of bills to several minutes).
- the corresponding coal injection interval, coal injection, and coal consumption are naturally drastically reduced.
- furnace wall pot plate 20 steel and cold pot water thermal conductivity far greater than the space radiation heat transfer coefficient, must increase the thermal conductivity.
- the experiment proves: the cold air flow can not rise, the hot air flow can not be reduced, as long as the water surface temperature of the pot water reaches and maintains the boiling point above 100 ° C, the bottom pot water can only be in the cold water state below 40 ° C. It has a strong temperature difference with the semi-coke red coke fire gas, which inevitably increases the thermal conductivity.
- the increase of steam temperature due to the negative pressure ventilation of the furnace is greater than the positive pressure air supply, and the medium and small opening negative pressure ventilation can ensure that the semi-coke red coke fire is fully oxygen-supported. And not to generate coke, it can also minimize the entry of cold air into the furnace and stimulate the wall of the furnace wall, resulting in lower boiler thermal efficiency and reduced evaporation.
- the invention can reduce some water-cooled walls, burners, coal-saving devices and other supporting devices, greatly reducing boiler manufacturing costs and energy consumption.
- [This] invention can greatly improve the efficiency of intermediate energy conversion (power generation, heat generation) of physical energy (coal), significantly reduce energy consumption per capita and unit GDP, and greatly reduce the pressure on resources and environment in some countries and regions. Due to the expansion of production capacity, the energy crisis, such as coal panic and panic, which seriously restricts economic development and development, is of great significance to the public interest and is urgently needed to be promoted and applied.
- the granulated coal can be formed by ventilating and suppressing the flame of the open flame, covering the entire fire bed with a thickness of about 2 cm, and promoting the formation of the semi-coke red coke fire.
- the hearth of the furnace is in the shape of a dome, which is high in the front, low in the middle, low in the middle and low in the middle, to facilitate the rise of the high temperature gas to guide the lower side of the furnace wall and the cold water in the pot.
Abstract
Disclosed is a method of reducing standard coal consumption of an electricity generating unit, relating to improving the method of heat transfer in a coal-fired power station boiler and an industrial coal-fired boiler, for example hot-water coal-fired boiler. The improvement mainly lies in using heat conduction of furnace bed semi-coked coal fire gas combined with circulation heat exchange by top to bottom natural convection of boiler water cold-hot airflows, replacing radiant heat exchange of open flame furnace gas, to achieve energy conservation, reduced consumption and reduced emission in a coal-fired power station boiler and an industrial coal-fired boiler, for example hot-water coal-fired boiler.
Description
降低单元机组发电标准煤耗率的方法 Method for reducing standard coal consumption rate of unit unit power generation
技 术 领 域 Technical field
燃煤电站锅炉以及工业、 热水等燃煤锅炉传热方式的技术创新。 Technical innovations in coal-fired power station boilers and heat transfer methods for coal-fired boilers such as industrial and hot water.
背 景 技 术 Background technique
目前燃煤电站锅炉炉膛中的传热方式是： 以明火火焰燃气辐射换热方式 进行， 是通过电磁波传递将热能转换成辐射能， 再将辐射能转换成热能。 【明 火火焰燃气一 （辐射换热） 一炉墙中上侧外水冷壁→ (导热） 一炉墙中上侧 内水冷壁一 （对流换热） 一锅水中上部汽水混合物或过热蒸汽】约占炉膛放 热量 95X以上。 其缺陷是： At present, the heat transfer mode in the furnace of a coal-fired power station boiler is: In the open flame fire gas heat transfer mode, the heat energy is converted into radiant energy by electromagnetic wave transfer, and then the radiant energy is converted into heat energy. [Bright fire flame gas (radiation heat transfer) The upper outer water wall of a furnace wall → (heat conduction) The inner water wall of a furnace wall (convection heat transfer) The upper part of the steam water mixture or superheated steam in a pot of water The furnace heat release is 95X or more. The drawbacks are:
煤炭燃烧快、 投煤量大； 燃气流通速度快， 与受热面接触时间短， 大量的 热量来不及传递给水冷壁就很快排出； 煤粉飞逸损失增多造成费煤， 且易扰 乱火层， 降低炉膛温度； 受传热距离影响热散失损耗大、 传热强度较弱、 传 递到受热面的温度相对较低……即 95%以上煤炭释放的热量被炉膛空间耗尽。 The coal burns fast and the amount of coal is large; the gas circulation speed is fast, the contact time with the heated surface is short, and a large amount of heat is not transferred to the water wall and is quickly discharged; the excessive loss of coal powder loss causes the coal to be burned, and the fire layer is easily disturbed. Reduce the temperature of the furnace; the heat loss distance is large, the heat transfer intensity is weak, and the temperature transmitted to the heating surface is relatively low... That is, more than 95% of the heat released by the coal is exhausted by the furnace space.
受到热气流上升、 冷气流下降这一自然对流循环现象影响， 明火火焰燃气 辐射换热的受热面，仅为炉墙中上侧水冷壁内摄氏 90°C以上的高温区热锅水、 汽水混合物及过热蒸汽， 而下降至炉墙下侧水冷壁摄氏 40QC以下的低温区冷 锅水， 却得不到受热， 极大限制了换热系数、 蒸汽升腾及锅炉热效率提升。 It is affected by the natural convection circulation phenomenon of rising hot air flow and cold air flow. The heating surface of open flame fire gas radiation heat exchange is only hot water and steam and water mixture in the high temperature zone above 90 ° C in the upper water wall of the furnace wall. and the superheated steam, the water wall and the side wall of the furnace Celsius down to temperatures below 40 Q C pot of cold water zone, but not heat, greatly limits the heat transfer coefficient, and the rising steam boiler heat efficiencies.
发 明 内 容 Invented content
以炉床半焦化红焦炭火燃气导热， 结合锅水冷热气流上下自然对流循环换 热， 替代明火火焰燃气辐射换热， 实现单元机组发电标准煤耗率降低 85% ( 54g/KWh) o The semi-coke red coke fire gas heat conduction in the hearth is combined with the natural convection cycle heat exchange of the hot and cold air flow of the boiler water, instead of the open flame fire gas heat exchange, the standard coal consumption rate of the unit unit is reduced by 85% (54g/KWh).
技 术 方 案 Technical solutions
【炉床半焦化红焦炭火燃气→ (导热）→炉墙下侧锅板外壁一 （导热） 炉墙下侧锅板内壁一（对流换热）→锅内下部摄氏 40QC以下低温区冷水一（冷一 热气流上下自然对流循环换热） 一锅内中上部汽水混合物以及过热蒸汽】 用厚约 2cm的粒煤覆盖炉膛火床， 将燃烧层与炉膛空间隔离并压制明火火 焰生成， 使燃烧中的年轻煤在相对封闭工况下， 热解生成半焦化红焦炭火， 且直接接触炉墙下侧锅板； 经负压通风加氧助燃， 碳氢离子在热压作用下， 持续释放出的摄氏 2000QC以上的高温热量， 只能以导热方式， 不断从火侧经 炉墙下侧锅板，传递给具有吸热性能地摄氏 40°C以下低温区冷锅水；同时， 利 用热气流 _b?升、 冷气流下降这一自然对流循环换热现象及原理， 使炉墙下侧 锅内冷水受热后， 不间断上升对流换热、 水汽热焓递增、 过热蒸汽持续升腾、 生成额定压强、 驱动汽轮机带动发电机转子发电。
技 术 原 理 [Coking red semi-coke hearth fire gas → (heat) → furnace side wall of the pot plate a lower portion of the outer wall (heat) boiler plate at the side wall of the inner wall of a furnace (heat convection) Q C → 40 ° C the pot cryogenic cold zone One (cold-hot air flow up and down natural convection circulating heat transfer) One-pot middle and upper steam-water mixture and superheated steam] Cover the furnace hearth with a grain of about 2cm thick, isolate the combustion layer from the furnace space and suppress the formation of open flame. The young coal in combustion is pyrolyzed to form a semi-coke red coke fire under relatively closed conditions, and directly contacts the lower pot plate of the furnace wall; the negative pressure ventilation and oxygen support combustion, the hydrocarbon ions are continuously released under the action of hot pressing The high-temperature heat of 2000 Q C above Celsius can only be transferred from the fire side through the lower side of the furnace wall to the cold pot water with a heat absorption performance below 40 ° C in the low temperature zone; The natural convection cycle heat transfer phenomenon and principle of hot air flow _b? liter, cold air flow drop, so that after the cold water in the lower side of the furnace wall is heated, the convective heat transfer, the increase of water vapor enthalpy, and the superheated steam continue to rise continuously. Generate rated pressure, driven steam turbine driven generator rotor to generate electricity. Technical principle
K 半焦化红焦炭火发热量高、 燃烧性能好、 挥发分低 （5%-10%)、 无烟、 火焰短、 温度高、 炉渣流动性好、 燃烧完全效果好、 适应性强范围广…… K semi-coke red coke has high calorific value, good combustion performance, low volatile content (5%-10%), smokeless, short flame, high temperature, good slag fluidity, good combustion effect, wide adaptability... ...
2、 半焦化红焦炭火燃气直接触受热面的温度， 高于明火火焰燃气辐射受 热温度数倍， 必然递增导热率。 2. The temperature of the semi-coke red coke fire gas directly contacting the heated surface is higher than the temperature of the open flame of the open flame gas, which inevitably increases the thermal conductivity.
3、 半焦化红焦炭火的燃烧时间可长达十几小时， 是明火火焰 （数钞钟至 数分钟） 的数百上千倍， 相应投煤间隔、 投煤量、 煤耗自然大幅锐减。 3. The burning time of the semi-coke red coke fire can be as long as ten hours, which is hundreds of times of the flame of the open flame (number of bills to several minutes). The corresponding coal injection interval, coal injection, and coal consumption are naturally drastically reduced.
4、 炉墙锅板 20钢与冷锅水的导热系数， 远远大于空间辐射换热系数， 必 然递增导热率。 4, furnace wall pot plate 20 steel and cold pot water thermal conductivity, far greater than the space radiation heat transfer coefficient, must increase the thermal conductivity.
5、 实验证明： 冷气流不能上升， 热气流不能下降， 只要锅水水面温度达 到并保持在沸点摄氏 100°C以上， 底部锅水只能处于摄氏 40°C以下低温冷水 状态。 它与半焦化红焦炭火燃气形成的强烈温差， 必然递增导热率。 5, the experiment proves: the cold air flow can not rise, the hot air flow can not be reduced, as long as the water surface temperature of the pot water reaches and maintains the boiling point above 100 ° C, the bottom pot water can only be in the cold water state below 40 ° C. It has a strong temperature difference with the semi-coke red coke fire gas, which inevitably increases the thermal conductivity.
6、 因炉膛负压通风量增加汽温升高的幅度， 大于正压送风量增加汽温升 高的幅度， 中小开度负压通风， 可保障半焦化红焦炭火得到充分地供氧助燃、 且不至生成焦渣， 还能最大程度减少冷空气进入炉膛、 刺激炉墙锅板， 导致 锅炉热效率降低、 蒸发量减少。 6. The increase of steam temperature due to the negative pressure ventilation of the furnace, the increase of the steam temperature is greater than the positive pressure air supply, and the medium and small opening negative pressure ventilation can ensure that the semi-coke red coke fire is fully oxygen-supported. And not to generate coke, it can also minimize the entry of cold air into the furnace and stimulate the wall of the furnace wall, resulting in lower boiler thermal efficiency and reduced evaporation.
7、规避明火火焰燃气辐射换热 95%以上的热耗率所减少的放热量，必然递 减相应地燃烧率及煤耗。 7. Avoiding the radiation heat transfer of open flame and gas. The heat release rate reduced by more than 95% will inevitably reduce the corresponding burning rate and coal consumption.
8、半焦化红焦炭火与炉墙下侧受热接触面 20钢锅板， 有摄氏 40QC以下低 温区冷锅水不停吸热， 下有灰层隔离， 使热冲击产生的热应力不至超出 20钢 锅板的屈服极限， 可以避免锅板、 炉箅出现金属过热， 强度降低、 蠕变变形 烧损等事故。 8, the contact surface of the side heating plate 20 steel pans half red coke fire and coking furnace wall, there are the following 40 Q C C pot of cold water kept low temperature endotherm with a lower ash layer isolation, thermal stress generated by thermal shock is not To exceed the yield limit of 20 steel pot plates, it is possible to avoid accidents such as metal overheating, strength reduction, creep deformation and burning in the pot plate and the furnace.
9、【本】发明可削减水冷壁、 燃烧器、 节煤器等部分配套装置， 大幅降低 锅炉制造成本及运用能耗。 9. [This] The invention can reduce some water-cooled walls, burners, coal-saving devices and other supporting devices, greatly reducing boiler manufacturing costs and energy consumption.
综上， 单元机组发电标准煤耗率降低 85% (54g/KWh) 可以实现。 In summary, the standard coal consumption rate of the unit unit is reduced by 85% (54g/KWh).
有 益 效 果 Benefit effect
【本】发明可大幅提高物理能源（煤炭） 中间环节转换 （发电、 产热） 效 率， 大幅降低人均和单位 GDP能耗， 使一些国家地区极大程度上减轻越来越 大地资源环境压力， 摆脱因产能扩大， 导致地严重制约经济建设发展地煤慌、 电慌等能源危机， 对公共利益具有极其重大意义， 急需推广应用。 [This] invention can greatly improve the efficiency of intermediate energy conversion (power generation, heat generation) of physical energy (coal), significantly reduce energy consumption per capita and unit GDP, and greatly reduce the pressure on resources and environment in some countries and regions. Due to the expansion of production capacity, the energy crisis, such as coal panic and panic, which seriously restricts economic development and development, is of great significance to the public interest and is urgently needed to be promoted and applied.
具 体 实 施 方 案 Specific implementation
1、 对层燃火床炉实施扩容升级改造， 使其达到大容量、 高参数、 亚临界、 超临界、 超超临界锅炉技术参数。 1. Carry out expansion and upgrade of the layered fire bed furnace to achieve the technical parameters of large capacity, high parameter, subcritical, supercritical and ultra supercritical boilers.
2、 以层燃火床炉替代室燃炉、 旋风炉、 流化床炉。
3、 以埋火生成半焦化红焦炭火燃烧方式， 替代火床、 火室、 旋风、 流化 床燃烧方式。 2. Replace the chamber burning furnace, cyclone furnace and fluidized bed furnace with a layered fire bed furnace. 3. Using a fire to generate a semi-coke red coke fire burning method, replacing the fire bed, fire chamber, cyclone, fluidized bed combustion mode.
4、 将粒煤以既能通风、 又能压制明火火焰生成、 约 2cm厚度覆盖全部火 床， 促使半焦化红焦炭火生成。 4. The granulated coal can be formed by ventilating and suppressing the flame of the open flame, covering the entire fire bed with a thickness of about 2 cm, and promoting the formation of the semi-coke red coke fire.
5、 炉膛火床呈簸箕形， 前低后高、 中低侧高、 以利于上升的高温燃气导 向炉墙下侧锅板及锅内冷水。 5. The hearth of the furnace is in the shape of a dome, which is high in the front, low in the middle, low in the middle and low in the middle, to facilitate the rise of the high temperature gas to guide the lower side of the furnace wall and the cold water in the pot.
6、 开启负压通风装置， 开度以通风顺畅、 加氧助燃为限， 适时调整， 以 催化半焦化红焦炭火充分释放高温热量。 6. Open the negative pressure ventilation device. The opening degree is limited by the smooth ventilation and oxygen-assisted combustion. It can be adjusted in time to fully release the high-temperature heat by catalyzing the semi-coke red coke fire.
7、 密切关注炉膛火势， 发现露火缺煤及时投补。
7. Pay close attention to the fire in the hearth and find that the fire is lacking in coal and timely subsidy.
Claims
1 . 【独立权利要求 1项】： 单元机组发电标准煤耗率降低 85% ( 54g/KWh )方 法。 其特征是以炉床半焦化红焦炭火燃气导热， 结合锅水冷热气流上下自然对 流循环换热，替代明火火焰燃气辐射换热，包括以下步骤【从属权利要求 7项】: 1. [Independent claim 1]: The standard coal consumption rate of unit unit power generation is reduced by 85% (54g/KWh). The utility model is characterized in that the semi-coke red coke fire gas heat conduction of the hearth is combined with the natural convection heat exchange of the hot and cold air flow of the boiler water, instead of the open flame fire gas heat exchange, including the following steps [Dependent Claim 7]:
2. 对层燃火床炉实施扩容升级改造， 使其达到大容量、 高参数、 亚临界、 超临界、 超超临界锅炉技术参数。 2. Carry out expansion and upgrade of the layered fire bed furnace to achieve the technical parameters of large capacity, high parameter, subcritical, supercritical and ultra supercritical boilers.
3. 以层燃火床炉替代室燃炉、 旋风炉、 流化床炉。 3. Replace the chamber burner, cyclone furnace and fluidized bed furnace with a layered fire bed furnace.
4. 以埋火生成半焦化红焦炭火燃烧方式， 替代火床、 火室、 旋风、 流化床 燃烧方式。 4. Using a fire to generate a semi-coke red coke fire burning method, replacing the fire bed, fire chamber, cyclone, fluidized bed combustion mode.
5. 将粒煤以既能通风、 又能压制明火火焰生成、 约 2cm厚度覆盖全部火床， 促使半焦化红焦炭火生成。 5. The granulated coal can be formed by ventilating and suppressing the flame of the open flame, covering the entire fire bed with a thickness of about 2 cm, and promoting the formation of the semi-coke red coke fire.
6. 炉膛火床呈簸箕形， 前低后高、 中低侧高、 以利于上升的高温燃气导向 炉墙下侧锅板及锅内冷水。 6. The hearth of the furnace is in the shape of a dome, which is high in the front, low in the middle, low in the middle and low in the middle, to facilitate the rise of the high temperature gas to guide the lower side of the furnace wall and the cold water in the pot.
7. 开启负压通风装置， 开度以通风顺畅、 加氧助燃为限， 适时调整， 以催 化半焦化红焦炭火充分释放高温热量。 7. Open the negative pressure ventilation device, the opening degree is limited by ventilation and oxygenation, and timely adjustment to catalyze the semi-coke red coke fire to fully release high temperature heat.
8. 密切关注炉膛火势， 发现露火缺煤及时投补。 8. Pay close attention to the fire in the furnace and find that the coal is burned in time.
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| PCT/CN2012/000228 WO2013123616A1 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2012-02-22 | Method of reducing standard coal consumption of electricity generating unit |
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| FR2580382A1 (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1986-10-17 | Seccacier | Boiler, in particular for rich fuel, comprising a member for compressing the mass of coal being ignited on the grate |
| DE3708020A1 (en) * | 1987-03-12 | 1988-09-22 | Michael Linder | Grate for furnaces, boilers and the like |
| CN2118235U (en) * | 1991-12-27 | 1992-10-07 | 河南省周口市实用机械研究所 | Water and fire tube mixing type domestic steam boiler |
| CN2251099Y (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 1997-04-02 | 宁夏三新技术有限公司 | Normal-and back-combustion burner for small boiler |
| CN2294385Y (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-10-14 | 吉林市锅炉厂 | Coal boiler |
| JPH1163667A (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-03-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Warm water boiler |
| CN2534468Y (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-02-05 | 卢长柱 | Vortex furnace arch moving gasification stepping burning bed furnace |
-
2012
- 2012-02-22 WO PCT/CN2012/000228 patent/WO2013123616A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5816116A (en) * | 1981-07-22 | 1983-01-29 | Yoshimine Kikan Kogyo Kk | Furnace for indeterminate solid fuel |
| FR2580382A1 (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1986-10-17 | Seccacier | Boiler, in particular for rich fuel, comprising a member for compressing the mass of coal being ignited on the grate |
| DE3708020A1 (en) * | 1987-03-12 | 1988-09-22 | Michael Linder | Grate for furnaces, boilers and the like |
| CN2118235U (en) * | 1991-12-27 | 1992-10-07 | 河南省周口市实用机械研究所 | Water and fire tube mixing type domestic steam boiler |
| CN2251099Y (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 1997-04-02 | 宁夏三新技术有限公司 | Normal-and back-combustion burner for small boiler |
| CN2294385Y (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-10-14 | 吉林市锅炉厂 | Coal boiler |
| JPH1163667A (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-03-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Warm water boiler |
| CN2534468Y (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-02-05 | 卢长柱 | Vortex furnace arch moving gasification stepping burning bed furnace |
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