WO2013117996A1 - Procédés d'élimination de métaux et d'oxyanions de courants aqueux - Google Patents

Procédés d'élimination de métaux et d'oxyanions de courants aqueux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013117996A1
WO2013117996A1 PCT/IB2013/000625 IB2013000625W WO2013117996A1 WO 2013117996 A1 WO2013117996 A1 WO 2013117996A1 IB 2013000625 W IB2013000625 W IB 2013000625W WO 2013117996 A1 WO2013117996 A1 WO 2013117996A1
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Prior art keywords
aqueous stream
metals
oxyanions
arsenic
ppm
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PCT/IB2013/000625
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English (en)
Inventor
Lucas Moore
Frederico FILHO
Marcelo COSTA
Paulo MORAIS
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Kemira Oyj
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Publication of WO2013117996A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013117996A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
    • C02F1/705—Reduction by metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/103—Arsenic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to processes for the removal of metals and oxyanions from aqueous streams.
  • Industrial waste waters commonly include a variety of contaminants which require treatment or removal before the waste water can be discharged.
  • Arsenic is a persistent, bio-accumulative toxin. Arsenic contamination is a growing concern with elevated levels being reported in the USA, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Bangladesh, West Bengal and Brazil. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has set a standard of 10 ppb arsenic as the acceptable level for groundwater. Arsenic is a major component in many mining processes as it is present in high concentrations in the ore that contains metals, such as iron, gold, nickel, and cobalt.
  • Arsenic is stable in several oxidation states, under different redox conditions in water. However, when present in groundwater, arsenic occurs mostly in the forms of arsenite, As(III) and arsenate, As(V). As(III) is usually the predominant form in many groundwaters since it is more likely to be found in oxygen free (anaerobic) conditions. As(V) is more common in aerobic waters. In general, As(V) is more readily removed than As (III).
  • Processes for removing one or more metals and/or oxyanions from an aqueous stream comprising the steps of: adjusting the pH of the aqueous stream to above about 6; adding one or more reducing agents to the aqueous stream; stirring the aqueous stream; adding one or more flocculants; and separating the reduced one or more metals and/or oxyanions from the aqueous stream.
  • Processes for removing one or more metals and/or oxyanions from aqueous streams are provided, wherein the aqueous streams are treated with one or more reducing agents to form solids of the metals and/or oxyanions. After the treatment, the solids are separated from the aqueous stream, for example by gravity settling or mechanical separation.
  • aqueous streams in particular mine process waters, can be treated with one or more reducing agents, for example sodium borohydride, to remove metals and oxyanions from the aqueous streams.
  • one or more reducing agents for example sodium borohydride
  • the process for removing one or more metals and/or oxyanions from an aqueous stream comprises the steps of: adjusting the pH of the aqueous stream to above about 6; adding one or more reducing agents to the aqueous stream; agitating the aqueous stream; adding one or more flocculants; and separating the reduced one or more metals and/or oxyanions from the aqueous stream.
  • the step of agitating the aqueous stream may comprise stirring or other movement of the aqueous stream.
  • the process may be used to reduce the concentration of the one or more metals and/or oxyanions to below about 100 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 5 ppb, about 2 ppb, or about 1 ppb.
  • aqueous stream refers to any aqueous liquid feed that contains undesirable amounts of metals or oxyanions.
  • exemplary aqueous streams include but are not limited to drinking water, ground water, well water, surface water, such as waters from lakes, ponds and wetlands, agricultural waters, wastewater, such as wastewater or leaching water from mining or industrial processes, geothermal fluids, water from mining processes associated with smelting, mine dewatering, tailing impoundment treatment, chemical induced leaching, flotation, autoclave, acid mine drainage, and the like.
  • the processes can be used to remove metals and/or oxyanions from any aqueous stream containing greater than about 2.0 ppb of the metals and/or oxyanions.
  • the process is effective for treating aqueous streams containing more than 500 ppb metals and/or oxyanions.
  • the process is effective in decreasing levels of one or more metals or oxyanions to below about 100, about 10, about 5, or about 2 ppb.
  • the additives may change, concentrations of additives may change, and the sequence of adding the additives may change. Such changes may be determined from experience with different aqueous stream compositions.
  • the aqueous stream is produced from a mining process, for example a smelting process, such a smelting process gold, copper, iron, nickel, silver, phosphate, coal or molybdenum; or processes associated with mine dewatering, tailing impoundment treatment, chemical induced leaching, flotation, autoclave, acid mine drainage, and the like.
  • a mining process for example a smelting process, such a smelting process gold, copper, iron, nickel, silver, phosphate, coal or molybdenum; or processes associated with mine dewatering, tailing impoundment treatment, chemical induced leaching, flotation, autoclave, acid mine drainage, and the like.
  • the aqueous stream comprises water and metals and/or oxyanions.
  • a "reducing agent,” “reductant” or “reducer” is an element or compound that donates an electron to another species.
  • the reducing agent may be any of a variety of reducing agents known to those of skill in the art, for example metal hydrides such as sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, and diisobutylaluminum hydride; zinc metal; iron metal; sodium sulfide; and bisulfite.
  • the reducing agent is a metal hydride.
  • the metal hydride is sodium borohydride.
  • the reducing agent is not sodium sulfide.
  • the reducing agent is not bisulfite.
  • the amount of reducing agent to be added to the aqueous stream is based on the amount of the aqueous stream and/or the amount of metals or oxyanions in the aqueous stream.
  • the concentration of reducing agent added to the aqueous stream is in the range of about 1000 to about 20,000 ppm, about 1000 to about 10,000 ppm, or about 2000 to about 8000 ppm.
  • the concentration of reducing agent added to the aqueous stream is about 1000, about 2000, about 3000, about 4000, about 5000, about 6000, about 7000, about 8000, about 9000, about 10,000, about 1 1,000, about 12,000, about 13,000, about 14,000, about 15,000, about 16,000, about 17,000, about 18,000, about 19,000, or about 20,000 ppm.
  • a variety of metals may be removed from aqueous streams by the processes described herein, including but not limited to arsenic, mercury, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, chromium, lead, barium, silver, other heavy metals, and mixtures thereof.
  • the metal is arsenic or a mixture comprising arsenic.
  • An "oxyanion” or “oxoanion” is a chemical compound of the formula A x O y z (where A represents a chemical element and O represents an oxygen atom).
  • Oxyanions are formed by many chemical elements. Exemplary oxyanions include borate, carbonate, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, chromate, arsenate, selenate, molybdate, nitrite, phosphate, sulfite, arsenite, selenite, hypophosphite, phosphate, hyposulfite, perchlorate, perbromate, periodate, permanganate, chlorate, chromate, bromate, iodate, chlorite, bromite, hypochlorite, and hypobromite.
  • the oxyanion is arsenate. In another embodiment, the oxyanion is arsenite. In another embodiment, the oxyanion is selenate. In another embodiment, the oxyanion is
  • the metals and/or oxyanions may be a mixture of metals and/or oxyanions.
  • the metals and/or oxyanions may be a mixture comprising arsenic, arsenite and arsenate.
  • the metals and/or oxyanions may be a mixture comprising selenium, selenate and selenite.
  • the pH of the aqueous stream is adjusted by adding, for example, lime, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, other caustic substances, or mixtures thereof.
  • the pH of the aqueous stream is adjusting adding any suitable reagent that does not comprise sodium sulfide.
  • the processes may be carried out at broad pH conditions, such as a pH of about 6 to about 12, or about 7 to about 10.
  • the pH of the aqueous stream is adjusted to above about 7, about 8, about 9 or about 10. In certain embodiments of the process, it is not necessary to adjust the pH.
  • the processes may be carried out at temperature of about 0°C to about 100°C, or about ambient temperature to about 90°C, or about 20°C to about 90°C.
  • the reducing agent is a metal hydride, for example sodium borohydride.
  • the amount of the one or more reducing agents added during the process is any amount that is effective to reduce or stabilize at least about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90% or about 99% of the one or more metals and/or oxyanions in the aqueous stream.
  • the amount of the one or more reducing agents added during the process is the amount necessary to reduce the concentration of the one or more metals and/or oxyanions to below about 100 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 5 ppb, about 2 ppb, or about 1 ppb.
  • the reducing agent may be added to the aqueous stream in one or more doses as needed or in intervals, in a stepwise fashion, or in a continuous fashion.
  • the aqueous stream is stirred for a period of time from about 15 minutes to about 24 hours. In exemplary embodiments, after adding the one or more reducing agents, the aqueous stream is stirred for at least about 15 minutes, about 30 minutes, about one hour, about two hours, or about 3 hours. In certain embodiments, after adding the one or more reducing agents, the aqueous stream is stirred for any time interval that is sufficient to reduce or stabilize at least about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90% or about 99% of the one or more metals and/or oxyanions in the aqueous stream. There is no particular limit on the amount of time that the aqueous stream may be stirred after adding the one or more reducing agents.
  • any suitable flocculant or mixture of flocculants may be used in the processes described herein.
  • the one or more flocculants added to the aqueous stream comprise one or more polymer flocculants.
  • the polymer flocculants may be anionic or nonionic. Any high molecular weight anionic or nonionic polymer flocculants known in the art may be used in the processes described herein.
  • Nonlimiting examples of exemplary polymer flocculants include, for example, flocculant-grade homopolymers, copolymers, and terpolymers prepared from monomers such as (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, and ethylene oxide.
  • the polymer flocculant is an anionic polymers.
  • the polymer flocculant is a nonionic polymers.
  • the polymer flocculant is a mixture of anionic polymers and nonionic polymers.
  • the one or more flocculants comprises a polyacrylamide flocculant.
  • polymer As used herein, the terms "polymer,” “polymers,” “polymeric,” and similar terms are used in their ordinary sense as understood by one skilled in the art, and thus may be used herein to refer to or describe a large molecule (or group of such molecules) that contains recurring units. Polymers may be formed in various ways, including by polymerizing monomers and/or by chemically modifying one or more recurring units of a precursor polymer. A polymer may be a "homopolymer” comprising substantially identical recurring units formed by, e.g., polymerizing a particular monomer.
  • a polymer may also be a "copolymer” comprising two or more different recurring units formed by, e.g., copolymerizing two or more different monomers, and/or by chemically modifying one or more recurring units of a precursor polymer.
  • the term "terpolymer” may be used herein to refer to polymers containing three or more different recurring units.
  • the dosage of the one or more flocculants can be any dosage that will achieve a necessary or desired result.
  • the dosage of the one or more flocculants is about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm; about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm; or about 20 ppm to about 50 ppm.
  • the dosage of the one or more flocculants is less than about 100 ppm, about 70 ppm, or about 50 ppm.
  • the process may further comprise the step of adding one or more absorbents and/or one or more coagulants.
  • the process may be repeated to further treat the aqueous stream and such subsequent treatment does not require the initial pH adjustment step.
  • the process further comprises obtaining the resulting aqueous stream of the process; adding one or more reducing agents to the aqueous stream; agitating the aqueous stream; adding one or more flocculants; and separating the reduced one or more metals and/or oxyanions from the aqueous stream
  • the process further comprises the step of adding one or more absorbents before step (d) or before the addition of the one or more flocculants.
  • An "absorbent” or “binder” as referred to herein includes silica-based compounds, for example an inorganic silica-based polymer, a hydraulic cement, a clay- based material, cellulose, alumina-cased adsorbents, ferrohydrate adsorbents, carbon, for example carbon black, or a mixture thereof.
  • Exemplary hydraulic cements include Portland cement, Portland-based cement, pozzolana cement, gypsum cement, high alumina cement, slag cement, silica cement, kiln dust or mixtures thereof.
  • the hydraulic cement comprises calcium, aluminum, silicon, oxygen and/or sulfur which may set and harden by reaction with water.
  • the hydraulic cement is an alkaline cement.
  • Exemplary Portland cements may be those classified as class A, C, H and G cements according to American Petroleum Institute (API) specification for materials and testing for well cements. They can also be classified by ASTM CI 50 or EN 197 in classes of I, II, III, IV and V.
  • Portland cement is the most common type of cementitious material used around the world. It consists mainly of calcium silicates and aluminates and some iron- containing phases. When mixed with water, Portland cement undergoes various hydration reactions resulting in raised pH as well as generation of new species including calcium silicate hydrates (CSHs). CSH may bind strongly to other mineral grains, resulting in a setting process.
  • the absorbent comprises Portland cement.
  • the dosage of the one or more absorbents can be any dosage that will achieve a necessary or desired result.
  • the dosage of the one or more absorbents is about 1 to about 10,000 ppm; about 50 to about 5000 ppm; or about 100 to about 1000 ppm. In one embodiment, the dosage of the one or more absorbents is less than about 10,000 ppm, about 5000 ppm, or about 1000 ppm.
  • the process optionally comprises the step of adding one or more coagulants before step (d) or before the addition of the one or more flocculants.
  • a "coagulant" as referred to herein includes iron compounds or salts, for example ferric or ferrous compounds or salts; aluminum compounds or salts; hydrated lime; magnesium carbonate; a polymer that contains one or more quaternized ammonium groups or mixtures thereof.
  • Iron coagulants include, for example, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride and ferric chloride sulfate.
  • Aluminum coagulants include, for example, aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride and sodium aluminate.
  • Polymer coagulants that contain one or more quaternized ammonium groups include, for example acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, and acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride.
  • the dosage of the one or more coagulants can be any dosage that will achieve a necessary or desired result.
  • the dosage of the one or more coagulants is about 1 to about 15 times the amount of the metals and/or oxyanions by mass (e.g. Fe:As mass ratio). In one embodiment, the dosage of the one or more coagulants is less than about 15 times the amount of the metals and/or oxyanions by mass.
  • the separation step may be accomplished by any means known to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to gravity settling, centrifuges, hydrocyclones, decantation, filtration, thickeners or another mechanical separation method.
  • the reduced metals and/or oxyanions may be handled or processed in any manner as necessary or desired.
  • the reduced metals and/or oxyanions should be handled in compliance with governmental regulations.
  • the reduced metals and/or oxyanions may be disposed of, sent to a landfill, or when solids are a concentrated source of minerals, the solids may be used a raw materials or feed to produce compounds for commercial products.
  • the process further comprises adding one or more sulfur-containing compounds.
  • the sulfur-containing compound can be, for example, a sulfide, a polysulfide, hydrogen sulfide, dimethylthiolcarbamate, diethylthiolcarbamate, sodium sulfide, sodium thiosulfate, calcium polysulfide, and mixtures thereof.
  • the amount of the sulfur-containing compound to be added to the aqueous stream is dependent on the amount of metal or oxyanion present in the aqueous stream.
  • the amount of the one or more sulfur-containing compound to be added is in the range of about 1.0 mole to about 4.0 moles, about 1.0 mole to about 3.0 moles, or about 1.0 mole to about 2.0 moles, per mol of metals or oxyanions.
  • the processes may be used to reduce or eliminate metals or oxyanions from waste water streams in mining processes.
  • the processes may be used to form a salt of the metal or oxyanion, wherein the salt has very low solubility in the aqueous stream or in water.
  • the experiments were performed with 500 mL of raw process water (e.g. water from a gold smelting process), characterized by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) chemical analysis.
  • the samples were agitated in a 1000 mL beaker with a reagent to adjust the pH (e.g. lime).
  • a reagent to adjust the pH (e.g. lime).
  • the desired pH e.g. pH of 6-8
  • different amounts of a reducing agent e.g. 6000 ppm of 12% sodium borohydride solution
  • the solution was then mixed with low agitation for a given time (for example, about 2 to about 24 hours, or preferably about 3 hours).
  • flocculant e.g.
  • the batch experiments were conducted on a laboratory scale and the objective of these tests were to: (1) achieve arsenic concentrations lower than 0.2 ppm in the liquid phase after treatment; (2) achieve selenium concentrations lower than 0.005 ppm in the liquid phase after treatment; (3) decrease the amount of solid residue (secondary waste) generated by the treatment and at the same time increase the arsenic concentration within the residue; and (4) determine reagent consumption to achieve feasible treatment costs.
  • Pretreatment The samples were agitated in a 1000 mL beaker with a reagent to adjust the pH (e.g. lime or a reagent with a pH greater than 10.5).
  • a flocculant was also added as part of this pretreatment step, for example 20 ppm of a polymeric acrylamide flocculant and the sample was allowed to rest for a period of time (e.g. 8 hours).
  • First treatment Different amounts of a reducing agent were added (e.g. 100, 500, or 1000 mg/L sodium borohydride) to the samples with agitation. The solution was then mixed with low agitation for a given time (for example, about 2 to about 24 hours). After that, 20 ppm flocculant (e.g. an acrylamide flocculant such as Superfloc® A 130 HMW from Kemira Oyj) was added and the solution was kept at rest (sedimentation) for precipitation for a period of time (e.g. 2 hours or overnight).
  • Second treatment Certain samples were submitted to a further reduction treatment in which 100 mg/L of sodium borohydride and 20 mg/L of a flocculant were added. The samples were subsequently let to rest (sedimentation) for a period of time (e.g. 2 hours).
  • Residue mass is the solid mass after the second treatment.
  • the total residue mass is the mass generated from the combination of treatment steps.
  • the ICP Detection limit for arsenic or selenium is in the range of >0.1 and ⁇ 1 ⁇ g/L (Thermo Electron Corporation Technical Note #40839).
  • TCLP analysis is a standard test developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This test determines which of the contaminants identified by EPA are present in the leachate and their concentrations; it simulates landfill conditions.
  • the TCLP extract containing in arsenic concentration has to be less than about 5 ppm. Concerning to the solid sediment residue, the amount of it has been decreased and its arsenic grade increased, both satisfactory. The amount of selenium in the sludge has increased as a result of the treatment.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés permettant d'éliminer les métaux et les oxyanions de courants aqueux. En particulier, les procédés d'élimination d'un ou plusieurs métaux et/ou oxyanions d'un courant aqueux consistent à ajouter un ou plusieurs réducteurs au courant aqueux.
PCT/IB2013/000625 2012-02-10 2013-02-08 Procédés d'élimination de métaux et d'oxyanions de courants aqueux WO2013117996A1 (fr)

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US61/597,561 2012-02-10

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EP2707518A1 (fr) * 2011-05-10 2014-03-19 Kemira OYJ Procédés d'élimination de contaminants de systèmes aqueux
WO2016111739A1 (fr) * 2015-01-06 2016-07-14 Ecolab Usa Inc. Procédé pour l'élimination de sélénium de l'eau par des ions de dithionite
IT201700088317A1 (it) * 2017-08-01 2019-02-01 Univ Della Calabria Trattamento di rimozione del boro da acque naturali e reflui
CN109607947A (zh) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-12 贵州省分析测试研究院 一种除去洗煤厂废水中重金属砷的方法

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EP2707518A1 (fr) * 2011-05-10 2014-03-19 Kemira OYJ Procédés d'élimination de contaminants de systèmes aqueux
EP2707518A4 (fr) * 2011-05-10 2015-01-14 Kemira Oyj Procédés d'élimination de contaminants de systèmes aqueux
US9725341B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2017-08-08 Kemira Oyj Methods for removing contaminants from aqueous systems
WO2016111739A1 (fr) * 2015-01-06 2016-07-14 Ecolab Usa Inc. Procédé pour l'élimination de sélénium de l'eau par des ions de dithionite
US20170349462A1 (en) * 2015-01-06 2017-12-07 Ecolab Usa Inc. Process for removal of selenium from water by dithionite ions
US11535537B2 (en) 2015-01-06 2022-12-27 Ecolab Usa Inc. Process for removal of selenium from water by dithionite ions
IT201700088317A1 (it) * 2017-08-01 2019-02-01 Univ Della Calabria Trattamento di rimozione del boro da acque naturali e reflui
CN109607947A (zh) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-12 贵州省分析测试研究院 一种除去洗煤厂废水中重金属砷的方法

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