WO2013111259A1 - Wind power generating equipment - Google Patents

Wind power generating equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013111259A1
WO2013111259A1 PCT/JP2012/051312 JP2012051312W WO2013111259A1 WO 2013111259 A1 WO2013111259 A1 WO 2013111259A1 JP 2012051312 W JP2012051312 W JP 2012051312W WO 2013111259 A1 WO2013111259 A1 WO 2013111259A1
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Prior art keywords
nacelle
wind power
rotor
heat exchanger
generator
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PCT/JP2012/051312
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
坂本潔
隆 松信
卓司 柳橋
茂久 舩橋
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株式会社日立製作所
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Priority to PCT/JP2012/051312 priority Critical patent/WO2013111259A1/en
Priority to JP2013555023A priority patent/JP5703397B2/en
Priority to TW102100544A priority patent/TWI541435B/en
Publication of WO2013111259A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013111259A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind power generation facility, and more particularly to a wind power generation facility suitable for a downwind system in which a rotor composed of a hub and blades is located on the leeward side of a tower that supports a nacelle.
  • the wind which is the driving force of wind power generation
  • a wind power generation facility includes a nacelle that supports a rotor that is rotated by blades, and a generator that is driven by the rotation of the blades is incorporated in the nacelle. Since the generator in the nacelle generates thermal energy as a loss, various measures for reducing this thermal energy have been proposed. For example, in Patent Document 1, as a method of cooling thermal energy generated as a loss, a first cooling system in which a generator is closed is provided, and a second cooling system installed in a nacelle cools the first cooling system. Techniques to do this are disclosed.
  • the wind power generation facility of Patent Document 1 is an upwind system in which a rotor composed of a hub and blades is located on the windward side of the tower that supports the nacelle, and a second cooling system is provided on the leeward side of the rotor rotated by the blades. Will be located. For this reason, after the wind hits the rotor or tower, it is guided to the second cooling system, and the air flow sucked by the second cooling system is disturbed by the wind hitting the rotor or tower, and the cooling system The cooling efficiency is reduced as compared with the case where the air flow is not disturbed.
  • the second cooling system needs to employ a part with a larger dimension (such as a heat exchanger) to increase the surface area in contact with air.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generation facility capable of preventing a decrease in cooling efficiency of the cooling system without increasing the size of the component parts of the cooling system. There is.
  • a wind turbine generator includes a rotor composed of a hub and blades, a generator connected to the rotor via a main shaft connected to the hub, and at least the generator.
  • a nacelle that pivotally supports the rotor via the main shaft; and a tower that supports the nacelle at the top, wherein the rotor is located on the leeward side of the tower.
  • the nacelle located on the windward side is composed of a horizontal straight line portion in a vertical cross section and an inclined portion that extends from the horizontal straight line portion toward the vertical center of the nacelle, and is inclined with respect to the horizontal straight line portion of the nacelle.
  • a heat exchanger is provided outside the boundary portion of the section, and the cooling medium from the generator is cooled by exchanging heat with the outside air by the heat exchanger,
  • a heat exchanger that cools the cooling medium from the generator by exchanging heat with outside air is provided, and the heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger body, It is composed of an intake side duct and an exhaust side duct connected to the heat exchanger body, and the intake port of the intake side duct is located on the windward side, and the exhaust port of the exhaust duct is located on the leeward side.
  • the present invention it is possible to prevent a decrease in the cooling efficiency of the cooling system without increasing the size of the components of the cooling system, and to obtain a wind power generation facility that does not cause a decrease in the power generation efficiency.
  • Example 1 of the wind power generation equipment of this invention is a side view which shows schematic structure of the nacelle part installed in the tower top part. It is the top view which looked at FIG. 1 from upper direction. It is a top view of the nacelle part which shows the flow of the air at the time of removing a heat exchanger from the structure of Example 1 of the wind power generation equipment of this invention. It is Example 2 of the wind power generation equipment of this invention, and is a side view which shows schematic structure of the nacelle part installed in the tower top part.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show Example 1 of the wind power generation facility of the present invention.
  • the wind power generation facility of this embodiment shown in the figure includes a rotor composed of a hub 4 and blades 5, a generator 1 connected to the rotor via a main shaft 13 connected to the hub 4, and the generator 1.
  • At least housed, and supported by the rotor via the main shaft 13, and the horizontal direction in the vertical cross section is a straight portion 2A, and a curved portion 2B that is an inclined portion from the horizontal straight portion 2A toward the vertical center 14.
  • a tower 3 that supports the nacelle 2 at the top, and a rotor composed of a hub 4 and blades 5 is a downwind type wind power generation facility located on the leeward side of the tower 3. It is assumed that it is installed offshore.
  • a plurality of (three in this embodiment) heat exchangers 7a and 7b are installed at predetermined intervals.
  • the heat exchanger 7a is provided with an intake port 11a and an exhaust port 12a
  • the heat exchanger 7b is provided with an intake port 11b and an exhaust port 12b.
  • the intake ports 11a and 11b are located on the windward side. Yes.
  • heat exchangers 7a and 7b in the present embodiment for example, a multi-tube heat exchanger is adopted, and a large number of heat transfer tubes (not shown) are arranged in a cylindrical body, and intake ports 11a and 11b are provided in the heat transfer tubes.
  • the external air 9a, 9b from the arrow 6 flows in via the external air 9a, 9b in the heat transfer tube and the warmed cooling medium 8 from the generator 1 exchanges heat, and the cooled cooling medium 8 is
  • the warm external air 9a, 9b, which is guided into the generator 1 and cools the generator, is exhausted from the exhaust ports 12a, 12b.
  • the wind power generation facility is operated so that the wind is directed at the wind direction indicated by the arrow 6, that is, the wind power generation facility is operated as a downwind system, and the hub 4 and the blade A rotor consisting of 5 is located on the leeward side of the tower 3.
  • the heat exchangers 7a and 7b are located on the windward side when viewed from the rotor.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 the shape of the nacelle 2 is streamlined (curved) as seen from the wind direction indicated by the arrow 6 in order to reduce air resistance. Part 2B).
  • the flow of air is separated from the outer surface of the nacelle 2 at the portion where the curvature of the outer surface of the nacelle 2 changes (the boundary portion between the horizontal linear portion 2A and the curved portion 2B), resulting in turbulence.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the turbulence of the air flow (FIG. 3 is obtained by removing the heat exchangers 7a and 7b from the wind power generation facility of FIG. 2).
  • the flow of air from the windward indicated by the arrow 6 is divided into both sides along the streamline shape of the nacelle 2 on the front surface of the nacelle 2 as indicated by the arrow 10, and the outer surface of the nacelle 2. It flows parallel to the curved portion (curved portion 2B, which is an inclined portion).
  • the air flow indicated by the arrow 10 is largely separated from the outer surface of the nacelle 2. Eddy. This air turbulence (vortex) results in mechanical stress on the blade 5 on the wake side, which is a problem.
  • the heat exchanger 7a is applied to a portion where the air flow indicated by the arrow 10 is separated from the outer surface of the nacelle 2, that is, a portion where the curvature of the outer surface of the nacelle 2 is large (A portion in FIG. 3). , 7b.
  • the air flow turbulent by passing through the heat exchangers 7a and 7b is not separated from the outer surface of the nacelle 2 according to the same principle as that of a known vortex generator used in airplanes and glider wings. Air flows like external air 9a and 9b shown in FIG. Thereby, there is an effect that mechanical stress applied to the blade 5 on the downstream side is reduced.
  • the present embodiment it is possible to obtain a wind power generation facility that can cool the generator 1 satisfactorily without increasing the size of the facility as well as being not affected by salt damage when installed on the ocean. Can do. Moreover, even if a cooling system is installed, it is possible to stabilize the behavior of the wake of the cooling system, suppress turbulence to the windmill blade, and obtain a wind power generation facility that does not cause a decrease in power generation efficiency.
  • FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the wind power generation facility of the present invention. Note that the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
  • Example 4 is different from Example 1 in that the heat exchanger 7c is installed not inside the nacelle 2 but inside the nacelle 2 as shown in FIG.
  • the heat exchanger 7c includes a heat exchanger body 7c1, an intake side duct 7c2 and an exhaust side duct 7c3 connected to the heat exchanger body 7c1, and the intake port 11c of the intake side duct 7c2 has an air flow.
  • the exhaust port 12c of the exhaust duct 7c3 is located on the leeward side.
  • the configuration of the heat exchanger body 7c1 is the same as that of the heat exchangers 7a and 7b of the first embodiment.
  • the external air 9c flowing in the direction indicated by the arrow 6 enters the intake port 11c installed on the windward side of the intake side duct 7c2 of the heat exchanger body 7c1, while the external air 9c is generated in the generator 1.
  • Heat is transferred to the heat exchanger main body 7c1 by the cooling medium 8, and the heat exchanger main body 7c1 exchanges heat between the cooling medium 8 which is heat generated in the generator 1 and the external air 9c flowing from the intake port 11c.
  • the cooling medium 8 is cooled by the external air 9c.
  • the cooled cooling medium 8 is guided into the generator 1 to cool the generator 1, and the warmed external air 9c is exhausted from the exhaust port 12c.
  • the nacelle 2 is shorter in the horizontal direction than the first embodiment (the depth in the direction of the arrow 6).
  • the shape of the nacelle 2 having a large shape is located on the windward side of the blade 5 in the downwind method.
  • the example of the multi-tube heat exchanger has been described as the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is not limited to the multi-tube heat exchanger, and other heat exchanges are also possible. It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even if a vessel is used.

Abstract

The present invention provides wind power generating equipment that can prevent a lowering of cooling efficiency in a cooling system without increasing the size of elemental components in the cooling system. This wind power generating equipment is provided with: a rotor formed from a hub and blades; a generator connected to the rotor via a main shaft connected to the hub; a nacelle in which at least the generator is accommodated and which axially supports the rotor via the main shaft; and a tower that supports the nacelle on the top thereof. Downwind type wind power generating equipment, in which the rotor is positioned on the leeward side of the tower, is characterized by the nacelle, which is positioned on the upwind side of the rotor, being formed from a horizontal straight line part in a vertical cross-sectional plane and an inclined part oriented toward the center of the nacelle in the vertical direction from the horizontal straight line part, by a heat exchanger being provided on the outside of the interface part between the horizontal straight line part and the inclined part nacelle, and by the heat exchanger exchanging heat from refrigerant from the generator with the outside air to carry out cooling.

Description

風力発電設備Wind power generation equipment
　本発明は風力発電設備に係り、特に、ハブとブレードから成るロータがナセルを支持するタワーより風下側に位置するダウンウインド方式に好適な風力発電設備に関する。 The present invention relates to a wind power generation facility, and more particularly to a wind power generation facility suitable for a downwind system in which a rotor composed of a hub and blades is located on the leeward side of a tower that supports a nacelle.
　自然エネルギーの効果的利用が図られている昨今、風力発電設備は、特に採算性のある試みであるとして、世界各国で開発が進められている。現在、建設されている風力発電設備は、主に湾岸部の陸上に設置されているものが多い。 In recent years when natural energy has been used effectively, wind power generation facilities are being developed around the world as a particularly profitable attempt. Currently, many of the wind power generation facilities that are being constructed are installed mainly on the shores of the Gulf.
　ところが、風力発電の原動力たる風は、障害物のある陸上に比べて洋上のほうが一般に風速が大きく、風向も安定しているため、大電力を得ることができる。また、洋上のほうが住宅からの距離がとれるため騒音公害の原因にもならない。以上の理由から、陸上ではなく洋上に風力発電設備を設置する動きが加速している。 However, the wind, which is the driving force of wind power generation, generally has a higher wind speed and a stable wind direction on the ocean than on land with obstacles. In addition, since the distance from the house is more offshore, it does not cause noise pollution. For these reasons, the movement to install wind power generation facilities on the ocean rather than onshore is accelerating.
　通常、風力発電設備は、ブレードにより回転するロータを支持するナセルを備え、このナセルには、ブレードの回転により駆動される発電機が内蔵されている。ナセル内の発電機からは、損失として熱エネルギーが発せられるため、この熱エネルギーを低減する方策が種々提案されている。例えば、特許文献１では、損失として生じた熱エネルギーの冷却法として、発電機が閉じた第１の冷却系を備え、ナセルに設置した第２の冷却系が、前記第１の冷却系を冷却する技術が開示されている。 Usually, a wind power generation facility includes a nacelle that supports a rotor that is rotated by blades, and a generator that is driven by the rotation of the blades is incorporated in the nacelle. Since the generator in the nacelle generates thermal energy as a loss, various measures for reducing this thermal energy have been proposed. For example, in Patent Document 1, as a method of cooling thermal energy generated as a loss, a first cooling system in which a generator is closed is provided, and a second cooling system installed in a nacelle cools the first cooling system. Techniques to do this are disclosed.
　この特許文献１によれば、損失として生じた熱エネルギーを低減することは勿論、洋上での塩気を含む空気が直接、発電機に触れないために、塩害による損傷を防ぐことができ、風力発電機の信頼性が向上する。 According to this Patent Document 1, not only the heat energy generated as a loss is reduced, but also the air containing salty water on the ocean does not directly touch the generator, so that damage due to salt damage can be prevented. The reliability of the machine is improved.
米国特許第７０５７３０５号明細書US Pat. No. 7,057,305
　ところで、特許文献１の風力発電設備は、ハブとブレードから成るロータがナセルを支持するタワーより風上側に位置するアップウインド方式であり、ブレードによって回転するロータの風下側に第２の冷却系が位置することになる。このため、風はロータやタワーに当たってから第２の冷却系に導かれることになり、第２の冷却系が吸気する空気の流れは、風がロータやタワーに当たることで乱れており、冷却系の冷却効率は、空気の流れに乱れのない場合に比べて低下してしまう。 By the way, the wind power generation facility of Patent Document 1 is an upwind system in which a rotor composed of a hub and blades is located on the windward side of the tower that supports the nacelle, and a second cooling system is provided on the leeward side of the rotor rotated by the blades. Will be located. For this reason, after the wind hits the rotor or tower, it is guided to the second cooling system, and the air flow sucked by the second cooling system is disturbed by the wind hitting the rotor or tower, and the cooling system The cooling efficiency is reduced as compared with the case where the air flow is not disturbed.
　よって、冷却系の冷却効率を低下させないためには、第２の冷却系は、より寸法の大きい形状の部品（熱交換器等）を採用して、空気が触れる表面積を増やす必要がある。 Therefore, in order not to lower the cooling efficiency of the cooling system, the second cooling system needs to employ a part with a larger dimension (such as a heat exchanger) to increase the surface area in contact with air.
　一般に、洋上の風力発電設備は、陸上に比べて基礎の建設コストが高いため、風力発電機の単機出力容量を増加させる傾向にある。従って、洋上風力発電設備では、発電機で生じる損失も増加するため、冷却効率を低下させないためには、上述した特許文献１の第２の冷却系の形状が大型化し、ナセル全体の重量が増える問題がある。 Generally, offshore wind power generation facilities tend to increase the single-machine output capacity of wind power generators because the construction cost of the foundation is higher than onshore. Therefore, in the offshore wind power generation facility, the loss generated in the generator also increases. Therefore, in order not to reduce the cooling efficiency, the shape of the second cooling system of Patent Document 1 described above increases, and the weight of the entire nacelle increases. There's a problem.
　本発明は上述の点に鑑みなされたもので、その目的とするところは、冷却系の要素部品を大型化することなく、冷却系の冷却効率の低下を防ぐことのできる風力発電設備を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generation facility capable of preventing a decrease in cooling efficiency of the cooling system without increasing the size of the component parts of the cooling system. There is.
　本発明の風力発電設備は、上記目的を達成するために、ハブとブレードから成るロータと、該ロータに前記ハブに接続された主軸を介して接続される発電機と、該発電機を少なくとも収納し、前記主軸を介して前記ロータを軸支するナセルと、該ナセルを頂部に支持するタワーとを備え、前記ロータが前記タワーより風下側に位置するダウンウインド方式の風力発電設備において、前記ロータよりも風上側に位置する前記ナセルは、垂直方向断面における水平方向直線部と、該水平方向直線部から前記ナセルの垂直方向中心に向かう傾斜部とから成り、該ナセルの水平方向直線部と傾斜部の境界部分の外部に熱交換器を設け、該熱交換器によって前記発電機からの冷却媒体が外気と熱交換して冷却されるか、
　或いは、前記ロータよりも風上側に位置する前記ナセル内に、前記発電機からの冷却媒体を外気と熱交換して冷却する熱交換器を設け、該熱交換器は、熱交換器本体と、該熱交換器本体と接続する吸気側ダクト及び排気側ダクトから成ると共に、前記吸気側ダクトの吸気口が風上側に、前記排気ダクトの排気口が風下側に位置していることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a wind turbine generator according to the present invention includes a rotor composed of a hub and blades, a generator connected to the rotor via a main shaft connected to the hub, and at least the generator. In the downwind type wind power generation facility, comprising: a nacelle that pivotally supports the rotor via the main shaft; and a tower that supports the nacelle at the top, wherein the rotor is located on the leeward side of the tower. The nacelle located on the windward side is composed of a horizontal straight line portion in a vertical cross section and an inclined portion that extends from the horizontal straight line portion toward the vertical center of the nacelle, and is inclined with respect to the horizontal straight line portion of the nacelle. A heat exchanger is provided outside the boundary portion of the section, and the cooling medium from the generator is cooled by exchanging heat with the outside air by the heat exchanger,
Alternatively, in the nacelle located on the windward side of the rotor, a heat exchanger that cools the cooling medium from the generator by exchanging heat with outside air is provided, and the heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger body, It is composed of an intake side duct and an exhaust side duct connected to the heat exchanger body, and the intake port of the intake side duct is located on the windward side, and the exhaust port of the exhaust duct is located on the leeward side. .
　本発明によれば、冷却系の要素部品を大型化することなく、冷却系の冷却効率の低下を防ぐことができ、発電効率低下の恐れがない風力発電設備を得ることができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the cooling efficiency of the cooling system without increasing the size of the components of the cooling system, and to obtain a wind power generation facility that does not cause a decrease in the power generation efficiency.
本発明の風力発電設備の実施例１であり、タワー頂部に設置されているナセル部分の概略構成を示す側面図である。It is Example 1 of the wind power generation equipment of this invention, and is a side view which shows schematic structure of the nacelle part installed in the tower top part. 図１を上方より見た平面図である。It is the top view which looked at FIG. 1 from upper direction. 本発明の風力発電設備の実施例１の構成から熱交換器を取り除いた場合の空気の流れを示すナセル部分の平面図である。It is a top view of the nacelle part which shows the flow of the air at the time of removing a heat exchanger from the structure of Example 1 of the wind power generation equipment of this invention. 本発明の風力発電設備の実施例２であり、タワー頂部に設置されているナセル部分の概略構成を示す側面図である。It is Example 2 of the wind power generation equipment of this invention, and is a side view which shows schematic structure of the nacelle part installed in the tower top part.
　以下、図示した実施例に基づき本発明の風力発電設備について説明する。尚、各実施例で、同一構成部品には同符号を使用する。 Hereinafter, the wind power generation facility of the present invention will be described based on the illustrated embodiment. In each embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same components.
　図１及び図２に、本発明の風力発電設備の実施例１を示す。 FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show Example 1 of the wind power generation facility of the present invention.
　該図に示す本実施例の風力発電設備は、ハブ４とブレード５から成るロータと、このロータにハブ４に接続された主軸１３を介して接続される発電機１と、この発電機１を少なくとも収納し、主軸１３を介してロータを軸支し、かつ、垂直方向断面における水平方向が直線部２Ａと、その水平方向直線部２Ａから垂直方向中心１４に向かう傾斜部である曲線部２Ｂとから成るナセル２と、このナセル２を頂部に支持するタワー３とを備えていると共に、ハブ４とブレード５から成るロータが、タワー３より風下側に位置するダウンウインド方式の風力発電設備であり、洋上に設置されている場合を想定している。 The wind power generation facility of this embodiment shown in the figure includes a rotor composed of a hub 4 and blades 5, a generator 1 connected to the rotor via a main shaft 13 connected to the hub 4, and the generator 1. At least housed, and supported by the rotor via the main shaft 13, and the horizontal direction in the vertical cross section is a straight portion 2A, and a curved portion 2B that is an inclined portion from the horizontal straight portion 2A toward the vertical center 14. And a tower 3 that supports the nacelle 2 at the top, and a rotor composed of a hub 4 and blades 5 is a downwind type wind power generation facility located on the leeward side of the tower 3. It is assumed that it is installed offshore.
　そして、本実施例では、このダウンウインド方式の風力発電設備において、ナセル２の水平方向直線部２Ａと曲線部２Ｂの境界部分の外側で、かつ、ナセル２の上面部と両側面部に、周方向に所定間隔をもって複数個（本実施例では３箇所）の熱交換器７ａ、７ｂを設置している。また、熱交換器７ａには吸気口１１ａと排気口１２ａを、熱交換器７ｂには吸気口１１ｂと排気口１２ｂをそれぞれ備え、吸気口１１ａ及び１１ｂが風上側に位置するように構成されている。 In this embodiment, in this downwind wind power generation facility, in the circumferential direction outside the boundary portion between the horizontal linear portion 2A and the curved portion 2B of the nacelle 2 and on the upper surface portion and both side surface portions of the nacelle 2 A plurality of (three in this embodiment) heat exchangers 7a and 7b are installed at predetermined intervals. The heat exchanger 7a is provided with an intake port 11a and an exhaust port 12a, and the heat exchanger 7b is provided with an intake port 11b and an exhaust port 12b. The intake ports 11a and 11b are located on the windward side. Yes.
　本実施例での熱交換器７ａ、７ｂは、例えば多管式熱交換器が採用され、円筒胴内に伝熱管（図示せず）を多数配列し、この伝熱管に吸気口１１ａ及び１１ｂを介して矢印６からの外部空気９ａ、９ｂが流入し、ここで伝熱管内の外部空気９ａ、９ｂと発電機１からの温まった冷却媒体８が熱交換して、冷却された冷却媒体８は発電機１内に導かれて発電機を冷却し、温まった外部空気９ａ、９ｂは、排気口１２ａ、１２ｂから排気されるものである。 As the heat exchangers 7a and 7b in the present embodiment, for example, a multi-tube heat exchanger is adopted, and a large number of heat transfer tubes (not shown) are arranged in a cylindrical body, and intake ports 11a and 11b are provided in the heat transfer tubes. The external air 9a, 9b from the arrow 6 flows in via the external air 9a, 9b in the heat transfer tube and the warmed cooling medium 8 from the generator 1 exchanges heat, and the cooled cooling medium 8 is The warm external air 9a, 9b, which is guided into the generator 1 and cools the generator, is exhausted from the exhaust ports 12a, 12b.
　次に、本実施例における発電機１の冷却方法について説明する。 Next, a method for cooling the generator 1 in this embodiment will be described.
　本実施例では、上述した如く、風力発電設備に対して矢印６で示す風向で風があたるように、風力発電設備を運用、即ち、風力発電設備としてダウンウインド方式として運用し、ハブ４とブレード５からなるロータがタワー３より風下側に位置している。これにより、熱交換器７ａ、７ｂが、ロータから見て風上側に位置することになる。 In the present embodiment, as described above, the wind power generation facility is operated so that the wind is directed at the wind direction indicated by the arrow 6, that is, the wind power generation facility is operated as a downwind system, and the hub 4 and the blade A rotor consisting of 5 is located on the leeward side of the tower 3. Thereby, the heat exchangers 7a and 7b are located on the windward side when viewed from the rotor.
　その結果、吸気口１１ａ、１１ｂには、矢印６で示す方向で流れる風が直接入るため、特許文献１で述べたアップウインド方式のように、風がロータやタワー３に当たってから吸気口１１ａ、１１ｂに導かれることがなくなり、吸気口１１ａ、１１ｂが吸気する空気の流れは乱れておらず、効率的に風が導かれる。従って、熱交換器７ａ、７ｂでの上述した熱交換は効果的に行われ、その冷却効率は低下することがない。 As a result, since the wind flowing in the direction indicated by the arrow 6 directly enters the intake ports 11a and 11b, the intake ports 11a and 11b after the wind hits the rotor and the tower 3 as in the upwind method described in Patent Document 1. The air flow sucked by the air inlets 11a and 11b is not disturbed, and the wind is efficiently guided. Therefore, the heat exchange described above in the heat exchangers 7a and 7b is effectively performed, and the cooling efficiency is not lowered.
　次に、本実施例における熱交換器７ａ、７ｂの取り付け位置について説明する。 Next, the mounting positions of the heat exchangers 7a and 7b in the present embodiment will be described.
　本実施例のようなダウンウインド方式の風車の場合、図１及び図２に示すように、空気抵抗を減らすためにナセル２の形状を、矢印６で示す風の方向から見て流線形（曲線部２Ｂ）にする場合がある。しかし、その場合、ナセル２の外面の曲率が変化する部分（水平方向直線部２Ａと曲線部２Ｂの境界部分）で、空気の流れがナセル２の外面より剥離して乱れを生じる。この空気の流れの乱れを、模式的に描いたのが図３である（図３は、図２の風力発電設備から熱交換器７ａ、７ｂを取り除いている）。 In the case of a wind turbine of the downwind type as in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shape of the nacelle 2 is streamlined (curved) as seen from the wind direction indicated by the arrow 6 in order to reduce air resistance. Part 2B). However, in that case, the flow of air is separated from the outer surface of the nacelle 2 at the portion where the curvature of the outer surface of the nacelle 2 changes (the boundary portion between the horizontal linear portion 2A and the curved portion 2B), resulting in turbulence. FIG. 3 schematically shows the turbulence of the air flow (FIG. 3 is obtained by removing the heat exchangers 7a and 7b from the wind power generation facility of FIG. 2).
　図３に示す如く、矢印６で示す風上からの空気の流れは、矢印１０で示すように、ナセル２の前面でナセル２の流線形の形状に沿って両側に分流し、ナセル２の外面曲線部分（傾斜部である曲線部２Ｂ）と平行に流れる。しかし、図３のＡ部（水平方向直線部２Ａと曲線部２Ｂの境界部分）においては、ナセル２の外面形状が曲がると、矢印１０で示す空気の流れは、ナセル２の外面から大きく剥離して渦を生じている。この空気の乱れ（渦）は、結果的に後流側にあるブレード５へ機械的なストレスを与えるため、問題となる。 As shown in FIG. 3, the flow of air from the windward indicated by the arrow 6 is divided into both sides along the streamline shape of the nacelle 2 on the front surface of the nacelle 2 as indicated by the arrow 10, and the outer surface of the nacelle 2. It flows parallel to the curved portion (curved portion 2B, which is an inclined portion). However, in the portion A of FIG. 3 (the boundary portion between the horizontal linear portion 2A and the curved portion 2B), when the outer surface shape of the nacelle 2 is bent, the air flow indicated by the arrow 10 is largely separated from the outer surface of the nacelle 2. Eddy. This air turbulence (vortex) results in mechanical stress on the blade 5 on the wake side, which is a problem.
　そこで、本実施例では、矢印１０で示す前述の空気の流れが、ナセル２の外面より剥離する部分、即ちナセル２外面の曲率が大きくなる部分（図３のＡ部）に、熱交換器７ａ、７ｂを設置するものである。 Therefore, in the present embodiment, the heat exchanger 7a is applied to a portion where the air flow indicated by the arrow 10 is separated from the outer surface of the nacelle 2, that is, a portion where the curvature of the outer surface of the nacelle 2 is large (A portion in FIG. 3). , 7b.
　飛行機やグライダーの翼で採用されている公知のボルテックスジェネレータと同様の原理により、熱交換器７ａ、７ｂを通過することによって乱流化した空気の流れは、ナセル２の外面から剥離せず、図１及び図２に示す外部空気９ａ、９ｂのように空気が流れる。これにより、後流側のブレード５に与える機械的なストレスが軽減される効果がある。 The air flow turbulent by passing through the heat exchangers 7a and 7b is not separated from the outer surface of the nacelle 2 according to the same principle as that of a known vortex generator used in airplanes and glider wings. Air flows like external air 9a and 9b shown in FIG. Thereby, there is an effect that mechanical stress applied to the blade 5 on the downstream side is reduced.
　尚、本実施例では、ナセル２の上面側に熱交換器７ａを１つ、ナセル２の両側面側に熱交換器７ｂを２つ取り付ける例を示したが、熱交換器の個数が増減しても効果は同じであることは言うまでもない。また、熱交換器をナセル２の下側につけても、効果は同様である。また、ナセル２の垂直方向断面における傾斜部が曲線部２Ｂの例について説明したが、傾斜部は直線であっても構わない。 In this embodiment, an example is shown in which one heat exchanger 7a is attached to the upper surface side of the nacelle 2 and two heat exchangers 7b are attached to both side surfaces of the nacelle 2. However, the number of heat exchangers increases or decreases. Needless to say, the effect is the same. Moreover, even if it attaches a heat exchanger to the lower side of the nacelle 2, the effect is the same. Further, the example in which the inclined portion in the vertical section of the nacelle 2 is the curved portion 2B has been described, but the inclined portion may be a straight line.
　このような本実施例によれば、洋上に設置された場合には塩害の影響を受けないことは勿論、設備を大型化することなく発電機１の冷却が良好に行える風力発電設備を得ることができる。また、冷却系を設置しても、冷却系の後流の挙動を安定化し、風車ブレードへかかる乱れを抑制し、発電効率の低下の恐れがない風力発電設備を得ることができる。 According to the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain a wind power generation facility that can cool the generator 1 satisfactorily without increasing the size of the facility as well as being not affected by salt damage when installed on the ocean. Can do. Moreover, even if a cooling system is installed, it is possible to stabilize the behavior of the wake of the cooling system, suppress turbulence to the windmill blade, and obtain a wind power generation facility that does not cause a decrease in power generation efficiency.
　図４に、本発明の風力発電設備の実施例２を示す。尚、実施例１と同一構成のものにつては同符号を使用し、その説明は省略する。 FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the wind power generation facility of the present invention. Note that the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
　図４に示す実施例２の風力発電設備は、熱交換器７ｃが、ナセル２の外部ではなく、ナセル２の内部に設置されている点で実施例１と異なる。 4 is different from Example 1 in that the heat exchanger 7c is installed not inside the nacelle 2 but inside the nacelle 2 as shown in FIG.
　本実施例の熱交換器７ｃは、熱交換器本体７ｃ１と、この熱交換器本体７ｃ１と接続する吸気側ダクト７ｃ２及び排気側ダクト７ｃ３から成り、かつ、吸気側ダクト７ｃ２の吸気口１１ｃが風上側に、排気ダクト７ｃ３の排気口１２ｃが風下側に位置している。尚、熱交換器本体７ｃ１の構成は、実施例１の熱交換器７ａ、７ｂと同一である。 The heat exchanger 7c according to the present embodiment includes a heat exchanger body 7c1, an intake side duct 7c2 and an exhaust side duct 7c3 connected to the heat exchanger body 7c1, and the intake port 11c of the intake side duct 7c2 has an air flow. On the upper side, the exhaust port 12c of the exhaust duct 7c3 is located on the leeward side. The configuration of the heat exchanger body 7c1 is the same as that of the heat exchangers 7a and 7b of the first embodiment.
　次に、本実施例における発電機１の冷却方法について説明する。 Next, a method for cooling the generator 1 in this embodiment will be described.
　本実施例の構成では、熱交換器本体７ｃ１の吸気側ダクト７ｃ２の風上側に設置された吸気口１１ｃに、矢印６で示す方向で流れる外部空気９ｃが入り、一方、発電機１で発生した熱は、冷却媒体８によって熱交換器本体７ｃ１に運ばれ、この熱交換器本体７ｃ１で、発電機１で発生した熱である冷却媒体８と吸気口１１ｃから流入した外部空気９ｃとで熱交換が行われ、冷却媒体８が外部空気９ｃによって冷却されることになる。冷却された冷却媒体８は発電機１内に導かれて発電機１を冷却し、温まった外部空気９ｃは、排気口１２ｃから排気される。 In the configuration of the present embodiment, the external air 9c flowing in the direction indicated by the arrow 6 enters the intake port 11c installed on the windward side of the intake side duct 7c2 of the heat exchanger body 7c1, while the external air 9c is generated in the generator 1. Heat is transferred to the heat exchanger main body 7c1 by the cooling medium 8, and the heat exchanger main body 7c1 exchanges heat between the cooling medium 8 which is heat generated in the generator 1 and the external air 9c flowing from the intake port 11c. The cooling medium 8 is cooled by the external air 9c. The cooled cooling medium 8 is guided into the generator 1 to cool the generator 1, and the warmed external air 9c is exhausted from the exhaust port 12c.
　このような本実施例の構成とすることでも、実施例１と同様な効果を得ることができる。 Even with this configuration of the present embodiment, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
　尚、洋上に設置される風力発電設備の場合、動力伝達系として、故障確率の高い増速機（ギヤ）を用いないダイレクトドライブの構成が使われる例がある。 In the case of wind power generation facilities installed offshore, there is an example in which a direct drive configuration that does not use a gearbox (gear) with a high probability of failure is used as a power transmission system.
　この場合、発電機１には、直径の大きな多極機を使うことになるため、図４に示すように、ナセル２は、実施例１に比べて水平方向に短く（矢印６の方向の奥行きが短い）、垂直方向に伸びた（矢印６と垂直な方向が太くなる）形状となり、ダウンウインド方式では、ブレード５の風上側に、形状の大きなナセル２が位置することになる。 In this case, since the generator 1 uses a multi-pole machine having a large diameter, as shown in FIG. 4, the nacelle 2 is shorter in the horizontal direction than the first embodiment (the depth in the direction of the arrow 6). The shape of the nacelle 2 having a large shape is located on the windward side of the blade 5 in the downwind method.
　しかし、本実施例によれば、ナセル２の前面で受ける空気の流れの一部を、ナセル２の内部を通して流すことができるため、ナセル２の外面に沿って流れる空気の乱れを軽減でき、結果的に、後流側のブレード５に与える機械的なストレスを軽減することができると言う効果がある。 However, according to the present embodiment, since a part of the air flow received at the front surface of the nacelle 2 can flow through the inside of the nacelle 2, the disturbance of the air flowing along the outer surface of the nacelle 2 can be reduced. Therefore, there is an effect that mechanical stress applied to the blade 5 on the wake side can be reduced.
　尚、上述した各実施例では、熱交換器として多管式熱交換器の例につて説明したが、熱交換器は、多管式熱交換器に限定されるものではなく、他の熱交換器を採用しても同様な効果が得られることは言うまでもない。また、主軸１３の先に増速ギヤが付いていて、高速軸で発電機１を回す風車もあるが、この場合も本発明に含まれ、上述した効果と同様な効果が得られる。 In each of the above-described embodiments, the example of the multi-tube heat exchanger has been described as the heat exchanger. However, the heat exchanger is not limited to the multi-tube heat exchanger, and other heat exchanges are also possible. It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even if a vessel is used. There is also a windmill with a speed increasing gear attached to the tip of the main shaft 13 and rotating the generator 1 with a high speed shaft. This case is also included in the present invention, and the same effect as described above can be obtained.
　１…発電機、２…ナセル、２Ａ…ナセルの水平方向直線部、２Ｂ…ナセルの曲線部、３…タワー、４…ハブ、５…ブレード、７ａ、７ｂ、７ｃ…熱交換器、７ｃ１…熱交換器本体、７ｃ２…吸気側ダクト、７ｃ３…排気側ダクト、８…冷却媒体、９ａ、９ｂ、９ｃ…外部空気、１１ａ、１１ｂ、１１ｃ…吸気口、１２ａ、１２ｂ、１２ｃ…排気口、１３…主軸、１４…ナセルの垂直方向中心 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Generator, 2 ... Nacelle, 2A ... Horizontal linear part of nacelle, 2B ... Curved part of nacelle, 3 ... Tower, 4 ... Hub, 5 ... Blade, 7a, 7b, 7c ... Heat exchanger, 7c1 ... Heat Exchanger body, 7c2 ... intake side duct, 7c3 ... exhaust side duct, 8 ... cooling medium, 9a, 9b, 9c ... external air, 11a, 11b, 11c ... intake port, 12a, 12b, 12c ... exhaust port, 13 ... Main axis, 14 ... vertical center of nacelle

Claims (6)

  1. 　ハブとブレードから成るロータと、該ロータに前記ハブに接続された主軸を介して接続される発電機と、該発電機を少なくとも収納し、前記主軸を介して前記ロータを軸支するナセルと、該ナセルを頂部に支持するタワーとを備え、前記ロータが前記タワーより風下側に位置するダウンウインド方式の風力発電設備において、
    　前記ロータよりも風上側に位置する前記ナセルは、垂直方向断面における水平方向直線部と、該水平方向直線部から前記ナセルの垂直方向中心に向かう傾斜部とから成り、該ナセルの水平方向直線部と傾斜部の境界部分の外部に熱交換器を設け、該熱交換器によって前記発電機からの冷却媒体が外気と熱交換して冷却されることを特徴とする風力発電設備。     A rotor composed of a hub and blades; a generator connected to the rotor via a main shaft connected to the hub; and a nacelle that houses at least the generator and supports the rotor via the main shaft; A down-wind type wind power generation facility comprising a tower that supports the nacelle at the top, and wherein the rotor is located on the leeward side of the tower,
    The nacelle located on the windward side of the rotor is composed of a horizontal straight line portion in a vertical cross section, and an inclined portion directed from the horizontal straight line portion to the vertical center of the nacelle, and the horizontal straight line portion of the nacelle. A wind power generation facility, characterized in that a heat exchanger is provided outside the boundary portion of the inclined portion, and the cooling medium from the generator is cooled by exchanging heat with the outside air by the heat exchanger.
  2. 　請求項１に記載の風力発電設備において、
    　前記ナセルの傾斜部は、曲線部又は直線部であることを特徴とする風力発電設備。     The wind power generation facility according to claim 1,
    The wind power generation facility, wherein the inclined portion of the nacelle is a curved portion or a straight portion.
  3. 　請求項１又は２に記載の風力発電設備において、
    　前記熱交換器は、前記ナセルの周方向に所定間隔をもって複数個設置されていることを特徴とする風力発電設備。     In the wind power generation facility according to claim 1 or 2,
    A plurality of the heat exchangers are installed at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the nacelle.
  4. 　請求項３に記載の風力発電設備において、
    　前記熱交換器は、前記ナセルの上面部及び側面部に配置されていることを特徴とする風力発電設備。     The wind power generation facility according to claim 3,
    The said heat exchanger is arrange | positioned at the upper surface part and side part of the said nacelle, The wind power generation equipment characterized by the above-mentioned.
  5. 　請求項１乃至４のいずれか１項に記載の風力発電設備において、
    　前記熱交換器は、外気の吸気口が風上側に位置していることを特徴とする風力発電設備。     The wind power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    The wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger has an air intake port located on the windward side.
  6. 　ハブとブレードから成るロータと、該ロータに前記ハブに接続された主軸を介して接続される発電機と、該発電機を少なくとも収納し、前記主軸を介して前記ロータを軸支するナセルと、該ナセルを頂部に支持するタワーとを備え、前記ロータが前記タワーより風下側に位置するダウンウインド方式の風力発電設備において、
    　前記ロータよりも風上側に位置する前記ナセル内に、前記発電機からの冷却媒体を外気と熱交換して冷却する熱交換器を設け、該熱交換器は、熱交換器本体と、該熱交換器本体と接続する吸気側ダクト及び排気側ダクトから成ると共に、前記吸気側ダクトの吸気口が風上側に、前記排気ダクトの排気口が風下側に位置していることを特徴とする風力発電設備。     A rotor composed of a hub and blades; a generator connected to the rotor via a main shaft connected to the hub; and a nacelle that houses at least the generator and supports the rotor via the main shaft; A down-wind type wind power generation facility comprising a tower that supports the nacelle at the top, and wherein the rotor is located on the leeward side of the tower,
    A heat exchanger that cools the cooling medium from the generator by exchanging heat with outside air is provided in the nacelle located on the windward side of the rotor, and the heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger body, the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger. A wind power generator comprising an intake-side duct and an exhaust-side duct connected to the exchanger body, wherein the intake port of the intake-side duct is located on the windward side and the exhaust port of the exhaust duct is located on the leeward side Facility.
PCT/JP2012/051312 2012-01-23 2012-01-23 Wind power generating equipment WO2013111259A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

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PCT/JP2012/051312 WO2013111259A1 (en) 2012-01-23 2012-01-23 Wind power generating equipment
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CN108612632A (en) * 2018-07-05 2018-10-02 国电联合动力技术有限公司 Wind turbine gearbox heat exchange mechanisms and wind power generating set containing the mechanism
US11831226B2 (en) 2019-01-10 2023-11-28 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Cooling of electrical generators in wind turbines

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