Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L41/00—Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls
  • F16L41/02—Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L41/00—Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls
  • F16L41/02—Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted
  • F16L41/03—Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted comprising junction pieces for four or more pipe members
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
  • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
  • G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
  • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/8593—Systems
  • Y10T137/85938—Non-valved flow dividers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for the separation of a fluid mass flow, in particular for use in a nuclear facility.
• Such devices are usually formed as subsegments of piping forming Mehrwegverteilern and are used to separate in pipelines conducted liquid, gas or vapor streams (fluid mass flows) from each other and split into a plurality of sub-streams. In a corresponding manner, they can also be used to combine separate partial flows when the flow conditions are reversed.
• piping systems with such distributors are used in the water circuits, for example in the primary reactor cooling circuit or in the turbine circuits, in particular 3-way distributors.
• pressure and temperature can reach high levels or the water can be mixed with ions or with radioactive solid particles so that the piping systems as a whole, and in the piping systems in particular the manifolds, are subjected to high stresses under which they will be tight in the long term have to work very reliably.
• a cross piece represents a known and standard design for a 3-way distributor.
• a fluid mass flow flowing in through an end piece of the cross piece is distributed over the remaining three end pieces while the flow direction remains the same. via which the separated partial flows flow off.
• the mass ratio of the partial flows is set essentially by the ratios of the pipe diameter of the end pieces and by the angle between the end pieces and further by the pressure losses in the pipes of the three partial streams.
• a cross piece is usually welded together from several pipe end pieces.
• the welds must therefore be made very stable.
• investigations are required at defined intervals to check the condition of the welds.
• An object of the invention is thus to provide a device with which a mass flow of fluid - especially in a nuclear plant - can be separated into partial streams with a predetermined mass flow ratio, the mass flow ratio of the partial streams under variable pressure, temperature, and velocity distributions is as constant as possible in the fluid mass flow. Furthermore, the aim is for the substreams to be as stable and tur- low bulzarm, so that the device is exposed to the lowest possible loads, thus is as reliable as possible and low-maintenance in safety-critical environment, can be used in a nuclear facility.
• a particular challenge is the task of designing the flow separation so that it does not come to fluctuating or oscillating partial streams, but that each partial flow remains stable over time.
• an apparatus for separating a mass flow of fluid in particular for use in a nuclear installation, having a primary end piece for carrying out the fluid mass flow and having a plurality of secondary end pieces for carrying out a plurality of separate part flows of the mass flow of fluid, wherein a number of separation elements is provided in the area within the primary end piece, and each of the sub-areas defined by the separation element or the separation elements opens in a secondary end uniquely associated with the sub-area.
• the invention is based on the consideration that the fluid mass flow in the non-detaching, quasi-laminar region of the flow field, in which there is a relatively homogeneous velocity field and no cross-sectional blockages, is geometrically separated with the aid of separation elements, so that the partial flows are instantaneous arise in the predetermined by the separation element or the separation elements sub-areas and continue from there to interacting and passed into the respective end pieces (so-called hydraulic decoupling).
• hydraulic decoupling the flow in the vicinity of the division is not disturbed, so that a largely homogeneous and trouble-free division of the total mass flow into a plurality of part streams is possible.
• a plurality of fluid mass flows can be combined to form a total mass flow.
• the separating element or the separating elements cause the different partial flows to flow together only at a location where they are guided essentially parallel to one another.
• the mutual influencing of the partial flows is thereby reduced, so that less instabilities occur in the flow field of the total mass flow in the area of the merging than during the merger with the aid of a crosspiece.
• the number of subregions is equal to the number of secondary end pieces.
• each sub-mass flow is assigned exactly one secondary end piece of the device into which the respective sub-mass flow is directed.
• the device has an excellent axis of symmetry.
• a symmetry axis is preferably identical to the central longitudinal axis of the primary end piece.
• the device with the secondary end pieces preferably has a discrete symmetry with respect to rotations of the device about this axis of symmetry.
• the device looks identical to the device during a rotation about the axis of symmetry from an initial position by an integer fraction of 360 ° as in the starting position.
• the axis of symmetry lies in a plane of symmetry with respect to which the device is mirror-symmetrical.
• the device is designed as a 3-way distributor.
• a 3-way distributor has three secondary end pieces, wherein generally at least two of the secondary end pieces are formed substantially the same.
• one of the secondary end pieces is formed in continuation of the primary end piece, so that the axis of symmetry of the device and the central longitudinal axis of the primary end piece also represents the central longitudinal axis of this secondary end piece.
• the other two end pieces are substantially similarly shaped and arranged opposite each other with respect to the axis of symmetry, so that the device as a whole has a 180 ° rotational symmetry or a mirror symmetry.
• At least one end piece is designed in the form of a guide tube.
• the primary end piece and / or at least one secondary end piece can be designed in the form of a guide tube.
• the primary end piece and the secondary end pieces are designed in the form of guide tubes, which are each provided for a suitable connection, each with a suitable pipeline.
• the or each guide tube preferably has a smooth curvature. It follows, in particular, that no flow disturbing corners, edges and protrusions are embossed on the respective guide tube, and / or that the guide tube does not branch off from another tube without a continuous adaptation of the shape, in contrast to the configuration usually existing in a crosspiece.
• a corner or edge or generally a discontinuous change in shape of the surface, flows preferentially dissipate, and the flow Field of flow in an area around the respective corner or edge or discontinuous change in shape shows a transient behavior with detachment / turbulence and is lossy.
• micro turbulences may be desirable, for example by targeted surface structuring on the inside of the or each guide tube, since such microturbulences form a characteristic boundary layer between a laminar flow field and an interface - in this case the inner surface of the membrane Guide tube - can suppress, whereby a transmission of flow forces on the tube compared to the laminar boundary layer can be further reduced.
• microturbulences are essentially limited to the immediate boundary region of the flow to the tube inner surface, so that the entire flow field of the fluid mass flow is essentially laminar.
• the targeted production of microturbulences for reducing dissipation forces in the boundary region between flows and boundary surfaces by microstructuring the respective surface is also known as the sharkskin effect.
• At least one separating element is expediently designed in the form of an inner guide tube arranged concentrically with the primary end piece.
• the ratio of the cross section of the primary end piece and the cross section of the inner guide tube with respect to a cross-sectional plane orthogonal to the axis of symmetry regulates the ratio of the partial mass flows which are separated from the total fluid mass flow.
• the inner guide tube forms a secondary end piece.
• the separation element is formed directly as part of this secondary end piece.
• the partial flow of the fluid mass flow which is guided parallel to the axis of symmetry, thus becomes derived within the inner guide tube.
• the other partial flows of the fluid mass flow are conducted around the inner guide tube and branched off at a suitable position from the axis of symmetry in different directions.
• At least one separating element is designed in the form of a separating fin.
• a separating fin constitutes a substantially planar surface segment, wherein the surface segment is aligned substantially parallel to the main flow direction of the total mass flow of fluid.
• the dividing fin may be continuously curved and / or the orientation of the dividing fin may be inclined to the main flow direction of the total fluid mass flow, so that, similar to a fixed turbine blade, the flow field is continuously increasing in rotational motion is, and that with appropriate shaping of the sub-regions defined by the separation element, the partial flows open with a turn with respect.
• the separating fin or dividing fins are arranged between the primary end piece and the inner guide tube. In this way, with a plurality of separating fins, the area between the inner wall of the primary end piece and the inner guide tube in - advantageously equally large - sectors are divided.
• the inner guide tube concentrically arranged to the primary end piece and forming a first secondary end piece encloses the axis of symmetry, and two separating fins are provided opposite one another with respect to the symmetry axis, and the two with respect to a cross-sectional plane orthogonal to the symmetry axis in the region of the primary end portion semicircular portions open into two similar and with respect to the axis of symmetry opposite each other arranged secondary end pieces.
• This latter embodiment forms a 3-way manifold, wherein the guided through the two similar secondary end portions mass flows of the total fluid mass flow are substantially equal and the size of these partial mass flows respectively through the product of one of the cross-sectional areas of the semicircular portions and the flow rate of the fluid mass flow is determined.
• the size of the partial flow of the mass flow of fluid guided parallel to the axis of symmetry is determined by the product of the cross-sectional area of the inner guide tube in the region of the primary end piece and by the flow velocity of the fluid mass flow.
• the inner diameter of the tubular primary end piece assumes a value in the region of the separating fins substantially between 500 mm and 600 mm, and / or takes the inner diameter of the inner guide tube in the region of the primary end piece a value substantially between 180 mm and 200 mm, and / or assumes the inner diameter of the inner guide tube in the end region opposite the region of the primary end a value substantially between 180 mm and 300 mm, and / or takes the inner diameter of the similar secondary end pieces a value between 300 mm and 400 mm.
• Advantageous embodiments of the device relate to their formation as a one-piece molding or their composition of a plurality of integrally formed moldings.
• the device is designed as a one-piece molded part.
• Such an integrally formed molded part is preferably produced in one casting and is therefore particularly robust and thus requires very little maintenance.
• an integrally formed molding has no
• the device is composed of a plurality of integrally formed moldings.
• one-piece moldings are characterized by a particularly high degree of robustness and stability, however, the production of the device in one piece with a high complexity of shaping can be complicated and correspondingly expensive, so that a composition of the device is formed from a plurality of one-piece, but in each case may be preferred in less complex shaped moldings.
• the device in the form of a 3-way distributor this is composed of an inner guide tube and an outer branch pipe, wherein the inner guide tube is guided through a recess in the manifold by the branch pipe, and wherein the Recess.
• the separating fins are preferably firmly connected to the guide tube and / or to the pipe branch and are connected, for example, in rail-shaped recesses in the pipe branch or in the guide pipe to the pipe branch or to the guide pipe.
• a screw, plug and / or bayonet connection is expediently provided for a connection of at least two of the integrally formed moldings.
• the advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that a guided in a central pipeline fluid mass flow through the designed for a consistent hydraulic decoupling novel distribution geometry in a confined space loss in three temporally stable (constant) partial mass flows and divided into three separate pipes can be transferred.
• Generalizations to four-way or multi-way distributors are possible. Manufacturing technology can be dispensed with in the manufacture of this distributor welding.
• One possible field of application lies in particular in boiling water reactors with ex- ternerkulturwasserschleife, where due to the lower temporal fluctuations in the distributor lower fluctuations in the core throughput and thus in the thermal performance can be achieved.
• the invention relates to a device also referred to as pipe branching or 3- (or more) -way manifold for separating a primary fluid mass flow or short fluid flow into at least three separate secondary streams with a primary end piece in shape a substantially straight pipe / pipe section, which branches in the direction of flow of the primary fluid flow in at least two, preferably outlet side mutually applied pipe bends, each merging into secondary end pieces, with a substantially straight separation tube (also referred to above as the inner guide tube), which is passed through the branch formed by the pipe bends and having an inner portion which projects in the manner of a nested arrangement to form an annular gap in the primary end piece, and seen in the flow direction in asistedabs passes, which forms a further secondary end piece, so that viewed in the cross section of the primary end portion central portion of the primary fluid flow flows substantially without directional deflection in the separation tube and flows through it, and that the remaining, the annular cross-section of the annular gap associated outer portion of the primary Fluid flow
• the separation tube is preferably arranged concentrically to the primary end piece and engages with its open at the end of the inner section into the primary end piece. Furthermore, a number of arranged in the annular gap, radially projecting from the separation tube and extending in its longitudinal direction separating fins for separating the entering into the pipe elbows partial streams is advantageously present from each other. In the case of two pipe bends pointing in opposite directions on the outlet side, there are two such separating fins, preferably at opposite circumferential points of the separation pipe.
• the pipe bends are arranged in the circumferential direction of the primary end piece substantially in the manner of a common division of a full circle.
• the axes of the adjoining secondary end pieces are preferably substantially in one plane.
• each of the pipe bends has a bend angle in the range of 30 ° to 120 °, preferably approximately 90 °.
• the separation tube in the region of the passage / puncture is sealed off by the branching with respect to the tube walls enclosing the tube bends. That is, the edge of the corresponding recess in the tube walls is preferably without gaps on the separation tube.
• FIG. 1 shows a device for separating a fluid mass flow perspective view
• FIG. 2 shows the device according to FIG. 1 in a lateral plan view
• FIG. 3 again the device of FIG. 1 in a perspective view, with exemplary geometric characteristics
• FIG. 4 is a sketch showing the structure of the device according to FIG. 1 illustrates in an alternative way
• FIG. FIG. 5 shows the same perspective illustration of the device according to FIG. 1, but with additional reference numerals.
• FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 Same parts in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 are provided with the same reference numerals. These reference numerals are also shown in FIG. 5, but with reference to an alternative linguistic characterization of the invention additional reference numerals are used.
• a device 1 also referred to as distributor, for separating a mass flow of fluid M 0 is shown in perspective.
• the device 1 comprises a tapered inner guide tube 2, which is concentrically enclosed at the narrower end of a tubular primary end piece 3.
• the primary end piece 3 is connected to two similarly shaped and with respect to the inner guide tube 2 opposite each other arranged secondary end pieces 4, so that the primary end piece 3 with the two secondary end pieces 4 forms a branch pipe 5.
• the inner guide tube forms a further secondary end piece 6.
• the inner guide tube 2 is led out through a precisely fitting, tightly sealed at the edge opening 7 of the manifold 5.
• the symmetry axis X of the device 1 corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the inner guide tube 2 and the longitudinal axis of the primary end piece 3. Due to the arrangement of the two similarly shaped secondary end pieces 4, the device 1 in the embodiment is symmetrical with respect to a rotation about the axis of symmetry X by 180 °.
• the two similar shaped secondary end pieces 4 may alternatively have slightly mutually inclined central axes, thus need not necessarily point in the circumferential direction of the primary end piece 3 in exactly opposite directions.
• each separating fin 8 is formed opposite each other with respect to the axis of symmetry X, each separating fin 8 forming a substantially right angle with each of the similarly shaped secondary end pieces 4 with respect to a cross-sectional plane orthogonal to the axis of symmetry X.
• the lateral surface of the inner guide tube 2 in the region of the primary end piece 3 and the two separating fins 8 define three partial regions V ; V 2 , V 3 within the primary end piece 3, wherein the first portion V is formed in cross-section substantially semi-annular and concentrically encloses the inner guide tube 2 concentrically, the second portion V 2 is the cylindrical inner volume of the inner guide tube, and the third portion V 3 corresponds to the shape of the first subregion V and is arranged opposite the first subregion V.
• Each portion Vi, V 2 , V 3 opens into one of the secondary end pieces 4, 6, 4 respectively.
• the inner guide tube 2 has a continuously increasing diameter from one end side in the region of the primary end piece 3 toward the other end side of the secondary end piece 6, thereby assuming a slightly conical shape.
• the pipe branch 5 has a substantially uniformly curved profile and therefore in particular has no flow-breaking edges.
• FIG. FIG. 2 shows in a lateral projection the device 1 according to FIG. 1 .
• the fluid mass flow M 0 flowing into the device 1 in the region of the primary end piece 3 is symbolically indicated by arrows.
• the partial mass flows formed in the portions Vi, V 2, V 3 Mi, M 2, M 3 are derived in separate directions to respectively a secondary tail:
• the partial mass flow M 2 X discharged through the inner guide tube 2 parallel to the symmetry axis and thus the secondary Supplied end 6;
• the other two partial mass flows Mi, M 3 are derived within the manifold 5 around the inner guide tube 2 and about the secondary end pieces 4.
• the flow field of the partial mass flows Mi, M 2 , M 3 remains substantially without stripping areas.
• the geometric parameters of the device 1 can vary widely.
• the diameter D1 of the narrow end of the inner guide tube 2 for example, about 190 mm
• the diameter D2 at the outer wide end of the guide tube 2 about 290 mm
• the diameter D3 of the primary end piece 3 is approximately 530 mm
• the diameter D4 of the two secondary end pieces 4 in the region of their outlet openings is approximately 350 mm in each case.
• the radius of curvature R of the two pipe bends extending between the primary end piece 3 and the respective secondary end piece 4 is approximately 600 mm. From FIG.
• the device 1 can be constructed as follows: Two preferably identical pipe bends 9 are each cut parallel to the central axis M through one of its end-side openings along the cutting edge S. Furthermore, a matching recess A for the guide tube 2 is introduced into the remaining part of the respective pipe bend 9. The remaining parts of the pipe bends 9 are then brought together in the manner shown by directional arrows and connected / joined together at the cutting edges S. Furthermore, the guide tube 2 is introduced into the recess A and fixed there in the end position. Finally, not shown here, precisely contoured separating fins are used in the composite and fixed. The joints between pipe bends 9, guide tube 2 and the separating fins are gap-free and sealed against each other.
• a corresponding 4-way distributor with a straight inner guide tube and with three out of a common primary end piece (inlet opening) resulting outwardly bent pipe bends could be formed, which preferably in the manner of an equal division of the full 360 ° angle in each case at 120 ° -Winkelabstand would be arranged to each other.
• three dividing fins should be provided.
• the inner guide tube does not necessarily have to be conical. It could instead have a constant inner cross section.
• the broad end could be located within the primary end piece and the narrow end could protrude out of the manifold to the outside.
• FIG. 5 The drawing in FIG. 5 is identical to the drawing in FIG. 1 .
• the inner guide tube 2 of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 5 has been referred to alternatively as a separation tube 10.
• the annular gap 13 between the inner portion 12 of the separation tube 10 and the branching in the branch 1 1 on the two pipe bends 9 primary end piece 3 was identified there.
• the upwardly emerging from the branch 1 1 section of the separation tube 10 was labeled as outer portion 14.
• At its lower, in the primary end piece 3 in the projecting end of the separation tube 10 has an inlet opening 15.
• the primary end piece 3 forming pipe section will generally further deviating from the drawing even further down and in the axial direction beyond the edge of the inlet opening 15 of the separation tube 10 beyond.
• the secondary end pieces 4 and 6 can also be pulled further outwards.
• the dividing fins 8 can protrude down beyond the edge of the inlet opening 15 or alternatively have a lower edge arranged further above, so that in the latter case the separation tube 10 protrudes downward beyond the separating fins 8.
• further piping to the end pieces 3, 4 and 6 may be connected or formed.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
• Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
• Pipe Accessories (AREA)
• Cyclones (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=47428561

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (11)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 2012
  • 2012-01-26 DE DE201210201129 patent/DE102012201129A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-11-13 ES ES201390091A patent/ES2536220B2/es not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
  • 2012-11-13 JP JP2014553637A patent/JP2015512014A/ja active Pending
  • 2012-11-13 WO PCT/EP2012/072510 patent/WO2013110370A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2012-11-13 CH CH01643/13A patent/CH706529B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2013
  • 2013-12-06 US US14/099,172 patent/US20140090730A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events