WO2013099787A1 - 生体模擬ファントムおよび校正装置 - Google Patents
生体模擬ファントムおよび校正装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013099787A1 WO2013099787A1 PCT/JP2012/083191 JP2012083191W WO2013099787A1 WO 2013099787 A1 WO2013099787 A1 WO 2013099787A1 JP 2012083191 W JP2012083191 W JP 2012083191W WO 2013099787 A1 WO2013099787 A1 WO 2013099787A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phantom
- ultrasonic
- denaturation
- indicator
- protein
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 19
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 claims description 11
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 108010058846 Ovalbumin Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000006395 Globulins Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010044091 Globulins Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 31
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 11
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 108010071390 Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102000007562 Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229940092253 ovalbumin Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010034203 Pectus Carinatum Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046798 Uterine leiomyoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029777 axis specification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003412 degenerative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002674 endoscopic surgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002357 laparoscopic surgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010260 leiomyoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007674 radiofrequency ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
- A61N7/02—Localised ultrasound hyperthermia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00681—Aspects not otherwise provided for
- A61B2017/00707—Dummies, phantoms; Devices simulating patient or parts of patient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00681—Aspects not otherwise provided for
- A61B2017/00725—Calibration or performance testing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a phantom that displays a treatment area of an ultrasonic wave irradiated from an ultrasonic device used for measurement, diagnosis, treatment, and the like, and a device that calibrates the ultrasonic device.
- HIFU high intensity focused ultrasound
- the ultrasonic generator since the ultrasonic generator is not in contact with the treatment site, it is necessary to monitor the site where the treatment is performed by an image diagnostic device or the like. In order to perform selective treatment more reliably, in addition to monitoring, a treatment plan is made in advance, an appropriate amount of ultrasound is irradiated to the treatment site, and an inappropriately large amount of ultrasound is applied to other than the treatment site. It is also important to control so that sound waves are not irradiated.
- An important step in treatment planning in ultrasound treatment is to check whether the device that has been set for treatment works as expected. Such confirmation can be performed using an ultrasonic phantom (biological model) that can be used to simulate the living body and display the degree and range of the biological effects caused by the irradiation of ultrasonic waves before being applied to the human body. The purpose is achieved by irradiating sound waves and observing and analyzing the results.
- ultrasonic phantom biological model
- ultrasonic phantom not only the ultrasonic energy itself but the one that visualizes the secondary action caused by the ultrasonic wave is mainly used.
- a soluble protein is used as an indicator, and a temperature increase due to ultrasonic irradiation is detected.
- protein when protein is thermally denatured, it coagulates and the molecules aggregate together, so that the scattering intensity becomes larger than before denaturation and optical changes occur, in particular, whitening occurs. .
- albumin forms an aggregate, but such an aggregate is in a quasi-denatured state and is more easily denatured than albumin alone when the temperature rises due to ultrasonic irradiation or the like.
- the effect of facilitating protein denaturation by ultrasonic irradiation is particularly remarkable in Tris.
- the protein solution in which the aggregates are formed has a higher turbidity than that in which the protein is completely dissolved, which causes a problem when preparing a phantom having a particularly large size.
- the protein in the state of such an aggregate works as the nucleus of the acoustic cavitation described below, but the nucleus is scattered due to the existence of the site where the aggregate is present and the site where the aggregate is not present in the phantom. As a result, there is a problem that denaturation does not occur uniformly in the phantom. Furthermore, since Tris or lower alcohol is a low molecule, it has the property of easily slipping through the mesh of the hydrogel, which is the base material of the biomimetic phantom, so that it easily leaks out of the phantom. is there.
- the component concentration may change over time, and the characteristics of the phantom may change. Is expensive.
- the acoustic cavitation is a phenomenon in which minute bubbles are generated from an object serving as a nucleus generated by ultrasonic irradiation of a liquid, a living body, and the like, grow by ultrasonic vibration, and finally collapse.
- the living body simulation phantom in the present invention is an indicator that denatures due to temperature rise and simulates an ultrasonic treatment effect, and is a component different from the indicator, and serves as a core of cavitation at the time of ultrasonic irradiation. And a denaturation sensitivity control agent that assists in raising and denaturing the indicator.
- the degree of optical change caused by ultrasonic irradiation, the optical transparency before ultrasonic irradiation, and the degree of acting as a cavitation nucleus during ultrasonic irradiation are controlled independently. Therefore, the intensity of the ultrasonic therapy apparatus can be calibrated more stably than before. Furthermore, according to the phantom of the present invention, the phantom can be taken out of the container and directly adhered to the ultrasonic irradiation device. There are few restrictions on usage.
- a high molecular compound in which the turbidity at a wavelength of 600 nm when dispersed in pure water and in the vicinity of neutrality is 0.001 or more and 0.1 or less per cm when dispersed at 1 gram per liter is used. It is included as a denaturation sensitivity control agent.
- the polymer compound used as the denaturation sensitivity control agent is preferably a protein having low solubility in water or a protein whose solubility in water has been reduced by pretreatment. More specifically, it has been found that ovalbumin, milk albumin, and globulins in general, which are less soluble in water than serum albumin, meet this purpose. It was also found that water-soluble proteins that had been previously heat-treated, sonicated, or irradiated with radiation were suitable for this purpose, regardless of their solubility in water.
- test examples and examples of the present invention will be specifically described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- the effect of generating cavitation when the substance was dispersed in water and irradiated with ultrasonic waves was measured.
- the acrylic water tank 1 is filled with deaerated water 2 and the water temperature is maintained at 37 ° C. by a water temperature controller and a thermometer (not shown).
- the sample 101 is dispersed in water and placed in a polyethylene bag having a thickness of 0.03 mm, and fixed to the focal position of the converging ultrasonic transducer 5 by the holder 4.
- the transducer 5 is connected to a waveform generator 6 and a signal amplifier 7. Further, in order to confirm the position of the sample 101, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 8 and the diagnostic probe 9 are disposed in water. Further, an acoustic signal generated from the sample 101 by ultrasonic irradiation is measured by the underwater microphone 100 and stored by the oscilloscope 102.
- the waveform generator 6, the ultrasound diagnostic device 8, and the oscilloscope 102 are connected to the control computer 11 so that the acoustic signal captured by the underwater microphone 100 is captured in synchronization with the ultrasound irradiation from the waveform generator 6. It is set.
- FIG. 10 shows the signal intensity captured by the underwater microphone 100 as an index of cavitation intensity by changing the sample concentration using turbidity at a wavelength of 600 nm as an index.
- the sample titanium oxide fine particles, egg albumin, milk albumin, blood globulin, and serum albumin treated with an ultrasonic washing machine for 2 minutes were used. From the figure, it can be seen that acoustic signals are returned from those other than titanium oxide and act as cavitation nuclei. Furthermore, it can be seen that the effect can be obtained when the turbidity is 0.001 or more in samples other than titanium oxide.
- each sample was adjusted to 2 cm in thickness, and a chicken breast piece cut into a 1 cm cubic size was placed behind the sample to check if the shape could be determined, and the turbidity was 0.1 or less per 1 cm In this case, it was found that the shape of the chicken breast pieces could be clearly determined.
- the denaturation indicator in the present invention are serum albumin having a concentration of about 10%, and the denaturation region is not mottled so that the concentration of the denaturation sensitivity control agent is 1/10 or less of the denaturation indicator. Considering that it is desirable, the concentration of the denaturation sensitivity control agent is preferably about 1% or less. From this, it can be seen that the modified sensitivity control agent in the present invention desirably has a turbidity at a wavelength of 600 nm of 0.001 or more and 0.1 or less when dispersed at 10 grams per liter.
- serum albumin is used as a denaturing indicator that denatures by raising the temperature and simulates the effect of ultrasonic therapy, and ovalbumin becomes the core of cavitation during ultrasonic irradiation, and the denaturation sensitivity that controls the temperature rise and the denaturing sensitivity of the indicator.
- the acrylic water tank 1 is filled with deaerated water 2 and the water temperature is maintained at 37 ° C. or 25 ° C. by a water temperature controller and a thermometer (not shown).
- the living body simulated phantom 3 or the control phantom prepared according to the above-mentioned phantom preparation method (1) is placed in a polyethylene bag having a thickness of 0.03 mm, and is brought into the focal position of the converging ultrasonic transducer 5 by the holder 4. Fix it.
- the transducer 5 is connected to a waveform generator 6 and a signal amplifier 7.
- the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 8 and the diagnostic probe 9 are disposed in water. Furthermore, a camera 10 for observing optical changes of the phantom due to ultrasonic irradiation is arranged at a position where an image of the phantom 3 can be acquired.
- the waveform generator 6, the ultrasonic diagnostic device 8, and the camera 10 are connected to the control computer 11, and are set so that the image of the camera 10 is captured in synchronization with the ultrasonic irradiation from the waveform generator 6. .
- FIG. 3 shows a binarized image by the above processing method (3) -2). It can be seen that the focal point of the ultrasound is white like football. This is the denatured region.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a result obtained by calculating this denatured region in the unit of cubic millimeters by the above processing method (3) and obtaining the dependence on the ultrasonic intensity.
- the result of a phantom encapsulating ovalbumin which is a denaturation sensitivity control agent
- the result of a control phantom not having the denaturation sensitivity control agent are shown together.
- the effect of the denaturation sensitivity control agent is remarkable.
- the maximum intensity at which denaturation does not occur is 600 W / cm 2
- the intensity decreases to 200 W / cm 2.
- the denaturation region becomes large when the denaturation sensitivity control agent is contained at any intensity.
- the denaturation sensitivity control agent is contained at any intensity.
- the volume is denatured.
- the larger the volume the easier the visual confirmation and the smaller the error in quantification, so the effect of the phantom encapsulating the denaturation sensitivity control agent is clear from FIG.
- the same experiment was performed by changing the ultrasonic frequency from 1 to 6 MHz, and the ultrasonic intensity required for denaturation can be reduced by coexisting a denaturation sensitivity control agent, as in FIG. It was found that the higher the ultrasonic intensity, the more the denatured region tends to increase.
- the denaturation sensitivity control agent shows an effect when the turbidity shown in FIG. 10 is 0.001 or more, in order to ensure the optical transparency of a phantom and the uniformity of modification
- ⁇ Test Example 2 Effect of irradiating ultrasonic waves with changing sound intensity (examination at room temperature)
- a study was performed at room temperature, assuming use in a simple configuration without heating the phantom.
- a phantom was prepared according to the gel preparation method (1) described above.
- a convergent ultrasonic transducer having a diameter of 48 mm and an F number of 1.0 is brought into close contact, and the acoustic intensity is changed from 0 to 1200 W / cm 2 to exceed 1.1 MHz.
- the sound wave was irradiated for 15 seconds.
- FIG. 1 convergent ultrasonic transducer having a diameter of 48 mm and an F number of 1.0
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the result of calculating the denatured region in the unit of cubic millimeters by the above processing method (3) and obtaining the dependence on the ultrasonic intensity.
- the results of the phantom encapsulating ovalbumin, a denaturation sensitivity control agent, the control phantom without the denaturation sensitivity control agent, and the control phantom without the denaturation sensitivity control agent were heated to 37 ° C. The results of performing are also shown.
- the effect of the denaturation sensitivity control agent is remarkable even at room temperature (25 ° C.).
- the ultrasonic intensity required for denaturation is significantly increased from 800 W / cm 2 to 400 W / cm 2 of the control phantom (25 ° C.). It can be seen that it has dropped.
- denaturation is performed, in any intensity
- the volume is about 4.5 times larger than the control phantom (25 ° C.) without the sensitivity control agent.
- denaturation sensitivity control agent shows an effect when the turbidity shown in FIG. 10 is 0.001 or more, in order to ensure the optical transparency of a phantom and the uniformity of modification
- Example 3 The serum albumin concentration was changed in order to confirm that the size of the effect-denaturing region when the indicator concentration was changed and irradiated with ultrasonic waves could be controlled by changing the concentration of the indicator.
- a phantom was prepared according to the above-described phantom preparation method (1). Using the experimental system shown in FIG. 2, in a state where this phantom is kept at 37 ° C. or 25 ° C., a convergent ultrasonic transducer having a diameter of 48 mm and an F number of 1.0 is brought into close contact, and the acoustic intensity is fixed to 800 W / cm 2. . 1 MHz ultrasonic wave was irradiated for 15 seconds.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the result of calculating the denatured region in the unit of cubic millimeters by the above processing method (3) and determining the dependency on the albumin concentration in the phantom.
- FIG. 6 shows that the effect of the denaturation accelerator is changed depending on the albumin concentration. At both 37 ° C. and 25 ° C., the higher the albumin concentration, the larger the denatured region. From this result, it can be seen that the phantom in the present invention can change the denatured region in accordance with the characteristics of the site to be simulated.
- the same experiment was performed by changing the ultrasonic frequency from 1 to 6 MHz, and the effect of increasing the size of the denaturation region as the albumin concentration was increased as in FIG. 6 was confirmed. Furthermore, the same was true when blood globulin or ultrasonically denatured serum albumin was used as the denaturation sensitivity control agent.
- denaturation sensitivity control agent shows an effect when the turbidity shown in FIG. 10 is 0.001 or more, in order to ensure the optical transparency of a phantom and the uniformity of modification
- FIG. 7 is a view showing an outer frame of the phantom. It consists of an outer frame main body 14, an ultrasonic irradiation acoustic window 15, an ultrasonic irradiation result observation window 16, and an ultrasonic antireflection layer 17.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the phantom body. It consists of three components, a bubble mixing phantom 18-1, a liquid mixing phantom 18-2, and a solid mixing phantom 18-3, and each is prepared in close contact. When the phantom is used, the phantom body prepared according to the phantom preparation method (1) is enclosed in the outer frame shown in FIG.
- the ultrasonic irradiation source to be evaluated When used as a phantom, the ultrasonic irradiation source to be evaluated is brought into close contact with the ultrasonic irradiation acoustic window 15 and irradiated with ultrasonic waves, and the result is observed through the ultrasonic irradiation result observation window 16.
- the ultrasonic wave can be irradiated by putting the phantom and the ultrasonic irradiation source in a water tank.
- the space between the ultrasonic irradiation acoustic window 16 and the ultrasonic irradiation source can be filled with an acoustic coupling agent such as an acoustic jelly for irradiation.
- a homogeneous phantom is prepared, but the characteristics of the phantom used in the outer frame shown in FIG. 8 do not necessarily have to be uniform. For example, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to use phantoms simulating different parts in the living body in the same frame, such as using a bubble mixing phantom 18-1, a liquid mixing phantom 18-2, and a solid mixing phantom 18-3. . Furthermore, in addition to the phantom, an absorption or scatterer for preventing the ultrasonic wave irradiated to the phantom from returning to or reflecting from the irradiation source can be arranged in the outer frame shown in FIG. .
- the calibration apparatus for an ultrasonic therapy apparatus includes a phantom holding unit 19, a temperature adjustment unit 20, a temperature adjustment control unit 21, a phantom imaging unit 22, a device control unit 23, and an interface unit 24 with a treatment apparatus. .
- the phantom holding unit 9 is configured to hold a phantom as shown in FIG. 7 and irradiate ultrasonic waves.
- the temperature adjustment unit 20 is configured to control the temperature of the phantom placed in the phantom holding unit 19 in the range of 20 ° C. to 40 ° C., and is controlled by the temperature adjustment control unit 21.
- the phantom photographing unit 22 is configured to photograph the entire phantom, and the photographing result is transferred to the apparatus control unit 23.
- the device control unit 23 controls the temperature adjustment control unit 20 and the phantom imaging unit 22, holds the phantom image captured by the phantom imaging unit 22, and can perform image processing such as binarization, difference, and superposition. It is configured as follows.
- the interface unit 24 with the treatment device is connected to the treatment device, receives a condition of the ultrasonic wave to be received from the treatment device, transfers the condition to the device control unit 23, a degeneration region of the phantom after the ultrasonic irradiation, a degeneration center position, etc. It has a function of receiving information about the phantom from the apparatus control unit 23 and transferring it to the treatment apparatus.
- the following procedure is taken when implementing the calibration apparatus in the present embodiment.
- conditions such as an irradiation position of treatment ultrasonic waves and an irradiation time at each point are determined.
- ultrasonic irradiation is performed under exactly the same conditions as the treatment using the calibration apparatus according to the present invention including a phantom adapted to the form and properties of the affected area. If the degenerative region is within the assumed range, treatment is started, and if not, maintenance is performed for abnormality of the treatment device.
Abstract
Description
なお、音響キャビテーションとは、液体・生体等への超音波照射により生成する、核となる物体から微小な気泡が生成し、超音波振動により成長し、最終的に圧壊する現象である。
以下の作業は全て4℃において行った。牛血清アルブミン15%を含む水溶液86.5mlと卵白アルブミン0.1%を分散させた純水5mlをアクリルアミド40%溶液(アクリルアミド:ビスアクリルアミド=39:1)25mlとをよく混合し、脱気した後、直方体型容器に流し込む。スターラーにてゆるやかに攪拌しながら、過硫酸アンモウム10%溶液5mlおよびN,N,N',N'-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン5mlをすばやく添加し、均一に混ざったら、攪拌を停止し、スターラーバーを除去して直方体容器にカバーをして20分間放置する。以上の操作により、ほぼ透明なゲルを調製し生体模擬ファントムとして使用した。また、卵白アルブミンを含まないゲルを調製し、対照ファントムとして使用した。
以降に示す試験は、図2に示す実験系を用いて行ったものである。アクリル製の水槽1に脱気水2を満たし、図示されない水温調整器および温度計によって水温を37℃あるいは25℃に保つ。この水槽の中に、上述のファントム調製法(1)に従って調製した生体模擬ファントム3あるいは対照ファントムを厚さ0.03mmのポリエチレン袋に入れた状態でホルダー4により収束超音波トランスデューサ5の焦点位置に固定する。トランスデューサ5は波形発生器6および信号増幅器7と接続されている。また、ファントム3の位置を確認するために、超音波診断装置8および診断プローブ9が水中に配置されている。さらに、超音波照射によるファントムの光学的変化を観察するためのカメラ10がファントム3の映像を取得できる位置に配置されている。波形発生装置6、超音波診断装置8、およびカメラ10は制御用コンピュータ11と接続されており、波形発生装置6からの超音波照射に同期してカメラ10の映像が取り込まれるよう設定されてある。
以降に示す試験におけるファントム中の変性領域の算出は以下の手順により行った。
(動画からの静止画の切り出し)
・AVI形式で記録された動画の中から超音波照射中の部分を選択し、さらにそれらをグレースケールに変換した後、BMP形式の静止画群に切り出す。
(差分像作成および二値化)
・1)にて得られた各静止画の各ピクセル輝度から、超音波照射の輝度を差し引いた差分像を作成し、さらに、予備検討により求めた閾値よりも高い輝度差分を有するピクセルを白、それ以外のピクセルを黒とする二値化処理を行う。
(回転軸決定)
二値化処理を行った各画像のピクセル値を超音波の照射方向に積算し、最も高い値を示す部位を変性が生じた中心軸とする。
(積分処理)
上記中心軸を中心に、回転対称を仮定して積分処理を行う。なお、あらかじめ求めておいた隣接ピクセル間の画像内での実際の距離(ミリメータ単位)を適用することで、積分処理結果が立法ミリメータ単位となるようにする。
<試験例1>音響強度を変えて超音波を照射した際の効果
まず、上述のゲル調製法(1)に従ってファントムを調製した。図2に示す実験系を用い、37℃に保温した状態で、直径48mm、F数1.0の収束超音波トランスデューサを密着させ音響強度を0から1200W/cm2まで変化させて1.1MHzの超音波を15秒間照射した。超音波照射後ファントムの概観の一例を図3に示す。図3は、上記処理方法(3)-2)により二値化したものである。超音波の焦点部位がフットボール状に白くなっていることが分かる。これが変性領域である。この変性領域を上記処理方法(3)により立法ミリメータ単位で算出し、超音波強度に対する依存性を求めた結果の一例を図4に示す。図中、変性感度制御剤である卵白アルブミンを封入したファントムの結果と変性感度制御剤を有しない対照ファントムの結果とを併せて示してある。図4によれば、変性感度制御剤の効果は顕著である。対照ファントムにおいては、変性が生じない最大強度は600W/cm2であるのに対し、変性促進剤を含む場合には、200W/cm2まで低下している。さらに、変性に必要な強度以上の超音波照射を行うと、いずれの強度においても変性感度制御剤が入っている場合には変性領域が大きくなっており、例えば1200W/cm2の強度においては、約3.5倍の体積が変性している。体積が大きいほど、目視による確認が容易であると共に、定量化を行う際の誤差が小さくなることから、図4より変性感度制御剤を封入したファントムの効果は明らかである。なお、超音波周波数を1~6 MHzまで変化させて同様の実験を行い、図4と同様に、変性感度制御剤を共存させることで変性に必要な超音波強度を低下させることができ、また、超音波強度が高いほど変性領域が多くなる傾向を示すことがわかった。さらに、変性感度制御剤として乳アルブミン、血中グロブリン、超音波変性血清アルブミンを用いた場合にも同様であった。なお、変性感度制御剤は図10に示す濁度が0.001以上で効果を示すが、ファントムの光学的透明性および変性の均一性の確保のため、濁度が概ね0.1以下となる濃度で使用する。
ファントムの加温を行わない簡便な構成での使用を想定した、室温での検討を行った。まず、上述のゲル調製法(1)に従ってファントムを調製した。図2に示す実験系を用い、25℃に保温した状態で、直径48mm、F数1.0の収束超音波トランスデューサを密着させ音響強度を0から1200W/cm2まで変化させて1.1MHzの超音波を15秒間照射した。変性領域を上記処理方法(3)により立法ミリメータ単位で算出し、超音波強度に対する依存性を求めた結果の一例を図5示す。図中、変性感度制御剤である卵白アルブミンを封入したファントムの結果と変性感度制御剤を有しない対照ファントムの結果、さらには変性感度制御剤を有しない対照ファントムを37℃に加温して実験を行った場合の結果を併せて示してある。
変性領域の大きさを指示剤の濃度を変化させることで制御可能なことを確認するため、血清アルブミン濃度を変更して上述のファントム調製法(1)に従ってファントムを調製した。図2に示す実験系を用い、このファントムを37℃あるいは25℃に保温した状態で、直径48mm、F数1.0の収束超音波トランスデューサを密着させ音響強度を800W/cm2まで固定し、1.1MHzの超音波を15秒間照射した。変性領域を上記処理方法(3)により立法ミリメータ単位で算出し、ファントム中のアルブミン濃度に対する依存性を求めた結果の一例を図6に示す。
2 脱気水
3 生体模擬ファントム
4 ホルダー
5 収束超音波トランスデューサ
6 波形発生器
7 信号増幅器
8 超音波診断装置
9 診断プローブ
10 カメラ
11 制御用コンピュータ
14 ファントム外枠本体
15 音波照射用音響窓
16 超音波照射結果観察用窓
17 超音波反射防止層
18 外枠に封入される生体模擬ファントムの例
19 ファントム保持部
20 温度調整部
21 温度調整制御部
22 ファントム撮影部
23 装置制御部
24 治療装置とのインターフェース部
100 水中マイクロフォン
101 キャビテーション生成測定用サンプル
102 オシロスコープ
Claims (5)
- 温度上昇により変性し超音波治療効果を模擬する指示剤と、
前記指示剤と異なる成分から成り、超音波照射時にキャビテーションの核となり温度上昇および前記指示剤の変性を補助する変性感度制御剤と、
を含む、ことを特徴とする超音波治療用生体模擬ファントム。 - ハイドロゲルを母剤とし、タンパク変性指示薬および該指示薬と異なる成分であって、超音波照射時にタンパクの変性を促進する化合物を含むことを特徴とする超音波治療用生体模擬ファントム。
- 超音波照射時にタンパクの変性を促進する化合物が、波長600nmにおける濁度が、1リットルあたり10グラム分散させた場合に1cmあたり0.001以上0.1以下であるタンパクであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の超音波治療用生体模擬ファントム。
- 水に可溶化していない状態のタンパクが卵アルブミン、乳アルブミン、および血中グロブリンの中から選ばれたひとつ以上のタンパクであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の超音波治療用生体模擬ファントム。
- 水に可溶化していない状態のタンパクが熱的処理、超音波処理、あるいはX線照射により変性させた水溶性タンパクであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の超音波治療用生体模擬ファントム。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013551671A JP5953318B2 (ja) | 2011-12-28 | 2012-12-21 | 生体模擬ファントムおよび校正装置 |
US14/369,245 US20140356967A1 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2012-12-21 | Tissue mimicking phantom and calibration device |
EP12863187.6A EP2799028A4 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2012-12-21 | ORGANIZATION SIMULATION GHOST AND CALIBRATION DEVICE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011-287368 | 2011-12-28 | ||
JP2011287368 | 2011-12-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013099787A1 true WO2013099787A1 (ja) | 2013-07-04 |
Family
ID=48697274
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/083191 WO2013099787A1 (ja) | 2011-12-28 | 2012-12-21 | 生体模擬ファントムおよび校正装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140356967A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2799028A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5953318B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013099787A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105975700B (zh) * | 2016-05-10 | 2020-08-21 | 北京理工大学 | 一种模拟超声空泡动力学行为的数值方法 |
KR101838590B1 (ko) * | 2016-06-08 | 2018-03-14 | 제주대학교 산학협력단 | 충격파 생성기의 성능 검사 장치 |
GB2552167A (en) | 2016-07-11 | 2018-01-17 | Intray Ltd | Time temerature indicator label |
CN110542719B (zh) * | 2019-09-11 | 2023-04-07 | 无锡海斯凯尔医学技术有限公司 | 仿组织体模的检测方法 |
KR102441482B1 (ko) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-09-08 | 주식회사 엔도핀 | 회전식 초음파 탐촉자의 성능평가를 위한 다목적 초음파 팬텀 장치 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04332541A (ja) * | 1991-05-09 | 1992-11-19 | Hitachi Ltd | 超音波化学反応検出用ファントム |
JPH10295692A (ja) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-10 | Mitsubishi Plastics Ind Ltd | 生体用超音波ファントム |
WO2005107599A1 (ja) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-17 | Hitachi Medical Corporation | 生体模擬ファントム |
JP2007143946A (ja) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-14 | Takiron Co Ltd | 超音波ファントム用ゲル |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4729892A (en) * | 1986-03-21 | 1988-03-08 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Use of cross-linked hydrogel materials as image contrast agents in proton nuclear magnetic resonance tomography and tissue phantom kits containing such materials |
US5514379A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1996-05-07 | The General Hospital Corporation | Hydrogel compositions and methods of use |
DE19510144C1 (de) * | 1995-03-21 | 1996-07-04 | Siemens Ag | Testphantom zur Prüfung von Ultraschallwandlern |
US5625137A (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1997-04-29 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Very low scatter liquid and solid tissue mimicking material for ultrasound phantoms and method of making the same |
US6352860B1 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2002-03-05 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Liquid and solid tissue mimicking material for ultrasound phantoms and method of making the same |
JP4800862B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-21 | 2011-10-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | ファントム |
US7419376B2 (en) * | 2006-08-14 | 2008-09-02 | Artahn Laboratories, Inc. | Human tissue phantoms and methods for manufacturing thereof |
CN101513554B (zh) * | 2008-02-21 | 2011-09-07 | 重庆海扶(Hifu)技术有限公司 | 一种智能型仿组织超声体模及其制作方法 |
US8539813B2 (en) * | 2009-09-22 | 2013-09-24 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Gel phantoms for testing cavitational ultrasound (histotripsy) transducers |
-
2012
- 2012-12-21 US US14/369,245 patent/US20140356967A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-12-21 EP EP12863187.6A patent/EP2799028A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-21 WO PCT/JP2012/083191 patent/WO2013099787A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-12-21 JP JP2013551671A patent/JP5953318B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04332541A (ja) * | 1991-05-09 | 1992-11-19 | Hitachi Ltd | 超音波化学反応検出用ファントム |
JPH10295692A (ja) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-10 | Mitsubishi Plastics Ind Ltd | 生体用超音波ファントム |
WO2005107599A1 (ja) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-17 | Hitachi Medical Corporation | 生体模擬ファントム |
JP2007143946A (ja) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-14 | Takiron Co Ltd | 超音波ファントム用ゲル |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
C LAFON ET AL., PROC. IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM, 2001, pages 1295 - 1298 |
See also references of EP2799028A4 |
WEN-SHIANG CHEN ET AL.: "Mechanisms of lesion formation in high intensity focused ultrasound therapy", PROCEEDINGS OF 2002 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM, vol. 2, October 2002 (2002-10-01), pages 1443 - 1446, XP055073495 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2799028A4 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
EP2799028A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
JPWO2013099787A1 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
US20140356967A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
JP5953318B2 (ja) | 2016-07-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4800862B2 (ja) | ファントム | |
JP5735488B2 (ja) | 超音波診断治療装置 | |
Maxwell et al. | A tissue phantom for visualization and measurement of ultrasound-induced cavitation damage | |
JP4630127B2 (ja) | 超音波診断治療装置 | |
Choi et al. | A tissue mimicking polyacrylamide hydrogel phantom for visualizing thermal lesions generated by high intensity focused ultrasound | |
JP5953318B2 (ja) | 生体模擬ファントムおよび校正装置 | |
JP4279328B2 (ja) | 超音波撮像システム | |
Zhang et al. | Dynamic changes of integrated backscatter, attenuation coefficient and bubble activities during high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment | |
Nandlall et al. | Real-time passive acoustic monitoring of HIFU-induced tissue damage | |
Alhamami et al. | Photoacoustic detection and optical spectroscopy of high‐intensity focused ultrasound‐induced thermal lesions in biologic tissue | |
Zhang et al. | Enhanced lesion‐to‐bubble ratio on ultrasonic Nakagami imaging for monitoring of high‐intensity focused ultrasound | |
McDannold et al. | Preclinical evaluation of a low-frequency transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound system in a primate model | |
Nguyen et al. | Feasibility study on photoacoustic guidance for high-intensity focused ultrasound-induced hemostasis | |
JP5161955B2 (ja) | 超音波照射装置 | |
Han et al. | Nakagami-m parametric imaging for characterization of thermal coagulation and cavitation erosion induced by HIFU | |
JP5653447B2 (ja) | 生体模擬ファントムおよび校正装置 | |
Manaf et al. | Feasibility of A-mode ultrasound attenuation as a monitoring method of local hyperthermia treatment | |
Park et al. | Reusable ultrasonic tissue mimicking hydrogels containing nonionic surface-active agents for visualizing thermal lesions | |
JP4648983B1 (ja) | 超音波診断・治療装置 | |
King et al. | Preliminary results using ultrasound transmission for image-guided thermal therapy | |
Zheng et al. | A targeting method based on acoustic backscatter for treatment planning in tissue ablation using focused ultrasound | |
Gertner et al. | High-frequency ultrasound properties of multicellular spheroids during heating | |
Eranki | Image-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound-based Boiling Histotripsy for Treatment of Neuroblastoma | |
Zahedi | Reproducibility of UltrasoundGuided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Thermal Lesions in MinimallyInvasive Brain Surgery | |
Zhang et al. | Monitoring of microwave ablation in porcine liver using ultrasonic Nakagami imaging |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12863187 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013551671 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2012863187 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012863187 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14369245 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |