WO2013091867A2 - Absorbeur solaire - Google Patents

Absorbeur solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013091867A2
WO2013091867A2 PCT/EP2012/005289 EP2012005289W WO2013091867A2 WO 2013091867 A2 WO2013091867 A2 WO 2013091867A2 EP 2012005289 W EP2012005289 W EP 2012005289W WO 2013091867 A2 WO2013091867 A2 WO 2013091867A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
absorber
fluid
absorber body
energy
polyethylene
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/005289
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013091867A3 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Oelschlegel
Frank RIEDERER
Steven Schmidt
Frank SPÄTE
Ansgar NIEHOFF
Original Assignee
Rehau Ag + Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rehau Ag + Co filed Critical Rehau Ag + Co
Publication of WO2013091867A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013091867A2/fr
Publication of WO2013091867A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013091867A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/506—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits formed by inflation of portions of a pair of joined sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/501—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits of plastic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/55—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/40—Preventing corrosion; Protecting against dirt or contamination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/80—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
    • F24S70/14—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material made of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
    • F24S70/225—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption for spectrally selective absorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an absorber for solar energy, a solar thermal collector for heating a fluid with an absorber and a system for heat energy recovery with a solar thermal collector.
  • the use of solar energy is becoming increasingly important in the context of the use of renewable energy.
  • Absorbers for solar collectors are known from the prior art, which are usually designed as a pipe-fin construction.
  • Such pipe fin constructions usually consist of copper or aluminum sheet with copper tubes arranged on the back. Due to the very good thermal conductivity of copper or aluminum, the heat energy absorbed by the sheets can be passed on to the fluid flowing in the copper pipes.
  • the use of polymer materials as absorber is known.
  • inventions comprise a double-walled sheet of polymer material which can be flowed through over the whole area.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide an absorber for solar energy, a solar thermal collector for heating a fluid with an absorber and a system for heat energy recovery with a solar thermal collector available, which overcome the disadvantages indicated.
  • the absorber for solar energy to be produced in a simple manner have a low weight, durable and inert, have a high energy conversion efficiency and can be made available at low cost.
  • the invention which has set itself the task of providing an absorber for solar energy, which can be produced in a simple manner, is durable and inert, has a high energy conversion efficiency and can be provided at low cost.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by an absorber for solar energy according to claim 1.
  • an absorber for absorbing solar energy and heating a fluid comprising an absorber body through which the fluid can flow with an energy absorption section, an inlet and a drain for the fluid solves this object if the absorber body contains or excludes a polymer material
  • Polymer material consists. Such an absorber for receiving solar energy and heating a fluid is easy to prepare, durable, inert, easy to install and inexpensive available, moreover, has a high energy conversion efficiency.
  • the polymer material is a polyolefin, preferably a polyethylene or a polypropylene, and very particularly preferably a crosslinked polyethylene.
  • Polyolefins, especially polyethylene or polypropylene, and especially cross-linked polyethylene are inexpensive, easily processable and inert to the fluid to be heated, which is a water / glycol mixture or water.
  • crosslinked polyethylene also has a particularly high heat resistance.
  • the polymer material itself is tough and thus protected against damage during manufacture, during installation and during many years of use.
  • the polymer material itself is available at low cost, whereby the cost of an absorber made of this material is low. It has been found in the context of the present invention to be particularly advantageous if the absorber body is produced in a blown process.
  • hollow bodies can be produced in a simple and reproducible manner by inserting a hose produced by an extruder into a negative mold of the body to be produced, the hose then being applied to the contour of the negative mold by applying pressurized gas.
  • an absorber body of the type according to the invention can be produced very advantageously.
  • the absorber body can be produced in large quantities in a reproducible manner.
  • the absorber is thus quite inexpensive.
  • blow molding tools cause significantly lower costs compared to injection molding tools, for example.
  • the absorber body produced by the blowing process can have different wall thicknesses in sections by means of suitable devices of the blow molding machine.
  • portions of the absorber body to which it is to be fixed, for example, during installation, can be strengthened.
  • inlet and outlet for the fluid can be designed so reinforced to attach ports there. It has proved to be very advantageous in the context of the present invention if the absorber body is crosslinked after production.
  • crosslinking of the polyethylene, from which the absorber body is blow-molded, to a crosslinked polyethylene is particularly preferred.
  • Crosslinked polyethylene is extremely tough, heat-resistant and inert.
  • the process for producing an absorber body comprises the following steps:
  • the wall of the absorber body is produced in a blowing process using polyethylene.
  • a tube is extruded in a per se known method, which is then enclosed by means of a molding tool and formed by blowing a gas. Subsequently, the polyethylene of the wall is crosslinked peroxide or silane or by the action of radiant energy.
  • the networking can take place immediately after the molding process or only after a longer period of time. The latter can be accomplished in such a way that initially a number of molded parts are produced and these are then crosslinked after intermediate storage and suitable conditions-even over a period of several weeks.
  • the degree of crosslinking of the polyethylene can be controlled by selecting and using the amount of peroxide and further by the parameters of the crosslinking process.
  • the degree of crosslinking of the polyethylene according to the present invention can be 5 to 95%, preferably 15 to 90% and particularly preferably 50 to 85%.
  • Crosslinking degrees of this magnitude cause the high stability of the wall to elevated temperature.
  • the "creeping" of the material, as it is known from thermoplastics, is thereby prevented.
  • the polyethylene which is used as a polymer material for the production of the hollow body by blow molding, is a so-called blowable polyethylene.
  • a corresponding low-viscosity polyethylene is selected, the MFI is 0.1 to 2 g / 10 min at 190 ° C, load 2.16 kg.
  • the density of such a blowable polyethylene is 0.93 to 0.965 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.948 to 0.960 g / cm 3 .
  • Such Phillips types are prepared by means of chromium catalyst on silicate carrier in a polymerization process.
  • polyethylene it is also possible to use a polyethylene copolymer for blowing, in which case a comonomer of a polyolefin based on a C3 to C8 brick is preferred.
  • a crosslinking agent in the present case an organic peroxide, is added to the polyethylene.
  • Organic peroxides are particularly suitable for crosslinking polyethylene.
  • organic peroxides are used for this purpose which have a typical crosslinking temperature of greater than or equal to 170 ° C.
  • the polyethylene can be added to other components.
  • stabilizers e.g. phenolic antioxidants, or processing aids such as lubricants, or crosslinking enhancers such as TAC (triallyl cyanurate) or TAIC (triallyl isocyanurate) or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate or divinylbenzene or diallyl terephthalate or triallyl trimellitate or triallyl phosphate in concentrations of 0.2 to 2.0 weight percent ,
  • the hollow body produced by the blowing process using polyethylene is exposed to a higher temperature over a certain period of time.
  • This may, for example, at a temperature of 180 ° C to 280 ° C for a period of 10 min.
  • the hollow body In order to avoid a collapse or a change in shape of the blown hollow body using polyethylene during the crosslinking process, it can be provided to subject the hollow body during crosslinking by means of sustained overpressure of the blown air (supporting air), which presses the hollow body into a shape defining the outer contour To put pressure.
  • sustained overpressure of the blown air supporting air
  • the polyethylene is first grafted with a silane with the aid of peroxides, this grafted polyethylene is then mixed with a catalyst and can thus be used for producing the hollow body in blow molding.
  • a catalyst batch is an organotin compound such as DOTL (Dioctylzinnlaurat), in addition, other additives, selected from heat stabilizers, UV stabilizers and processing aids may be included.
  • additives may be additionally included in this composition of grafted polyethylene and the catalyst batch.
  • a mixture of polyethylene, silane, peroxide and the catalyst is fed to an extruder.
  • Silane, peroxide and catalyst form a liquid phase, which are added to the polyethylene.
  • the grafting of the silane onto the polyethylene takes place first, with simultaneous homogeneous mixing with the catalyst taking place.
  • the crosslinking of the polyethylene is carried out in the presence of moisture at a higher temperature, usually this is accomplished in a steam atmosphere or in a water bath of 90 to 105 ° C over a period of 6 to 15 hours depending on the wall thickness of the hollow body to be blown. It is also possible to crosslink by exposure to radiation energy polyethylene, this is referred to as PE-Xc.
  • Support for networking can also be provided by TAC or TAIC.
  • the inventively provided absorber body is designed as a hollow body, which is bounded by a wall.
  • the wall may have a multilayer structure.
  • the absorber body is characterized according to the invention in that the wall contains crosslinked polyethylene or consists of crosslinked polyethylene.
  • an absorber body is made available that allows it to be operated at a higher ambient temperature.
  • the material of the wall can not "flow away” under the action of heat.
  • the absorber body according to the invention can be operated at a continuous use temperature of 60 to 95 ° C, preferably 80 to 95 ° C.
  • the absorber body is directly thermally cross-linked directly in the mold or in a cross-linking tool directly after production in a blown process using a correspondingly elevated temperature.
  • the absorber body may also be made by alternative molding techniques.
  • the injection molding process can be half shells made of polyolefins, which then connected to realize the absorber body together by cohesive, positive or non-positive connection techniques fluid-tight manner (eg by welding or gluing) and then networked.
  • the connections for inlet and outlet can be integrated very well, for example by means of inserts.
  • special flow guide elements eg in the form of Ribs
  • the half-shells can be produced with low tolerances and very good reproducibility. This method is suitable because of the relatively high tooling costs, especially for very large quantities.
  • the multi-component injection molding process can be used.
  • a base body can be provided with one or more thin plastic layers.
  • injection-compression molding can also be used for the production of half-shells.
  • the injection molding blow molding is suitable.
  • preforms are injected through a core, which are then inflated after replacing the outer mold halves.
  • the core serves as a blow pin.
  • the preforms can also be produced by the multi-component injection molding process. This method offers the advantage that the hollow body can be produced practically in one step.
  • the complex step of joining two half-shells is omitted here. Extrusion of double web plates and subsequent welding of the connections
  • double-wall sheets can be produced in which the flow channels are formed by the webs. Such double-wall sheets can be produced very cost-effectively in very large numbers.
  • the connections for inflow and outflow in the form of U-profiles on the double-web plate are fastened in a fluid-tight manner by cohesive, positive or non-positive connection techniques. (eg by welding or gluing). The entire component is then networked. Doppelstegplatten with several layers can be with the
  • Thermoforming refers to a process for forming thermoplastics. It may also be referred to as thermoforming, deep drawing or vacuum forming. Forming by means of mechanical pressure represents a pressing process. a thermoplastic resin sheet produced in an extrusion process or as a multi-layer sheet in a coextrusion process, heated from one or both sides and then pressed into a mold. This is supported by an air flow from the one or a vacuum from the other side or by applying a machine pressure. In this way half shells are produced, which are then fluid-tightly connected to each other by cohesive, positive or non-positive connection techniques (eg by welding or Gluing) and then completely crosslinked.
  • Thermoforming can also be integrated in the inlet and outlet. The tool costs are significantly lower than in injection molding, but not as high strength as in injection molding can be achieved.
  • thermoforming the plastic plates with one or more functional films, which are glued or laminated, together form, so that a uniform bond is formed.
  • twin-sheet process two plates are simultaneously formed by two halves of the mold analogous to thermoforming and then welded together in one operation.
  • This method offers the advantage that only one mechanical step is necessary for the realization of a hollow body.
  • inlet and outlet can be integrated and realize multi-layered components.
  • the inlet and outlet for the fluid to be passed through are formed integrally on the absorber body.
  • certain sections of the blow molding tool are designed such that an inlet and / or outlet in the form of a spout, a pipe section or a nozzle can be produced.
  • certain parts of the tool are integrated with inserts during the blowing process of the absorber body, which then form inlet and / or outlet.
  • Such inserts may be made of metal, in particular of steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass or the like.
  • the absorber body can be very easily connected to the proposed piping for forwarding the fluid.
  • the connection technique can be done by means of hose nozzles or sliding sleeve connections, whereby other connection techniques are possible.
  • the absorber body is particularly advantageously designed in such a way that it is present as a flat hollow body through which fluid can flow.
  • a flat hollow body is particularly well suited as an absorber for solar radiation.
  • Such an absorber body is then particularly well suited for receiving solar energy, if it has a length and a width.
  • the amount of fluid should be limited for essentially three reasons, one time to limit the weight of the filled solar thermal collector, then a high one
  • the height of the absorber body corresponds to 0.005 to 0.05 times the width of the absorber.
  • the height of the absorber body is in the range of 10 mm to 100 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 30 to 60 mm, very particularly preferably in the range of 40 to 50 mm.
  • Such an absorber body has a large usable area to convert solar energy into heat energy, wherein the amount of fluid contained in the absorber body can then be kept correspondingly low.
  • Such a flat hollow body as the absorber body is particularly easy to produce by blowing. It may further be provided within the scope of the invention that in the absorber body
  • Flow guiding elements are formed which bring about a uniform and preferably turbulent flow of the fluid through the absorber body in relation to the total area.
  • Such flow guide elements can be designed in the form of ribs which are introduced at least on one side of the absorber body during the blowing process.
  • the blow mold can be designed so that ribs or webs are arranged thereon, which impress this upon blowing of the absorber body and thus form on the absorber body.
  • the fluid path within the absorber body can be maximized by the selection of the ribs in such a way that a very effective conversion and transport of the heat energy takes place from the absorber.
  • the ribs on the side facing the sun and / or formed on the opposite side are designed such that the surface of the sun-facing side is increased, whereby the heat absorption efficiency is increased.
  • the turbulent flow caused by the ribs also increases the heat absorption efficiency, which also applies to the ribs on the side facing away from the sun.
  • the absorber body is designed such that the connections for inlet and outlet are designed and positioned such that the absorber body idles independently in a standstill operation. For this purpose, it is further provided that all pipes connected to the absorber body have a gradient.
  • the absorber is suitable for thermosiphonic operation.
  • connections, in particular inlet and outlet and the shape of the absorber are designed such that a thermosiphonic mode of operation is possible.
  • the inlet is placed at the lowest point of the absorber, the outlet accordingly at the highest point.
  • care should be taken that the flow resistance within the absorber body is limited.
  • thermosiphonic operation a circulation of the fluid in the fluid control system takes place due to the density differences of cold and heated fluid.
  • thermosiphonic operation In the context of the present invention, the problem of slagging of absorbers for thermosiphonic operation is also solved.
  • the absorber When the absorber is used in thermosiphonic operation, the absorber has a low flow velocity. As a result, impurities in the fluid (eg, lime) are deposited in the interior of the absorber, with most of the service water being used as the fluid. As a result, on the one hand, a smaller amount of fluid is heated, but the deposits can also lead to a blockage of the fluid supply system. The problem is particularly serious when a low-quality service water, ie with a high proportion of impurities, is used as the fluid. Therefore, in the present invention in the region of the outlet of the absorber body, which represents the lowest point in the installed state, a volume is provided, which is flowed through during operation of the fluid.
  • impurities in the fluid eg, lime
  • this volume can be opened. It can be ensured by a corresponding facial expressions that the whole fluid control system does not have to be emptied consuming.
  • An opening may be provided for flushing or cleaning this volume, which is provided as a reservoir for slag.
  • the absorber body is provided on its inner wall with a layer (for example a coextrusion layer, a non-stick coating) so that impurities from the fluid adhere there as little as possible.
  • a layer for example a coextrusion layer, a non-stick coating
  • impurities from the fluid adhere there as little as possible.
  • This can e.g. be ensured by a particularly smooth layer with a low surface energy.
  • antimicrobial additives may be added to this layer, so that the growth of algae on the inner wall of the absorber body is suppressed as much as possible.
  • an energy absorption section is formed on the absorber body such that an optimized absorption of solar energy and conversion into heat energy takes place.
  • the energy absorption section of the absorber body which is aligned in the direction of the sun and absorbs solar radiation, for example, has a surface structure which is particularly well suited to absorb solar radiation.
  • the surface can be structured, for example, by arranging there grooves or grooves, in particular micro grooves or microfines or pyramids, in particular micropyramines, which increase the surface area and thus make available an enlarged surface for the solar radiation and its reception.
  • Other structuring of the surface is also possible, in particular roughening of the surface, which also increases the useful surface area.
  • the surface or the wall of the absorber body at the energy absorption portion may also be formed by means of a coloring or using appropriate pigments such that an improved conversion of the radiation energy of the sun into heat energy takes place.
  • the polymer material of the wall of the absorber body may contain a corresponding pigment or a corresponding pigment combination.
  • the polymer material contains the wall of the absorber body pigment or pigments and that the surface is enlarged, whereby a particularly effective absorption and conversion of the radiation energy is possible.
  • a layer is provided on the energy absorption section of the absorber body, which converts solar energy into heat energy particularly effectively.
  • Particularly preferred here is a selective layer which has a high absorption capacity for solar radiation and a low emissivity for thermal radiation, since a high efficiency in the heat energy recovery can be achieved thereby.
  • Such a layer can be, for example, a coextrusion layer, which can be particularly easily formed during the blowing of the absorber body.
  • a multi-layered tube can be used in the blow molding process, in which a layer, preferably the outer layer, is modified in such a way that solar energy can be converted very efficiently into heat energy.
  • the coextrusion layer can again contain corresponding particles, for example suitable pigments, in particular carbon black.
  • the coextrusion layer can in particular be subsequently modified by micro roughening or the like at the energy absorption section of the absorber body.
  • such a layer can also be subsequently applied to the energy absorption section of the absorber body.
  • a film which is applied to the energy absorption portion of the absorber body or a coating, for example in the form of a liquid coating, e.g. as a paint.
  • an element for limiting solar radiation is arranged on the energy absorption section of the absorber body or an element for limiting solar radiation is assigned to the energy absorption section of the absorber body.
  • Such an element for limiting solar radiation prevents the absorber body from overheating by a consumer in the event of strong solar radiation and a slight decrease in the heat energy generated, thereby causing damage.
  • thermotropic layer As an element for limiting the solar radiation, a so-called thermotropic layer can be used in the context of the present invention.
  • thermotropic layer is understood to mean a layer whose permeability to light, in this case sunlight, is temperature-dependent. This process is reversible; if the temperature below which the permeability is reduced is reached, the layer is again transparent to sunlight.
  • thermotropic layer is to be chosen so that it reflects the sunlight from a certain temperature on the absorber, which is for example in a range of 95 to 105 ° C.
  • thermotropic layer may for example be a film which is applied to the energy absorption portion of the absorber body, or a coating, for example in the form of a liquid coating, for. B. as a paint.
  • the layer can also be applied in a coextrusion process, which is preferably integrated in the production of the absorber body.
  • the selective layer and the thermotropic layer can also be produced together in a co-extrusion process together.
  • the element for limiting the solar radiation as a blind, as a roller blind, as lamellae, which limit the irradiation of the sunlight by an adjustable inclination, or the like.
  • These mentioned elements for limiting the solar radiation are also to be adjusted in terms of their effect by suitable means such that the light irradiation is limited or prevented, for example by reflection in an overheating of the absorber body.
  • said elements can be operated with adjusting devices based on the thermal expansion of the absorber body, the thermal expansion of the fluid or another fluid, e.g. in a reciprocating system, or the movement of a shape memory metal.
  • Other possibilities are to determine temperatures on or in the absorber by means of sensors and then adjust the element to limit the solar radiation accordingly so that only the desired proportion of sunlight reaches the energy absorption section of the absorber body.
  • the absorber is part of a solar thermal collector.
  • a housing is provided, which is provided with a transparent cover.
  • the at least one absorber is arranged.
  • the absorber body can be easily fixed in the housing by integrated recordings.
  • tabs, hooks or the like are made integrated, so that the absorber body can be set very easily, quickly and without tools in the housing.
  • the absorber is fixed in this housing and connected to appropriate piping for conducting the fluid.
  • the size of the absorber body is ideally chosen so that the effective area of the solar collector is only slightly smaller than the gross area of the housing.
  • Useable area in this context is the area that can be used for energy conversion.
  • the gross area is the total area of the solar col- including all housing and transparent cover surfaces in the direction of the sun.
  • the absorber body is designed in such a way that it is largely without or with little distance to the wall in the housing can be installed.
  • insulation layers are arranged, which is not discussed here.
  • devices are provided on the housing to replace the air in the housing when it has very high temperatures. This can for example be done by means of flaps, which are to be opened to allow the hot air to flow out, resulting in a convective cooling. As a result, possible damage to the absorber, which can occur due to the action of very high temperatures, can be averted by cooling with outside air.
  • the housing itself can be mounted on a house roof, on a facade or on appropriate elevations with fasteners and can be aligned so that it absorbs as much solar radiation.
  • the task of specifying a solar thermal collector for heating a fluid is achieved with claim 9.
  • the solar thermal collector according to the invention for heating a fluid has at least one absorber as described above.
  • Such a solar thermal collector is inexpensive to manufacture, durable and easy to construct.
  • Such solar thermal collectors can be arranged in particular modularly together and thus form a space to save a whole field, with the correspondingly large amounts of heat energy can be generated.
  • the further object of the invention to provide a system for heat energy recovery, learns their solution with claim 10th
  • a system for heat energy recovery with at least one solar thermal collector is thus provided.
  • a system for heat energy generation in addition to the solar thermal collector, as described above, also piping for conducting the fluid, possibly a pump, possibly a heat exchanger, possibly a fluid reservoir, which together form the fluid control system, possibly different Sensors and control devices and the like may include, is suitable to provide heat energy generated from solar radiation to a consumer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section through a solar thermal collector with an absorber in a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross section through a solar thermal collector with an absorber according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section through a solar thermal collector 1 with an absorber 2 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the absorber 2 comprises an absorber body 2.1 in the form of a hollow body through which a fluid flows.
  • an inlet 2.3 and a drain 2.4 for the fluid are formed on the absorber 2.
  • the process 2.4 for the fluid is positioned higher than the inlet 2.3 on the absorber body 2.1.
  • both the inlet 2.3 and the outlet 2.4 for the fluid are connected to the absorber body 2.1 with pipelines in order to supply the fluid in a fluid circuit to a consumer.
  • the absorber 2 has a power receiving section 2.2, which receives solar radiation and converts it into heat energy.
  • the energy absorbing portion 2.2 is positioned to occupy most or all of the area of the side of the absorber 2 that is approximately aligned with the sun 8.
  • a layer 3 is formed, which causes the effective conversion of solar radiation into thermal energy.
  • the layer 3 is in this embodiment, applied to the energy absorbing portion 2.2 layer in the form of, for example, a film.
  • the film 3 is thermally connected to the energy absorption section 2.2, in which the film bears tightly against the energy absorption section 2.2. Possibly.
  • the absorber 2 has on the side facing away from the sun 8, the bottom, ribs 7, which dictate the path of the fluid through the absorber body 2.1, so that the most effective energy absorption takes place.
  • the ribs 7 have been introduced during the blowing of the absorber body 2.1 on the tool side into this underside of the absorber 2.
  • the amount of fluid in the absorber 2 is limited.
  • the absorber 2 is fixed in the housing 5 of the solar thermal collector 1 by fixing means, not shown here.
  • the absorber 2 may be thermally insulated from the housing 5, for example by insulating materials not shown here.
  • the housing 5 is covered with a transparent cover 6, which preserves the absorber 2 from the weather.
  • the transparent cover 6 is a glass pane or a pane made of a transparent plastic material.
  • the energy absorption section 2.2 of the absorber 2 is associated with an element 4, which can limit the solar radiation.
  • the element 4 is a thermotropic layer which limits or prevents the irradiation of the sunlight from a certain temperature.
  • the element 4 is mounted in the housing 5 of the solar thermal collector 1 by fastening means, not shown here, and spaced from the energy receiving section 2.2 of the absorber 2.
  • the solar thermal collector 1 can be fastened by fastening means, not shown here, on the housing 5 on a house roof, on a facade or on elevations.
  • the solar thermal collector 1 can be aligned with the sun 8, so that a maximum energy absorption is possible.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a schematic cross section a solar thermal collector 1 with an absorber 2 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 correspond to those in Fig. 1, so that the description for the absorber 2 with the absorber body 2.1, the power receiving section 2.2, the inlet 2.3 and the flow 2.4 from the above already made.
  • the element 4 is fixedly connected to the layer 3 in the second embodiment of the invention described above.
  • the element 4 is in the form of a thermotropic layer, which is formed as a film.
  • the film 4 is fixed to the layer 3 on the energy absorption section 2.2. of the absorber 2 connected.
  • the film 4 is laminated on the layer 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un absorbeur (2) servant à absorber l'énergie solaire et à chauffer un fluide. Ledit absorbeur comprend un corps d'absorbeur (2.1) pouvant être traversé par le fluide et doté d'une section d'absorption d'énergie (2.2), d'une arrivée (2.3) et d'une évacuation (2.4) du fluide. Selon l'invention, le corps d'absorbeur (2.1) contient un matériau polymère ou est constitué d'un matériau polymère.
PCT/EP2012/005289 2011-12-23 2012-12-20 Absorbeur solaire WO2013091867A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202011052459U DE202011052459U1 (de) 2011-12-23 2011-12-23 Absorber für Sonnenenergie
DE202011052459.0 2011-12-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013091867A2 true WO2013091867A2 (fr) 2013-06-27
WO2013091867A3 WO2013091867A3 (fr) 2014-05-15

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PCT/EP2012/005289 WO2013091867A2 (fr) 2011-12-23 2012-12-20 Absorbeur solaire

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DE (1) DE202011052459U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013091867A2 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3128010B1 (fr) * 2021-10-11 2024-03-08 Commissariat Energie Atomique Vitrage thermosensible de prévention des surchauffes pour capteur solaire thermique plan

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2531907A1 (de) * 1975-07-17 1977-02-10 Gerhard Prof Dr Ing Schenkel System zur nutzung der sonnenenergie
IL50663A0 (en) * 1975-10-14 1976-12-31 Engel T Solar energy collectors and methods of forming the same
US4167935A (en) * 1977-09-26 1979-09-18 Honeywell Inc. Phenolic laminate solar absorber panel and method of making
AU4054078A (en) * 1977-12-09 1980-04-17 Beasley Ind Solar heater panesl
DE3001335A1 (de) * 1980-01-16 1981-07-23 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Waerme-absorber als teil von gebaeude-aussenflaechen
US4524757A (en) * 1981-04-28 1985-06-25 Bruce Shawn Buckley Solar collector, heat exchanger or hot water storage tank and method of forming same
DE19819552A1 (de) * 1998-04-30 1999-11-04 Basf Ag Material mit temperaturgesteuerter Strahlungstransmission
DE10304536B3 (de) * 2003-02-04 2004-05-13 Horst Hinterneder Hohlkammerprofil zur Nutzung der Sonnenenergie
DE20311784U1 (de) * 2003-07-29 2004-01-15 J.O.S.T. Marketing Gmbh Wärmekollektor und/oder -speichervorrichtung
US8161963B2 (en) * 2005-12-16 2012-04-24 Rhodes Richard O Thin film solar collector
ES2360552T3 (es) * 2006-05-03 2011-06-07 Global Plastic, S.A. Unidad de colector solar.
DE102007041267B4 (de) * 2007-08-31 2012-07-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Thermischer Kunststoffkollektor mit eingeschobenem Absorberkörper
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Also Published As

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DE202011052459U1 (de) 2013-03-25

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