WO2013084288A1 - 発電システム - Google Patents
発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013084288A1 WO2013084288A1 PCT/JP2011/078134 JP2011078134W WO2013084288A1 WO 2013084288 A1 WO2013084288 A1 WO 2013084288A1 JP 2011078134 W JP2011078134 W JP 2011078134W WO 2013084288 A1 WO2013084288 A1 WO 2013084288A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power generation
- output
- windmill
- cycle
- control command
- Prior art date
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009118 appropriate response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/13—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing gravitational potential energy
- F03D9/14—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing gravitational potential energy using liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power generation system, and more particularly to a power generation system including a windmill.
- a power generation system that combines a windmill and a power storage device, reduces short-period output fluctuations of the windmill by the power storage device, and realizes stable power supply.
- US Pat. No. 7,239,035 discloses a power generation system that combines a windmill and a pumped-storage power generation.
- the windmill has short cycle output fluctuation and long cycle output fluctuation.
- Short-period output fluctuations can be reduced by a power storage device as in the past.
- long-period output fluctuations have a large fluctuation amount, an attempt to cope with power storage devices requires a large-capacity power storage device, which is not preferable from an economic viewpoint.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a power generation system capable of reducing short cycle and long cycle output fluctuations.
- a first aspect of the present invention includes a wind turbine, a variable output power generation facility for leveling long-cycle output fluctuations of the wind turbine, and a power storage facility for leveling short-cycle output fluctuations of the wind turbine. And a central control means for giving a control command to the windmill, the variable output power generation facility, and the power storage facility, and outputs of the windmill, the variable output power generation facility, and the power storage facility are supplied to a common power system.
- the long cycle is a power generation system in which one cycle is several minutes or longer, and the short cycle is one cycle shorter than the long cycle.
- a wind turbine having a function of suppressing a short cycle output fluctuation, a variable output power generation facility for leveling a long cycle output fluctuation of the wind turbine, the wind turbine, and the variable output power generation.
- Central control means for giving a control command to the facility, the outputs of the wind turbine and the variable output power generation facility are supplied to a common power system, and the long cycle is one or more minutes, and the short cycle is 1
- the power generation system has a cycle shorter than the long cycle.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure showing the whole power generation system composition concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is the functional block diagram which extracted and showed the function regarding control of a pumped storage power generation equipment and an electric power storage equipment among the functions with which a central control apparatus is provided. It is the figure which showed an example of the table with which the wind speed and the windmill output were linked
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overall configuration of a power generation system according to the present embodiment.
- a power generation system 1 includes a windmill 2, a pumped-storage power generation facility (variable output power generation facility) 3 for leveling long-period output fluctuations of the windmill 2, and a short-cycle output of the windmill 2.
- a power storage facility 4 for leveling fluctuations and a central control device (central control means) 5 are provided as main components.
- the long cycle means, for example, that one cycle is several minutes or longer, and in this embodiment, 20 minutes or longer is assumed.
- the short cycle means a cycle shorter than the long cycle, and in the present embodiment, one cycle assumes a range of several seconds to several tens of seconds.
- the output from the wind turbine 2, the pumped storage power generation facility 3, and the power storage facility 4 is supplied to the common power system 6 through the common connection point A.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the case where one windmill 2 is provided, but a plurality of windmills 2 may be provided.
- the pumped storage power generation facility 3 and the power storage facility 4 operate so as to equalize the long-cycle and short-cycle output fluctuations in the total output of the plurality of wind turbines 2.
- a plurality of pumped-storage power generation facilities 3 and power storage facilities 4 may be provided.
- the pumped storage power generation facility 3 includes a pump 31, a lower reservoir 32, an upper reservoir 33, and a control device 34 as main components.
- the pumped storage power generation facility 3 generates power by pumping water from the lower reservoir 32 to the upper reservoir 33 using the pump 31 and dropping the water from the upper reservoir 33 to the lower reservoir 32.
- the pump 31 When a command to consume power is received from the central controller 5, the pump 31 is driven to consume water by pumping water from the lower reservoir 32 to the upper reservoir 33. When an instruction to supply is received, the generated power obtained by dropping water from the upper reservoir 33 to the lower reservoir 32 is supplied to the power system 6. Control of power consumption, power generation, and the like in the pumped storage power generation facility 3 is performed by the control device 34.
- the power storage facility 4 includes a power storage device 41 such as a battery or a capacitor (capacitor), a power conversion device 42, and a control device 43.
- a power storage device 41 such as a battery or a capacitor (capacitor)
- a power conversion device 42 When a command to consume the output of the windmill 2 is received from the central controller 5, when power is stored in the power storage device 41 via the power converter 42 and a command to supply power is received from the central controller 5
- the power stored in the power storage device 41 is supplied to the power system 6 via the power conversion device 42. Control of the power converter 42 is performed by the controller 43.
- the central control device 5 outputs, for example, the output at the connection point A based on the requested output information and the frequency information at the connection point A notified from the power management room (for example, an electric power company) that manages the power system 6. Are generated and transmitted to the windmill 2 respectively. Thereby, the windmill 2 controls the output voltage and the output current based on the output command given from the central controller 5.
- the power management room for example, an electric power company
- the central control device 5 obtains the output prediction of the windmill 2 based on the wind condition prediction information of the installation area of the windmill 2, and uses the output prediction to equalize the long-cycle and short-cycle output fluctuations of the windmill 2.
- Such a control command for the pumped storage power generation facility 3 and a control command for the power storage facility 4 are calculated, and these control commands are output to the pumped storage power generation facility 3 and the power storage facility 4, respectively.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram in which functions related to the control of the pumped storage power generation facility 3 and the power storage facility 4 are extracted from the various functions included in the central control device 5.
- the central control device 5 includes a windmill output prediction unit 11, a long-period component extraction unit 12, a first control command generation unit 13, a second control command generation unit 14, and a transmission unit 15.
- the windmill output prediction unit 11 acquires the wind condition prediction information of the installation area of the windmill 2 as input information, and predicts the output of the windmill 2 from this wind condition prediction information. For example, the windmill output prediction unit 11 repeatedly performs output prediction of the windmill 2 from a present time until a certain time later (for example, 12 hours later) at a predetermined time interval.
- the windmill output prediction unit 11 has, for example, a table or function in which wind speed and windmill output are associated with each other, and predicts the output of the windmill 2 using this table or function.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a table in which the wind speed and the wind turbine output are associated with each other.
- FIG. 4 is an example of the wind condition prediction input to the wind turbine output prediction unit 11 and the output of the wind turbine 2 with respect to the wind condition prediction. It is the figure which showed an example of prediction.
- wind condition prediction information of a mesoscale model provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency can be used as the wind condition prediction information.
- the weather data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency and the topographic data in the installation area of the windmill 2 it is possible to make a more accurate wind condition prediction considering the topography and adopt this wind condition prediction information.
- the long cycle component extraction unit 12 extracts a long cycle component from the output prediction of the wind turbine 2 obtained by the wind turbine output prediction unit 11.
- the long cycle component extraction unit 12 can extract a long cycle component by using a low-pass filter.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of output prediction of the wind turbine 2 input to the long cycle component extraction unit 12 and an example of the long cycle component output from the long cycle component extraction unit 12.
- the long cycle component extracted by the long cycle component extraction unit 12 is output to the first control command generation unit 13 and the second control command generation unit 14.
- the first control command generation unit 13 generates a first control command that is an output control command to the pumped storage power generation facility 3 from the long cycle component from the long cycle component extraction unit 12 and the target output. More specifically, the first control command generation unit 13 creates schedule information in which the time and the first control command are associated with each other over a predetermined period (for example, 6 hours or 12 hours). This schedule information is obtained by subtracting the long period component from the target output, as shown in equation (1).
- Pc (t) is a first control command that is an output control command to the pumped storage power generation facility
- Pr (t) is a target output
- Pw L (t) is extracted by the long-period component extraction unit 12. Long-period component.
- the target output may be a constant value determined in advance as shown in FIG. 6, or may be changed at predetermined intervals based on the long period component as shown in FIG.
- the value may be determined automatically.
- the long period component is divided at predetermined time intervals, and a value obtained by leveling the long period component for each section is set as the target output.
- the time of the said 1 section can be set arbitrarily, for example, may be set to the control cycle of the pumped storage power generation equipment 3, and may be set based on the command from the system side.
- the length of each section may be constant or may vary.
- the second control command generation unit 14 acquires the long cycle component from the long cycle component extraction unit 12 and the actual measurement output of the wind turbine 2 as input information, and is a second output control command to the power storage facility 4 from these information. Generate control commands. For example, the second control command generation unit 14 sets a value obtained by subtracting the actual measurement output of the windmill 2 from the long-period component as shown in the equation (2) as the output control command.
- Pb (t) is a second control command that is an output control command to the power storage facility 4
- Pw (t) is an actual measurement output of the windmill 2
- Pw L (t) is a long-period component extraction unit 12 is a long-period component extracted at 12.
- the method for calculating the second control command is not limited to the above example.
- the second control command is not scheduled over a predetermined period like the first control command, but is determined each time based on the measured output of the wind turbine 2 and the long-period component. is there.
- the first control command and the second control command generated by the first control command generation unit 13 and the second control command generation unit 14 are transmitted to the control unit 34 of the pumped storage power generation facility 3 and the power storage facility 4 by the transmission unit 15. Each is output to the device 43.
- the control device 34 controls the pump 31 and the like based on the schedule information of the first control command received from the central control device 5, so that power consumption or power supply according to the first control command is performed.
- the pump 31 is driven to move the water in the lower reservoir 32 to the upper reservoir 33, thereby consuming the output from the windmill 2 and
- the power generated by dropping the water stored in the upper reservoir 33 into the lower reservoir 32 is supplied to the interconnection point A.
- control is performed so that the long-cycle fluctuation component of the windmill 2 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 matches the target output, and the output fluctuation of the windmill 2 in the long period can be leveled. Become.
- the control device 43 controls the power conversion device 42 based on the second control command received from the central control device 5, thereby performing charging / discharging according to the second control command. Specifically, in the case of a command for consuming electric power, the output of the windmill 2 is charged to the power storage device 41 via the power conversion device 42, and in the case of a command for supplying power, the power storage is performed via the power conversion device 42. Electric power is supplied to the interconnection point A by discharging the electric power of the device 41.
- control is performed such that the short-cycle fluctuation component of the wind turbine 2 as shown in FIG. 8 matches the target output, and the fluctuation in output of the wind turbine 2 in the short cycle can be leveled.
- the following control is repeatedly executed by the central controller 5.
- wind condition prediction information is input to the wind turbine output prediction unit 11 of the central controller 5, and output prediction of the wind turbine 2 is obtained from this wind condition prediction information.
- the long cycle component extraction unit 12 extracts a long cycle component from the output prediction of the wind turbine 2, and the extracted long cycle component is output to the first control command generation unit 13 and the second control command generation unit 14.
- schedule information of the first control command is generated from the long period component and the target output, and the schedule information of the first control command is transmitted to the control device of the pumped storage power generation facility 3 via the transmission unit 15.
- the second control command generator 14 receives the long-period component and the actual measurement output of the windmill 2 and generates a second control command from these pieces of information. The second control command is transmitted to the control device 43 of the power storage facility 4 via the transmission unit 15.
- the pumped storage power generation facility 3 is controlled based on the schedule information of the first control command, and the power storage facility 4 is controlled based on the second control command.
- the output prediction of the wind turbine 2 is performed from the wind condition prediction information in the wind turbine installation area, and the long-period output fluctuation component is extracted from the output prediction. Then, a first control command for leveling the long-cycle output fluctuation is generated and transmitted to the pumped storage power generation equipment 3, and the short-cycle obtained by subtracting the long-cycle output fluctuation from the actual measurement output of the wind turbine 2 A second control command for leveling the output fluctuation is generated and transmitted to the power storage facility 4.
- the pumped storage power generation equipment 3 and the power storage equipment 4 are controlled based on the first control command and the second control command, the short-cycle and long-cycle output fluctuations of the windmill are leveled, and stable power Can be supplied to the electric power system 6.
- the power storage facility 4 has a faster response speed than the pumped storage power generation facility 3 and is excellent in leveling output fluctuations in a short cycle.
- the pumped storage power generation facility 3 has a larger capacity than the power storage facility 4 and is excellent in leveling output fluctuation of a large capacity. Therefore, by using the power storage equipment 4 for leveling the short-term output fluctuations and the pumped-storage power generation equipment 3 for leveling the long-period output fluctuations, the power generation equipment having an appropriate response and an appropriate scale can be obtained. It is possible to achieve leveling of the used output fluctuation. Thereby, the cost of a system can be reduced compared with the conventional case where the fluctuation
- the pumped storage power generation facility 3 is controlled based on the schedule information of the first control command, it is possible to grasp in advance the scheduled power generation time and the amount of water required. Thereby, for example, it is possible to suppress power consumption accompanying useless movement of water by moving a necessary amount of water to the upper reservoir 33 in advance according to the schedule information.
- the pumped storage power generation facility 3 is controlled based on the schedule information of the first control command.
- the difference is converted into power. It will be absorbed by the storage facility 4 (see formula (2) above).
- the second control command calculated by the above equation (2) exceeds the capacity of the power storage facility 4, Even the power storage facility 4 cannot absorb the fluctuations. Therefore, in such a case, the wind turbine output prediction is performed again, the schedule information of the first control command for the pumped storage power generation facility 3 is created again, and the schedule information of the new first control command is output to the pumped storage power generation facility 3. It is good as well.
- the wind turbine output is predicted based on the wind condition prediction information.
- the present invention is not limited to this example.For example, a wind turbine output several minutes or tens of minutes ahead is predicted from the output history of the past wind turbine, A long-period component may be extracted based on the prediction result, and the pumped-storage power generation facility 3 and the power storage facility 4 may be controlled using the long-period component.
- the pumped-storage power generation equipment 3 was used as an equipment for leveling the fluctuation
- a power generation facility or the like that can intentionally vary the output may be used.
- the power storage facility 4 is used for leveling the short-term output fluctuations.
- so-called “Gradient Power Control” is used in wind turbine control. It is good as well.
- This “Gradient Power Control” is described in IEC6140025-2 as C.I. 2 is a control method defined in the item b of FIG. 2, and is a control method for suppressing the short-cycle output fluctuation of the windmill as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 shows a functional block diagram of the wind turbine controller 20 adopting Gradient Power Control.
- the low-pass filter (variation suppressing means) 21 is provided to suppress the fluctuation of the output command value.
- the windmill control device 20 includes a low-pass filter 21 and a rotation speed-output conversion table 22.
- the shaft rotational speed of the wind turbine 2 or the rotor rotational speed of the generator is leveled by passing through the low-pass filter 21, and an output command value corresponding to the speed after leveling. Is determined using the rotational speed-output conversion table 22.
- the determined output command value is output to a generator control device (not shown) and a pitch angle control device (not shown), and the generator and blade pitch angles are controlled.
- the rotational speed that is the input information is leveled by passing through a low-pass filter, and the output command value is set based on this level. Events can occur where the output does not increase accordingly. In such a case, surplus energy is used to increase the rotational speed of the rotor. At this time, the pitch angle is controlled to prevent the occurrence of excessive rotation.
- a low-pass filter 21 may be provided after the rotation speed-output conversion table 22.
- a rate limiter fluctuation suppression means
- the rate limiter can be provided at the position of the low-pass filter 21 shown in FIGS.
- the set value of the rate limiter is preferably set to a rate of change (for example, about 200 kW / sec) that contributes to suppression of short period fluctuations.
- the output command value is determined based on the rotational speed.
- the output command value may be determined based on the wind speed.
- a wind speed-output conversion table in which the wind speed is associated with the output command value is applied.
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Abstract
Description
また、米国特許第7,239,035号明細書には、風車と揚水発電とを組み合わせた発電システムが開示されている。
図1は、本実施形態に係る発電システムの全体構成を示す図である。図1に示されるように、発電システム1は、風車2と、風車2の長周期の出力変動を平準化するための揚水発電設備(可変出力発電設備)3と、風車2の短周期の出力変動を平準化するための電力貯蔵設備4と、中央制御装置(中央制御手段)5とを主な構成として備えている。
長周期成分抽出部12によって抽出された長周期成分は、第1制御指令生成部13及び第2制御指令生成部14に出力される。
このスケジュール情報は、(1)式に示すように、目標出力から長周期成分を減算することにより求められる。
このように、第2制御指令は、上記第1制御指令のように所定期間に渡ってスケジューリングされるものではなく、風車2の実測出力と長周期成分とに基づいてその都度決定されるものである。
まず、中央制御装置5の風車出力予測部11に風況予測情報が入力され、この風況予測情報から風車2の出力予測が得られる。続いて、長周期成分抽出部12において、風車2の出力予測から長周期成分が抽出され、この抽出された長周期成分が第1制御指令生成部13及び第2制御指令生成部14に出力される。
また、第2制御指令生成部14では、長周期成分と風車2の実測出力が入力され、これらの情報から第2制御指令が生成される。第2制御指令は送信部15を介して電力貯蔵設備4の制御装置43に送信される。
従って、短周期の出力変動の平準化に電力貯蔵設備4を、長周期の出力変動の平準化に揚水発電設備3を利用することにより、適切な応答性と適切な規模とを有する発電設備を用いた出力変動の平準化を実現させることが可能となる。これにより、長周期及び短周期の変動の平準化を電力貯蔵設備のみで行う従来の場合に比べて、システムのコストを低減することができる。
しかしながら、風車2の実際の出力と風車の予測出力とがあまりにも乖離している場合には、上記(2)式で算出される第2制御指令が電力貯蔵設備4の容量を超えてしまい、電力貯蔵設備4によっても変動を吸収しきれなくなってしまう。そこで、このような場合には、風車の出力予測を再度やり直し、揚水発電設備3に対する第1制御指令のスケジュール情報を再度作成し、新しい第1制御指令のスケジュール情報を揚水発電設備3へ出力することとしてもよい。
この「Gradient Power Control」は、IEC6140025-2においてC.2のb項に規定されている制御方法であり、図9に示すように、風車の短周期の出力変動を抑制する制御方法である。
なお、図10に示した構成の他、例えば、図11に示すように、回転数-出力変換テーブル22の後段にローパスフィルタ21を設けることとしても良い。
2 風車
3 揚水発電設備
4 電力貯蔵設備
5 中央制御装置
6 電力系統
20 風車制御装置
21 ローパスフィルタ
22 回転数-出力変換テーブル
31 ポンプ
32 下部貯水池
33 上部貯水池
34、43 制御装置
41 蓄電装置
42 電力変換装置
Claims (9)
- 風車と、
前記風車の長周期の出力変動を平準化するための可変出力発電設備と、
前記風車の短周期の出力変動を平準化するための電力貯蔵設備と、
前記風車、前記可変出力発電設備、および前記電力貯蔵設備に制御指令を与える中央制御手段と
を備え、
前記風車、前記可変出力発電設備、および前記電力貯蔵設備の出力は共通の電力系統に供給され、
前記長周期は1周期が数分以上であり、前記短周期は1周期が前記長周期よりも短い発電システム。 - 前記中央制御手段は、前記風車の出力予測から長周期成分を抽出し、抽出した長周期成分を平準化する第1制御指令を前記可変出力発電設備に出力する請求項1に記載の発電システム。
- 前記中央制御手段は、所定の期間に渡って、時刻と前記第1制御指令とが対応付けられた第1制御指令のスケジュール情報を前記可変出力発電設備へ出力する請求項2に記載の発電システム。
- 前記中央制御手段は、前記風車の立地エリアにおける風況予測情報を取得し、風況予測情報から前記風車の出力予測を得る請求項2または請求項3に記載の発電システム。
- 前記中央制御手段は、前記風車の実測出力から前記長周期成分を減算することにより第2制御指令を算出し、前記電力貯蔵設備に出力する請求項2から請求項4のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- 前記中央制御手段は、前記第2制御指令が前記電力貯蔵設備の容量を超えた場合に、前記風車の出力予測をやり直して、前記第1制御指令のスケジュール情報を再度作成し、作成した前記第1制御指令のスケジュール情報を前記可変出力発電設備に出力する請求項5に記載の発電システム。
- 前記可変出力発電設備は、揚水発電設備である請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- 短周期の出力変動を抑制する機能を有する風車と、
前記風車の長周期の出力変動を平準化するための可変出力発電設備と、
前記風車及び前記可変出力発電設備に制御指令を与える中央制御手段と
を備え、
前記風車及び前記可変出力発電設備の出力は共通の電力系統に供給され、
前記長周期は1周期が数分以上であり、前記短周期は1周期が前記長周期よりも短い発電システム。 - 前記風車は、回転数または風速に基づいて出力指令値を決定する風車制御手段を有し、
前記風車制御手段は、前記出力指令値の変動を許容範囲内に抑制する変動抑制手段を備える請求項8に記載の発電システム。
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JP2012507504A JP5449532B2 (ja) | 2011-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | 発電システム |
KR1020127034228A KR20130098189A (ko) | 2011-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | 발전 시스템 |
PCT/JP2011/078134 WO2013084288A1 (ja) | 2011-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | 発電システム |
US13/399,312 US20130144450A1 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2012-02-17 | Generator system |
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JP4848478B1 (ja) * | 2011-04-14 | 2011-12-28 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 風力発電設備の出力平準化方法及び風力発電設備の出力平準化装置 |
EP3096004A1 (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2016-11-23 | ABB Technology AG | Wind farm inertial response |
WO2017144061A1 (en) | 2016-02-24 | 2017-08-31 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Damping of a wind turbine tower oscillation |
JP7075861B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-09 | 2022-05-26 | 三菱重工エンジン&ターボチャージャ株式会社 | ハイブリッド発電システム、及び、ハイブリッド発電システムの制御方法 |
CN110417028B (zh) * | 2019-06-25 | 2021-01-01 | 武汉大学 | 含抽水蓄能电站与风电场的柔直系统协调故障穿越方法 |
KR20220064070A (ko) | 2020-11-11 | 2022-05-18 | (주)하이세븐 | 소비자 만족도가 뛰어나며 피쉬 콜라겐의 혈중 이행성이 우수한 음료 조성물 |
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- 2011-12-06 CN CN2011800363194A patent/CN103249946A/zh active Pending
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US20130144450A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
KR20130098189A (ko) | 2013-09-04 |
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