WO2013082650A1

WO2013082650A1 - Respiration apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2013082650A1
Application number: PCT/AU2012/001478
Authority: WO
Inventors: Eric Fu; Dan Kao; Alexander Virr; John Michael Snow; Damian Charles Johnson
Original assignee: Paftec Technologies Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2011-12-05
Filing date: 2012-12-05
Publication date: 2013-06-13
Also published as: TWI632934B; ES2900864T3; TW201350167A; TW201347804A

Abstract

A respiration apparatus, includes an air flow generator, a filter, and a delivery airway, the air flow generator being arranged to generate positive pressure air flow, the filter being arranged to filter air prior to inhalation by a user, and the delivery airway being arranged to transport the positively pressurised air and to connect to a mask to deliver the pressurised and filtered air to the mask for respiration by a user of the respiration apparatus.

Description

Respiration Apparatus

Field

The present disclosure relates to respiration apparatus and, especially, but not exclusively, to improvements to powered air purifying respirators. Background

Respiration apparatus such as powered air purifying respirators (PAPR) are known generally, for use in polluted environments. A typical PAPR comprises a powered impeller arranged to draw air from the atmosphere and a filter element through which the air is passed. The impeller positively pressurises the air and transfers it to a user's airways via a mask. PAPR devices are used where the environment is heavily polluted or hazardous . Such environments include polluted industrial areas, hospitals and other potentially hazardous environments .

Conventional PAPRs tend to be bulky, awkward, and

uncomfortable to wear. This is a disincentive to their use. Typical PAPRs are difficult to wear and use for long periods .

The present Applicants have designed a low profile "PAPR" which is less bulky and is more convenient to use. The present Applicant' s PAPR is described in International (PCT) Patent Application No. PCT/AU2010/000902 , the disclosure of which is incorporated in this document by reference . In order to limit exposure to urban pollutants such as car exhausts, industrial waste gases and other pollutants, it is well known to use conventional dust masks or surgical masks. These masks may also be used in the attempt to guard against transmission of pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, both to protect the wearer and as a courtesy to others to reduce the likelihood of transmission by a user who is infected. Such "domestic" masks only provide very limited protection, however. Due to air leakage around the masks, even when the filter material is high quality, protection is still relatively ineffective.

Further, resistance to breathing is imposed by the filter media, so the user has to breathe harder than they would without a mask. It is difficult for anyone to use such a mask comfortably, or for prolonged periods.

Further, CO₂ and H₂0 vapour, and possibly pathogens, accumulate inside the mask, which tends to make use more uncomfortable and/or result in a wearer inhaling pathogens which have previously been exhaled. The higher the level of filtration offered by the filter media the higher the flow resistance it usually imposes. Such passive

"domestic" masks are difficult to use particularly for people with weak or impaired respiratory systems, such as the elderly, children, the sick, asthmatics and others .

Further, conventional domestic masks are not suitable for people who are exercising and therefore respiring heavily, such as cyclists and runners.

Much of the general public remain exposed in cities to bad air quality.

Typical PAPRs are not suitable for domestic use, being relatively heavy, bulky and uncomfortable.

Summary

In accordance with a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a respiration apparatus, comprising an air flow generator, a filter, and a delivery airway, the air flow generator being arranged to generate positive pressure air flow, the filter being arranged to filter air prior to inhalation by a user, and the delivery airway being arranged to transport the positively pressurised air and to connect to a mask to deliver the pressurised and filtered air to the mask for respiration by a user of the

respiration apparatus. In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus further comprises an exhaust airway arranged to transport exhaust air from the mask to an exhaust outlet, spaced from the mask, from which the exhaust air is released. In an embodiment, the delivery airway extends away from the mask in a first direction and the exhaust airway extends away from the mask in a second direction.

In an embodiment, the delivery airway is arranged to extend adjacent a first side of a user's head and neck, and the exhaust airway is arranged to extend adjacent a second side of a user's head and neck.

In an embodiment, the air flow generator is housed in an air flow generator unit spaced apart from the mask.

In an embodiment, the filter is housed in the air flow generator unit. In an embodiment the respiration apparatus is configured so that in use the airflow generator unit is located to a first side of the user's head.

In an embodiment, the air flow generator is electrically powered, and the respiration apparatus further comprises at least one component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent. In an embodiment, the air flow generator is electrically powered, and at least one said component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent comprises a power supply to supply electrical power to the air flow generator .

In an embodiment, the air flow generator is electronically controlled, and the at least one said component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent comprises electronic control circuitry to control the air flow generator .

In an embodiment, the at least one said component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent comprises at least one sensor to sense at least one characteristic of air generated from the air flow generator or exhausted from the mask, and to provide an output for use in controlling operation of the air flow generator.

In an embodiment, at least one said sensor comprises an air pressure sensor.

In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus is configured so that in use the at least one said component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent is located to a second side of the user's head.

In an embodiment, the at least one said component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent is provided in a component housing unit.

In an embodiment, the air flow generator unit and the component housing unit are arranged to provide a space between the rearmost parts thereof, the space allowing the respiration apparatus to be slid onto a user from the front of the user. The component housing unit may comprise an exhaust outlet of the respiration apparatus. In this case components may be positioned in the component housing unit so as to allow air to be exhausted, and some or all the components may be sealed to prevent contact with the exhaust air, as

appropriate .

One or more pressure sensors may be provided at or close to the exhaust outlet, to facilitate control of the

respiration apparatus, and in particular control of the air flow generator based on the breathing of the user.

In an embodiment, the component housing unit is distinct from, and spaced apart from, the airflow generator unit.

In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus is configured so that in use the component housing unit and the airflow generator unit are located at substantially opposite sides of the user's head.

In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus comprises an electrical connector which extends between the component housing unit and the airflow generator unit.

In an embodiment, the electrical connector extends along at least one airway of the respiration apparatus .

In an embodiment, the electrical connector extends across the mask.

In an embodiment, a cover portion of the respiration apparatus may be provided to cover the electrical

connector .

In an embodiment, the electrical connector is external to the rest of the respiration apparatus.

In an embodiment, the electrical connector is configured to hang in front of a user. In such an embodiment the electrical connector may have the appearance of a necklace.

In an embodiment, the electrical connector extends along a headband which connects first and second sides of the respiration apparatus. The headband may assist in locating the respiration apparatus relative to the user. The headband may be configured to extend substantially over the top of the head of a user.

In an embodiment, the electrical connector extends along a resilient band which assists in locating the respiration apparatus relative to the user. The resilient band may be configured to pass behind the head or neck of a user, in use . In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus comprises a locating arrangement for locating the respiration apparatus relative to the user.

In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus comprises a locating arrangement for locating the respiration apparatus relative to the user so that the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with a substantial portion of the mass of the powered air respiration

apparatus directly above at least one shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with at least 40 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above at least one shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with most of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above at least one shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with at least 60 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above at least one shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with at least 20 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above one shoulder of the user, and at least 20 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above the other shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with at least 25 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above one shoulder of the user, and at least 25 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above the other shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with at least 30 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above one shoulder of the user, and at least 30 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above the other shoulder of the user. In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with at least 35 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above one shoulder of the user, and at least 35 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above the other shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with no substantial bulk of the apparatus located behind the neck of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with no substantial mass of the apparatus located behind the neck of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus further comprises a portable power supply to power the air flow generator and the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with the air flow generator located directly above one shoulder of the user, and portable power supply located directly above the other shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus further comprises control electronics to control the air flow generator and the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with the air flow generator located directly above one shoulder of the user, and control electronics located directly above the other shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus further comprises at least one sensor to sense air pressure and/or flow the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with the air flow generator located directly above one shoulder of the user, and at least one said sensor located directly above the other shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with substantially all of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus supported by the head and/or neck of the user.

In an embodiment the portable power supply comprises a battery .

In relation to statements relating to the position or location of mass or features in relation to the shoulder or shoulders of a user, it should be assumed that the user is facing forwards and that the ears of the user are generally above the front-most parts the shoulders of the user.

In an embodiment, the air flow generator is arranged to generate positive pressure air flow, and the delivery airway is arranged to transport the positively pressurised air and to connect to the mask to deliver the pressurised air to the mask for respiration by a user of the

respiration apparatus.

In an embodiment the locating arrangement comprises first and second opposed limbs, configured to extend away from the mask along respective first and second sides of a user's head or neck to thereby locate the respiration apparatus relative to the head or neck of the user.

In an embodiment, each of the first and second limbs comprises a free end distal from the mask and a connected end connected to the mask.

In an embodiment the first limb is as least partially provided by the delivery airway.

In an embodiment the second limb is as least partially provided by an exhaust airway.

In an embodiment, the first and second limbs incorporate the airways . In an embodiment, the first and second limbs are arranged to extend to the neck of the user. In an embodiment, the first and second limbs are arranged to provide a space between the rearmost parts thereof, the space allowing the respiration apparatus to be slid onto a user from the front of the user.

In an embodiment, the space between the rearmost parts of the first and second limbs is provided when the air flow generator unit is attached to the first limb and the component housing is attached to the second limb.

The first and second limbs may have some resilience so that they may be slipped about the face and neck of the user, to support the respiration apparatus. In an embodiment, the first and second limbs are arranged so that they are resiliently biased towards each other when they are positioned on opposing sides of a user' s head and/or neck. In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus comprises a limb coupling arrangement for coupling the first and second limbs behind the neck in order to provide support to the respiration apparatus relative to a user. In an embodiment, the coupling arrangement comprises at least one flexible member.

In an embodiment, at least one said flexible member is detachable from at least one of the first and second limbs.

In an embodiment, the coupling arrangement comprises at least one resilient member.

In an embodiment, at least one said resilient member is detachable from at least one of the first and second limbs.

In an embodiment, the coupling arrangement comprises a first resilient member connected to the first limb and a second resilient member connected to the second limb, the first and second resilient members being arranged to be repeatedly mutually coupled and decoupled.

In an embodiment at least one of the first and second limbs comprises a head engagement part for engaging the head of the user. In an embodiment the head engagement part is not part of an airway .

In an embodiment the head engagement part extends from a free end of an airway.

In an embodiment at least one of the first and second limbs comprises a neck engagement part for engaging the neck of the user. In an embodiment the neck engagement part is not part of an airway .

In an embodiment the neck engagement part extends from a free end of an airway.

In an embodiment, the locating arrangement comprises headgear wearable on a user's head and connected to the rest of the respiration apparatus to provide support therefor .

The headgear may, for example, comprise a headband, a hat, a bandana, a helmet, ear muffs, a sun visor.

In an embodiment, a separate neck pad may be connected to at least one of the first and second limbs at points away from the mask, and be used to provide further support to the respiration apparatus when mounted on the user. In an embodiment, supports extend from the first and second limbs and comprise hooks arranged to hook over the ears of a user to provide further support.

In an embodiment, supports extend from the first and second limbs and are connected to form a head band arranged to go over the head of the user and provide support.

In an embodiment, the locating arrangement comprises a headband which connects first and second sides of the respiration apparatus. The headband may comprise at least two mutually slideable members, facilitating adjustment of the length thereof. The headband may be configured to extend substantially over the top of the head of a user.

In an embodiment, the locating arrangement comprises a resilient band connected to the first and second limbs . The resilient band may be configured to pass behind the head or neck of a user, in use.

In an embodiment, the air flow generator unit is mounted the first limb.

In an embodiment, the component housing is mounted to the second limb.

In an embodiment, the exhaust airway may be provided with a further filter for filtering the exhaust air before it exits the respiration apparatus .

In an embodiment, the further filter comprises a filter housing arranged to receive and mount a filter medium. The filter medium may be replaced from time to time when it has been used.

In an embodiment, the filter housing comprises a further filter medium mounting portion, arranged to receive one or more additional filter medium components to provide additional filtration.

In an embodiment, the air flow generator is mounted in the air flow generator unit by a suspension arrangement which damps vibration of the air flow generator to reduce transmission of vibration to an external housing of the air flow generator unit. In an embodiment the suspension arrangement comprises a first mounting portion coupled to the air flow generator, a second mounting portion coupled to the air flow generator unit and a resilient connection portion connected to, and between the first and second mounting portions.

In an embodiment the first mounting portion comprises an inner part of the suspension arrangement and the second mounting portion comprises an outer part of the suspension arrangement .

In an embodiment the first mounting portion is

substantially surrounded by the second mounting portion.

In an embodiment the first mounting portion is spaced apart from the second mounting portion by the connection portion.

In an embodiment the first mounting portion is

substantially circular. In an embodiment the second mounting portion is

substantially annular.

In an embodiment the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion are substantially coplanar.

In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus may comprise a supplementary power supply which can, in use, be connected to the respiration apparatus. The supplementary power supply may comprise a power supply mounting arranged to mount a battery. The power supply mounting may be arranged to be mounted to the respiration apparatus.

In an embodiment the respiration apparatus further

comprises a user interface.

In an embodiment the respiration apparatus comprises a communication module for receipt of input data from a user.

In an embodiment the input data comprises data for setting at least one operation parameter of the respiration apparatus .

In an embodiment at least one said operation parameter comprises one or more settings for air pressure provided to the mask. In an embodiment the communication module is a wireless communication module.

In an embodiment the communication module is for

communication with a remote computerised device.

In an embodiment the communication module is for

communication with a mobile phone.

In an embodiment the communication module is for

communication with a remote control for the respiration apparatus .

In an embodiment the communication module is Bluetooth (TM) enabled .

In an embodiment the communication module is configured for communication of data to a remote computerised device. The data may be operation data relating to the operation of the respiration apparatus.

In an embodiment the communication module is configured for transmitting speech to a mobile phone.

In an embodiment the respiration apparatus may comprise a microphone . In an embodiment the communication module is configured for receipt of audio data from a mobile phone.

In an embodiment the respiration device may comprise a headset or earpiece for providing audio to the user.

In an embodiment the communication module is configured to transmit audio data to a headset or earpiece for providing audio to the user.

In an embodiment the respiration device may comprise cancellation functionality.

In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus comprises a bypass arrangement, which is arranged to enable air flow to bypass the air flow generator in a non-powered mode of the respiration apparatus. This has the advantage of reducing resistance to airflow which may be caused by the airflow generator when it is not operating. This enables a user to still breathe relatively freely, when the air flow

generator is not operating. In an embodiment, the bypass arrangement comprises a manifold and a bypass valve.

Some embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure may be utilised primarily for domestic application.

Lightweight versions which utilise disposable masks are particularly suited for domestic application. Versions with washable masks that are intended to be used more than once may also be used domestically, however.

In an embodiment the respiration apparatus provides a positive air pressure which is slightly above that of the ambient air pressure to ensure that positive air flow occurs in the mask towards the user's airway to facilitate inhalation. The positive air pressure will generally not be very great, as normally users are able to inhale under their own power and inhalation should not be forced by a large air pressure. In an embodiment the respiration apparatus provides a pressure internal to the mask of no more than 4cm of water. In an embodiment the respiration apparatus provides a pressure internal to the mask of no more than 3cm of water.

In an embodiment, the exhaust airway may be provided with an exhalation valve which controls egress of exhaust air from the exhaust airway (and hence from the mask) . In an embodiment, the mask is a domestic mask.

In an embodiment, the mask is a disposable mask.

In an embodiment, the domestic mask may be a conventional paper or cardboard or plastics or surgical mask. Such masks may already be available, the respiration apparatus, in this embodiment, being arranged for use with such masks An advantage of the respiration apparatus of this

embodiment is that conventional masks used by the general public may be converted into PAPRs by incorporation into the respiration apparatus. The conventional mask may be disposable after use, the respiration apparatus being retained for use with a replacement mask.

In an embodiment, the airway includes an airway connector for connecting the airway to the mask, to allow air flow into the mask to the user' s airway . Presently available conventional masks are not arranged for connection to an airway for providing positive pressured air. In an embodiment, a conventional mask is connected to the airway of the respiration apparatus by a hole provided in the otherwise conventional mask.

In an embodiment, a hole punch may be provided to make the hole. In an embodiment the respiration apparatus may comprise a connector arranged to connect the airway to the hole .

In an embodiment, the connector may include a device arranged to make a hole in a conventional mask.

The respiration apparatus of this embodiment advantageously enables the provision of positively pressurised and filtered air to a domestic-style mask, for example a disposable mask. Advantageously, this makes it easier for a user to breathe than with conventional, unpowered domestic masks. When the user exhales, the exhaled air may escape out of the sides of the mask and also through the conventional mask filter material, as well as through the exhaust airway, if provided. Positive air pressure inside the mask, means that less or no air is likely to enter via the sides of the mask. The user is therefore better protected from unfiltered air.

An advantage of the respiration apparatus in accordance with an embodiment, is that the generator unit may be retained, and masks may be disposed of or washed

separately. The airway can be connected to a new mask or a washed mask. At least an embodiment has the advantage that it can be used domestically to reduce intake of air pollution in urban areas. For example, it may be used by pedestrians, cyclists and others. In one embodiment, air exhaust is via the mask and/or sides of the mask.

In an embodiment one or more exhaust air outlets may be provided in the mask.

In an embodiment one or more exhaust air outlets may comprise an exhaust air filter. In an embodiment one or more exhaust air outlets may comprise an exhaust air valve.

The exhaust air valve may be configured to be closed when air pressure in the mask is below a threshold pressure and to be open when air pressure in the mask is above said threshold pressure.

The exhaust air valve may be configured to be open during at least part of the exhalation phase of a user' s

respiration.

The exhaust air valve may be configured to be closed during phase of a user's respiration other than exhalation. The apparatus may be arranged to be used with a disposable mask, as discussed above, or may be arranged to be used with a non-disposable mask. In an embodiment, the

respiration apparatus comprises a mask which is intended to be used repeatedly. The mask may be of resilient plastics material such as silicone. In an embodiment, the mask may be arranged to conform with the user's face.

In an embodiment, a mask for use with the respiration apparatus incorporates one or more features which

facilitate wearing comfort. In an embodiment, the mask has a top portion which is arranged to sit proximate the nose of a user, and the top portion incorporates a resilient structural feature enabling the top part to flex to accommodate the user's nose.

In an embodiment, the resilient structural feature

comprises a bellows arrangement, arranged to compress and expand .

In an embodiment, an area arranged to contact the user's face comprises a thinner wall section.

The area arranged to contact the user's face may comprise a gel cushion to facilitate comfort and/or sealing against the nose and/or face.

In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus may comprise a mask which is arranged to surround the mouth of the user but not the nose. In an embodiment, nose plugs extend from a top part of the mouth surrounding mask and are arranged to be inserted within the nostrils of the user. This results in a low profile mask which can advantageously be used with goggles or glasses without the mask getting in the way of the goggles or glasses. In an embodiment, passageways may be provided within the nose plugs to allow air communication between the interior of the mask and the user ' s nose .

In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus comprises a mask which is arranged to surround the nasal orifices of a user and leave the mouth exposed. The user can therefore still talk and filtered air is still supplied to the nasal passageways for breathing.

In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus comprises acover to cover at least a portion of the mask.

In an embodiment, the respiration apparatus comprises a mask arrangement, comprising a mask scaffold arranged to support a cover. The cover may be relatively soft and flexible. The cover may be arranged to cover a user's nose and/or mouth openings and provide a volume for containing the filtered air. The cover may be arranged to cover a mask provided between the cover and the user's nose and/or mouth openings. The cover may be supported so that at least part of the cover hangs from a cover support. The cover support may be arranged in use to be at a height on the user' s head not substantially lower than the tops of the user's ears. The cover may be arranged to be supported over at least part of the user's face in the manner of a veil.

In an embodiment, the cover, or a portion of the cover, is not flexible and is arranged to convey sound, so that a user can talk through the mask.

In an embodiment, the airway comprises airway walls defining an enclosed airway channel. In an embodiment, the airway comprises an airway chassis which is arranged to extend to the mask to provide filtered air into the mask. In an embodiment, the airway chassis extends over the front of the mask, one or more openings are provided in the chassis coinciding with one or more openings in the mask, to convey air into the mask. In this embodiment, the chassis may provide additional support for the mask.

In accordance with a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a mask arranged to surround at least the nose orifices of a user, the mask having a top portion which is arranged to sit proximate the nose of a user, the top portion incorporating a resilient structural feature enabling the top portion to flex to accommodate the user' s nose.

In an embodiment, the mask is arranged for use with a powered air purifying respirator.

In accordance with a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a mask arranged to surround the mouth and/or nose orifices of a user, the mask having an area arranged to contact the person' s face comprising a wall section relatively thinner than the rest of the mask.

In an embodiment, at least a portion of the area also comprises a gel cushion arranged to facilitate comfort against the user's face.

In accordance with a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a mask arranged to surround the mouth of a user but not to surround the nose orifices. In an embodiment, the mask comprises a pair of nose plugs extending from the mask and being arranged to be inserted within the nostrils of the user.

In an embodiment, passageways are provided within the nose plugs to allow air communication between the interior of the mask and the user's nose.

In an embodiment, the mask may be arranged for use with a powered air purifying respirator.

In accordance with a fifth aspect, the present disclosure provides a mask which is arranged to surround only the nasal orifices of a user and leave the mouth exposed. In an embodiment, the mask is arranged for use with a powered air purifying respirator. In accordance with a sixth aspect, the present disclosure provides a mask arrangement, comprising a mask scaffold arranged to support a cover arranged to surround the mouth and/or nose orifices of a user.

In an embodiment, the mask arrangement is arranged for use with a powered air purifying respirator.

In accordance with a seventh aspect, the present disclosure provides a mask arranged to cover the mouth and/or nose orifices of a user and comprising a relatively rigid portion of the mask which enables transmission of sound.

In embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure, a powered air respirator may comprise a generator unit for generating positively pressurised and filtered air. In one embodiment, the generator unit is mounted in the housing arranged to be positioned, in use, on the back of the neck of the user.

In accordance with an eighth aspect, the present disclosure provides a cooling device which is arranged to be used with a powered air respirator having a housing arranged to be mounted at the neck, the cooling device being arranged to be positioned between the neck mounted housing and the neck of the user.

In an embodiment, the cooling device comprises a pad which can be cooled by refrigeration and placed on a surface of the neck mounted housing, proximate the neck, to keep the neck cool .

In accordance with a ninth aspect, the present disclosure provides a powered air respiration apparatus comprising an air flow generator, a delivery airway, a mask and a locating arrangement for locating the respiration apparatus relative to the user so that the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with a substantial portion of the mass of the powered air respiration

apparatus directly above at least one shoulder of the user. In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with at least 40 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above at least one shoulder of the user. In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with most of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above at least one shoulder of the user. In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with at least 60 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above at least one shoulder of the user. In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with at least 20 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above one shoulder of the user, and at least 20 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above the other shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with at least 30 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above one shoulder of the user, and at least 30 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above the other shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus be worn and used by a user with no substantial mass of apparatus located behind the neck of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus further comprises a portable power supply to power the air flow generator and the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with the air flow generator located directly above one shoulder of the user, and portable power supply directly above the other shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus further comprises control electronics to control the air flow generator and the powered air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with the air flow generator located directly above one shoulder of the user, and control electronics directly above the other shoulder of the user.

In an embodiment the portable power supply comprises a battery . In an embodiment, the air flow generator is arranged to generate positive pressure air flow, and the delivery airway is arranged to transport the positively pressurised air and to connect to the mask to deliver the pressurised air to the mask for respiration by a user of the

respiration apparatus.

In an embodiment, the powered air respiration apparatus further comprises a filter arranged to filter air prior to entry to the mask.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a view from above, in partial cross section, of an embodiment of a respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure;

Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view, in partial cross section, of the embodiment of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a further schematic perspective view, in partial cross section, of the embodiment of Figure 1 in a different orientation;

Figure 4 is a cross sectional view, of a first-side unit of the respiration apparatus embodiment of Figure 1, showing an air flow generator and filter unit connected to part of an airway;

Figure 5 is a plan view of an element of the first-side unit of Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the first-side unit of Figure 4 with a cover removed, showing the element of Figure 5 in situ;

Figure 7 is a cross sectional view of a second-side unit of the respiration apparatus embodiment of Figure 1, showing schematically location of a battery and electronics connected to part of an airway;

Figure 8 is perspective view of the battery, with integral mounting plate, of the component of Figure 7;

Figure 9 is a perspective view of the second-side unit of Figure 7 with a cover removed, showing the battery with integral mounting plate, of Figure 8, in situ; Figures 10A and 10B are respective rear-side and front-side perspective views illustrating of the embodiment of Figures 1 to 9;

Figures IOC, 10D and 10E are respective side, front perspective and rear perspective views illustrating of the embodiment of Figures 1 to 9 being worn by a user;

Figure 11a is a block diagram illustrating the main components of an embodiment of a respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure;

Figure lib a block diagram illustrating further detail of components which may be included in embodiments of

respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure;

Figure 12 is a block diagram illustrating the physical layout of components of an embodiment of a respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure which has distinct first-side and second-side units;

Figure 13 is a block diagram similar to the block diagram of Figure 12 illustrating additional components;

Figure 14 is an illustration of an embodiment of a mask for use with a respiration apparatus in accordance with an embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure, and support for the mask, being worn by a user;

Figure 15 is a section on line A-A of Figure 14; Figure 16 is an illustration of a further embodiment of a mask for use with a respiration apparatus in accordance with an embodiment in accordance with the present

disclosure, and support for the mask, being worn by a user; Figure 17 is a section on line B-B of Figure 16;

Figure 18 is an illustration of a further embodiment of a mask for use with a respiration apparatus in accordance with an embodiment, and support for the mask, being worn by a user;

Figure 19 is an illustration of a further embodiment of a mask for use with a respiration apparatus in accordance with an embodiment, and parts of inlet and outlet airways, disconnected from the rest of the apparatus;

Figure 20 is an illustration of an alternative embodiment of respiration apparatus; Figure 21 is an illustration of an alternative embodiment of respiration apparatus;

Figure 22 is an illustration of interior parts of the embodiment of Figure 21 which provide air to a user;

Figure 23 is an illustration of an alternative embodiment of respiration apparatus; Figure 24 is a cross sectional view of parts of the embodiment of Figure 23 which provide air to a user; Figure 25 is an illustration of an alternative embodiment of respiration apparatus;

Figure 26 is a cross sectional view of parts of the embodiment of Figure 25 which provide air to a user;

Figure 27 is an illustration of an alternative embodiment of respiration apparatus;

Figure 28A is an illustration of an alternative embodiment of respiration apparatus, which includes a mask cover;

Figure 28B is an exploded view showing elements of the embodiment of Figure 28; Figure 29 is an illustration of an alternative embodiment of a mask cover for use with a respiration apparatus, which covers at least part of the user's face in the manner of a veil ; Figure 30 is a perspective view of a releasable connection arrangement which may be used in embodiments of respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure, showing parts of the connection arrangement disconnected; Figure 31 is a perspective view of the releasable

connection arrangement of Figure 30, showing parts of the connection arrangement connected;

Figures 32a, 32b and 32c are perspective, top and side views respectively of a further embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 33 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of a respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 34 is a perspective view of a respiration apparatus in accordance with a further embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure;

Figure 35 is a perspective view of a respiration apparatus in accordance with a further embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure;

Figure 36 illustrates a cooling device for use with an embodiment of a respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure;

Figures 37a, 37b and 37c are perspective, plan and

sectional views of a filter arrangement for use with an embodiment of a respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure;

Figure 38 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of a respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure;

Figure 39A is a detail of Figure 38 illustrating

alternative arrangements for facilitating support of the respiration apparatus; Figure 39B is an enlarged view of a generator unit of

Figures 38 and 39A, and illustrates use of the filter of Figures 37a, 37b and 37c therewith;

Figure 40 is a block diagram illustrating use of a separate power/battery pack which may be used with embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 41 is an exploded perspective view showing parts which may be included in, or used with, embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 42 is a perspective view from above and one side of an exhalation filter which may be used with embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure;

Figure 43 is a disassembled view of the filter of Figure 42;

Figure 44 is a sectional view of the filter of Figure 42; and Figures 45 and 46 are exploded views of an embodiment of a bypass arrangement, which may be used in embodiments according to the present disclosure.

Detailed Description of Embodiments

With reference to Figures 1 to 9 an embodiment of a respiration apparatus, in the form of a powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) system, suitable for domestic and general consumer use will now be described.

The respiration apparatus of Figures 1 to 9, generally designated 1, comprises a mask 2, which, in use, is arranged to form a chamber about the mouth and/or nose orifices of a user. The chamber formed by the mask 2 is arranged to receive filtered air which, in this example, is under positive pressure. The respiration apparatus 1 further comprises an air flow generator housing 3. In this example, the air flow generator comprises an impeller 4 with which is arranged to positively pressure air drawn in from the outside environment, and which is driven by motor 5. The air flow generator housing 3 also comprises a filter 6 arranged to filter the air, and a connection portion 7 for attachment to an inlet airway 8 which is arranged to convey positively pressurised air from the air flow generator housing 3 to the mask 2. The air flow generator housing 3, especially (but not always) when considered in conjunction with the components it contains, may be regarded as an example an air flow generator unit, which may referred to, herein, as a generator unit. It will be appreciated that in this embodiment the air flow generator housing 3 is adapted to be located on a first side of a user's head or neck, generally in the region of an ear of the user, and that the inlet airway 8 extends forwardly from the air flow generator housing 3 to the mask 2 along the first side of the user's head to the mouth/nose region of the user where the mask 2 is positioned in use.

The mask 2 in this (and certain other embodiments) may be formed substantially from silicone or a silicone based material. Such a mask may be substantially transparent. Alternatively the mask may be translucent or opaque, and may be coloured, metallicised or otherwise decorated in order to enhance aesthetic appeal.

The respiration apparatus 1 further comprises a component housing 10, within which is provided a number of components which may power, control, or otherwise influence operation of the impeller 4. The component housing 10 contains a component in the form of a battery 11 which acts as a power source for the motor 5 which drives the impeller 4. The component housing 10 further contains componentry in the form of electronic circuitry 12 which controls the motor 5 and impeller 4 (as will be described in more detail hereafter) . As part of the electronic circuitry, or as a separate component, the component housing 10 further contains one or more pressure sensors (not separately shown in Figures 1 to 10, but designated by reference numeral 12a in Figures 12 and 13) . The component housing 10 defines an exhaust passageway 13 for allowing exhaust air (for example air exhaled by a user) to exit the respiration apparatus 1. The component housing 10 further comprises a connection portion 14 for attachment to an exhaust airway 15 which is arranged to convey exhaust air from the mask 2 to the exhaust passageway 13. The pressure sensors are arranged to measure exhaust air flow or pressure at or close to the exhaust passageway 13.

It will be appreciated that the component housing 10 is adapted to be located on a second side of a user' s head or neck, in this embodiment generally in the region of an ear of the user, and that the exhaust airway 15 extends rearwardly from mask 2, at the mouth/nose region of the user, along a second side of the user's head, to the component housing 10. Thus, in use, the respiration apparatus 1 may be regarded as being generally ^'-shaped, and may be regarded as having opposed first and second limbs, which in this embodiment are provided at least partly by the respective inlet and exhaust airways 8, 15, by the respective connection portions 7, 14 and by

respective first and second additional user-contacting portions 16, 17 which project from the connection portions 7, 14, and which are adapted to enhance engagement with the user's head or neck. It will be appreciated that in this embodiment the connection portions 7, 14, the inlet and exhaust airways 8, 15 and the additional user-contacting portions 16, 17 are made of an appropriate plastic, which provides a degree of resilience (elasticity) sufficient to allow the limbs to be biased towards each other when the respiration apparatus 1 is worn on a user's head or neck.

The open space between the air flow generator housing 3 and the component housing 10 allows the respiration apparatus 1 to be slid onto a user's head and/or neck from the front, which is a convenient way of donning a respiration

apparatus and will be familiar to most users due to its similarity to donning glasses or sunglasses. With reference especially to Figures 4 to 6, some further description of the air flow generator housing 3 will be provided. The filter 6 may comprise a filter cavity 18 defined by the air flow generator housing 3 in which one or more suitable filter media (not shown) may be replaceably retained. The motor 5 is suspended relative to the air flow generator housing 3 by a motor suspension element which in this embodiment is in the form of a motor

suspension plate 19 which has a generally annular portion 20 for attachment to the air flow generator housing 3, for example by screws 21. The motor suspension plate 19 further comprises a generally circular plate portion 22 which fits within and is concentric with the generally annular portion 20. The generally circular plate portion 22 is, in use, attached to the motor 5, for example by screws 23. The generally circular plate portion 22 is coupled to the generally annular portion 20 by a somewhat flexible resilient connection region 24, which may be formed by rubber overmoulded onto the other parts of the motor suspension plate. The somewhat flexible resilient connection region 24 thus provides a suspension effect between the generally circular plate portion 22 and the generally annular portion 20, assisting in isolating the exterior walls of the air flow generator housing 3 from vibrations emanating from the motor 5, and providing quiet, low vibration operation.

The motor suspension plate 19 is provided generally between the filter 6 and an inlet to the connection portion 7, but allows airflow from the filter 6 into the connection portion 7 (through which the air, driven by the impeller 4, flows into the inlet airway) by provision of one or more gaps between the generally annular portion 20 and an interior wall 25 of the air flow generator housing 3 to provide a suitable fluid passageway 26.

As illustrated in Figure 6, the connection portion 7 of the air flow generator housing 3 is provided with a connection configuration 27 adapted to allow quick and easy connection to and disconnection from the inlet airway 8, which is provided with complementary connection configuration. The connection between the connection portion 7 and the inlet airway 8 may be in the form of a bayonet type connection, or any other suitable type of connection. The connection portion 14 of the component housing 10 may include a similar connection configuration, to allow quick and easy connection and disconnection of the component housing 10 from the exhaust airway 15, which may be provided with complementary connection configuration.

With reference especially to Figures 7 to 9, some further description of the component housing 10 will be provided. The component housing 10 may comprise a filter cavity 28, defined by walls 29 of the component housing 10, in which one or more suitable filter media (not shown) may be replaceably retained. Filtering exhaust air can assist in avoiding transmission of pathogens from an infected user to other persons in the vicinity.

Use of one or more suitable filter media, in addition to electronic control of the motor 5 and impeller 4 can allow a desired low level of positive pressure to be maintained in the mask 2. It should be appreciated that the

electronic circuitry 12 can control the motor 5 and impeller 4 for example in response to pressure variations in the exhaust air sensed at or close to the exhaust passageway 13 of a user. This can allow a desired positive pressure to be maintained in the mask, and if desired can allow differing amounts of positive air pressure to be provided at different stages of the user's respiration cycle, and/or in response to indications that the user's breathing falls outside predetermined or selected

parameters (for example due to exertion or illness) . In embodiments intended for general use, for example use by healthy or near-healthy pedestrians or vehicle passengers, the respiration apparatus provides a positive air pressure which is slightly above that of the ambient air pressure to ensure that positive air flow occurs in the mask towards to facilitate inhalation. The positive air pressure will generally be quite small, as normally users are able to inhale with little or no assistance and inhalation should not be forced by a large air pressure. In an embodiment the respiration apparatus provides a pressure internal to the mask of no more than 3cm of water.

As an alternative to providing filter media in filter cavity 28, or additional to such filter media, the

component housing 10 may be provided with an exhalation valve 30 which controls egress of exhaust air from the exhaust airway (and hence from the mask) .

As illustrated in Figures 7 to 9, in this embodiment the battery 11 is provided with a battery mounting plate 31, which maybe formed integrally with the battery casing. The battery mounting plate 31 allows the battery 11 to be seated on one or more battery supports 32 provided in the component housing 10. The battery mounting plate 31 may be engaged by a battery retention clip 33 which may be a suitably formed resilient part of the component housing 10. The battery mounting plate 31 is provided generally between the filter cavity 28/exhalation valve 30 and an inlet to the connection portion 14, but allows airflow by provision of one or more gaps between the battery mounting plate 31 and an interior wall 34 of the component housing 10 to maintain the exhaust passageway 13. As best shown in Figure 8 the battery mounting plate 31, in this embodiment, is not entirely circular, and thus provides at least one gap between the battery mounting plate 31 and a generally circular interior wall 34 of the component housing 10.

It will be appreciated that the battery 11 and electronic circuitry 12 should be in electrical communication with the motor 5 and impeller 4. Options for providing such connection include the following. According to a first option a fixed cable connection is provided along the mask and airways. The cable or cables can be hidden behind a decorative curved cover piece that covers the mask and airways. Such a cable connection may be permanently fixed at the airflow generator housing 3 and the component housing 10. The mask 2 and the airways 8, 15 may be removed for cleaning but the cable and the cover piece would preferably be non-detachable from the airflow generator housing 3 and the component housing 10 (although a

variation in which the cable is connected to the airflow generator housing 3 and the component housing 10 by suitable detachable connectors, such as plug/socket arrangements which are known per se, is possible) .

According to a second option a fixed cable connection is provided along a head band. The head band may be adjustable in a similar way to the headband of known types of

headphone, and the cable or cables are inserted in the band and configured to have adjustable length. According to a third option a detachable connection cable or cables is provided behind the neck of a user as part of an

adjustable-length and/or elastic band. The cables may be made in two parts, be configured to have adjustable length, and be joinable by means of a suitable connection at the back of the neck. When combined with an adjustable-length and/or elastic band, the cables may serve also as part of mask fastening strap. According to a fourth option a detachable cable or cables are located in front of the neck, and lie against the use in the manner of a necklace. The cable (s), or a band including the cable (s), can be decoratively made for easy acceptance. Figures 10A and 10B are perspective views illustrating the respiration apparatus 1, of Figures 1 to 9. Figures IOC, 10D and 10E illustrate the respiration apparatus 1, of Figures 1 to 9, being worn by a user.

Figure IOC is particularly instructive and illustrates the respiration apparatus 1, of Figures 1 to 9, being worn by a user, shown from the side. It will be appreciated that the neck of a user may broaden at a lower part of the neck as the neck approaches the shoulders. This can enable the resilient first and second limbs, described above, to be retained above the shoulders by resilient contact with a narrower part of the neck. As illustrated, the air flow generator housing 3 is located on the user directly above the user's shoulders 9 (as is the component housing 10, not shown in Figure 10) .

If the location of the respiration apparatus, by the resilient limbs and mask alone, is inadeguate under particular circumstances and/or for a particular user (for example, because of the reguirements or anatomy of the user, because of the nature of activities being engaged in while wearing the respiration apparatus, or for any other reason) additional or alternative means of supporting the respiration apparatus 1 can be used, such as, but not limited to, a neckstrap, a head-band, one or more ear hooks, one or more elastic bands (for example of the type used to secure conventional disposable masks) or any combination thereof. Further discussion of means of support supplemental, or alternative, to use of resilient limbs will be provided hereafter. By way of example, Figures 10A, 10B and 10E illustrate inclusion of an optional two- part neck strap. The resilient two-part neck strap comprises a first flexible resilient strap part 16A attached at one end to the to the first user-contacting portion 16, and having a connector 16B at the other end thereof, and a second flexible resilient strap part 17A attached at one end to the to the second user-contacting portion 17, and having a connector 17B at the other end thereof. The first and second connectors 16B, 17B may be connected and disconnected as required to assist in securing or releasing the respiration apparatus 1 to or from a user. It will be appreciated that when the first and second connectors 16B, 17B are disconnected the respiration apparatus id provided with an open back, allowing it to be slid onto a user from the front.

Although use of a neck strap may provide considerable additional support and security of location, in a

convenient embodiment, it is intended that the resilient limbs and mask will often be adequate for location of the respiration apparatus relative to the user.

The respiration apparatus 1 of Figures 1 to 10 provides a positive air pressure, powered air purifying respirator

(PAPR) respiration apparatus which is easy and convenient to put on and take off (compared to typical existing

PAPRs), since it may easily and intuitively be slipped on to the user's head or neck from the front. The respiration apparatus 1 is considerably more comfortable and less restrictive to wear than typical existing PAPRs. Provision of the motor/impeller on one side of the user's head/neck and the battery and/or control electronics on the other side of a user's head helps provide an apparatus which is laterally balanced, avoiding significant lateral forces which might cause discomfort.

Further, the motor, impeller, battery, and control

electronics, together with associated housings and filters make up a substantial proportion of the mass of the respiration apparatus 1, and in use all of these elements may be located directly above the user's shoulders, avoiding undue weight towards the front or back of the user's head or neck which might cause discomfort.

Thus 40%, 50%, 60% or more of the mass of the respiration apparatus 1, may be provided directly above the user's shoulders, and laterally evenly distributed.

The respiration apparatus 1 also provides an open back, which may avoid users finding the apparatus uncomfortably hot to wear. Avoiding provision of substantial bulk of the apparatus behind the user's head or neck assists in avoiding restriction of movement of a user's head and in allowing a user to feel relatively unencumbered by the apparatus .

It is anticipated that persons who are accustomed to wearing domestic disposable filter face masks would have little or no difficulty in adopting the respiration apparatus 1, making the respiration apparatus 1 extremely suitable for domestic and general consumer use, in contrast to typical existing PAPRs .

In addition to assisting lateral weight distribution, providing the sensors at the exhaust outlet region as against close to the impeller 4, tends to increase the pressure sensing accuracy during the inhalation phase.

Without wishing to be bound by theory, this is believed to be at least in part because during the inhalation phase, the air flow at the exhaust outlet is lower than it is adjacent to the impeller, so the variance between the air pressure in the mask and the air pressure at a point of measurement at the exhaust outlet is less affected by pressure drop along the corresponding airway than for a point of measurement adjacent the impeller.

It is also considered advantageous to provide the sensors in proximity to (or as part of) the electronic circuitry 12 to avoid the need for complex, inconvenient or uneconomical serial data transfer cabling which may be reguired if the sensors were remote from the electronic circuitry 12.

Figure 11a is a block diagram showing some of the main components of an embodiment of a powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) apparatus. The PAPR apparatus 1

comprises the mask 2, at least one airway 8, 15, the impeller 4, the filter 6, the electronic circuitry 12 (designated Control' in Figure 11a) and one or more sensors 12a. The impeller 4, the filter 6, the electronic circuitry 12 (designated Control' in Figure 11a) and one or more sensors 12a being contained in one or more housings 3, 10. It should be appreciated that Figure 11a does not accurately convey the ^Λ0' shape, or open back design of the respiration apparatus of Figures 1 to 10.

Figure lib is a block diagram showing various components that may be utilized in a respiration apparatus. Some of the components are optional, and the components included in a particular embodiment will depend upon factors such as required cost and functionality for the apparatus . A simple apparatus to be used in urban areas may merely comprise a filter, an impeller, a mask, and suitable airways. Other embodiments may have additional components, providing additional functionality, such as shown in Figure lib. It should be appreciated that Figure lib does not accurately convey the ^Λ0' shape, or open back design of the respiration apparatus of Figures 1 to 10. Accordingly, reference numerals for equivalent or similar components may vary between Figures 1 to 10 and the block diagram of Figure lib.

The filter 6 may comprise a single type of filter or may comprise a plurality of different types of cascaded filter. Figure lib illustrates a coarse filter 35, which can remove large particles present in very dusty environments, such as wood cutting workshops, or urban environments where large airborne particulates are present. The coarse filter 35 may be low cost synthetic fibre and washable or easily disposable . Coarse filter 35 is followed by a prefilter 36. The prefilter 36 may be made from a suitable synthetic fibre such as polypropylene, and preferably have an efficiency equal to or better than 90% of the particle size of 5 pm and above .

Prefilter 36 is followed by a HEPA filter 37. The HEPA filter is a particulate filter. An activated carbon filter

38 may also be included and also photocatalytic filter 39. The filter array including all filters 35, 36, 37, 38 and

39 would provide very good filter functionality. In a simple embodiment, such as a simple respiration apparatus arranged for use in an urban environment, a single HEPA filter 37 may suffice.

Different filters 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 can be used separately or together depending upon the required application. The filters may be provided in one or more filter units (not shown) which may be easily removed for disposal and exchange, or for washing.

The impeller arrangement in the embodiment of Figure 3 comprises a motor control 40 and a blower 41. A battery pack 42 for power supply is provided, and a battery charger 43 for plugging in to an external power supply for charging the battery 43. Electronic circuitry 12 in this embodiment comprises a micro control unit (MCU) 44.

The apparatus may comprise a heater 45 which may heat cold air to be provided to the mask 2. In an alternative embodiment a cooler and air conditioner may be provided. Also, in another embodiment, a humidifier may be provided.

The embodiment of Figure lib also comprises a negative ion generator 46, to provide negative ions.

In the embodiment of Figure lib, sensors 12a are provided, in this embodiment in the form of a flow sensor and/or pressure sensor 47. The flow or pressure sensor may be placed in or close to the airway 8 to sense the pressure, but in the embodiment of Fig.s 1 to 10, as described above, are provided at or adjacent an exhaust air outlet. The pressure may be compared with a user pressure setting, in the MCU 44, and the blower 41 may be adjusted to vary the pressure. In an embodiment, the MCU 44 may include a control mechanism to sense the rate of change of air flow or pressure and vary the blower 41 accordingly. When a user starts breathing more rapidly, therefore, the blower 41 may be increase to compensate for the increased air requirement. The blower may also be controlled to vary the blower output during different phases (e.g. inhalation and exhalation) of a respiration cycle, and between different respiration cycles (e.g. for gradual increase in pressure for medical applications) . Description of a feedback control mechanism is given in applicant's International (PCT) Patent Application No. PCT/AU2010/0000902,

incorporated herein by reference.

A user interface 48 may be provided for inputting user control, such as pressure settings, heater settings, on/off switch and any other control required.

The MCU 44 may be programmable, and various software modules may be utilised to vary the functionality. The MCU may operate on upgradable software or program logic to control the flow rate dependent on user setting, and/or environmental conditions and/or sensor data.

It should be appreciated that much of the above description provided in relation to Figure lib is directly applicable to the respiration apparatus 1 of Figures 1 to 10, and the disclosure of respiration apparatus 1 should be read in conjunction with, and taken to at least optionally include subject matter disclosed in relation to Figure lib unless logic, common sense or explicit statements herein dictate otherwise .

Figure 12 is a block diagram corresponding generally to the ^Λ0' shape, or open back design of the respiration apparatus 1 of Figures 1 to 10. Accordingly, reference numerals for equivalent or similar components correspond in Figures 1 to 10 and the block diagram of Figure 12, and these elements will not again be described in detail. (Although some nomenclature varies between Figure 12 and the above description provided in relation to Figures 1 to 10, correspondence of the elements will be evident to the skilled addressee. Figure 12 illustrates some additional components that may be utilized in a respiration apparatus. In particular Figure 12 shows a user interface 49 as part of the electronic circuitry 12. Functionality of the user interface 49 should be apparent from the disclosure provided above in relation to Figures 1 to 10, and in the light of the disclosure provided above in relation to Figure lib. Figure 12 further shows a motor control module 50 as part of the electronic circuitry 12. Functionality of the motor control module 50 should be apparent from the disclosure provided above in relation to Figures 1 to 10, and in the light of the disclosure provided above in relation to Figure lib.

Figure 12 further shows an optional accessory 51

connectable to the respiration apparatus 1, in the form of a mobile charger and/or a remote control with an internal battery. It will be apparent to the skilled addressee how the accessory 51 can be arranged to interact with the respiration apparatus 1, for example by analogy with remote operation and/or charging of other mobile devices which include electronics, such as, for example mobile phones, cameras, personal stereos, personal digital assistants, and the like. The mobile charger may comprise a battery, and may provide a useful means of extending battery life of the battery 11.

Figure 12 further shows, schematically, a connector 52 extending between the electronic circuitry 12 (and

battery) and the impeller/motor 4, 5 (designated 'blower' in Figure 12) . Non-exhaustive options for configuration and location of the connector 52 are described above in relation to respiration apparatus 1 of Figures 1 to 10. Figure 13 is a block diagram corresponding generally to the block diagram of Figure 12 but with some variations, and only the variations will be discussed in detail hereafter. Figure 13 replaces the mobile charger and/or a remote control (accessory 51) with a mobile charger 54 which includes a battery (not shown) and utilises a computing device 55 with wireless communication to act as a remote control for the respiration apparatus 1. In the

illustrated embodiment the computing device is a mobile (smart) phone with Bluetooth (Trade Mark) capability

(although it will be appreciated that other devices and communication systems could be used) . The respiration apparatus 1 also include a wireless communication, e.g. Bluetooth (Trade Mark), communication module 56. An advantage of having the respiration apparatus 1 communicate wirelessly with a mobile (smart) phone is that the

respiration apparatus 1 may include the functionality of a wireless headset enabling a user of the respiration apparatus 1 to engage in telephone communication without removing the respiration apparatus 1. To provide this functionality the respiration apparatus 1 therefore includes a microphone included in communication module 56, or optionally in the mask 2, and electronics for conversion of microphone input to a suitable digital form and

transmission of the converted microphone input to the mobile (smart) phone. The electronics, for example communication module 56, preferably includes a noise- cancelling function. Thus it may cancel any motor and environmental noise and thereby enhance audibility of the voice of the user. This can enable a user to conduct a phone call in a whisper, even in a noisy environment setting. The user may use a separate wireless headset or earpiece, or alternatively, the respiration apparatus may include at least one speaker or earphone (not shown) . Of course, a variation of the respiration apparatus 1 could provide functionality to act as a wired headset in addition to, or as an alternative to acting as a wireless headset, if desired.

The wireless data communication capability, in addition to allowing a mobile (smart) phone to act as a remote control and facilitating phone conversations, may also enable a user to download software into the respiration apparatus, and retrieve respirator usage information, alerts, warnings for filter replacement, etc. Voice command functionality may also be provided. Suitable application software (an ^pp' ) may be made available, for example by download via the Internet, to enable desired functionality. Variations may act as headphones for personal stereos or similar devices, with or without wireless and/or data communication capability . A further alternative embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure, and variations, will now be described with reference to Figures 14 to 18. This embodiment comprises a PAPR system generally in accordance with Figure 11a. In this embodiment, however, the mask 2 may be an already available conventional filter mask, such as currently used by domestic users in polluted urban areas, medical environments and the like. The mask may be sold separately from the respiration apparatus of the

embodiments of Figures 14 to 18.

In an alternative embodiment, the mask may be manufactured for and provided as a component of the respiration apparatus .

In this embodiment, the respiration apparatus is generally designated by reference numeral 110. Figure 14 illustrates a representation of a user 111 wearing the respiration apparatus . In this embodiment the respiration apparatus 110 comprises a support arrangement 112, which comprises a strap 113 which is arranged to be fastened about the neck of the user, and a mouth bridge 114. The mouth bridge 114 is arranged to support a mask 115, which in this embodiment covers the mouth and nostrils of the user. As discussed above, the mask 115 may, in one embodiment, be a

conventional, already available paper or plastics filter mask. Alternatively, the mask may be bespoke designed for use as a component of the respiration apparatus 110.

The strap 113 may be resilient and may be able to be passed over the user's head and secured behind the neck.

Alternatively, the strap 113 may comprise a fastening mechanism, such as a buckle, hook and loop fastener (such as is sold under the Trade Mark VELCRO) or other

arrangement, to be fastened around the back of the neck.

The mouth bridge 114 is attached to the strap 113 and supports the mask 115 in use. The mouth bridge 114 includes slots 116 which are open to the mask 115 material and allow the user to exhaust air through the mask and the mouth bridge. Air may also be exhausted around the edges 117 of the mask.

In this embodiment an additional elastic strap 118 is provided which extends from connection points 119 at the mouth bridge 114 over the ears and over the back the head of the user. This further strap 118 provides extra support. The mouth bridge 114 may support the mask 115 merely by interference between the mouth bridge 114 engaging the mask, and the elastic straps 113 and 118 supporting the mouth bridge 114 and therefore supporting the mask 115. In embodiments, however, the mouth bridge 114 may be secured to the mask 115 by an engagement means, such as a fastening projection or pin (not shown) .

In an alternative embodiment, the support arrangement 113, 114, 118 or parts of the support arrangement may not be present. The support arrangement advantageously provides for a more stable device, but may not be essential. In other embodiments, a simple elastic strap may suffice to support the mask 115 (such as may be provided with

conventionally available masks) .

In this embodiment, the airway (corresponding generally to airway 8 in Figure 11a) comprises a conduit 120 which extends between the mask 115 and an airflow generator unit, shown as 121 in Figure 18.

The conduit 120 comprises airway walls 122 made from resilient or flexible materials such as plastics or rubber, defining a passageway 123 (see Figure 15) along which air may flow, from the generator unit 121 (see Figure 18) into an air chamber 124 formed, in use, between the mask 115 and the user' s face .

Referring to Figure 15, which is a sectional view along line A-A of Figure 14, the airway conduit 120 also

comprises a mask connector 125 which is arranged to make an airway connection with the mask 115 and air chamber 124. The airway connector 125 comprises a relatively rigid plastics component which is arranged to support the relatively flexible airway conduit 120. Connector 125 comprises a plug portion 126 which is arranged to fit into a hole 127 formed in the mask to make the airway connection with the air chamber 124.

In this embodiment, the mask is a conventional paper or plastics mask, of a type generally available. These are not provided with holes. Hole 127 is therefore cut in the mask 115. A separate hole punch may be provided to cut the hole 127. Alternatively, the plug portion 126 may be provided with edges 128 which can be used to form the hole 127. In other embodiments, the mask may be a mask

particularly designed for use with the airway connector 125 and may be provided already with the hole 127. Positively pressurised and filtered air from the generator unit 121 is introduced into the air chamber 124 via the airway conduit 120. Positive pressure within the chamber 124 is advantageous, as it reduces the amount of unfiltered air which may enter the chamber 124 from around the mask edges 117.

In this embodiment, when the user exhales, exhaled air is exhausted from the mask via the filter material (see reference numeral 129 of Figure 14, arrows illustrating exhaust), and from the edges 117 of the mask.

In an embodiment, an exhaust valve 130 (Figures 16 and 17) may be provided for use with the mask 115. The exhaust valve may allow exhaust air to escape, when a user is breathing heavily, to relieve the pressure in the air chamber 124. Figure 17 is a cross sectional views of the mask of Figure 16 on line B-B, with an exhaust valve in place. The exhaust valve 130 may be a simple one way valve unit, which opens under a predetermined pressure to allow exhaust gases out of the air chamber 124. It is preferred that the predetermined pressure be greater than the positive air pressure provided by an impeller (not shown) to avoid undue leakage of pressurised air except during exhalation .

In an embodiment, the exhaust valve 130 may be provided as a separate unit, and where a conventional domestic mask 115 is used with the respiration apparatus 110, a hole 131 may be made in the mask to receive the exhaust valve 130. The exhaust valve unit 130 may comprise flanges 132 which secure the exhaust valve 130 in the hole 131.

Some embodiments may not include an exhaust valve . Some embodiments may include an exhaust airway (not shown) to provide a respiration apparatus more similar to the embodiment of Figures 1 to 10. Further, it will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments in which a disposable domestic mask 115 is used, many features of the respiration apparatus 1 may be included, or substituted for features illustrated in Figures 14 to 18, so that a respiration apparatus similar to the respiration apparatus 1 of Figures 1 to 10, except that the mask 2 is replaced with disposable/domestic mask 115, may be provided. (Of course, consideration would need o be given to ensuring that the mask 115 is adequately secured in position, and this could likely be achieved by provision of a suitable frontpiece overlying the mask 115 and/or by using the straps normally provided on domestic/disposable masks for securing to the user.)

In the embodiment of Figure 18, the generator unit 121 is mounted in a convenient location on the user's shoulder. Velcro or straps (not shown) or other fastening means may be used to secure the unit 121 at the user's shoulder. In other embodiments, the unit 121 may be placed in different positions. It also may be of different housing shapes. It may be placed under the arm for example, or in a jacket pocket (may be a convenient rectangular shape similar to a smart phone or like device, and consideration may have to be given to ensuring that airflow into the respiration apparatus is not unduly impeded by the location of the unit 121) . It may be secured around the back of the neck, for example on the strap 113 (although this option may be more restrictive for a user) . It may be positioned on a user's belt. It may be placed in any other position and the characteristics of the unit and the 120 airway conduit 120 may be adapted accordingly. A generator unit may be provided in one or more versions . Each version may have different functionality as required by factors such as cost and the desired functionality.

In one embodiment, only filter and positive air pressure functionality may be required. In this embodiment, the generator unit 121 therefore includes a filter for

filtering air, and an impeller for positively pressurising the air. A control unit in this case may be a simple on- off switch. In another embodiment, the control unit may include a user setting switch enabling the user to set a level for the impeller and therefore, to decrease or increase the air pressure to the mask. A power supply, such as a battery, for the impeller and control is also provided. In such an embodiment exhaust air may be

exhausted from the mask via porosity of the mask, via exhaust outlets provided in the mask, via the edges of the mask (temporarily breaking any seal between the mask and the user's face, or by any combination of these means. In such an embodiment one or more exhaust outlets provided in the mask may comprise an exhaust air filter and/or an exhaust air valve. In such an embodiment an exhaust airway (of the type described in relation to Figures 1 to 10) may be absent, or may be plugged. Alternatively, exhaust of air from the mask via porosity of the mask, via exhaust outlets provided in the mask, and/or via the edges of the mask may be additional to exhaust of air from the mask via an exhaust airway (for example, of the type described in relation to Figures 1 to 10) . It will be appreciated that the above described variations may be applied to various embodiments disclosed herein, with appropriate consequent changes (and some variations, variation of, or reduction in functionality, such as air pressure monitoring in the component housing, as may be desired according to desired cost and functionality of the respiration apparatus) .

Embodiments of generator units may include variations of the embodiments described in International Patent

Application PCT/AU2010/0000902, by the current applicant.

Figure 19 is perspective view of an embodiment of a mask arrangement in accordance with the present disclosure. The mask arrangement of this embodiment comprises mask

structural features which facilitate comfort for the user and also effectiveness of the mask. The mask 150 of this embodiment comprises a face contacting cushion 151 which is arranged around the periphery of the mask, and, in use, contacts the user's face. This cushion 151 may be arranged to be relatively flexible and softer than the rest of the mask and may even be made of different material, such as silicone. A portion 152 of the cushion 151 which is arranged to contact the upper part of the face and the nose bridge is arranged to be thinner than the rest of the cushion 151 to facilitate comfort.

The top portion 153 of the mask is provided with a flexible corrugated or bellows arrangement 154 which allows the cushion 153 to flex. Bellows arrangement 154 forms a resilient structural feature of the mask 150, which again improves comfort and conformity to the user's face in use.

A lower portion of the mask 155 mounts a valve 156, which ports air from the mask 150 when the pressure inside the mask 150 exceeds a predetermined level.

Airways 157 and 158 are, in this embodiment, integral with the mask 150. Inlet airway 157 conveys pressurised and filtered air from an airflow generator unit (not shown) to the mask 150 and exhaust airway 158 conveys exhaled air from the mask 150 to an exhaust port, not shown, where it may be filtered before being ported. A mask similar to the mask 150 may be incorporated into the respiration apparatus 1 of Figures 1 to 10, with suitable steps taken to ensure that such a mask can be connected to other parts of the respiration apparatus.

The features associated with the mask, such as the

resilient structural feature and the thinner wall section are not limited to a mask with one or more integrally provided airways such as shown in Figure 19. The airway (s) may be separate parts if desired.

Figure 20 illustrates a further embodiment of a respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure, generally designated by reference numeral 200. The respiration apparatus 200 comprises a generator unit 162 an inlet airway 160 and an exhaust airway (not shown) .

The respiration apparatus 200 comprises a mask arrangement 201 which comprises a low profile nose portion 202. The low profile nose portion 202 is arranged to encompass the nasal orifices of a user, without covering the upper portion of the nose of the user. This allows the user to wear relatively large eye gear such as goggles 204, without the goggles 204 or large glasses being interfered with by the low profile mask.

The mask arrangement 201, with low profile nose portion 202, may be used with variations which do not include generator unit mounted at the back of the neck. For example, the generator unit may be mounted elsewhere and attached to the mask arrangement 201 via different types of airways, such as those described above. In particular, the mask arrangement 201 could, if desired, be substituted for the mask 2 in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 10.

Figure 21 and 22 illustrate a further embodiment. The respiration apparatus 210 of this embodiment comprises a neck mounted generator unit 162, inlet airway 160 and an exhaust airway (not shown) . The mask arrangement 211 of this respiration apparatus 210, however, is a hybrid mask arrangement. It comprises a mouth covering portion 212 and nasal plugs 213, 214 which are arranged to engage with the nasal passageways of the user .

In more detail, the mouth portion 212 comprises a cushion

215 which is arranged to surround the mouth of the user, and the mask arrangement 211 forms a respiration chamber

216 about the mouth of the user. Airways 217, 218

communicate with the chamber 216 and also with the airways, e.g. 160, in the neck portion of the respiration apparatus 210.

The nasal plugs 213, 214 have passageways 219, 220 which communicate with the chamber 216. Nasal plugs 213, 214 sit in the nostrils, and the user can therefore breath the filtered and pressurised air through the passageways 219, 220, as well as via the mouth and mask chamber 216. A nasal shield portion 221 of the mask arrangement 211 extends over the nasal plugs 213, 214, to shield them and also extends over the bottom part of the user's nose in use . This hybrid mask arrangement 211 results in a low profile mask with a low profile shield part 221 which also allows goggles and other large or heavy eyewear to be worn with the respiration apparatus 210. The mouth cushion 215 may be formed from relatively soft, flexible material, such as silicone, for comfort. As with other embodiments, the mask arrangement 211 is not limited to use with a neck component mounted generator 162, and the generator unit may be mounted elsewhere and different airways may be used with a mask arrangements similar to or the same as 211. In particular, the mask arrangement 211 could, if desired, be substituted for the mask 2 in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 10.

A variation the embodiment of Figures 21 and 22 comprises a mask arrangement which does not include the nose plug shield 221. In this embodiment, the nose plugs merely extend from the top of the mask portion 212 to the nose of the user, and are unshielded. Figures 23 and 24 illustrate a further embodiment of a respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure, generally designated by reference numeral 230. This embodiment includes a neck mounted generator unit 231. An airway 232 from the generator unit 231 attaches to an airways chassis 233. Note that an equivalent airway 232 is provided on the other side of the user and cannot be seen in this drawing. The airway chassis 233 is a relatively rigid component that passes around the face of the user and connects to airways 232, so that there is air passage through to mask arrangement 235 from the generator unit 231.

In this embodiment, the mask 235 covers the nose orifices only of the user and allows the user's mouth to be free, so that they can communicate for example.

Figure 24 shows a sectional view of the mask 235 showing a chamber 236 formed by the mask via which the pressurised and filtered air reaches the nasal passageways of the user.

The chassis 233 is engaged to the mask body 235 as shown. A resilient cushion portion 237 is formed at the top part of the mask 235 to cushion against the nose bridge of the user and against the face. A second cushion portion 238 is formed to cushion against the upper lip of the user. The relatively rigid chassis 233 operates in this embodiment to support the mask 235 against the face of the user.

This embodiment is advantageous in that a user of the mask 235 may continue to speak, eat or drink, while still receiving filtered and pressured air via the user's nasal passageways.

This nose mask arrangement 235 and air chassis 233

embodiment may if desired, be substituted (on adaption) for the mask 2 in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 10.

Figure 25 and 26 illustrates a further embodiment of a respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure, designated generally by reference numeral 240. The respiration apparatus 240 comprises a generator unit 162 and flexible airways 160.

The mask arrangement 241 of this embodiment comprises a mask 242 which is arranged to cover only the nose openings of the user. In operation, the mouth of the user is uncovered. The mask arrangement also comprises airways 243, 244 which engage with airways 160 and define conduits which can convey air to and from a mask chamber 245 defined by the mask 242. The mask 242 comprises face engaging cushions 246 (nose cushion) and 247 (upper lip cushion) to engage the face of the user. These cushions may be made of relatively soft material, such as soft silicone.

The mask arrangement 241 also comprises a visor 250 which is connected to the mask 242. In this embodiment a nose piece 251 of the visor is connected to a slot 252 extending in the mask 242. The nose piece 251 may be able to be disengaged from the slot to remove the visor 250. In another embodiment the nose piece 251 may be permanently secured to the mask 241 or may be integral with it. The visor 250 in this embodiment comprises protective lenses 254, 255. A strap 256 is attached to the visor 250 and extends around the back of the head to secure the visor 250.

An optional communication component 260 is provided with this embodiment. The communication component 260 engages with a slot 261 on the lower part of the mask 241 and extends downwardly from the mask so that a microphone or the like 263 is positioned proximate the mouth of the user. An appropriate wireless link may be provided e.g.

Bluetooth™ for linking to communications .

The user can advantageously communicate as their mouth is free, including communicating via a corns link provided in the mask via communication component 260. Addition detail of the functionality of a respiration apparatus eguipped for wireless data communication is described above, with reference to Figure 13.

The mask 241 also includes an extending portion 265 which extends downwardly from the mask to partially cover the mouth .

This mask arrangement 241 may if desired, be substituted (on adaption) for the mask 2 in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 10.

Figure 27 illustrates yet a further embodiment of a respiration apparatus, generally designated by reference numeral 270. A respiration apparatus 270 comprises a neck component mounted generator unit 271 which is connected by airways 272 which are integral with a mask arrangement 273. An exhaust airway extends on the other side of the user, but is not shown in this drawing.

The mask arrangement 273 in this embodiment comprises a relatively thin layer of silicone 274 laid over and supported by a polycarbonate chassis 275. The chassis comprises a support frame 276 which surrounds the nose and mouth of the user is generally oval in shape, and

supporting member 277 which extends from the top of the surrounding frame 276 to the bottom. It forms a dome supporting the thin silicone layer 274 or skin which may be relatively thin and flexible. The polycarbonate chassis may be manufactured by three dimensional printing. The airways 272 may also be manufactured in this way and the airways 272 may be integral with the chassis 275, forming "arms" which extend backwards from the mask and connect the generator unit. The silicone 274 may also comprise a silicone cushion 278 about the mouth and nose of the user, for comfort.

The silicone layer 274 may be relatively thin compared with mask of the preceding embodiment and may include one or more relatively rigid layers to enable transmission of sound when a user speaks . The thin silicone also has the advantage of lighter weight.

This mask arrangement 273 may if desired, be substituted (on adaption) for the mask 2 in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 10. Referring to Figures 28A and 28B, a composite mask

respiration apparatus 280 is illustrated, which includes a mask 281, for example of silicone, and a decorative cover 282 for the mask. The respiration apparatus 280 includes a neck component generator unit 283. Fastening means, in the form of clips 284 attach airway component 286, 287 to airways for the generator unit 283. The airway components 286, 287 include male parts 288, 289 which cooperate with corresponding sockets (not shown) in the generator unit 283 airways. Ports 290, 291 are formed at the end of airways 286, 287 distal from the generator unit 283.

These ports cooperate with orifices 292, 293 in an inner silicone mask 281. Note that, in an alternative embodiment, the mask may be of other material than silicone or rubber, may be of porous material, and may be a disposable mask of the type discussed above with reference to Figures 14 to 18. The inner mask 281 also comprises vent holes 294, 295 which are arranged to receive exhaust valves 298, 299.

The outer cover 282 comprises ports 296, 297 which align with exhaust ports 294, 295 when the outer cover 282 is placed in position over the mask. Exhaust valves 298, 299 fit into ports 296, 297. They also assist in securing the outer cover 282 to the mask 281. In an alternative embodiment, components 298 and 299 may not be exhaust valves, but may merely be plugs, sealing exhaust ports 294, 295.

The cover 282 also comprises slots 300 in the cover which may be for decorative purposes, which may also allow venting of air where the mask 281 is of porous material.

The inner mask 281 is shaped to cover the mouth and nasal passages of the user. Airways 286, 287 convey filtered and pressurised air to the mask (airway 286) and from the mask (airway 287) to an outlet where the expired air may be exhausted via an exhaust filter (and, optionally, an exhaust valve. If pressure in the mask increases, further exhaust air may be vented via the exhaust valves 298, 299 and/or mask material.

The outer cover 282 may facilitate aesthetic appeal of the respiration apparatus. The cover may include patterns, colours, and the like for aesthetic appeal. A plurality of such covers may be available, so that the user can change them, to vary the aesthetics of the respiration apparatus 280. The cover may also provide a function of protecting the user's face from the environment. In particular, such covers may be very popular where it is usual and/or important to cover a person's face, for example to protect the complexion from the effects of UV radiation, or for cultural or religious reasons.

In the above embodiment, the inner mask covers the nose and mouth. Various embodiments may only cover one of the nose or mouth. Further, covers such as the cover 282 may be used with other embodiments of the respiration

apparatus that have been described here. Covers may be varied in shape so as to operate with each embodiment. It should be appreciated that the mask and cover

arrangement described in relation to the embodiment of Figures 28A and 28B is not limited to use in a respiration apparatus which has an airflow generator located at the back of the user' s neck such as is illustrated in Figure 28A but may be utilised with other types of airflow generator units positioned anywhere on the body. This mask and cover arrangement described in relation to the embodiment of Figures 28 and 29 may if desired, be substituted (on adaption) for the mask 2 in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 10, and may be used in the embodiment of Figures 14 to 18 (especially where the mask 281 is a disposable type mask) .

Figure 29 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a mask cover 282A (the mask being omitted for clarity) which, compared to the mask cover 282 of Figures 28A and 28B is closer in appearance to a traditional face covering which may be worn for religious or cultural reasons. The mask cover 282A is formed from a material which hangs (or which simulates hanging) in a relatively loose configuration, optionally with loose folds. In this embodiment the mask cover 282A is attached to the top of a mask (not shown) by an attachment 298A towards the top of a user's nose. The mask cover 282A is attached to a generator unit 263A of a respiration apparatus (which may be similar to the respiration apparatus 1 described in relation to Figures 1 to 10) by an attachment 298B (for example a press stud arrangement, or a loop on the cover 282A which loops around a lug or hook on the on the generator unit 263A) . The mask cover 282A is further attached to a headband 256A by an attachment 298C (for example a press stud

arrangement, or a loop on the cover 282A which loops around a lug or hook on the on the headband 256A) .

It will be appreciated that corresponding attachments (not shown) are provided on the other side of the user, but are not shown in Figure 29. It will also be appreciated that the form of the mask cover may be varied according to the degree of coverage and/or modesty reguired. The mask 282A is illustrated, by way of example, as covering a user's nose and mouth and surrounding areas (shown in Figure 29 for illustrative purposes, but typically, in use, obscured by the mask cover 282A) but an alternative could also cover the forehead and/or ears of the user. Further, the mask cover may be configured to work in conjunction with, and to be supported by, headwear more conservative than the headband 256A, such as a traditional head covering or a hat which covers the top, back and/or sides of a user's head, or a headband incorporated into, or worn with such headwear .

Figures 30 and 31 illustrate an alternative embodiment of a connector mechanism 310, for connecting an airway of a generator unit to an airway of a mask arrangement, for any of the embodiments described herein.

The connector arrangement 310 comprises a male connector component 311 which is mounted on the mask arrangement airway 312. The male component 311 has a pair of fingers 313, 314 which extend towards the generator unit airway 315 in use. Fingers 313, 314 are arranged to be inserted into a corresponding female member 316 mounted on the generator unit airway 315. The fingers 313, 314 include heads 317, 318 projecting distally and being arranged to engage with slots 319, 320 in the female member 316. The fingers 313, 314 are resilient so that they lock into the female member slots 319, 320. The connector arrangement may be released by pressing the projecting parts of the heads 317, 318 in the slots 319, 320 and pulling the male member 311 out of the female member 315.

Figures 32a, 32b and 32c illustrate a further alternative embodiment of a respiration apparatus, generally

designated 321, which has similarities to the respiration apparatus 1 of Figures 1 to 10, so that only the

differences will be described in detail hereafter. The respiration apparatus 321 comprises an airflow generator housing 322 arranged to be located to a first side of a user's head, in use, and a component housing 323 arranged to be located to a second side of a user's head, in use. The means by which the respiration apparatus 321 is located relative to a user differs from that of

respiration apparatus 1. The respiration apparatus 321 comprises a rear locating strap 324 which is provided with a first lug 325 located in a slot (not shown) which extends along an inner side of the airflow generator housing 322 and/or associated airway, and a second lug 326 located in a slot 327 which extends along an inner side of the component housing 323 and/or associated airway. The lugs 325, 326 are able to slide in the respective slots, e.g. 327, to adjust the distance between the rearmost part of the locating strap 324 and a mask 328 provided by the respiration apparatus 321, thus allowing the respiration apparatus 321 to be adjusted for secure yet comfortable location on a user. When the respiration apparatus 321 is not being fitted and/or adjusted, the lugs 325, 326 may be locked in position by a locking mechanism (not shown) , provided in each corresponding slot. The locking

mechanism of a given slot may be deactivated, to allow the lugs to slide relative to the respective slot, e.g. 327. The locking mechanism and corresponding lug may be of any appropriate form or structure to allow the lug to be locked or unlocked by a user. For example, the locking mechanism may comprise a locking member arranged to engage the corresponding lug, and which can be disengaged from the lug by a user to unlock the lug. In an embodiment such disengagement may be effected by operating a corresponding release control located on the breathing apparatus to disengage a locking member from the lug. In an embodiment the release control may be in the form of a button operatively connected to the locking member, and operating the release control may comprise depressing the button. When the release button is not depressed the corresponding lug, e.g. 325, is prevented from sliding. In an alternative, the lugs may be slideable in the slots unless locked in position by a user, in which case any suitable locking mechanism may be used.

It will be appreciated that in the illustrated embodiment the slots are curved, such that moving the lugs so as to move the rear locating strap 324 towards the mask 328 will also draw the airflow generator housing 322 and component housing 323 towards each other, which may assist in secure location of the respiration apparatus 321 to a user.

Respiration apparatus 321 further differs from the respiration apparatus 1 in that a filter 329, for

filtering air before it reaches the mask 328, is provided in an inlet airway 330, between the airflow generator housing 322 and the mask 328, rather than the filter 6 being provided in the airflow generator housing 3, as in the respiration apparatus 1. In this embodiment the filter 329 comprises a small generally cylindrical filter adapted to be located in the inlet airway 330. A

removable portion 330a of a wall defining the inlet airway 330 is provided, in order to facilitate access to, and removal/replacement of, the filter 329.

Figure 33 illustrates a further alternative embodiment of a respiration apparatus, generally designated 331, which has similarities to the respiration apparatus 321, so that only the differences will be described in detail

hereafter. The differences relate mainly to

adjustment/fitting of the respiration apparatus 331.

Respiration apparatus 331 comprises first neck engaging pad 332 connected to inlet airway 333 and a second neck engaging pad 334 connected to exhaust airway 335. The neck engaging pads 332, 334 are arranged to engage a rear and side part of the user's neck. The neck pads 332, 334 are able to slide relative to the respective airways 333, 335, to adjust the distance between the neck pads 332, 334 and a mask 336 provided by the respiration apparatus 331, thus allowing the respiration apparatus 331 to be adjusted for secure location on a user. When the respiration apparatus 331 is not being fitted and/or adjusted, the neck engaging pads 332, 334 are locked in position by respective locking mechanisms (not shown) . The locking mechanisms may be released or deactivated, to allow the neck engaging pads 332, 334 to slide relative to the airways 333, 335, by a user operating a corresponding release or unlocking control. In the illustrated

embodiment the locking mechanism/release control may be in the form of a respective grub screw 337 provided in a connector which is attached to one of the neck engaging pads 332, 334 and to the corresponding airway 333, 335, and which can slide relative to the airway 333, 335. The Grub screw 3337can be tightened to engage the airway and thereby resist movement of the connector relative to the airway, or can be slackened off so that it does not engage the airway and does not resist movement of the connector relative to the airway. Any other suitable locking mechanism and/or release control may be used. The neck engaging pads 332, 334 may be coupled to each other, for example by a connection strap 338, if desired. The neck engaging pads 332, 334 may comprise suitably shaped and/or flexible batteries for powering the respiration apparatus, and may have resilient or padded outer surfaces or covers to enhance user comfort. In an embodiment the neck engaging pads 332, 334 comprise suitably shaped and/or flexible batteries at least partially covered in neoprene, or a similar foam or foam-like material. In an embodiment the neck engaging pads 332, 334 may be connected to the rest of the apparatus by universal type (e.g. ball and socket) connectors, enhancing the likelihood of a user finding a comfortable and functional position and

orientation for the neck engaging pads 332, 334 Figure 34 illustrates a further alternative embodiment of a respiration apparatus, generally designated 339, which has similarities to the respiration apparatus 1, 321, 331, so that only differences will be described in detail hereafter. The notable main differences relate mainly to adjustment/fitting of the respiration apparatus 339.

Respiration apparatus 339 provides pivotably adjustable hooks 340, 341 which, in use, hook over the ears of a user to locate the respiration apparatus 339. The hooks 340, 341 are connected to respective airways and can slide relative to the respective airways during fitting. When not being fitted the hooks may be locked in position in a manner corresponding to embodiments described above.

Alternatively friction, or an interference fit, may be relied upon to prevent unintended sliding relative to the respective airways. The respiration apparatus 339 also comprises neck supports 342, 343, which in use are positioned against opposite sides of a neck of a user. Respective neck supports 342, 343 may be provided on inner surfaces of a generator unit housing and a component housing, respectively. The respiration apparatus 339 may be suitable for use with a reusable, for example, silicone mask, or with disposable masks.

Figure 35 illustrates a further alternative embodiment of a respiration apparatus, generally designated 344, which has similarities to the embodiments of respiration apparatus described above that will be evident to the skilled addressee, so that only the differences will be described hereafter. The respiration apparatus 344 comprises first and second neck engaging pads 345, 346 adapted to engage the back of a user's neck. The first neck engaging pad 345 is pivotably attached to an airflow generator housing 347 arranged to be located to a first side of a user's head, in use. The second neck engaging pad 346 is pivotably attached to a component housing 348 arranged to be located to a second side of a user's head, in use. An axis X about which the neck engaging pads 345, 346 can pivot extends between the generator housing 347 and the component housing 348 and is generally horizontal in use when the user's head is upright and the user's head and neck are not inclined) . The attachment of the neck engaging pads 345, 346 also allows the neck engaging pads 345, 346 to slide a short distance towards and away from mask 349 and biases the neck engaging pads 345, 346 towards the mask 349. Such connection allows the distance between, and relative orientation of, the neck engaging pads 345, 346 and the mask to vary as the user's head moves, to avoid discomfort and undue restriction of the user's movements. In this embodiment the neck engaging pads 345, 346 comprise suitably shaped and/or flexible batteries . Various components and features may be as described in relation to one or more of the other

embodiments described above. For example the respiration apparatus 344 may include a filter arrangement similar to that described in relation to Figure 32a, a mask/cover arrangement similar to that described in relation to

Figures 25 and 26, a wireless transmission capability as described in relation to Figure 13, mask cushioning as described in relation to Figure 19 etc. It should be appreciated that although the described embodiments may each have a specific illustrated form and specific selected features, the features disclosed in a given embodiment may be varied, replaced, combined with and/or augmented by, features described in relation to other embodiments, as desired and appropriate. It should also be appreciated that features described in relation to a given may also be omitted, for example to provide a simpler, lighter, or more economical apparatus. In some environments, particularly hot ones, wearing a respiration apparatus may result in some uncomfortable warming of a user due to heat loss from areas of a user covered by the respiration apparatus being attenuated compared to when the respiration apparatus is not worn. In an embodiment, a cooling device is provided to

facilitate comfort of the user. Figure 36 illustrates an embodiment of a cooling device.

The cooling device, generally designated by reference numeral 350 comprises a cooling insert 351. The cooling insert 351 comprises a material which is adapted to be chilled and to act as a heat sink for the user. The insert 351 is, in use, placed in a refrigerator until it cools sufficiently. The cooling device 350 also comprises a cover 352 which is arranged to receive the cooling insert 351 within the cover 352 via opening 353. The cover 352 has a Velcro attachment at the back (not shown) which is arranged to couple to a corresponding velcro pad on a respiration apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure .

In operation, the cooling device 350 maintains coolness of the neck of the user, promoting comfort.

Figures 37a, 37b and 37c illustrate an embodiment of a cylindrical filter, generally designated 400, which can be used with certain embodiments of breathing apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure. The filter 400 is generally cylindrical in form, although cross sectional shapes other than circular could be used. The filter 400 comprises an inlet end collar 401 which defines an air inlet 402, and which is provided with an external groove 403 for receiving an ^Λ0' ring (not shown) to reduce or avoid leakage of pressurized air passed the outside of the inlet end collar 401, in use. The filter 400 further comprises a generally cylindrical mesh-like retainer 404, for retaining a filter medium. In the illustrated

embodiment the filter medium comprises a fan folded, porous, fibrous cylinder 405, although other types of filter media could be used if desired. The filter 400 further comprises a closed-end cap 406. The inlet end collar 401 defines an annular channel 407 for receiving and sealing against a first, inlet, end of the filter medium cylinder 405. The closed-end cap 406 defines an annular channel 408 for receiving and sealing against a second end of the filter medium cylinder 405. The mesh-like retainer 404 provides a number of tapered fin portions 409 at the closed end (the end cap end) thereof, which together act as an alignment ring to assist in maintaining alignment of the filter 400 generally coaxial with a suitably dimensioned channel in which the filter 400 may be retained in use. That is, radially outermost parts of the fin portions 409 may contact the interior wall of a suitably dimensioned channel to maintain alignment of the filter 400 relative to the channel. The filter medium cylinder 405 defines a central axial air passageway 410 which extends substantially the entire length of the filter medium cylinder 405.

Figures 38, 39A and 39B illustrate a further alternative embodiment of a respiration apparatus, generally

designated 500, which utilizes the filter 400. The respiration apparatus 500 has a generation unit 503 and a component housing 510 and many other similarities with previously described embodiments, which will not be described in detail. The respiration apparatus 500 has an adjustable head band 528 of the type conventionally used for headphones, or alternatively ear hooks 529, for additional support, which attach to the rest of the apparatus using similar fittings so as to be

interchangeable. Attached to the airways, eg 508, or limbs are earphones 530, for generating audio for a user (with noise cancellation, as previously discussed) which may be slid along th e limbs to ensure good fitting. The respiration apparatus 500 utilises filter 400, which, in use, is inserted into the inlet airway 508, prior to attachment of the generation unit 503 to the inlet airway 508, for example by a bayonet fitting. Referring to Figures 40 and 41, in order to enable use of the PAPR for extended periods of time, a supplementary power supply is provided. A supplementary power supply arrangement 600 may comprise a pouch 670 (Figure 41) having an opening 671 and walls 672 forming a pouch arranged to receive a power pack unit 672. The power pack unit comprises (Figure 40) a rechargeable battery pack 673, a battery charger 674, a micro-control unit 675 for controlling battery charging and a user interface 676. A connector 677 is arranged to connect the power pack unit 672 to the respiration device, illustrated schematically in Figure 40 by a block diagram corresponding to the block diagram of Figure lib. A flap of material 678 extends from the pouch 670 and, in use, may arranged assist in attaching the pouch 670 to a convenient location on the user or respiration apparatus. The flap 678 may include fastening means such as Velcro and complementary fastening means may be provided on a location on the user, respiration apparatus, or elsewhere, where it is desired to locate the pouch 670 and

supplementary power supply arrangement 600.

Figure 41 also illustrates a support in the form of a headband 630, to provide further support of the apparatus in use.

The headband 630 is in the form of a fabric webbing having a portion 680, which is webbed, and which is arranged to sit on top of the user's head in use. First and second straps 681 and 682 extend from the webbed portion 680 and support connectors 631 and 632. Connectors 631 and 632 are arranged to receive lugs 684 provided on the sides of connector arrangement 685, so that the support 630 supports the apparatus in use. The connector arrangement 685, as illustrated, is located on part 686 of an airway, and may be of a type similar to that illustrated in

Figures 30 and 31. However, it will be appreciated that lugs for connection to clips 631, 632 (or functionally similar clips), may be provided elsewhere on a respiration apparatus as desired, in order to provide suitable connection to a headband. Other forms of headband, or other types of headgear could be substituted for the headband 630 to provide support for a respiration

apparatus, for example by suitable straps. For example hats, bandanas, helmets, ear muffs, sun visors etc. could be used to provide support for a respiration apparatus if desired.

Referring to Figures 42 to 44, an exhalation valve 601, which also serves a filtering function, is suitable for replacing the exhaust filter 130, illustrated in Figures 16 and 17, or in other embodiments where an exhalation valve is in a mask or elsewhere is desired. The

exhalation valve 601 comprises a valve base 620, which provides a valve seat 640. A valve actuator 621

comprising a disc 641 and projecting arm 651. The projecting arm 651 sits within a sleeve 652 within the valve base 620 and is retained by a spring (not shown) so that the disc 641 is biased to sit against the valve seat 640 and close valve passageways 653 which communicate with the air chamber within the mask.

A filter mount 622 comprising annular discs 655, 656 bracketing a perforated surface 657 to form an annular slot 658 for receiving the filter 623. Disc 656 has an opening 659 facing air passageways 653 and receiving the valve actuator 621 disc 641.

The filter 623 may be a HEPA filter or any other type of filter arranged to prevent particles being exhaled into the atmosphere (e.g. virus particles attached to droplets, bacteria etc . ) .

A filter cover 624, having a perforated outer rim 660 to allow the air to escape, covers the valve arrangement.

This type of valve can be used for any of the embodiments described in the present disclosure. This arrangement allows exhaled air to be filtered so that contaminants from the user' s exhalation will not be passed into the environment (although the filter could be omitted if such filtering is not desired) .

In operation, when a user exhales into the mask, the air pressure increases sufficiently to move the valve disc 621 against the force of the spring 653 to open the

communication between the air passageway 653 so that air is exhaled via the filter 623 perforation 660 in the cover. When the pressure drops the spring 653 closes the valve .

Referring now to Figure 45, a bypass arrangement which can be used in embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure, and generally designated by reference numeral 800, is illustrated.

In some cases, the airflow generator may be inoperable. This may be, for example, because it is faulty, because the battery is not charged, or because the user chooses to operate the respiration apparatus in a non-powered mode, or for any other reason.

When the airflow generator is not operating, the air pathway passing through the air generator can result in resistance to airflow, which could make it difficult for the user to breathe .

The bypass arrangement provides a bypass pathway by which air can flow when the airflow generator is not working, which avoids air flowing via the airflow generator.

With reference to Figure 45 the bypass arrangement comprises a manifold 801 which has a first pathway 802 which allows airflow from the airflow generator (into the drawing, as illustrated in Figure 45) towards the mask. It also has a second pathway 803 which includes a bypass valve 804. The bypass valve includes a valve seat 805, an ^Λ0' ring 806 for sealing the valve seat 805 in the second pathway, and a valve leaf 807 attached at its centre to the valve seat 805.

When the airflow generator is operating, the positive air pressure forces the valve leaf 807 against the valve seat 805, so that the valve 804 is closed.

When the airflow generator is not operating, attempted inhalation by the user creates negative pressure forcing the valve leaf 807 away from the valve seat 805, so that the valve 804 is open and the user can breathe via the valve 804 and the bypass passageway 803.

It is to be understood that, if any prior art publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country.

In the claims which follow and in the preceding

description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention.

It will be understood to persons skilled in the art of invention that many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS :

1. A respiration apparatus, comprising:

an air flow generator, a filter, and a delivery airway, the air flow generator being arranged to generate positive pressure air flow, the filter being arranged to filter air prior to inhalation by a user, and the delivery airway being arranged to transport the positively pressurised air and to connect to a mask to deliver the pressurised and filtered air to the mask for respiration by a user of the respiration apparatus;

wherein the air flow generator is housed in an air flow generator unit spaced apart from the mask;

wherein the respiration apparatus further comprises at least one component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent, the at least one said component being provided in a component housing unit; and

wherein the air flow generator unit and the component housing unit are separate and distinct units.

2. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the respiration apparatus is configured so that in use the airflow generator unit is located to a first side of the user's head and the component housing unit is located to a second side of the user's head.

3. A respiration apparatus as claimed in either preceding claim, wherein the air flow generator unit and the

component housing unit are arranged to provide a space between the rearmost parts thereof, the space allowing the respiration apparatus to be slid onto a user from the front of the user.

4. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein at least one said component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent comprises a power supply to supply electrical power to the air flow generator .

5. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein at least one said component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent comprises electronic control circuitry to control the air flow generator .

6. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein at least one said component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent comprises at least one sensor to sense at least one characteristic of air exhausted from the mask, and to provide an output for use in controlling operation of the air flow generator.

7. A respiration apparatus, comprising an air flow generator, a filter, and a delivery airway, the air flow generator being arranged to generate positive pressure air flow, the filter being arranged to filter air prior to inhalation by a user, and the delivery airway being arranged to transport the positively pressurised air and to connect to a mask to deliver the pressurised and filtered air to the mask for respiration by a user of the

respiration apparatus.

8. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the respiration apparatus further comprises an exhaust airway arranged to transport exhaust air from the mask to an exhaust outlet, spaced from the mask, from which the exhaust air is released.

9. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the delivery airway is arranged to extend adjacent a first side of a user's head and neck, and the exhaust airway is arranged to extend adjacent a second side of a user's head and neck.

10. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 7 to 9, wherein the air flow generator is housed in an air flow generator unit spaced apart from the mask and wherein the respiration apparatus is configured so that in use the airflow generator unit is located to a first side of the user ' s head .

11. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the respiration apparatus further comprises at least one component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent, wherein the at least one said component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent is provided in a component housing unit, and wherein the respiration apparatus is configured so that in use the the component housing unit is located to a second side of the user ' s head .

12. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein at least one said component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent comprises a power supply to supply electrical power to the air flow generator.

13. A respiration apparatus as claimed in either of claims 11 or 12, wherein at least one said component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent comprises electronic control circuitry to control the air flow generator .

14. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein at least one said component upon which operation of the air flow generator is dependent comprises at least one sensor to sense at least one characteristic of air exhausted from the mask, and to provide an output for use in controlling operation of the air flow generator.

15. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 11 to 14, wherein the air flow generator unit and the component housing unit are arranged to provide a space between the rearmost parts thereof, the space allowing the respiration apparatus to be slid onto a user from the front of the user.

16. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 11 to 15, wherein the component housing unit comprises an exhaust outlet of the respiration apparatus.

17. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein one or more pressure sensors are provided at or close to the exhaust outlet, to facilitate control of the the air flow generator based on the breathing of the user.

18. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 11 to 17, further comprising an electrical connector which extends between the component housing unit and the airflow generator unit.

19. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 7 to 18, wherein the respiration apparatus comprises a locating arrangement for locating the respiration apparatus relative to the user.

20. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein the locating arrangement and respiration apparatus are so that the air respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with a substantial portion of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above at least one shoulder of the user.

21. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein the respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with at least 40 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above at least one shoulder of the user.

22. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 21, wherein the respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with at least 20 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above one shoulder of the user, and at least 20 per cent of the mass of the powered air respiration apparatus directly above the other shoulder of the user.

23. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 19 to 22, wherein the locating arrangement comprises first and second opposed limbs, configured to extend away from the mask along respective first and second sides of a user's head or neck to thereby locate the respiration apparatus relative to the head or neck of the user.

24. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 23, wherein the first and second limbs are arranged to provide a space between the rearmost parts thereof, the space allowing the respiration apparatus to be slid onto a user from the front of the user.

25. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 24, wherein the first and second limbs have some resilience so that they may be slipped about the face and neck of the user, to support the respiration apparatus.

26. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 23 to 25, wherein the respiration apparatus comprises a limb coupling arrangement for coupling the first and second limbs behind the neck in order to provide support to the respiration apparatus relative to a user.

27. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 19 to 26, wherein the locating arrangement comprises headgear wearable on a user' s head and connected to the rest of the respiration apparatus to provide support therefor.

28. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 7 to 27, wherein the respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with no substantial mass of the apparatus located behind the neck of the user.

29. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 7 to 28, wherein the respiration apparatus can be worn and used by a user with no substantial bulk of the apparatus located behind the neck of the user.

30. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 7 to 29, wherein the air flow generator is mounted in an air flow generator unit by a suspension arrangement which damps vibration of the air flow generator to reduce transmission of vibration to an external housing of the air flow generator unit.

31. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 7 to 30, wherein the respiration apparatus further comprises a user interface.

32. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 7 to 31, wherein the respiration apparatus comprises a communication module for receipt of input data from a user.

33. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 32, wherein the input data comprises data for setting at least one operation parameter of the respiration apparatus.

34. A respiration apparatus as claimed in either of claims 32 or 33, wherein the communication module is a wireless communication module.

35. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 32 to 34, wherein the communication module is for

communication with a remote computerised device.

36. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 35, wherein the communication module is for communication with a mobile phone .

37. A respiration apparatus as claimed in claim 36, wherein the communication module is configured for transmitting speech to a mobile phone.

38. A

the re

39. A

37 or

for re

40. AA respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 7 ttoo 3399,, wherein the mask is a disposable mask.

41. A

to 40,

in the

42. A respiration apparatus as claimed in any of claims 7 to 41, wherein the respiration apparatus comprises a cover to cover at least a portion of the mask.