ES2900864T3 - Enhanced Breathing Apparatus (PAPR) - Google Patents

Abstract

Respiratory equipment (1) comprising: a filter (185) arranged to filter air entering the breathing equipment (1); an air flow generator (186) arranged to receive and pressurize the filtered air; and a mask (150) for providing filtered air to the respiratory tract of a user; the filter (185) and the airflow generator (186) are housed in a generator unit (162) arranged substantially around the back of the user's neck and away from the mask (150); characterized in that: a bypass valve (804) is provided and arranged to allow filtered air to pass therethrough in a single direction; and a manifold (801) is provided in connection with an air path (160) to transport the filtered air from the manifold to the mask, the manifold (801) having a first path (802) to receive air from the air flow generator. air (186) and a second path (803), located parallel to the first path (802), to receive air from the bypass valve (804) when the air flow generator is not operational, the bypass valve being (804) located within the second air path, and such that the filtered air is provided to the mask (150) either through the air flow generator (186) or through the bypass valve (804) when the air flow generator is not operational.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Enhanced Breathing Apparatus (PAPR)

field of invention

The present invention relates to improved respiratory equipment and, particularly but not exclusively, to improvements to powered air purifying respirators.

Background of the invention

Respirators such as powered air purifying respirators (PAPR) are generally known for use in contaminated environments. A typical PAPR comprises a motorized impeller arranged to draw air from the atmosphere and a filter element through which the air passes. The impeller positively pressurizes the air and transfers it to the user's airway through a mask. PAPR devices are used in highly polluted or hazardous environments. Such environments include contaminated industrial areas, hospitals, and other potentially dangerous environments.

Conventional PAPRs tend to be bulky, cumbersome, and uncomfortable to wear. This discourages its use. Typical PAPRs are difficult to wear and wear for long periods. An example of these undesirable PAPRs is found in US Patent Application 2010/0089397, which shows a belt-mounted or hand-carried unit having a constant speed rotary lobe blower, a pneumatically actuated valve, and a discharge line. return. Constant airflow is produced by a lobe blower to pressurize the mask. When the pressure exceeds the valve set pressure, the excess air is returned through the return line and back to the blower inlet. Due to the continuous operation of the blower at full speed to overcome breathing resistance in the long air tubes, battery life is often short.

The present applicants have designed a low profile "PAPR" that is less bulky and more comfortable to wear. Our PAPR is described in PCT International Patent Application No. PCT/AU2010/000902.

WO2011006206 patent document discloses a respirator including a mask and a neck component. The mask is adapted to substantially surround at least the mouth or nostrils of a wearer. The neck component is coupled to said mask and adapted to substantially encircle the back of said wearer's neck. The neck component includes a flow generator for receiving unfiltered air from a surrounding environment, filtering said unfiltered air, and providing filtered air to said mask. The respirator has a "low profile" appearance and is tailored to fit comfortably around the wearer's neck. There is a need for additional improvements to PAPRs to improve functionality and comfort.

Summary of the invention

According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a breathing apparatus, according to the claims, comprising

a filter (185) arranged to filter air entering the breathing apparatus (1);

an air flow generator (186) arranged to receive and pressurize the filtered air; Y

a mask (150) for providing filtered air to a wearer's respiratory tract;

the filter (185) and airflow generator (186) are housed in a generator unit (162) disposed substantially around the back of the wearer's neck and remote from the mask (150); characterized because:

a bypass valve (804) is provided and arranged to allow filtered air to pass through in one direction only; Y

a manifold (801) is provided in connection with an airway (160) for conveying filtered air from the manifold to the mask,

the manifold (801) having a first path (802) for receiving air from the airflow generator (186) and a second path (803) for receiving air from the bypass valve (804) when the airflow generator is not is operational, and

such that filtered air is provided to the mask (150) either through the airflow generator (186) or through the bypass valve (804) when the airflow generator is not operational.

In one embodiment, the generator unit comprises a filter housing arranged to mount one or more filters. In a further embodiment, an additional filter adapter is arranged to be mounted on the generator unit, the additional filter adapter being arranged to receive an additional filter unit.

In one embodiment, the generator unit comprises a removable filter cover, arranged to be removed and replaced with the additional filter adapter.

In one embodiment, the airway includes an airway connector for connecting the airway to the mask to allow airflow into the mask and the wearer's airway.

In one embodiment, the airflow generator and filter are housed in a generator unit that is located remote from the mask. The generator unit may be arranged to be mounted on the user person. In one embodiment, the unit is arranged to be mounted on the user's shoulder. In another embodiment, the unit may be mounted behind the user's neck. The unit can be mounted on the user's head. In another embodiment, the unit can be mounted on a belt. In another embodiment, the unit can be mounted under a user's arm, using a shoulder strap. The unit can be mounted anywhere on the user person. In one embodiment, an expiration valve is mounted on the mask to allow expiration of air.

In one embodiment, the expiration valve comprises a filter arranged to filter the air going out into the environment. In one embodiment, a separate airway for expelled air is provided to communicate with the mask and carry the expelled air out of the mask.

In one embodiment, the mask may be removable from the generator unit and airway. In one embodiment, the mask may be a disposable mask. In one embodiment, the mask may be washable.

An advantage of the breathing apparatus according to one embodiment is that the generator unit can be preserved and the masks can be disposed of or washed separately. The airway can be connected to a new mask or a washed mask. At least one embodiment has the advantage that it can be used domestically to reduce inhalation of air pollutants in urban areas. For example, it can be used by pedestrians, cyclists and others.

In one embodiment, the expulsion of air takes place through the mask and/or the sides of the mask. In a further embodiment, an exhaust valve may be provided in the mask.

In another embodiment, a separate airway is connected to the mask for expulsion. In one embodiment, the separate airway can be provided with an additional filter to filter the expelled gas before it goes out into the environment.

In one embodiment, the mask is of a material and flexibility such that it conforms to the profile of the wearer's face. The equipment can be arranged to be used with a disposable mask, as discussed above, or it can be arranged to be used with a non-disposable mask. In one embodiment, the respirator comprises a mask that is intended to be worn repeatedly. The mask can be made of a resistant plastic material such as silicone. In one embodiment, the mask may be arranged such that it fits the wearer's face.

In one embodiment, a mask for use with the respirator incorporates one or more features that improve wearing comfort. In one embodiment, the mask has a top that is arranged to be located proximate a wearer's nose and the top incorporates a strong structural feature that allows the top to flex to accommodate the wearer's nose.

In one embodiment, the strong structural feature comprises a bellows-like arrangement, arranged to compress and expand.

In one embodiment, the mask comprises a face contacting edge comprising a thinner wall section to improve comfort against the face.

In one embodiment, an area arranged for contact with the person's face comprises a thinner wall section. This area may also comprise a gel pad to improve comfort against the nose and/or face.

In one embodiment, the respirator may comprise a mask that is arranged to surround the wearer's mouth, but not the nose. In one embodiment, nasal connectors extend from an upper portion of the mask that surrounds the mouth and are arranged to be inserted into the nostrils of the wearer. This results in a low profile mask that can be used advantageously with goggles or goggles without the mask interfering with goggles or goggles.

In one embodiment, passageways may be provided within the nasal connectors to allow air communication between the interior of the mask and the wearer's nose.

In one embodiment, the respirator comprises a mask that is arranged to encircle only the nostrils of a wearer and leave the mouth exposed. Thus, the wearer can still speak and filtered air continues to be supplied to the nasal passages for respiration.

In one embodiment, the respirator comprises a mask arrangement comprising a mask frame arranged to support a cover. The cover may be relatively soft and flexible. The flexible cover is arranged to cover the nose and/or mouth openings of a person and provide a volume to contain the filtered air.

In one embodiment, the cover or part of the cover is not flexible and is arranged to transmit sound so that a wearer can speak through the mask.

In one embodiment, the mask is connected to glasses for the wearer.

In one embodiment, a decorative cover is included for the mask.

In one embodiment, the airway comprises airway walls defining a closed airway channel. In one embodiment, the airway comprises an airway frame that is arranged to extend into the mask to provide filtered air to the mask. In one embodiment, the airway frame extends across the front of the mask, with openings in the frame being provided that coincide with openings in the mask for transporting air into the mask. In this embodiment, the frame may provide additional support for the mask. In one embodiment, the generator unit comprises a filter housing arranged to mount one or more filters. In one embodiment, an additional filter adapter is arranged to be mounted to the generator unit, the filter adapter being arranged to receive an additional filter unit.

In one embodiment, the generator unit comprises a removable filter cover, arranged to be removed and replaced with the additional filter adapter.

In one embodiment, the filter comprises a filter housing arranged to receive and mount filters. Filters can be replaced from time to time if they have been worn.

In one embodiment, the filter housing comprises an additional filter mounting portion arranged to receive additional filter components to provide additional filtration.

In one embodiment, the respirator comprises a pair of arms arranged to extend from the mask or a mask support, to support the respirator relative to the wearer. In one embodiment, the arms are arranged to extend up to the user's neck. In one embodiment, the arms may be attached behind the neck to support the breathing apparatus.

In one embodiment, a separate neck pad can be connected to the arms at points remote from the mask and used to provide additional support for the respirator when mounted on the wearer. In one embodiment, the supports extend from the arms and comprise hooks arranged to fit over a wearer's ears to provide additional support.

In one embodiment, the supports extend from the arms and are connected to form a headband arranged to pass over the wearer's head and provide support.

In one embodiment, the arms incorporate the airway.

In one embodiment, the respirator comprises a pair of arms extending from the mask and connecting to a generator unit arranged, in use, to be mounted by the arms on the back of the wearer's head.

In one embodiment, the generator unit is spaced from the back of the user's head to allow the user to tilt their head without interfering with the generator unit. In this embodiment, a separate neck support may be provided to support the user's neck during use.

In one embodiment, the respirator comprises a power supply arranged to provide power to the respirator.

In one embodiment, the power source comprises a battery mounted on the breathing apparatus.

In one embodiment, the respirator may comprise a supplemental power supply that, in use, may be added to the respirator. The supplemental power supply may comprise a power supply bracket arranged to mount a battery. The power supply bracket can be arranged to be mounted on the breathing apparatus.

In one embodiment, the airflow generator is arranged to generate a pressure within the mask of between 0.01 and 4 cm of water.

In one embodiment, the airflow generator is arranged to generate a pressure within the mask of between 0.1 and 2.5 cm of water.

In one embodiment, a control unit for controlling the airflow generator is arranged to vary the power according to the user's breathing.

One embodiment is arranged to vary the airflow output during a user's respiratory cycle.

In one embodiment, the respirator comprises a bypass arrangement that is arranged to allow airflow to bypass the airflow generator in a non-powered mode of the respirator. This has the advantage of reducing airflow resistance, which can be caused by the airflow generator when it is not operating. This allows a user to continue to breathe relatively freely when the airflow generator is not operational. In one embodiment, the bypass arrangement comprises a manifold and a bypass valve.

Some embodiments of the present invention can be used primarily for home applications. Light weight versions using disposable masks are particularly suitable for home applications. However, the versions with washable masks that are intended to be used more than once can also be used at home. Implementations intended for industrial use will probably have more filtering capacity and perhaps more powerful motors and heavier masks. Domestic use is not excluded.

In one embodiment, the respirator provides positive air pressure that is slightly higher than ambient air pressure to ensure that positive airflow into the wearer's airway occurs in the mask to enhance inhalation. Generally, the air pressure will not be very great, since the user is able to inhale on their own and inhalation should not be forced by high air pressure. In one embodiment, the respirator provides a pressure inside the mask of no more than 3 cm of water.

In one embodiment, the respirator provides a pressure inside the mask of between 0.1 and 3.5 cm of water. In one embodiment, the pressure provided is between 1 and 2.5 cm of water. In one embodiment, the pressure provided is between 1.5 and 2.2 cm of water.

According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a mask arranged to at least surround the nostrils of a wearer, the mask having a top portion that is arranged to be located proximate a wearer's nose, the top portion incorporating a structural feature sturdy that allows the top to flex to accommodate the wearer's nose.

In one embodiment, the mask is arranged for use with a powered air purifying respirator.

According to a third aspect, the present invention provides a mask arranged to surround the mouth and/or nostrils of a user, the mask having an area arranged for contact with the person's face, comprising a relatively large wall section. thinner than the rest of the mask.

In one embodiment, at least a portion of the area also comprises a gel pad to improve comfort against the wearer's face.

In one embodiment, the mask is arranged for use with a powered air purifying respirator.

According to a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a mask arranged to surround a wearer's mouth, but not to surround the nostrils.

In one embodiment, the mask comprises a pair of nasal connectors which extend from the mask and are arranged to be inserted into the nostrils of the wearer.

In one embodiment, passageways are provided within the nasal connectors to allow air communication between the interior of the mask and the wearer's nose.

In one embodiment, the mask may be arranged for use with a powered air purifying respirator.

According to a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a mask that is arranged to surround only the nostrils of a wearer and leave the mouth exposed.

In one embodiment, the mask is arranged for use with a powered air purifying respirator.

According to a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a mask arrangement, comprising a mask structure arranged to support a cover arranged to surround the mouth and/or nostrils of a wearer.

In one embodiment, the mask arrangement is arranged for use with a powered air purifying respirator. According to a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a mask arranged to cover the mouth and/or nostrils of a wearer and comprising a relatively rigid mask portion that allows sound transmission.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a powered air respirator may comprise a generator unit for generating filtered, positively pressurized air. In one embodiment, the generator unit is mounted in a housing arranged to be located, in use, at the back of the user's neck.

According to an eighth aspect, the present invention provides a cooling device which is arranged for use with a powered air respirator having a housing arranged to be mounted on the neck, the cooling device being arranged to be located between the housing mounted on the wearer's neck and neck.

In one embodiment, the cooling device comprises a refrigeration-coolable pad located on a surface of the neck-mounted housing proximate the neck to keep the neck cool.

According to a ninth aspect, the present invention provides a respirator comprising an airflow generator, the airflow generator being arranged to generate a positive pressure airflow, and an airway being arranged to convey positively pressurized air to a mask for providing the pressurized air to a user's airway, and a control unit for controlling the airflow generator in response to a user's breathing.

In one embodiment, the control unit is arranged to vary the power of the airflow generator during a respiratory cycle of the user.

In one embodiment, the control unit is arranged to vary the power of the airflow generator in response to the respiratory rate of the user. The invention is defined by the claims.

Brief description of the drawings

The characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the following description of the embodiments thereof, by way of example only, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a block diagram showing components of a respirator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an airflow generator and filter unit of a respirator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a respirator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a sectional view of the equipment of Figure 15, showing interior components;

Figure 5 is a further perspective view of the embodiment of Figure 3, illustrating the mask arrangement disconnected from the rest of the equipment;

Figure 6 is a detailed view of the mask arrangement of the embodiment of Figures 3 to 5;

Figure 7 illustrates a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 8 is an illustration of a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 9 is an illustration of a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 10 is an illustration of a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 11 is an illustration of a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 12 is an illustration of a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 13 is an illustration of a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 14 is an illustration of a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 15 is an illustration of a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 16 is an interior view of the mask arrangement of the embodiment of Figure 15;

Figure 17 is an illustration of a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 18 is a sectional view of the mask arrangement of the embodiment of Figure 17;

Figure 19 is an illustration of a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 20 is a sectional view of the mask arrangement of the embodiment of Figure 19;

Figure 21 is an illustration of a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 21A is an illustration of a "skeleton" that can be used with embodiments similar to the embodiment of Figure 21;

Fig. 21B is an illustration showing a mask using the skeleton of Fig. 21A;

Figure 21C is a further view of a mask using the skeleton of Figure 21A;

Figure 22 is an illustration of a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 23 is an exploded view of parts of the embodiment of Figure 22;

Figure 24 is a representation of a mask cover part of the embodiment of Figure 23;

Figures 25 and 26 are details of an airway of a breathing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 27 is a perspective view of a generator unit for use with a respirator according to embodiments of the present invention, shown with an additional filter adapter attached and an additional filter;

Figure 28 is a view of the generator unit of Figure 27 showing the filter removed from the additional filter adapter;

Figure 29 is a perspective view of a breathing apparatus according to a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 30 is a plan view of a neck brace for use with the respirator of the embodiment of Figure 29;

Figure 31 is a side view of the equipment of Figure 29 shown being worn by a user;

Figure 32 is a detail of the embodiment of Figure 29, illustrating the connection of a neck support to the breathing apparatus;

Figure 33 is a detail of the embodiment of Figure 29, showing an alternative connection for a neck support;

Figure 34 illustrates a cooling device for use with a respirator according to one embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 35 illustrates the cooling device of Figure 34 in its position in a breathing apparatus;

Figure 36 is a perspective view of a support insert for use with a respirator according to one embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 37 is a diagram showing the position, in use, of the support insert of Figure 36;

Fig. 38 is a block diagram of an airflow generator and filter unit of a respirator according to a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 39 is a perspective view of a respirator according to a further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 40 is a further perspective view of the respirator of Figure 39, shown with a head support in position;

Figure 41 is an exploded view of the embodiment of Figure 40;

Figure 42 is a further exploded view of components of the kit of Figure 40;

Figure 43 is an exploded view of additional components of the kit of Figure 40;

Figure 44 is a top and side perspective view of an expiratory filter that can be used with embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 45 is a disassembled view of the filter of Figure 44;

Figure 46 is a sectional view of the filter of Figure 44;

Figure 47 is a perspective view of a generator unit for use with a respirator according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 48 is a further perspective view of the generator unit of Figure 47, shown with a filter cover open;

Figure 49 illustrates the generator unit of Figure 47 with an additional filter adapter attached and an additional filter;

Figure 50 shows the generator unit of Figure 49 with the additional filter detached from the additional filter adapter;

Figure 51 is a top and side perspective view of the embodiment of Figure 39 with the additional filter adapter and additional filter of Figures 49 and 50 attached;

Figure 52 is a detail of the embodiment of Figure 39, showing a load connection point for a power supply;

Figure 53 is a schematic top view of a generator unit for use with filter equipment in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 54 is a view from the side of the generator unit of Figure 53;

Figures 55(a) and 55(b) show schematic diagrams of embodiments using the generator unit of Figure 53 and Figure 54, illustrating different attitudes of use;

Figure 56 is an exploded rear end view of equipment in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a bypass arrangement;

Figure 57 is a detailed component view of a bypass valve for use with the embodiment of Figure 56;

Figures 58 and 59 are flowcharts illustrating control algorithms for controlling a breath response arrangement for a respirator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 60 shows two graphs of mask pressure and motor power during a respiratory cycle, and

Figures 61a and 61b are mask pressure curves for operation of one embodiment of the invention.

Detailed description of the embodiments

Figure 1 is a block diagram showing components of a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) system in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. The PAPR 1 system comprises the following components:

(a) a mask 2 which, in use, is arranged to form a closed chamber over the mouth and/or nostrils of a wearer. The chamber formed by the mask is arranged to receive purified air which, in this example, is under positive pressure;

(b) an air flow generator and filter unit 3 (generator unit). In this example, the airflow generator comprises an impeller 4 with power supply (not shown), which is arranged to positively pressurize air drawn in from the outside environment. The generator unit 3 also comprises a filter 5 arranged to filter the air, a control unit 6 to control the generator unit 3 and, in some embodiments, one or more sensors to detect air pressure/air quality.

(c) an air path 8 which is arranged to transport positively pressurized air from the generator unit 3 to the mask 2.

The mask 3 can comprise any form of mask that can form a closed chamber over the user's mouth and/or nostrils. It may comprise a mask that can be separated from the rest of the kit and disposed of. It may comprise a mask that is not intended to be disposable, but may instead be washable.

Positively pressurized and filtered air from the generator unit 3 is drawn into the air chamber formed by the mask 3 through the air path 20. A positive pressure inside the chamber is advantageous as it reduces the amount of air unfiltered that can enter the camera from the edges of the mask.

The mask can be arranged such that when the wearer exhales, the expired air is expelled from the mask. The mask can be made of filter material itself, in which case the expulsion can take place through the filter material. Alternatively or additionally, the ejection may take place through the edges of the mask, surrounding the face.

In one embodiment, an exhaust valve (see below) may be provided for use with the mask 3. The exhaust valve may allow expelled air to vent when a user is breathing heavily, to relieve pressure in the bladder. air.

In another embodiment, the air path may include a return air path, which receives exhaust air, for exhaust through the additional return air path. In some embodiments (see below), an additional filter may be provided to filter expired air.

In some embodiments, the generator unit 3 can be mounted in a convenient location, on the user's shoulder or behind the user's neck. The generator unit 3 can be located in different positions and can have different casing shapes.

It can be located under the arm, for example, or in a jacket pocket (it can be a convenient rectangular shape similar to that of a smartphone or similar device). It can be secured around the back of the neck, for example. It can be located on a user's belt. It can be placed in any other position and the shape can be adapted accordingly.

The generator unit 3 can be provided in one or more versions. Each version can have different functionality as required by factors such as cost and desired functionality.

In one embodiment, only filter and positive air pressure functionality may be needed. In this embodiment, the generator unit 3 thus includes a filter 5 for filtering air and an impeller 4 for positively pressurizing the air. In this case, a control unit 6 can be a simple on/off switch.

In another embodiment, control 6 may include a user adjustment switch that allows the user to set a level for driver 4 and thereby decrease or increase the air pressure in the mask. A power source (not shown in the figures), such as a battery, is also provided for the drive and control.

The embodiments of the generator units may include variations of the embodiments described in the current applicant's international patent application PCT/AU2010/0000902.

Figure 2 is a block diagram showing various components that can be used in the generator unit of this embodiment of this invention. As mentioned above, some of these components are optional, and which components are included will depend on factors such as cost and functionality required for the unit. A simple unit may simply comprise a filter, control switch and driver, as mentioned above. Other embodiments may have additional components, providing additional functionality, as shown in Figure 2.

Filter 5 may comprise a single filter type or may comprise a plurality of different filter types in cascade. Figure 2 illustrates a coarse filter 35 that can remove large particles present in very dusty environments, such as woodcutting shops. The coarse filter 35 may be a low cost synthetic fiber and washable or easily disposed of.

Coarse filter 35 is followed by a prefilter 36. Prefilter 36 may be made of a suitable synthetic fiber, such as polypropylene, and preferably have an efficiency equal to or better than 90% for particle sizes of 5 pm and above.

The prefilter 36 is followed by a HEPA filter 37. The HEPA filter is a particulate filter. An activated carbon filter 38 may also be included and also a photocatalytic filter 39. The filter set including all filters 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 would provide very good filter functionality. In a simple embodiment, such as a simple respirator set up for use in an urban environment, a single HEPA filter 37 may suffice.

Different filters 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 can be used separately or together depending on the application required. Filters can be provided in one or more filter units that can be easily removed for disposal and replacement, or for washing.

The drive arrangement in the embodiment of Figure 2 comprises a motor control and a blower 40 and 41 respectively. A battery pack 42 is provided for power supply, and a battery charger 43 for connecting to an external power source to charge the battery 43. The controller 6 in this embodiment comprises a micro control unit (MCU) 44.

The generator unit of figure 2 comprises a heater 45 which can heat cold air to be supplied to the mask 2. In an alternative embodiment, a cooler and an air conditioner can be provided. Also, in another embodiment, a humidifier may be provided. Therefore, the breathing apparatus can be adapted for various environments. A cold environment can use a heater, a hot environment can implement a refrigerator or air conditioner.

The embodiment of Figure 2 also comprises a negative ion generator 46 for providing negative ions.

In the embodiment of Figure 2, sensors 7 are provided, in this embodiment in the form of a flow sensor and/or pressure sensor 47. The flow or pressure sensor may be located in or near the airway 8 to detect pressure. The pressure can be compared to a user pressure setting, at the MCU 44, and the blower 41 can be adjusted to vary the pressure. In one embodiment, the m Cu 44 may include a control mechanism to detect the rate of change of air flow or pressure and vary the blower 4 l accordingly. Therefore, when a user begins to breathe more rapidly, the blower 41 can be increased to compensate for the increased need for air. A description of such a reaction control mechanism is found in applicant's co-pending International Patent Application (PCT) No. PCT/AU2010/0000902.

A user interface 48 may be provided for input of user controls, such as pressure settings, heater settings, on/off switch, and any other necessary controls.

The MCU 44 may be programmable, and various software modules may be used to vary the functionality. The MCU may operate with updatable software or program logic to control flow rate based on user settings and/or environmental conditions and/or sensor data.

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the breathing apparatus according to the present invention. The mask arrangement 150 is connected via airways 160 and 161 (also airways 157 and 158) to a generator unit 162.

The arrangement of Figure 3 is similar to the PAPR equipment described in Applicant's earlier patent application PCT/AU2010/000902. It is modified by the mask arrangement 150 (see description of Figure 6 below) and may include any of the other modifications (particularly of the generator unit 162) mentioned in this specification.

Generator unit 162 is mounted by a neck component 163 which, in use, is worn on the back of a user's neck. A neck pad 164 provides a level of comfort to the user. It can be made of soft, flexible material.

Cooperating connection arrangements 165 (an equivalent connection arrangement is on the other side of equipment not shown in Figure 3) act to connect mask arrangement 150 and airways 157 and 158 with airways 160 and 161 leading to generator unit 162. Airways 160 and 161 essentially form "arms" that join and support mask assembly 150 together with generator unit 162.

Figure 5 shows an exploded view of the respirator, showing the mask assembly 150 separated from the generator unit 162. The connection arrangement 165 (see figure 5) comprises a mask clip 166 and a mask clip receiver. 167 arranged to receive the mask clip 166 and retain it. Airways 157 and 158 have connectors 170 and 171 which fit into corresponding inlets 172 and 173 in airways 160 and 161 respectively. The airways 160 and 161 are resistively compressible (i.e. they can be extended and compressed to provide some flexibility to the respirator over the wearer's neck and face, and also to facilitate a good fit) and a ratcheting arrangement 175 ( an equivalent ratchet arrangement is on the other side of Figure 5, not shown) allows adjustment of the length of the airways 160, 161 for comfort and fit.

Figure 4 shows a sectional view through the equipment of the embodiment of Figure 3. A breathing chamber 180 is provided in the space between the wearer's face and the mask shell 150. The breathing chamber 180 is isolated from the surrounding environment thanks to the seal on the user's face. Airways 157, 158, 160, 161, when connected, provide conduits 181, 182 for airflow from generator unit 162 to mask chamber 180 and back to generator unit 162 for exhaust. to the environment. The airflow direction is shown in Figure 4 by the black and white arrows. Black arrows indicate air that is expired and white arrows indicate pressurized and filtered air that is provided to the mask chamber 180.

The generator unit comprises a filter unit 185 for receiving and filtering inhaled air. Filter unit 185 may comprise a number of different types of filters, as mentioned above, such as pre-filters, HEPA filters, and others, depending on the type of filtration required for the environment in which the equipment is to be used. breathing. An impeller unit 186 pressurizes the air and forces it in the direction indicated by the arrows. Expired air can be expelled through an additional filter unit 187 to prevent, for example, pathogens from the wearer from being expelled into the environment. A software controlled control unit 188 may control the driver 186 and other aspects of the breathing apparatus. A power source 189 in the form of a battery is also provided in the generator unit.

The breathing apparatus may also comprise one or more pressure, flow and/or temperature sensors. By monitoring the wearer's breathing patterns, the control unit 188 is capable of controlling the flow rate of air supplied to the mask chamber 180. The control unit may operate with updatable software or program logic to control the flow rate based on user settings, environmental conditions, and/or sensor data.

The respirator of this embodiment may include one, more, or all of the other components shown and described above in connection with Figure 2. A valve arrangement, such as described in connection with Figures 46, 47, 48 can be used as valve 156. An optional communication module consisting of a microphone, speech signal processing/noise cancellation, and a Bluetooth module can be implemented in this embodiment (and other embodiments). The goal is to be able to speak quietly and clearly while wearing the mask. The microphone is ideally located within the neckband component 162. Alternatively, it may be mounted within the facepiece. A noise canceling and Bluetooth module is mounted on the neckband component 162. Engine noise and ambient noise are canceled and voice is enhanced. The voice is converted to an audio stream and transmitted to a suitable Bluetooth-enabled device, such as a nearby speaker or smartphone, wirelessly. This makes voice communication easy without removing your mask. If the user wears Bluetooth headsets or headphones, they can make a phone call in a whisper even in a noisy environment.

With the Bluetooth module, a smartphone can be used as a remote control device for the ventilator (using an app, for example), and it is also possible to download the software, obtain information on the use of the ventilator, alerts, filter replacement notices, etc.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a mask arrangement in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The mask arrangement of this embodiment comprises structural mask features that improve comfort for the wearer as well as mask performance. The mask 150 of this embodiment comprises a face contact pad 151 which is arranged to surround the periphery of the mask and, in use, is in contact with the wearer's face. This cushion 151 can be arranged to be relatively flexible and softer than the rest of the mask and can even be made of a different material. A portion 152 of the cushion, arranged to contact the upper part of the face and the bridge of the nose, is arranged to be thinner than the rest of the cushion 151 to improve comfort.

The upper part 153 of the mask is provided with a flexible bellows-like arrangement 154 which allows the cushion 153 to flex. The bellows-like arrangement 154 forms a strong structural feature of the mask 150 which, in use, again improves comfort and flexibility. adaptation to the user's face.

Mounted on a lower part of the mask 155 is a valve 156 which expels air from the mask 150 when the pressure within the mask 150 exceeds a predetermined level.

In this embodiment, airways 157 and 158 are integrated into facepiece 150. Airway 157 carries filtered, pressurized air from generator unit 162 to the facepiece and airway 158 carries expired air from the facepiece. back to the generator unit, where it can be filtered before being expelled.

The features associated with the mask, such as the strong structural feature and the thinnest wall section, are not limited to a mask with an integral airway, as shown in Figure 6. The airway can be independent and it can be, for example, of any of the types shown above and in the embodiments described below, or of any other type.

Figures 7 to 13 illustrate various forms of breathing apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Referring to Figure 7, a PAPR in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The PAPR 50 comprises a generator unit 51, an airway 52, and a combined face shield and eye protection arrangement 53. The generator unit 51 and airway 52 may comprise components similar to those mentioned above in connection with the embodiments. above, and no further description will be given here. The airway is a single airway 52 from the generator unit 51 to the mask 53. There is no return airway as in the Fig. 3 embodiment. The generator unit 51 is shoulder mounted.

The mask and eye protection arrangement 53 comprises a mouth and nose mask 54 and eye protection 55 in the form of a pair of goggles secured with a strap 56 which, in use, passes over the ears and behind the head. neck. Alternatively, the strap 56 may comprise a pair of supports that only pass over the ears.

In this embodiment, goggles 55 are secured to facepiece 54. And may be amenable to removal from facepiece 54 for cleaning. The mask 54 is secured by a strap 57 arranged to pass behind the neck. Mask 54 is not, in this embodiment, a disposable mask, but rather a mask of washable material, such as silicone. A portion 58 of the mask is relatively flat and rigid and can transmit sound waves so that the wearer can speak through them.

In this embodiment, the generator unit 51 is worn over the shoulder and there is a single airway 52 to provide filtered and pressurized air to the mask 54. Expired air must exit the mask 54 through filter material and/or an exhaust valve (not shown).

A further embodiment is shown in Figure 8. The PAPR 60 of this embodiment comprises a generator unit 61 which, in this embodiment, comprises a neck-mounted casing, which extends around the back of the wearer's neck and has a remaining part 62 that rests on the user's shoulders. The airway 63 in this embodiment comprises a pair of airway members 64, only one of which is shown in the figure; the other airway 64 passes around the other side of the neck and joins the generator unit 61 on the opposite side of the wearer (not shown). The structure of the airway 63 is generally similar to a structure of the airway of the embodiment of Figs. 3 to 5.

The PAPR 60 also comprises a mask which, in this embodiment, is covered by a decorative mask shell 65. The decorative mask shell 65 may comprise material attached to the unit 61 and also to a headband 66 at attachment points 67. Cover 65 in this embodiment is intended to provide an aesthetic appearance. The decorative mask cover 65 also provides protection for the face from the environment. This is very important, particularly in some countries where it is considered important to protect the environment face. For example, the decorative covering can be effective in protecting the face from the effects of UV radiation.

In use, pressurized and filtered air is provided through airway 64 to a mask (not shown) under cover 65. On the other side of the wearer (not shown), the second airway member 64 carries exhaled air out of the mask and back to unit 64. Exhaled air is expelled from unit 61. Unit 61 in this embodiment includes an exhaled air filter, which filters exhaled air, and also includes filters for filter the air sucked into the equipment. Arrangement of an expired air filter in this way means that any viruses or bacteria that the user might be carrying would not be expelled into the environment, or at least the expulsion of such pathogens into the environment would be reduced.

Figure 9 illustrates yet another embodiment of the invention. The respirator 70 of this embodiment comprises a mask and goggle unit 71. The mask 72 comprises a nose bridge 73 that extends upwardly to the integral goggle mount 74, which supports the protective lenses 75, 76. The mount 74 comprises a pair of arms 77, 78 which extend behind the wearer's ears to support the arrangement. Arms 77, 78 may be rigid plastics or, in an alternative embodiment, may comprise a flexible strap that passes around the back of the wearer's head. Respirator 70 also comprises an airway 79 and generator unit 80, which are similar to the generator unit and airway of the FIG. 8 embodiment. Mask 72 includes a relatively rigid portion 81 and flat that allows the transmission of sound.

Figure 10 illustrates a further embodiment of a respirator according to the present invention.

Respirator 90 of this embodiment comprises a mask arrangement 91 including a frame 92 that supports mask 93 and also supports goggles 94, comprising a pair of integral lenses 95 and 96. A headband 97 is attached to the frame. 92 at tops 98 and 99. The headband 97 extends across the back of the wearer's head in use to secure the mask fit on the wearer's face. Frame 92 forms a full face mask that covers the wearer's nose and mouth and supports goggles 94. Mask 92 includes a relatively rigid and flat portion 100 for transmitting sound. Frame 92 may be relatively flexible so as to conform to the contours of the wearer's face.

Generator unit 101 and airway 102 are similar in shape to the embodiment of Figure 8.

Figure 11 is a side view of a further embodiment of a respirator 110 in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, the generator unit 111 is arranged to be located, in use, at the back of the wearer's neck. A headband 112 is connected to an upper part 113 of the generator unit 111. The headband 112 reaches from the back of the neck to the back of the head and is integrated into a mask band 113 that passes around from both sides of the head and is attached to side portions 114 (there is another side portion 114 on the other side of the wearer's face, not shown in this drawing) of the mask arrangement 110. The mask tape 113 and the mask tape head 112 work together to support the complete breathing apparatus 110.

The mask arrangement 120 comprises a frame 116 that forms a top 117 of the mask and has side portions 118 (another side portion 118 on the other side of the head, not shown in this drawing) connecting the top 117 of the mask. mask arrangement 110 and generator unit 111. The frame, at least parts 118, are of a relatively flexible material so that all of the equipment 110 can be passed over the wearer's head and secured in position.

The mask arrangement 120 also comprises a relatively rigid front portion 119 that allows sound transmission. An airway 121 connects the generator unit 111 to a chamber over the wearer's mouth and nose formed by the mask arrangement 120. An equivalent airway (not shown) is located on the other side of the head to receive expired air, in a similar way to the equipment in figure 8.

Figure 12 illustrates yet a further embodiment of the present invention. The respirator 130 of this arrangement has a mask arrangement 131 comprising a full face mask 132 that extends over the nose and over the chin. A headband 133 is attached to upper portions 134 of the mask arrangement (the other upper portion 134 on the other side of the head, not shown in this drawing), and extends across the back of the head to ensure safety. provision. A pad 135 is attached to the headband 133 at the back of the head.

The breathing apparatus includes a generator unit 136 that is located on the back of the head and is secured by elastic straps 137 (a strap 137 is also on the other side of the head, not shown in this drawing) that are attached to the disposition of mask 130 on side portions 138 (another side portion 138 on the other side of the head, not shown in this drawing). Airways 139 (another airway on the other side of the head) connect mask 132 to generator unit 136.

A further embodiment of a respirator is shown in Figure 13. The respirator 140 in this embodiment comprises a mask arrangement 141 comprising a mask 142 that extends from the bridge of the nose to below the chin of a wearer. . Kit 140 includes a generator unit 143 mounted behind the neck and airways 144 on both sides of the head (the airway on the other side is not shown in this drawing).

A vent arrangement 145 is provided in the front of the mask. The vent arrangement comprises holes 146 in the mask material and filter material below said holes, to filter expired air.

In this embodiment, filtered and pressurized air is provided to mask assembly 140 through airway 144 and expired air is returned to generator unit 143 through another airway (not shown) on the other. side of the head and is expelled through a filter for expired air. If the pressure in the mask increases, some of the expired air can be expelled through the vents 146.

Figure 14 illustrates a further embodiment of a respirator in accordance with the present invention, generally designated by reference numeral 200. Respirator 200 is a variation of the embodiment of Figures 3 through 5.

The breathing apparatus 200 comprises a generator unit 162 and airways 160 and 161 (not shown) which are the same as in the embodiment of Figures 3 to 5. No further description of these components will be given.

Respirator 200 comprises a mask arrangement 201 comprising a low-profile nose portion 202. The low-profile nose portion 202 is arranged to encompass the nostrils of a wearer, without covering the top of the wearer's nose. Username. This allows the wearer to wear relatively large goggles, such as goggles 204, but have the goggles 204 interfere with the low profile facepiece.

The mask arrangement 201 with the low profile nose portion 202 can be used with variations that do not include the generator unit mounted on the back of the neck. For example, the generator unit can be mounted elsewhere and attached to the mask arrangement 201 through different types of airways, such as those described above.

Figures 15 and 16 illustrate a further embodiment of the present invention. The respirator 210 of this embodiment comprises a neck-mounted generator unit 162 with airways 160 and 161. These airways and generator unit 162 have the same components as the embodiments of Figures 3 to 5, and no further description will be given.

The mask arrangement 211 of this respirator 210, however, is a hybrid mask arrangement. It comprises a mouth covering portion 212 and nasal connectors 213, 214 which are arranged to fit into the nasal passages of the user.

In more detail, the mouth portion 212 comprises a cushion 215 that is arranged to surround the wearer's mouth, and the mask arrangement 211 forms a breathing chamber 216 over the wearer's mouth. Airways 217, 218 communicate with chamber 216 and also with airways 160, 161 in the neck portion of respirator 210.

Nostrils 123, 124 have passages 219, 220 that communicate with chamber 216. Nostrils 219, 220 are located in the nostrils and the user can therefore breathe filtered and pressurized air through the nostrils 213, 214, as well as through the mouth and mask chamber 216.

In use, the nasal shield portion 221 of the mask arrangement 211 extends over the nasal connectors 213, 214 to protect them and also extends over the bottom of the wearer's nose.

This hybrid mask arrangement 211 results in a low-profile mask with a low-profile shield portion 221 that also allows goggles and other heavy goggles to be worn with the respirator 210. The mouth cushion 215 may be formed of relatively soft and flexible material, such as silicone, for comfort.

As in other embodiments, the mask arrangement 211 is not limited to use with a generator 162 mounted on a neck component, and the generator unit can be mounted elsewhere and different airways can be used with a mask layout similar or equal to 211.

A variation of the embodiment of Figure 15 and Figure 16 comprises a mask arrangement that does not include the protection of nasal connectors 221. In this embodiment, the nasal connectors simply extend from the top of the mask portion 212 to the bottom. user's nose and are not protected.

Figures 17 and 18 illustrate a further embodiment of a respirator in accordance with the present invention, designated generally by the reference numeral 230. This embodiment includes a generator unit 232 mounted on the neck. An airway 232 from the generator unit 231 is attached to an airway frame 233. Note that an equivalent airway 232 is provided on the other side of the wearer which cannot be seen in this drawing. Airway frame 233 is a relatively rigid component that passes around the wearer's face and connects to airways 232, so that air passes through to mask assembly 235 from generator unit 231.

In this embodiment, the mask 235 only covers the wearer's nostrils and allows the wearer's mouth to be free so that, for example, they can communicate.

Figure 18 shows a sectional view of the mask 235, showing a chamber 236 formed by the mask through which filtered, pressurized air reaches the wearer's nasal passages.

Frame 233 is attached to mask body 235, as shown. A sturdy pad 237 is formed on top of the mask 235 to cushion the bridge of the wearer's nose and face. A second pad portion 238 is formed to cushion the wearer's upper lip.

This embodiment is advantageous in that a wearer of the mask 235 can continue to talk, eat or drink while receiving filtered and pressurized air through the nasal passages.

This embodiment of the nasal mask 235 and air frame 233 arrangement can be used (adapted) with any of the generator units described above, or any other generator unit, whether located behind the neck or anywhere on the wearer.

The relatively rigid frame 233 acts in this embodiment to support the mask 235 against the wearer's face.

Figures 19 and 20 illustrate a further embodiment of a respirator in accordance with the present invention, generally designated by the reference numeral 240.

The breathing apparatus 240 comprises a generator unit 162 and flexible air lines 160 which are the same as in the arrangement of Figures 15 to 16. No further description of these components will be given.

The mask arrangement 241 of this embodiment comprises a mask 242 that is arranged to cover only the nasal openings of the wearer. In use, the user's mouth is not covered. The mask arrangement also comprises airways 243, 244 that couple to airways 160 and define ducts that can transport air to and from a mask chamber 245 defined by mask 242. Mask 242 comprises cushions 246 that fit to the face (nose pad) and 247 (upper lip pad) for adjustment to the user's face. These pads can be made of relatively soft material, such as soft silicone.

Mask arrangement 241 also comprises a visor 250 that is connected to mask 242. In this embodiment, a visor nose piece 251 is connected to an extending slot in mask 242. Nose piece 252 may be detachable. of the visor removal slot 250. In another embodiment, the nose piece 251 may be permanently secured to the mask 241 or may be integrated therein. Visor 250 in this embodiment comprises protective lenses 254, 255. A strap 256 is attached to visor 250 and extends around the back of the head to secure visor 250.

An optional communication component 260 is provided in this embodiment. Communication component 260 engages a slot 261 in the bottom of mask 241 and extends downwardly from the mask such that a microphone or the like 263 is located proximate the wearer's mouth. An appropriate wireless connection, eg Bluetooth™, may be provided to connect communications.

Advantageously, the user can communicate because his mouth is free, including communication through a communication connection provided in the mask through element 260.

The mask 241 also includes an extended portion 265 that extends down from the mask to partially cover the mouth.

Figure 21 illustrates a still further embodiment of a respirator, generally designated by the reference numeral 270. A respirator 270 comprises a generator unit 271 mounted on a neck component that is connected by airways 272. , which are integrated into a mask arrangement 273. Another airway 272 extends to the other side of the wearer, but is not shown in this drawing.

The mask arrangement 273 in this embodiment comprises a relatively thin layer of silicone 274 disposed on and supported by a polycarbonate shell 275. The shell comprises a support frame 276 that extends into the airway 272 of the equipment. breathing (see Figure 21A showing the support frame 276 separated from the mask arrangement). It also comprises a central support member 277 which forms a curved plate which supports the thin layer of silicone 274. This is clearly shown in Figures 21B and 21c. In Figure 21B, the silicone layer 274 has been trimmed in the area of the support member 277 except for the edges 277a which are sealed to the support member 277. Because the support member 277 is quite rigid, it supports the user when speak through the mask at this point. In Figure 21C, the silicone layer has not been cut away on support member 277, but will still be stiff enough to support speech. The support member supports a silicone skin 274 which may be relatively thin and flexible. The polycarbonate shell can be manufactured by three-dimensional printing. The airways 272 can also be made in this way and the airways 272 can be integrated into the frame 275, forming "arms" that extend rearwardly from the mask and connect to the generator unit. Silicone 274 may also comprise a silicone pad 278 over the user's mouth and nose for added comfort.

The silicone layer 274 may be relatively thin compared to the previous embodiment mask and may include one or more relatively stiff layers to allow transmission of sound when a wearer speaks. Thin silicone also has the advantage of lighter weight.

Referring to Figures 22-24, a composite mask kit 280 is illustrated including a mask 281 and a decorative cover 282 for the mask. Breathing apparatus 280 includes a neck component 283 that is similar in form and function to the generator unit of Figures 3 through 5. Clip-like attachment means 284 and 285 engage airway component 286, 287 to airways for generator unit 283. Airway components 286, 287 include connectors 288, 289 that interface with corresponding inlets (not shown) on generator unit airways 283. Ports 290 are formed at the ends of the airways 286, 287, located distally from the generator unit 283. These ports interact with holes 292, 293 in an inner silicone mask 281.

Note that, in an alternative embodiment, the mask may be made of a material other than silicone or rubber, and may be made of a porous filter material.

The inner mask 281 also includes vent holes 294, 295 that are arranged to receive exhaust valves 298, 299.

Outer shell 282 comprises ports 296, 297 which correspond to ejection ports 294, 295 when outer shell 282 is in position on the mask. Exhaust valves 298, 299 fit into ports 296, 297. They also help secure outer shell 282 to facepiece 281. In an alternate embodiment, components 298 and 299 may not be exhaust valves, but simply connectors that seal the ejection ports 295, 294.

The cover 282 also comprises slots 300 in the cover which may be for decorative purposes, but may also allow air to escape if the mask 281 is made of porous material.

The inner mask 281 is shaped to cover the wearer's mouth and nasal passages. Airways 286, 287 carry pressurized, filtered air into the mask (airway 286) and from the mask (airway 287) back to generator unit 283 where expired air can be expelled through a exhaust filter. If the pressure in the mask increases, additional exhaust air can be expelled through the exhaust valves 298, 299 and/or the mask material.

The outer cover 282 can improve the aesthetic appearance of the breathing apparatus. The cover may include patterns, colors, and the like for aesthetic appeal. A plurality of such covers may be available so that they can be changed by the wearer to vary the aesthetics of the respirator 280. The cover may also provide a function of shielding the wearer's face from the environment. In particular, these covers can be very popular in places where it is usual and important to protect the skin from the effects of UV radiation, for example.

In the above embodiment, the inner mask covers the nose and mouth. Various embodiments may cover only one of the nose or mouth. In addition, covers such as cover 282 can be used with other embodiments of mask equipment that have been described herein. The shape of the covers can be varied to work with each embodiment.

The generator unit for the embodiment of Figures 22 to 24 is not limited to a neck component as illustrated in the drawings, but can be provided as other types of generator units located anywhere on the body.

Figures 25 and 26 illustrate an alternative embodiment of a connector mechanism 310 for connecting an airway of a generator unit to an airway of a mask arrangement, for any of the embodiments described herein.

The connection arrangement 310 comprises a male connector component 311 that is mounted in the airway 312 of the mask arrangement. The male component 311 has a pair of fingers 313, 314 which extend into the airway 315 of the generator unit in use. Fingers 313, 314 are arranged to be inserted into a corresponding female member 316 mounted in airway 315 of the generator unit. Fingers 313, 314 include heads 317, 318 that project distally and are arranged to fit into slots 319, 320 in female member 316. Fingers 313, 314 are strong so that they lock into slots 319, 320 in female member. female. The connection arrangement can be released by pressing the projecting part 317, 318 into the slots 319, 320 and pulling the male member 311 away from the female member 315.

In the above embodiments, there are some breathing apparatuses that include a generator unit comprising a casing arranged to be mounted on the wearer's neck. The casing may contain an airflow generator, filter, and other components. In some environments, particularly hot ones, wearing such a neck-mounted unit can cause some discomfort. In one embodiment, a cooling device is provided to improve the comfort of such a neck-mounted unit. Figures 36 and 37 illustrate an embodiment of the cooling device.

The cooling device, generally designated by reference numeral 350, comprises a cooling insert 351. The cooling insert 351 comprises a material that is arranged to maintain cold. In use, the 351 insert is placed in a refrigerator for a while until sufficiently cool. Cooling device 350 also comprises a cover 352 that is arranged to receive cooling insert 351 within cover 352 through opening 353. Cover 352 has a Velcro attachment on the back (not shown) that is attached to the cover. arranged to fit a corresponding velcro pad on the neck unit of a respirator according to an embodiment of the present invention, see figure 37.

In use, the cooling device 350 keeps the wearer's neck cool, improving comfort.

Respirators of embodiments of the present invention include flexible airways for transporting pressurized, filtered air into the mask and transporting air from the mask (in some embodiments). Since the airways are flexible (see Figures 3 and 5, for example, where the airways are flexible bellows) there is some potential for them to kink and close in operation. To avoid this, the present applicants have developed an insert, see Figures 36 and 37. The plastic insert 360 comprises a base 361 and a pair of fingers 362, 363 extending perpendicularly from the base. In use, the base of the insert sits within an airway 370 and keeps the airway open even if it is bent. This is because the insert 360, due to the fingers 362, 363, cannot lie flat and will hold the airways in an open condition.

Referring to Figures 27 and 28, an additional filter adapter 500 is illustrated which is arranged to be mounted on a generator unit 501 to receive additional filter units, such as a filter unit 502.

Generator unit 501 may be the same or similar to generator units used in other embodiments of this invention, such as generator unit 162 of Figures 15-22. It may contain the same components. It will be used with an airway and mask arrangement in accordance with any embodiment mentioned above or below.

In some circumstances, the use of additional filter capacity may be required which may require adding larger and more bulky filters to the equipment. For example, for extremely harsh environments with the possible presence of irritating or poisonous gases, gas filters may be required. Filter unit 502 can hold the appropriate filter and can be added to generator unit 501 using filter adapter 500.

The filter unit is inserted into the adapter 500, in the direction of the arrows 503.

The additional filter unit 502 can be used in addition to the filters already mounted on the generator unit 501, or instead of them.

Improved filter functionality allows equipment according to embodiments of the present invention to be used in very harsh environments, such as hazardous gas environments and even in military applications.

Figures 47 to 52 show more detailed views of the generator unit 501 with a slightly modified filter adapter 500a and an additional filter unit 502a.

Figures 47 and 48 show the 501 generator unit configured for use with standard filters and how the filter units are replaced.

The generator unit 501 comprises a casing 510 within which the components of the generator unit (filters, impellers for forced air, control electronics, and other components) are mounted. The housing has a touch control panel 511 that includes touch buttons 512 and screens 513 that allow the user to enter control parameters (eg, airflow and/or pressure control, temperature, etc.). Control panel 511 may have any convenient configuration.

A door 515 is mounted on the rear of housing 510 and can be opened (shown open in Figure 48) to allow access to housing 510, in particular for removing and replacing filter cartridges 516. Filter cartridges Filters 516 may contain a plurality of cascaded filters, such as HEPA filters, particulate filters, and any other filters, as mentioned above. In the configuration shown in Figure 59, the filter cartridge 516 comprises an inhalation filter 517 (which may contain a plurality of filters in cascade, or may be a single type of filter) and also an expiration filter 518.

The surface area of the filter cartridge 516 is similar on the outside 516a and inside 516b, at least as far as the filter area presented at 516a and 516b. Arrangement of similar or equal filter inlet and outlet areas results in more efficient use of filter material.

The inhalation filter 517 is located at the inlet of the generator unit 501 (the operation is the same as the inhalation filter 185 shown in Fig. 14a and described above). The expiratory filter 518 is positioned to receive the outflow of air and filter the expired air (as is the filter 187 of FIG. 14a, described above). In some embodiments, expiratory filter 518 may also include a plurality of filters in cascade.

Filters 517 and 518 are mounted in a bracket 519 and cartridge 516 is arranged to be inserted into a receptacle 520 in housing 510 of the generator unit. Door 515 is then closed, as shown in Figure 47.

In some embodiments there may be no expiration filter 518 in filter cartridge 516. In some embodiments, the airflow does not return to generator unit 501 for exhaust (see below) and may be exhausted through a valve in anywhere or through a porous mass (for example, a filter mask).

Door 515 is hingedly attached to housing 510 by a hinge 521. Hinge 521 comprises a hinge pin 522 mounted within a pair of cylindrical passages 523, 524 in housing 510 and also passing through a passage 525 at one end of the door 515. On the other side of the door 615 from the hinge 521 is a release pin 526 that can be activated to an unlocked position (shown in Figure 48) so that you can open door 515. Latch 526 and door 515 are shown in the closed position in Figure 47.

Release pin 526 is movable within a passage 517 formed by a pair of tabs 528, 529 on housing 510, tabs 528, 529 defining cylindrical holes 531, 532 for receiving pin 526. Door 515, at its end corresponding to the position of the pin 526, it has a tab 530 which defines a cylindrical passage 531 which is located between tabs 529 and 528 when the door is closed and is arranged to receive the pin 526 therein to hold the door 515 closed.

To retain pin 526, the pin is secured to a spring 535 which is arranged to move within a slot 536 in housing 510 parallel to the movement of shear pin 526. Spring 535 is bent at 538 and interferes with the slot within of which moves to retain the pin closed when the pin is in the position shown in Figure 47, by interference fit.

Door 515 can be completely removed from housing 510 to mount the filter adapter (500 in Figure 28 and 500a in Figures 49 and 50). The pin 522 of the hinge 521 is removed by unscrewing with an Allen key (not displayed). The lock pin 526 opens on the other side of the door 515 and the door can be completely removed.

Referring to Figures 49 and 50, these show the filter adapter 500a secured to the generator unit casing 510. Filter adapter 500a comprises a frame 520a having sides 521a defining a front opening 522a which, in use, is arranged to fit over opening 520 of generator unit casing 510 and a rear opening 523a which is arranged to fit. receive the additional filter unit 502a.

Filter adapter 500a extends the dimensions of the generator unit so that it can receive an additional large filter unit, such as 502a. The additional filter unit may communicate with opening 520 in generator unit casing 510 and thus with airways 181 and 182 (FIG. 14a).

Filter adapter 500a in Figures 49 and 50 is secured to generator unit 501 via hinge 521 and locking pin arrangement 526. A further adapter 500a comprises a receiving element 530a arranged to receive the locking pin. lock 526 and a hinge arrangement 523a arranged to receive hinge pin 522. Filter adapter 500a also comprises a closure arrangement comprising a closure 550 at the bottom of housing 520a and a hinge closure 551 at the top. top of casing 520a.

Filter unit 502a comprises a housing 555a in which filter 556a is mounted. The filter housing 555a is provided with projections 580 on the top and bottom of the housing 555a (the lower projections are not seen in the drawings, but they are the same as the upper projections). These projections fit into slots 557 in the upper 551 and lower 550 closures of the filter adapter 500a. This is shown in Figure 49. Upper closure 551 is hingedly attached to filter adapter housing 528 by hinges 558. Lower closure 550 is non-hinged.

In use, filter unit 502a is pressed into opening 523a until lower projections 556a engage slots 557 in lower closure 550. Upper closure 551 hinges open and then closes around the hinge so that the Slots 557 receive upper projections 556a, as shown in Fig. 49, to secure additional filter unit 502a to generator unit 501. Gaskets 560 are provided on filter adapter 500a to seal the filter adapter against contamination. additional 502a filter unit. Alternatively, gaskets are provided on filter housing 555a.

Filter unit 502a may include a powerful filter, such as a gas filter. You can include any other type of filter.

Filter unit 502a may include an inhalation filter and an expiration filter, so that expired air can also be filtered (see FIG. 4).

In another embodiment, the exhaled airway path 182 may be sealed and exhaled air may be expelled through the sides of the mask or through a separate exhalation valve (for example, a valve on the front of the mask or through a separate exhalation valve). somewhere else). In this embodiment, 502a may simply be an inhalation filter.

Figure 51 shows a perspective view of a mask arrangement in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention with the additional filter adapter 500a attached. A latch arm 590 is shown mounted to the arrangement by a hinge 591. The latch arm acts in use (as shown in Fig. 51) to secure the top latch 551 in position.

Figure 52 shows a bottom view of the equipment of Figure 51. A charging point 595 is arranged to receive the connector of a charger 596 for recharging the battery of the array.

Referring to Figures 56 and 57, a bypass arrangement that may be used in embodiments of the present invention is illustrated, generally designated by the reference numeral 800.

In some cases, the airflow generator may not be operational. This may be due to a fault or the user choosing to use the respirator in a non-powered mode, or for any other reason.

When the airflow generator is not operating, the air path through the airflow generator may cause resistance to the airflow, which could make it difficult for the user to breathe.

The bypass arrangement provides a bypass path through which air can flow when the airflow generator is not operational, thereby preventing air from flowing through the airflow generator.

The bypass arrangement comprises a manifold 801 having a first path 802 allowing air flow through the air flow generator.

It also has a second path 803 which includes a bypass valve 804. When the airflow generator is operational, valve 804 is closed.

When the airflow generator is not operating, the pressure differential is such that the user can breathe through valve 804 and bypass path 803.

In all of the above embodiments that include a circular airway (such as the embodiment of Figures 3 to 5), the expiration pathway may be sealed and air may exit the equipment through an additional expiration valve.

The ability to add an additional filter (in addition to or instead of filters already contained within generator unit 501) provides additional functionality to equipment in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

Figures 27 and 28 show an alternative embodiment of the filter adapter 500. This embodiment can be integrated into the housing 510 of the generator unit 510 or can simply be inserted into a receiving opening in the housing 501 without the need for a locking pin. and hinge arrangement.

The additional filter unit 502 is arranged to be inserted into a rear opening 523 of the filter adapter 500.

Filter unit housing 555 has a slightly different configuration than filter unit housing 555a of the embodiment of FIGS. corresponding receiving slots 562 and 563 in the filter adapter 500, as shown in figure 27.

A further embodiment will now be described in connection with Figures 38 to 46. This embodiment is a modification of the embodiment of Figures 3 to 5. Modifications include the addition of a head support arrangement 630, a modified expiration valve 601 and a modified airflow path compared to the embodiment of Figures 3 to 5. The airflow path is not "circular" through an inhalation member 160 and an expiration member 161. Instead, the expiratory airway 161a is closed and the air outlet is through the expiratory valve 601.

A further modification comprises a supplemental power supply mounted via a 600 supplemental power supply package.

In connection with Figures 38 to 46, the same reference numerals have been used for equivalent components as those already described in connection with Figures 3 to 5, and no further description of these components will be given.

Referring to Figure 40, the airflow path in this embodiment is indicated generally by arrows A, B, C, and D. Airflow "in" through the generator unit (where impeller and filters are mounted) 162, passes through the mask through member 160 (arrows B and C) and "out" through expiration valve 601 (arrow D). Member 161a is blocked by a gap (not shown) within airway 161a.

The expiratory filter 601 currently mounted on the mask 150a is shown in detail in Figures 47 and 48. The expiratory valve 601 comprises a valve base 620 which provides a valve seat 640. A valve actuator 621 comprises a disc 641 and a boss arm 651. Boss arm 651 is located within a sleeve 652 within valve base 620 and is retained by a spring 653 such that disc 641 is biased to locate against valve seat 640 and closes the valves. valve pathways 653 communicating with the air chamber within the mask 150a.

A filter mount 622 comprises annular disks 655, 656 supporting a perforated surface 657 to form an annular groove 658 for receiving filter 623. Disk 656 has an opening 659 facing airways 653 and receives valve actuator 621. with disk 641.

The expiration filter 623 may be a HEPA filter or any other type of filter arranged to prevent particles from being exhaled into the atmosphere (eg, droplet-coupled virus particles, bacteria, etc.)

A filter cover 624 with perforated outer edge 660 to allow air to escape covers the valve arrangement.

In use, when a wearer exhales into the mask, the air pressure increases enough to move valve disk 621 against the force of spring 653 to open communication in airway 653 so that air is expelled through the mask. through filter 623 and perforations 660 in the cover.

When the pressure drops, spring 653 closes the valve.

This type of valve can be used for any of the embodiments described in the present invention. It allows filtering the exhaled air so that contaminants are not exhaled.

Referring to Fig. 38, in order to make it possible to use the PAPR for long periods of time, a supplemental power supply is provided. A supplemental power supply arrangement 600 comprises a compartment 670 (FIGS. 40, 41 and 42) with an opening 671 and walls 672 forming a compartment arranged to receive a power pack unit 672. The power pack unit comprises ( figure 38) a rechargeable battery pack 673, a battery charger 674, a micro control unit 675 for controlling battery charging, and a user interface 676. Connector 677 is arranged to connect the power pack unit 672 to generator unit 162.

A flap of material 678 extends from compartment 670 and, in use, is arranged to fit between neck pad 164 and generator unit 162 to retain compartment 670 in position. Flap 678 may include fastening means, such as Velcro, and complementary fastening means may be provided on neck pad 164a or a surface of generator unit 162. Alternative means of connection to Velcro could be buttons, buckles, or any other means of connection. other means of connection. The compartment fabric can be any flexible material, neoprene or leather, for example. The compartment may have an opening or transparency to allow the battery indicator to be seen. An alternative to the presence of an opening at the top for the battery compartment could be an opening at the side where the battery could simply be inserted.

The embodiments of Figures 38-46 also include a support in the form of a headband 630 to provide additional support for equipment in use.

The headband 630 is in the form of a cloth headband with a fabric portion 680 that is arranged to be placed, in use, on top of the wearer's head. A pair of straps 681 and 682 extend from tissue portion 680 and hold connectors 631 and 632. Connectors 631 and 632 are arranged to receive latches 684 provided on the sides of connecting arrangement 165, so that, in use , bracket 630 supports the equipment (see Figure 40).

Figure 43 is an exploded view of the generator unit 162 of this embodiment, showing components in slightly more detail than in Figures 3 to 5. The generator unit casing comprises a lower base portion 611 and a lower base portion 611. top 613 where components are mounted when the base and top are closed. It also comprises a cover 610 that fits over the filter unit 185 and has perforations 700 to allow air to enter.

Part 187a of filter unit 185 does not have an expiratory filter as in this embodiment the exhalation takes place through an expiratory valve 601. In other embodiments, an expiratory filter may be provided with airway 161. open.

The casing 611, 613 has integrated power supply 189, control unit 188 and driver unit 186 mounted inside.

The control unit 188 comprises a printed circuit board 690 on which the components are mounted. A printed circuit board cover 616 may be provided to dissipate heat. Cover 616 may also include a humidifier arrangement, as described in Applicant's earlier application.

Impeller 186 is mounted on support 165 and air is drawn into airway 160 through path 691 of impeller support 615.

The upper part 612 of the generator unit casing comprises a control panel 613 and a control panel cover 614.

Neck pad 164a is modified from the version of Figures 3-5 and may include a cooling arrangement, as described in connection with Figures 34 and 35.

A plastic insert 360 is provided (as described in connection with Figures 36 and 37) to keep the airway 160 open.

Cover 700 can be removed in use and an additional filter adapter can be used, as described in connection with Figures 27 and 28 and Figures 47 to 52.

A further embodiment of a respirator according to the present invention will now be described in connection with Figures 29 to 33.

In "neck-mounted" generator unit embodiments, such as those described in connection with FIGS. 2-5 and 40-48, for example, the generator unit 162 is mounted closely against the back of the neck. In some circumstances, this can make it difficult for the wearer to freely move their head and could cause discomfort if worn for a long time.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 29 has the same components as the embodiments in Figs. 3 to 5 or 39 to 46, and no further description of these components will be given. The breathing apparatus 900 of Fig. 29 is, however, elongated compared to the other embodiments, so that the generator unit 162a is spaced from the back of the neck.

See, in particular, Fig. 31. A neck pad 901 is arranged to fit against the back of the neck in use, a support bracket being mounted in the airway 902 and 903 (support bracket, reference number 905). ).

Attachment bracket 905 supports neck pad 901 using buttons 906 that fit into holes 907 in bracket 905. Note that bracket 905 will be in both airways 902 and 903. This means attachment of neck pad 901 illustrated in figure 32.

An alternative method of attachment consists of an integrated air clip 910 which is attached to the airways 902, 903 and the neck pad 901 has a strap 911 which passes through a buckle 912 on the air clip.

In this embodiment, the generator unit 162a is separate from the back of the neck. A pivot point 915 is provided which allows the user to tilt their head. The generator unit 162a can move freely without impeding movement of the neck.

A further embodiment of a position-adjusted generator unit is illustrated in Figures 53 to 55. The generator unit shown, reference numeral 162b, is arranged, in use, to be supported by the user's shoulders (see Figures 55a and 55b). Generator unit 162b can support a gas filter cartridge 920.

A central part of the generator unit 162b has a contour 921 that follows the contour of the neck and shoulder. The shoulders can support a greater weight more comfortably than the neck. It allows the breathing apparatus to be worn comfortably for long periods of time and offers the possibility of being able to tilt the head comfortably.

As mentioned above, the breathing apparatus embodiments of the present invention may implement breath response control such that air pressure may vary with respiratory rate. The power of the motor (ventilator motor) can also vary during the respiratory cycle. In every respiratory cycle there is a breathing interval, a pause in which one does not breathe, and an expiration interval.

Respiration response embodiments of the present invention may take into account the respiratory rate, as well as vary the motor control during a respiratory cycle.

Referring to Figures 58 to 61, embodiments of the present invention implement a responsive flow control algorithm consisting of control functions for expiratory positive air pressure (EPAP) and inspiratory positive air pressure (EPAP). PAP). In the EPAP control function (see figure 59) a breath response program is implemented, the program detects the start of inhalation at the end of the EPAP state and calculates the back pressure based on the product of the respiratory effort and the setting The user receive ID to be used for the IPAP state that follows the EPAP state. The EPAP and IPAP cycles are repeated breath by breath.

Fig. 58 and Fig. 59 are flowcharts showing the control algorithms. Figure 60 shows graphs comparing mask pressure to motor power. Figures 61A and 61B show the mask pressure curves during the respiratory cycle.

The breath response control program is based on the product of respiratory effort and the user's receive setting (the user can manually set the desired air pressure). The larger the product, the larger the response. Respiratory effort is calculated by measuring the pressure drop over a defined period after the mask pressure falls below the pressure set point for EPAP. The receive setting is user selectable, with a higher setting leading to greater sensitivity of blower power to respiratory effort. Figures 58 and 59 illustrate steps for breath response control.

• For a given receive setting, the greater the pressure drop at the start of inhalation, the greater the respiratory effort.

• For a given receiving setting, if the respiratory effort is great enough, the blower will tend to reach its maximum capacity.

• With a higher receive setting, the same respiratory effort can lead to a higher flow response, to save respiratory effort.

• With a higher receive setting, the pressure drop at the beginning of inhalation is relatively less, so the minimum mask pressure is higher and more suitable for more demanding work or for people with larger lung capacity, while which can be irritating to lower lung capacities.

• With a higher receive setting, the average IPAP pressure is higher, resulting in higher battery consumption.

• For light jobs, or people with smaller lung capacity, a lower receive setting may be more comfortable, the blower may be quieter, and the battery will last longer.

For embodiments of the present invention, the mask pressure range is 0.1 cm H ² O to 3.5 cm H ² O. The target EPAP pressure can be 0.5 cm to 1 cm H 2 O. H ² O. Target inhalation pressure is variable based on respiratory effort and user comfort settings, greater than 1 cm H ² O and up to 3.5 cm H ² O.

As mentioned above, control of the breathing apparatus may include software control. Software control may include:

• Predictive software to predict when the filter is blocked. As the filter resistance gets higher, the blower may have to work harder.

• Checking the flow capacity of the blower. The use of an integrated flow meter provides the user with a way to check the flow capacity of the respirator before each use.

• Height compensation for filter blockage detection up to plus or minus 3000 meters.

• Automatic zero shift calibration of the pressure sensor.

• Manual calibration of pressure sensor zero offset.

• Low battery audible alarm.

• Breath response settings.

• Internal battery charger and indication.

• Filter blockage detection both during breathing and without the mask on.

• Air temperature control (heating and cooling).

• Air humidity control.

• User access to usage information via Bluetooth, such as hours of use, breathing rate, filter usage, title volume, etc.

Claims (8)

1. Breathing equipment (1) comprising: a filter (185) arranged to filter air entering the breathing apparatus (1); an air flow generator (186) arranged to receive and pressurize the filtered air; Y a mask (150) for providing filtered air to a wearer's respiratory tract; the filter (185) and airflow generator (186) are housed in a generator unit (162) disposed substantially around the back of the wearer's neck and remote from the mask (150); characterized by : a bypass valve (804) is provided and arranged to allow filtered air to pass through in one direction only; Y a manifold (801) is provided in connection with an air path (160) for conveying filtered air from the manifold to the mask, the manifold (801) having a first path (802) for receiving air from the airflow generator (186) and a second path (803), located parallel to the first path (802), to receive air from the bypass valve (804) when the air flow generator is not operational, with the bypass valve ( 804) located inside the second airway, and such that filtered air is provided to the mask (150) either through the airflow generator (186) or through the bypass valve (804) when the airflow generator is not operational. 2. The breathing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bypass valve (804) is housed in the manifold (801). 3. Breathing apparatus according to claim 2, in which the manifold (801) is housed in the housing that houses the generator unit (162). The respirator of claim 1, further comprising a mask strap (113) connected to the mask (150) and arranged to pass over the wearer's head. 5. Respirator according to claim 4, comprising a headband (112) that is integrated into the mask strap (113), which is connected to the generator unit (162) arranged around the back of the wearer's head, and helps support the breathing apparatus. 6. Respirator according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising an exhalation valve (601) arranged to allow the expulsion of air from the mask (150). Breathing apparatus according to claim 6, in which the expiration valve (601) further comprises a filter (623) arranged to filter the expelled air. 8. Respirator according to any preceding claim, further comprising a control unit (188) for controlling the airflow generator (186) to vary the pressurization of the filtered air according to the user's breathing.