WO2013077772A1

WO2013077772A1 - Gasification reactor

Info

Publication number: WO2013077772A1
Application number: PCT/RU2012/000949
Authority: WO
Inventors: Лариса Яковлевна СИЛАНТЬЕВА
Original assignee: Silantyeva Larisa Jakovlevna
Priority date: 2011-11-21
Filing date: 2012-11-16
Publication date: 2013-05-30
Also published as: RU2482164C1; EP2784145A1

Abstract

The gasification reactor relates to the field of power engineering, more specifically to methods and devices for producing energy carriers in the form of hot water, steam and hot synthesis gas, producing electrical energy, heat and cold, and synthesizing liquid hydrocarbons. The technical result is that of increasing the calorific value of the synthesis gas produced without increasing the size of the apparatus, which is achieved by additionally equipping the reactor with: a lower agitating system having an upper vaned agitator situated in a heated truncated cone that is hermetically secured inside a housing; heat removing water rods, situated in a gas duct; an unsaturated hydrocarbon synthesis zone, situated below the housing of the heated truncated cone; and a methane synthesis zone, situated at the inlet to the gas duct of a water boiler; and also by virtue of positioning the nozzle of a burner inside the hermetic cavity between the walls of the heated cone and the housing thereof, as well as covering the gasification reactor on the outside with a heat-insulating material, and lining the inside surface of the primary gasification zone with heat-protective materials.

Description

Gasification reactor

The gasification reactor belongs to the field of power engineering, and in particular to methods and devices for the production of energy carriers in the form of hot water, steam and fuel synthesis gas for the production of electricity, heat, cold, and the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons.

The well-known "Gas Generator" according to the patent RU N ° 2303050 dated 06/29/2006, published July 20, 2007, IPC C10J3 / 20, F23B99 / 00, which contains a combustion chamber with a drying and pyrogenetic decomposition zone, with resin combustion zones, regeneration and purification of the generator gas , the gas ducts of the water boiler, the steam generation chamber, the heating and air supply chamber, while the gas generator is additionally equipped with a smoke exhaust separator, a gas cooler-stabilizer and a generator gas heating chamber, which are connected in series between the generator gas extraction zone and the chambers of combustion, the steam generation chamber is connected to the outlet of the purification zone of the generator gas, to the inlet of the regeneration zone and through the chamber of heating the atmospheric air with the combustion chamber.

But this device does not provide gas with a calorific value above 1560 kcal.

The closest technical solution is the gasification reactor according to the patent RU N ° 2360949 "Method for producing synthesis gas and gasification reactor for its implementation" from 08/04/2008, published: 07/10/2009, IPC C10J3 / 32, C10J3 / 40, C10J3 / 68.

A gasification reactor containing a boiler, with two inner and outer shells concentrically arranged in one another, made in the form of ring heat-exchange jackets, with a gas duct between them, with a paddle agitator of the raw materials and a truncated cone, zones of primary gasification and gas regeneration, burner, grate lances for supplying steam to the regeneration zone, with a lid and a reversible drive mounted on it and a suction pipe connected to it with a pipe equalizer, with a paddle agitator attached to it and with Formation at the free end of the pipe tuyeres to supply water vapor from the accumulation area couple in the primary feedstock gasification zone. But this device provides a two-stage production of gas with a calorific value of no higher than 1560 kcal, since the burning of excessively produced synthesis gas in the combustion zone of primary gasification contributes to a decrease in calorific value of the gas, since a large amount of nitrogen is already present in the synthesis gas, and its combustion in this zone causes an increase in the amount of nitrogen, first in the primary gasification zone, and then in the resulting synthesis gas. In addition, the combustion of the synthesis gas in the primary zone maintains the combustion temperature of 1500 ° C, in order to raise the synthesis temperature to the maximum possible temperature in the regeneration zone, at the same time, this temperature contributes to the onset of NOx formation in the synthesized gas, and when using the obtained gas in piston power plants or in burners of heating systems where the combustion temperature exceeds 1500 ° C, additional NOx is produced, which leads to environmental pollution.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the calorific value of the generated synthesis gas, without increasing the dimensions of the installation.

The problem is solved by a gasification reactor containing a water boiler with a top cover, with two inner and outer shells concentrically arranged in one another, made in the form of annular heat-exchange shirts, with a gas duct between them, with an upper blade agitator of raw materials and a heated truncated cone, zones primary gasification and gas regeneration, a burner, while the reactor is additionally equipped with: a bottom tedding and ash removal system, with an upper blade tedder located in a heated truncated cone sealed in the housing hermetically; heat-removing water rods located in the flue; a zone of synthesis of unsaturated hydrocarbons located under the truncated cone body, and a zone of methane synthesis located at the entrance to the gas boiler water boiler; the burner nozzle is located in a sealed cavity between the walls of the cone and its body; The reactor is additionally equipped with an air intake pipe with a gas meter and an electrically operated valve.

The gasification reactor is supplied with an additional lower agitator system with an upper blade agitator located in a heated truncated cone fixed in the housing; the location of the burner nozzle in the cavity between the walls of the cone and its housing contributes to an additional uniform heating of the reagent in the cone, which increases the chemical coefficient of output of combustible gases .

The location in the gas duct of heat-removable water rods makes it possible to rationally use the space of the water boiler and increase the heat removal area without increasing the dimensions of the gasification reactor itself. Providing the gasification reactor with an additional zone for the synthesis of unsaturated hydrocarbons located under the heated truncated cone body and a methane synthesis zone located at the inlet to the gas duct of the water boiler allows the resulting combustible gas in the regeneration zone, which mainly consists of CO, CO2 and H2, synthesize unsaturated hydrocarbons and methane, thereby increasing the calorific value of synthesis gas by 1.5 + 2.5 times.

The gasification reactor is shown in the drawing, where the fuel supply shutter 1, reactor top cover 2, upper level sensors 3, lower level sensors 4, top tedding system 5, gear motor 6, tuyeres 7, fuel chamber 8, primary gasification zone 9, zone 10 regeneration, heated truncated cone 11, burner 12 with nozzle, lower tedding and ash removal system 13, upper blade agitator 14, grate 15, synthesis zone 16 of unsaturated hydrocarbons, methane synthesis zone 17, ash residue 18 blades, gear motor 19 zo receiver 20, ash removal device 21, steam boiler 22, water boiler 23, water rods 24 heat-removing, steam supply chamber 25, air heating and mixing chamber 26 with steam, steam supply tuyeres 27, air intake pipe 28, gas meter 29, valve 30 with electric drive, hot water level sensors 31, cone body 32, corundum insulation material 33, synthesis gas 34 to the consumer, gas duct 35, hot water 36 to the consumer, hollow tube 37 of the tedding system.

The gasification reactor is as follows.

The reactor comprises a water boiler 23, with two inner and outer shells concentrically arranged in one another, made in the form of annular heat-exchange shirts, with a gas duct 35 between them, with an upper blade agitator of raw materials 5 and a heated truncated cone 1 1, the primary gasification zone 9 and gas recovery zone 10, burner 12.

The gasification reactor is equipped with a top cover 2, with a fuel supply shutter 1 located on it, and a motor with a reducer 6, a top tedding system 5, located under the cover 2 in the fuel chamber 8.

Attached to the lid are two duplicate sensors 3 of the upper fuel level of different lengths, two duplicate sensors 4 of the lower fuel level, also of different lengths.

In the gasification reactor under the fuel chamber 8 there are combustion zones, primary gasification 9, regeneration zone 10 located in the cone And heated by the flue gases coming from the burner nozzle 12. The lances 7 are located along the perimeter of the zone 9 of the primary gasification, and on the hollow pipe 37 of the top tedding system 5.

The reactor is equipped with a bottom tedding and ash removal system 13, comprising an upper blade agitator 14 located in a heated truncated cone 11, installed hermetically in its housing 32, under which there are a grate 15 with a gear motor 19 and ash residue blades 18, an ash collector 20, ash removal device 21.

Zone 16 for the synthesis of unsaturated hydrocarbons passes at the beginning of the gas duct 35 to the zone for the synthesis of methane 17, and then to the consumer in the form of synthesis gas 34.

In the sealed cavity formed between the walls of the heated cone 11 and its body 32, the nozzle of the burner 12 for heating the cone And the burning gas-air mixture is brought.

The water boiler 23, with two inner and outer casings concentrically arranged in one another, made in the form of ring heat-exchange jackets, with a gas duct 35 between them, is equipped with: an air intake pipe 28, with a gas meter 29 located on it and an automatically controlled valve 30 with an electric actuator ; a chamber 25 for supplying steam, a chamber 26 for heating the air and mixing it with steam, for effecting steam-air blasting through lances 7 to the primary gasification zone 9; lances of steam supply 27 to the zone 16 of the synthesis of unsaturated hydrocarbons and to the zone of synthesis of methane 31.

The water boiler 23 is equipped with additional heat-removing water rods 24 located in the gas duct 35, and hot water level sensors 31.

For the implementation of thermal insulation of external surfaces, the gasification reactor is coated with a Korund 33 thermal insulation material, one anti-corrosion thermal insulation layer, and a second classic thermal insulation layer, where each

1 mm layer replaces 50 mm of traditional heat-insulating material. The inner surface of the primary gasification zone is lined with heat-shielding materials providing heat resistance up to 1800 ° C.

The gasification reactor operates as follows.

Fuel for gasification is supplied through the shutter 1 to the fuel chamber and fills the fuel chamber until the upper fuel level sensor 3 triggers.

The gear motor 6, rotating according to a predetermined algorithm, drives the top tedding system 5, which with its blades, from the shutter 1, the top cover

2 advances the fuel through the combustion chamber 8, with the burning rate of the fuel. When the fuel drops to the lower fuel level sensor 4, the sensor is triggered and fuel is added to the fuel chamber until the upper fuel level sensor 3 is activated. The fuel passes through the drying, preheating zone to the primary gasification zone 9, where tuyeres 7 supply a steam-air mixture.

In turn, the atmospheric air necessary for carrying out the gasification process is supplied through the intake pipe 28 and the hollow pipe 37 of the top tedding system. The amount of air is regulated by a gas meter 29, automatically controlling the valve 30 with an electric actuator.

Through the intake pipe 28, air enters the chamber 26 for heating the air and mixes with steam coming from the chamber 25 for supplying steam. In turn, the steam generated in the steam boiler 22 through the tuyeres of steam supply 27, is supplied to the camera 25 steam supply. Steam in the steam boiler 22 is generated when hot water is generated therein, generated in the water boiler 23 and regulated by the hot water level sensor 31.

Fuel, falling into the primary gasification zone 9, or otherwise the primary combustion zone, where the vapor-air mixture coming from the tuyeres 7 acts as an oxidizing agent, and where, under conditions of lack of oxygen, i.e., not complete oxidation of the fuel carbon, the auto-thermal reaction of oxidation, hydrogen, sulfur and carbon, with a process temperature not exceeding 1450 ° C, which allows to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides, the chemical reaction is as follows:

C + 02 = C02 + N2 + CI; H2 +0.5 02 = H20 + N2; S + 02 = S02 + N2.

In view of the fact that the reaction proceeds with a lack of oxygen, non-oxidized carbon falls out in the form of fuel carbon into the regeneration zone 10, into a heated cone 1 1.

The regeneration zone 10, located inside the heated cone 1 1, for additional heating of the precipitated carbon fuel, is heated by flue gases generated by the combustion of the gas-air mixture obtained from the excess generated synthesis gas and burned in the burner 12 located in the cavity located between the wall of the housing 32 and the wall of the heated cone 11.

The lower tedding and ash removal system 13, with a gear motor 19 and an upper blade agitator 14, mixes up the deposited fuel carbon located in the heated cone 11 in the regeneration zone 10, folding it to the heated walls of the cone 11 and, at the same time, contributes to the ash formed through grate 15, fall on the bottom of the steam boiler 22, where the blades 18 are discharged into the ash pan 20, and removed by the ash removal device 21.

The resulting non-combustible gases in the primary gasification zone 9 are forcibly sucked off and pulled through an unoxidized carbon layer of fuel in the regeneration zone 10, where it is restored to the state of combustible gases, CO, H2, and a tiny fraction of CH4. In the regeneration zone 10, the reaction proceeds with the absorption of heat, as a result of which the gas is rapidly cooled to a temperature of 350 - * - 500 ° C, instantly skipping the recovery temperature of toxins.

Further, the gases leaving the regeneration zone 10 fall into the zone 16 of unsaturated hydrocarbon synthesis, due to the technological parameters, the gas temperature in this section, the gas velocity, additional steam blasting, and the pressure where the gas loses its speed dramatically, up to the speed of particles less than 50 - ty micron, as it falls into the expansion zone. With a loss of speed, the temperature of the gas also drops, reaching the temperature of synthesis of unsaturated carbons. The hydrogen deficiency necessary for synthesis is supplied through the steam lances 27 from the steam boiler 22, in the form of steam.

Further, the gas passing through the methane formation zone 17, where its temperature reaches the methane synthesis temperature, and the water vapor formed in the unsaturated hydrocarbon synthesis zone 16, in turn, contribute to the supply of hydrogen for the reaction, while the gas is purified from mechanical impurities.

The heat released in the methane production reaction is taken away by a steam boiler 22, into which a part is heated to 90 ° C in a water boiler 23, water.

Synthetic combustible gas 34 (hereinafter referred to as synthesis gas), formed in the four-stage chemical reaction, consists of a mixture of gases such as CH4, SpNsh, with a small amount of CO and CO2 and N2, where nitrogen is not more than 41%, and the main component is methane, has a calorific value of from 2000 to 4000 kcal / nm ³ ,.

The resulting synthesis gas 34 is drawn to the outlet through the gas duct 35, transferring heat to the annular heat-exchange shirts of the water boiler 23 and heat-removing water rods 24, which can significantly increase the heat exchange area and, due to their placement in the gas duct 35, reduce the size of the gasification reactor. In the duct 35, the gas is cooled to the temperature of the onset of condensation of the resins and then fed to the purification from tar water condensate.

The hot water obtained from the annular heat-exchange shirts of the water boiler 23 and the heat-removing water rods 24 is distributed as follows part is fed to a steam boiler, where it is heated to 114.7 ° C, and the main part goes to the needs of the consumer.

The technical effect is to increase the calorific value of the generated synthesis gas, without increasing the dimensions of the installation, by supplying the reactor with an additional: bottom tedding system, with an upper blade tedder located in a truncated cone, mounted tightly in the housing; heat-removing water rods located in the flue; a zone of synthesis of unsaturated hydrocarbons located under the housing of the heated truncated cone, and a zone of synthesis of methane located at the inlet to the gas duct of the water boiler, and the location of the nozzle of the burner in a sealed cavity between the heated walls of the cone and its body.

Claims

Formula

1. Gasification reactor containing a water boiler with a top cover, with two inner and outer shells concentrically arranged in one another, made in the form of annular heat-exchange jackets, with a gas duct between them, with an upper blade agitator of raw materials and a heated truncated cone, primary gasification zones and gas regeneration, a burner, characterized in that the reactor is additionally equipped with: a bottom tedding system, with an upper blade tedder located in a heated truncated cone, mounted in a housing hermetically; heat-removing water rods located in the flue; a zone of synthesis of unsaturated hydrocarbons located under the housing of the heated truncated cone, and a zone of synthesis of methane located at the entrance to the water boiler of the gas duct; the burner nozzle is located in a sealed cavity between the walls of the heated cone and its body; the gasification reactor is externally coated with heat-insulating material, the inner surface of the primary gasification zone is lined with thermoprotective materials.

2. The gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an air intake pipe with a gas meter and a controlled valve

electric drive.