WO2013071682A1 - 电动公交车换电机器人系统及方法 - Google Patents

电动公交车换电机器人系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013071682A1
WO2013071682A1 PCT/CN2012/000518 CN2012000518W WO2013071682A1 WO 2013071682 A1 WO2013071682 A1 WO 2013071682A1 CN 2012000518 W CN2012000518 W CN 2012000518W WO 2013071682 A1 WO2013071682 A1 WO 2013071682A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
robot
wireless communication
communication module
sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/000518
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苗培青
厉秉强
王同斌
谭林
赵金龙
Original Assignee
山东电力研究院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2011204589591U external-priority patent/CN202389352U/zh
Application filed by 山东电力研究院 filed Critical 山东电力研究院
Priority to US13/877,076 priority Critical patent/US8660692B2/en
Publication of WO2013071682A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013071682A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16Programme controls
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60SSERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a battery changing system and a power changing method between an electric vehicle and a battery repeating table, in particular to an electric bus changing robot system and method.
  • the cruising range of an electric vehicle is generally between one hundred kilometers and two hundred kilometers, which is far less than the cruising range of a traditional automobile. Therefore, whether it can quickly provide energy supply to automobiles directly affects the promotion and application of electric vehicles. Normally, it takes several hours to charge the battery slowly. Fast charging will affect the battery life. Moreover, the single-box battery is cumbersome and is not suitable for manual replacement.
  • an electric bus In the case of an electric bus, on the one hand, it requires a large battery capacity, and on the other hand, due to the limitation of the capacity of the single-box battery, a multi-battery combination is often used to supply electric energy, and the number of batteries increases, which takes up space. Larger; increase the weight of the car, and even make the battery of the electric bus can reach the weight of ton. According to the current battery capacity status, a group of batteries must be replaced after a maximum of 4 hours of operation. Each time you need to replace six or eight pieces, if you use manual replacement, it will take at least one to two hours. This is not allowed for operators. .
  • the existing main control cabinet of the robot and the electric control cabinet are mostly integrated design, and the operator directly stands next to the electric control cabinet for operation, which poses a great threat to the personal safety of the operator.
  • the main console of the robot should be installed outside its range of motion, and it should have the characteristics of simple operation and easy operation by the operator.
  • the fixed control platform often has a large volume, a slow moving speed, and a degree of freedom.
  • the range is small, the process of changing the power requires high positioning accuracy, the relative displacement is small, and the position is accurate, and there is a problem of difficulty in control during the power-changing operation.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide an electric bus changing robot system and method, which have the advantages of satisfying the rapid replacement of the electric bus power battery, rationally utilizing the land resources, and reducing the space occupied by the power battery changing system. Seal the battery storage area to improve the life of the power battery. It can also realize the advantages of automatic positioning and posture adjustment of the battery state, thereby realizing functions such as battery grabbing and installation.
  • An electric bus changing robot system comprising a robot body and a robot main control console, wherein the robot body comprises a mechanical part and an electric control part, wherein the mechanical part comprises three orthogonal coordinate directions of X, ⁇ and ⁇ a horizontal moving unit, a load platform unit and a load bearing unit, wherein the load bearing unit is disposed at an upper portion of the horizontal moving unit, the load platform unit is coupled to the load bearing unit, and the load platform unit includes a load provided thereon And a battery driving mechanism provided thereon, wherein the battery driving mechanism is provided with a battery pushing mechanism;
  • the electrical control part comprises: a data acquisition device connected to the main control computer system, a power drive mechanism, an I/O module, a wireless communication module I; a horizontal movement unit and a load-bearing unit in the power drive mechanism and the mechanical part; Connected to a transmission in the platform unit; The robot main console establishes wireless communication with the robot body wireless communication module I through the wireless communication module II provided therein.
  • the load-bearing unit comprises a door structure composed of an upper beam, a lower beam and two columns, the upper beam is provided with two sets of lateral guiding wheels, and the two sets of lateral guiding wheels are clamped between the charging shelves.
  • a sky track on the upper rail a slide line slot for powering the device and a horizontal address sheet for horizontal direction station addressing; and at least one set of motor driven on the two columns a winch, the winch is wound with a wire rope, and a lower end of the wire rope is connected to the load platform unit; and the at least one vertical column is provided with a vertically oriented longitudinal address sheet.
  • the horizontal moving unit comprises a roller having a rim on both sides and a follower roller, a ground rail connected to the lower beam of the load bearing unit, the end of the rail is provided with a limit collision block, and the roller and the follower
  • the roller is connected to a motor reducer which is connected to the lower cross member of the load-bearing unit.
  • the load platform unit includes a battery driving mechanism disposed on the stage; the battery driving mechanism includes a horizontal rotating mechanism fixed on the stage in order from the bottom to the top of the stage. a tilting angle adjusting mechanism, a battery pushing mechanism, a battery supporting mechanism, and a supporting beam; the supporting beam is connected to the battery tray provided.
  • the battery pushing mechanism comprises a guiding track, a battery pushing mechanism driving motor and an electromagnetic pushing hand; the battery pushing mechanism driving motor and the electromagnetic pushing hand are respectively connected with the gear rack mechanism provided by the respective, and the pusher working surface of the electromagnetic pushing hand is provided with two a circular electromagnetic chuck, distributed at two ends of the working surface, corresponding to two circular iron blocks on the inner box of the battery; the pusher working surface of the electromagnetic pusher is further provided with a locking device on the inner box of the battery An unlocking mechanism; the guiding track is disposed on an upper surface of the battery pushing mechanism;
  • the guiding track is matched with the position of the inner box of the battery, and the inner box of the battery is a box for placing the batteries in groups; the inner box of the battery is located on the charging stand or the vehicle, so that the battery is smoothly taken;
  • At least one ultrasonic distance measuring sensor and at least one pressure sensor are respectively disposed at two ends of the supporting beam, and the pressure sensor is located inside the ultrasonic distance measuring sensor;
  • the horizontal rotation mechanism includes a link slider mechanism mounted on the stage, rotating the bottom plate I and the bottom plate II; and the battery driving mechanism rotates horizontally around the center of the rotating bottom plate I;
  • the tilting angle adjusting mechanism comprises a gear curved rack device mounted on one end of the stage, and a tilting driving motor coupled thereto, wherein the tilting angle adjusting mechanism is provided with a tilting rotating shaft, and the tilting rotating shaft is mounted on the rotating shaft On the bottom plate I, the battery driving mechanism is tilted about the tilting rotary shaft.
  • the main control computer system is an industrial computer I and a PLC controller, and the PLC controller and the industrial computer I are connected by an industrial Ethernet communication, and the model of the PLC controller is a Siemens PLC 300 type;
  • the data acquisition device includes an ultrasonic sensor I, a photoelectric sensor, a color sensor, and a DMP position sensor; the ultrasonic sensor I, a color sensor, and a DMP position sensor are mounted on an electromagnetic pusher; the photoelectric sensor is mounted on an upper beam and a column Upper, used to position the X-axis and Z-axis directions of the robot.
  • the power drive mechanism comprises a servo drive of six motors, the servo drive of the six motors and the horizontal movement unit, the servo motor in the load platform unit and the load-bearing unit, and the horizontal rotation mechanism, the tilt angle adjustment mechanism, the lock
  • the servo motor is connected in the tight device, and an encoder is arranged on the shaft of each servo motor, and the signal output end of the encoder is connected with the PLC controller.
  • the I/O module includes an emergency stop switch I and a limit switch respectively connected to the PLC controller, and the limit switches are respectively disposed at a working position of the horizontal moving unit, the load platform unit and the load bearing unit, and Corresponding servo motor contact connection.
  • the robot main control station comprises a cabinet body, and the industrial control machine II is arranged at the bottom of the cabinet body, and a resistive touch screen is arranged on the upper half of the cabinet body, and a wireless communication module ⁇ is mounted on the back of the cabinet body, and the touch screen on the cabinet body An operation status indicator and an emergency stop button are installed below, and the resistive touch screen and the wireless communication module II are connected to the industrial computer II, and the operation status indicator and the emergency stop button are connected to the industrial computer II through the level conversion circuit board. ;
  • a cabinet door is arranged on the back of the cabinet body, and a rainproof lock is arranged on the cabinet door;
  • the industrial computer is connected to the resistive touch screen through a VGA interface
  • the wireless communication module communicates with the industrial computer II through the network port;
  • the wireless communication module II and the wireless communication module 1 use a wireless network of the IEEE 802.11 standard of WiFi or a CDMA module or an EDGE module.
  • the robot system further includes a robot wireless remote control device, the robot wireless remote control device includes a housing, and the main switch is provided with a main switch, two two-dimensional rockers, a start button, a stop button, and a servo power-on button.
  • a main control board and a wireless communication module III for transmitting handshake data, header data, tail data and correction data;
  • the electric button and the wireless communication module III are connected to the main control board;
  • the main control board converts the direction information of the two-dimensional joystick into an electrical signal, and controls the movement of the power-changing robot through the wireless communication module, the sending and receiving commands;
  • There is a status indicator is connected to the main control board;
  • the housing is provided with an emergency stop button II I, and the emergency stop button ⁇ is connected with the main control board;
  • the standby button is provided on the body;
  • the upper computer is provided with a wireless communication module I, the wireless communication module I and the control background wireless communication module II and the wireless communication module in the remote control device III wireless communications.
  • the power conversion method includes the following steps -
  • the power-changing robot moves to the designated working point through the main control computer system or the robot main control station or the wireless remote control device according to the stored coordinate point information, according to the DMP position sensor and the ultrasonic wave.
  • the sensor I signal adjusts the posture of the battery tray, accurately extends the battery tray to the position that is flush with the battery compartment of the vehicle body, and sends the rotation angle position signal of the horizontal rotation mechanism and the inclined angle adjustment mechanism to the PLC controller for storage.
  • Unlock the motor drive unlocking mechanism to unlock judge and confirm whether the unlocking is completed according to the color sensor feedback signal. After the unlocking is successful, the battery is taken out from the battery compartment of the vehicle body by using the electromagnetic chuck of the electromagnetic pusher in the load platform unit;
  • the PLC controller controls the robot to the designated working point of the battery carrier according to the stored coordinate point and photoelectric sensor, puts the removed battery on the transfer table, and fills the other transfer table. Take the battery off;
  • the PLC controller controls the position of the robot to the battery compartment of the vehicle body, adjusts the posture of the battery tray according to the rotation angle of the stored horizontal rotation mechanism and the tilting angle adjustment mechanism, and installs the battery into the battery compartment, electromagnetic pusher
  • the unlocking motor drive unlocking mechanism performs battery lock, judges and confirms the lock completion according to the color mark sensor detection signal, the PLC controller controls the electromagnetic chuck to lose power, the electromagnetic chuck is separated from the battery, and the electromagnetic pusher is retracted along the stage, the single The battery of the box is replaced;
  • the invention utilizes a power-changing robot to exchange the power battery in the relay station and the electric bus workshop, so that it can complete the rapid replacement of the power battery.
  • the invention is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the electric bus to be charged, and is suitable for replacing the power battery on both sides of the electric bus at the same time.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are: the application of the power-changing robot reduces the space occupancy rate of the working area, and effectively improves the utilization rate of the land resources; the power-changing robot can perform posture adjustment according to the position of the power bus battery, automatically recognize and quickly The electric bus battery is replaced accurately and safely. The positioning process is high, the relative displacement is small, and the position is accurate. The power battery of different types of electric buses can be quickly replaced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a power-changing robot of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic rear view of the power-changing robot carrier platform unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of the tilting angle adjusting mechanism of the load platform unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic view showing a horizontal rotation mechanism of a load platform unit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic view of the horizontal rotation mechanism A-A of the load platform unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the power-changing robot control system. 101. upper beam, 102. sky track, 103. column, 104. lower beam, 105. ground rail, 106. limit block, 107. horizontal moving unit, 108. stage, 109. battery drive mechanism, 110. Electromagnetic pusher, 111. Longitudinal guide wheel, 112. Lateral guide wheel, 113. Unlocking mechanism, 114. Electromagnetic chuck, 201. Battery inner box, 202. Pressure sensor, 204. Guide rail, 205. Ultrasonic distance measuring sensor, 206. Tilt angle adjustment mechanism, 207. Battery push mechanism, 208. Battery push mechanism drive motor, 210. Horizontal rotation mechanism, 211. Support beam, 301 tilting shaft, 302.
  • Curved rack 303. Tilt drive motor, 401. Rotating bottom plate I, 402. Base plate II, 403. Horizontal rotating shaft, 404. Horizontal drive motor, 405. Lead screw, 406. Screw nut, 407. Connecting rod, 501. Main control computer system, 502. PLC control 503. Limit switch, 504. 6 degrees of freedom linear running unit drive motor, 505. 6 motor servo drive, 506. motor encoder, 507. emergency stop switch I, 508. ultrasonic sensor I, 509. Color sensor, 510. Photoelectric sensor, 511. DMP Position sensor, the wireless communication module 512. I, 513 wireless communication module ⁇ , 514 wireless communication module III.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are schematic diagrams showing the rear view structure of the power-changing robot and the load platform unit of the present invention.
  • the mechanical part of the system is provided with a horizontal moving unit 107, a load platform unit and a load-bearing unit, thereby establishing a system.
  • the three-coordinate main structure, the horizontal moving unit 107 includes a roller and a follower roller having a rim on both sides, a ground rail 105 connected to the lower beam 104 of the load-bearing unit, and a limit collision block 106 is disposed at an end of the ground rail 105.
  • the roller and the follower roller are connected to a motor reducer, and the motor reducer is connected to the lower beam 104 of the load bearing unit.
  • the load bearing unit is disposed at an upper portion of the horizontal moving unit 107, and the load platform unit is connected to the load bearing unit.
  • the load platform unit includes a loading platform 108 and a battery driving mechanism 109 disposed thereon, and the battery driving mechanism 109 Provided with a battery pushing mechanism 207;
  • the electrical control portion includes: a data acquisition device connected to the main control computer system 501, a power drive mechanism, an I/O module, a wireless communication module 1 512, a horizontal movement unit 107, a load bearing unit and a load in the power drive mechanism and the mechanical portion.
  • the transmission unit in the platform unit is connected;
  • the load-bearing unit comprises a gantry structure composed of an upper beam 101, a lower beam 104 and two columns 103, and the upper beam 101 is provided with two sets of lateral guiding wheels 112, the two groups of horizontal An air rail 102 mounted on the charging shelf is sandwiched between the guiding wheels 112;
  • the sky rail 102 is mounted with a sliding line slot for powering the device and a horizontal address sheet for horizontal station addressing;
  • One of the two columns 103 is provided with a set of motor-driven winches, and the winch is wound around the wire rope, and the lower end of the wire rope is connected to the load platform unit; a vertical longitudinal addressing is provided on one of the columns.
  • the sheet is used for longitudinal direction recognition.
  • a bracket is disposed at two ends of the stage 108, and the bracket is provided with a plurality of sets of longitudinal guiding wheels 111, and the plurality of sets of longitudinal guiding wheels 111 are respectively arranged along two columns of the
  • the load platform unit includes a battery driving mechanism 109 provided on the stage 108, with the stage 108 as a reference surface. Look up and down,
  • the battery driving mechanism includes a horizontal rotating mechanism 210 fixed on the stage, and a tilting angle adjusting mechanism 206, a battery pushing mechanism 207, and a supporting beam 211 are disposed on the battery pushing mechanism 207; Connect to the battery tray provided.
  • the battery pushing mechanism 207 includes a guiding rail 204, a battery pushing mechanism driving motor 208, and an electromagnetic pushing hand 110; the battery pushing mechanism driving motor 208 and the electromagnetic pushing hand 110 are respectively connected with the gear rack mechanism provided respectively, and the pushing hand of the electromagnetic pushing hand 110
  • Two circular electromagnetic chucks 114 are disposed on the working surface, and are distributed at two ends of the working surface, corresponding to two circular iron blocks on the inner box of the battery; the pushing working surface of the electromagnetic pushing hand 110 is also provided with a battery inner box
  • the upper locking device cooperates with the unlocking mechanism 113.
  • the inner battery case is a case in which batteries are placed in groups.
  • the guiding track 204 is disposed on the upper surface of the battery pushing mechanism 207;
  • the unlocking mechanism 113 is an unlocking motor driving fork-like structure, and is disposed at two ends of the working surface of the electromagnetic pusher 110, and is used to open the charging frame or the locking device on the battery inner box on the electric vehicle;
  • the upper surface of the battery pushing mechanism 207 is provided with a guiding rail 204 corresponding to the battery inner box 201, and the battery inner box 201 is located on the charging stand or the vehicle, so that the battery is smoothly taken;
  • An ultrasonic distance measuring sensor 205 and a pressure sensor 202 are disposed at both ends of the supporting beam 211, and pressure sensors 202 respectively disposed at both ends of the supporting beam 211 are located inside the ultrasonic distance measuring sensor 205.
  • the tilting angle adjusting mechanism 206 includes a gear curved rack device mounted on the left end of the stage 108, and the tilting driving motor 303 drives the gear to rotate.
  • the gear-shaped rack meshes with the transmission, and the curved rack 302 drives the bottom plate to rotate about the tilting shaft 301 to realize the tilting motion; the tilting rotating shaft is mounted on the rotating bottom plate 1401.
  • the horizontal rotation mechanism 210 includes a link slider mechanism mounted on the stage 108.
  • the horizontal drive motor 404 drives the lead screw 405 to rotate, and the lead screw 405 drives the lead screw nut 406 to move horizontally and linearly.
  • the lever nut 406 is connected to the connecting rod 407 by a hinge, and the connecting rod 407 is connected to the rotating bottom plate I 401 by a hinge.
  • the rotating bottom plate 1401 is stacked on the bottom plate II402 mounted on the stage 108 through the horizontal rotating shaft 403, when the connecting rod 407 is in the wire.
  • the link 407 drives the rotating bottom plate 1401 to perform a horizontal rotation operation about the horizontal rotating shaft 403;
  • the robot body system includes a main control computer system 501, a PLC controller 502, a limit switch 503, a 6-degree-of-freedom linear operation unit drive motor 504, a 6-motor servo drive 505, a motor encoder 506, and an emergency stop.
  • the main control computer system 501 includes a display, a mouse, a keyboard, a host computer and a software system.
  • the host adopts an X86 series industrial computer, a Windows XP operating system, and the main control software system is written in Visual C++ language, and the software implements multi-threaded transaction processing, and the operator can use
  • the mouse and keyboard operate on the host computer;
  • the Siemens PLC 300 logic controller is the core component of the entire control system. It communicates with the host computer system 501 via Industrial Ethernet, and integrates the signals of the ultrasonic sensor 1508, the color sensor 509, the photoelectric sensor 510, and the DMP position sensor 511. It is judged that the corresponding drive motor is controlled.
  • the data acquisition device includes an ultrasonic sensor 1508, a photosensor 510, a color sensor 509, and a DMP position sensor 511.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 1508, the color code sensor 509, and the DMP position sensor 511 are mounted on the electromagnetic pusher, and the photoelectric sensor 510 is mounted on the upper beam 101 and the column 103 for positioning the X-axis and Z-axis directions of the robot.
  • a limit switch 503 is used for the reference mechanical zero of each motion axis.
  • Each servo driver 505 can monitor the corresponding motor's operating current, motor stall or exceed the rated load to alert the controller.
  • the motion control system can judge the fault state autonomously and report the fault content to the host computer monitoring system.
  • Emergency stop switch I 507 is mainly for emergency stop in the emergency operation of the equipment, the priority is the first.
  • the power-changing robot dynamically adjusts the tilt drive 206 according to the stored coordinate point and the signals of the DMP position sensor 511 and the ultrasonic sensor 1508 to accurately extend the battery tray to the battery compartment of the vehicle body.
  • the position of the tilt angle adjustment mechanism and the rotation angle position signal of the horizontal rotation mechanism are sent to the PLC controller for storage, and the unlocking motor drive unlocking mechanism 113 performs the unlocking of the battery box, and judges according to the feedback signal of the color code sensor 509 and confirms that the unlocking is completed, and then
  • the electromagnetic pusher 110 with the electromagnetic chuck in the Y-axis direction is powered, and the electromagnetic chuck generates electromagnetic attraction, and the battery is taken out from the battery compartment of the vehicle body.
  • the PLC controller controls the robot to the relay station according to the stored coordinate point and the photoelectric sensor 510 signal in the X and Z axis directions, wherein the relay station is a battery charging shelf for the power station; and the removed battery that needs to be charged is placed On the transfer stand, take off the fully charged battery on the other transfer stand.
  • the PLC controller controls the position of the robot to move to the battery compartment of the vehicle body, adjusts the tilting drive 206 and the horizontal rotation mechanism 210 according to the stored rotation angle adjustment mechanism and the rotation angle value of the horizontal rotation mechanism, thereby adjusting the posture of the battery tray, and finally The battery is installed in the battery compartment, and the motor drive unlocking mechanism 113 is unlocked to perform battery lock.
  • the PLC controller controls the electromagnetic chuck 114 to lose power, and the electromagnetic chuck 114 Disengaged from the battery box, the Y-axis direction is retracted, the single-box battery is replaced, and the first-box replacement process is repeated until all the batteries are replaced, and the robot returns to the original position.
  • Both sides of the roller and the follower roller have a rim, the rim can hold the ground rail 105 to prevent the outflow, the roller moves on the ground rail 105, and the follower roller runs straight along the ground rail.
  • the electromagnetic pusher 110 is mounted on the battery pushing mechanism 207, and the battery pushing mechanism 207 drives the electromagnetic pushing hand 110 thereon. Power the battery out and retract. At the same time, when the battery driving mechanism 109 on the power-changing robot is retracted, the power-changing robot is allowed to perform horizontal walking and vertical movement of the stage 108, and the purpose thereof is to prevent collision due to misoperation.
  • the battery pushing mechanism 207 is disposed on the tilting angle adjusting mechanism 206, and includes a guiding rail 204, an electromagnetic chuck 114, an unlocking mechanism 113, and the battery is supported by the guiding rail 204, and is adsorbed by the electromagnetic chuck 114, and the battery pushing mechanism is utilized.
  • the 207 pushes the power battery into the designated position.
  • the pressure sensors 202 are distributed on both sides of the support beam 211, and the ultrasonic distance measuring sensors 205 are distributed on the inner side of the pressure sensor 202.
  • the battery push mechanism 207 is driven by the battery push mechanism drive motor 208.
  • the electromagnetic pusher 110 corresponds to the battery inner box 201.
  • a two-axis rotating mechanism is installed to realize posture adjustment when the battery is taken by the electric bus.
  • the electromagnetic pusher 110 is similar in structure to the electromagnetic pusher 110 on the stacker; two ultrasonic distance measuring sensors (measuring horizontal angles); two pressure sensors 202, and the photoelectric sensors 510 are attached to the battery outer box of the bus.
  • the reflector measures the angle of the tilt and enables the follow-up function to follow the change in the height of the vehicle during the process of picking up the battery in the vehicle.
  • the power-changing robot discharges the battery to the relay station, specifically, the power-changing robot performs horizontal and vertical movement alignment to align the charging position in the relay platform to extend the battery pushing mechanism 207, and at the same time, drives the battery inner box with the power battery to send
  • the unlocking mechanism 113 operates to lock the power battery to the transfer table.
  • the electromagnetic pusher 110 disengages the battery, and the battery push mechanism 207 is retracted after the stage 108 is lowered to a certain height. Complete the battery discharge process.
  • the power-changing robot takes the power battery to the relay station, including: the power-changing robot is aligned with the power battery on the relay platform, the battery pushing mechanism 207 is extended, and the electromagnetic suction cup 114 of the electromagnetic pushing hand 110 sucks the battery, and at the same time, the unlocking mechanism 113 operates.
  • the power battery lock is released, the power battery is pulled out, and at the same time, the battery pushing mechanism 207 is retracted, and the battery is taken out from the transfer station.
  • the I/O module includes an emergency stop switch I and a limit switch respectively connected to the PLC controller, and the limit switches are respectively disposed at a working position of the horizontal moving unit, the load platform unit and the load bearing unit, and Corresponding servo motor contact connection.
  • the robot main control console comprises a cabinet body, and the industrial control machine II is arranged at the bottom of the cabinet body, and a resistive touch screen is arranged on the upper half of the cabinet body, and a wireless communication module II is installed on the back of the cabinet body, and the lower side of the touch screen is installed on the cabinet body.
  • the operation status indicator and the emergency stop button are connected to the industrial control unit II, and the operation status indicator and the emergency stop button are connected to the industrial computer II through the level conversion circuit board;
  • the industrial computer is connected to the resistive touch screen through a VGA interface;
  • the wireless communication module communicates with the industrial computer II through the network port;
  • the wireless communication module ⁇ and the wireless communication module I adopt a wireless network of IEEE 802.11 standard of WiFi or a CDMA module or an EDGE module.
  • the robot system further includes a robot wireless remote control device, the robot wireless remote control device includes a housing, and the main switch is provided with a main switch, two two-dimensional rockers, a start button, a stop button, and a servo controller power-on button.
  • a main control board and a wireless communication module III are arranged in the housing; the main switch, two two-dimensional joysticks, a start button, a stop button, a servo controller power-on button, and a wireless communication module III are connected to the main control board;
  • the main control board converts the direction information of the two-dimensional joystick into an electrical signal, and controls the movement of the power-changing robot through the wireless communication module III transceiver command;
  • the housing is provided with a status indicator, the status indicator Connected to the main control board; the housing is provided with an emergency stop button III, the emergency stop button III is connected with the main control board; the housing is provided with a standby button;
  • the communication module I, the wireless communication module I and the control background wireless communication module II and the remote control device wireless communication module III wirelessly communicate.
  • the power changing method of the electric bus changing robot system includes the following steps:
  • the power-changing robot moves to the designated working point through the main control computer system 501 or the robot main control station or the wireless remote control device according to the stored coordinate point information, according to the DMP position sensor,
  • the ultrasonic sensor 1508 signal adjusts the posture of the battery tray, accurately extends the battery tray to a position flush with the battery compartment on the vehicle body, and simultaneously sends the rotation angle position signal of the horizontal rotation mechanism 210 and the inclined angle adjustment mechanism 206 to the PLC.
  • the controller stores, unlocks the motor drive unlocking mechanism to unlock, determines and confirms whether the unlocking is completed according to the feedback signal of the color code sensor 509, and after the unlocking is successful, the battery is taken out from the battery compartment of the vehicle body by using the electromagnetic chuck in the load platform unit;
  • the PLC controller controls the robot to the designated working point of the battery stage 108 according to the stored coordinate point and the horizontal moving unit 107, the photoelectric switch signal of the load platform unit, and puts the removed battery in the relay. On the stage, take off the battery filled on the other transfer stand;
  • the PLC controller controls the position of the robot to the battery compartment of the vehicle body, adjusts the posture of the battery tray according to the rotation angle of the stored horizontal rotation mechanism 210 and the inclined angle adjustment mechanism 206, and installs the battery into the battery compartment to unlock
  • the motor drive unlocking mechanism performs battery lock, judges according to the color code sensor 509 detection signal and confirms that the lock is completed, the PLC controller controls the electromagnetic chuck to lose power, the electromagnetic chuck is separated from the battery, and the electromagnetic pusher is retracted along the stage, the single box The battery is replaced;

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Abstract

一种电动公交车电池快换机器人系统及快换方法,它包括机器人本体,机器人本体包括机械部分和电气控制部分,所述机械部分包括在X、Y、Ζ三个直角坐标方向上设有的水平移动单元(107),载物平台单元和承重单元,所述载物平台单元上包括设有的载物台(108)以及其上设有的电池驱动机构(109),所述电池驱动机构(109)上设置有电池推送机构(207);所述的电气控制部分包括:与主控计算机系统连接的数据采集装置、动力驱动机构,I/O模块,该换电机器人系统及快换方法在换电过程中定位精度高、相对位移量小、位置准确,实现对不同种类电动公交车动力电池的快速更换。

Description

电动公交车换电机器人系统及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动车辆与电池中转台之间电池换电系统及换电方法, 尤其涉及一种电 动公交车换电机器人系统及方法。
背景技术
随着资源与环境双重压力的持续增大, 为缓解石油资源短缺局面, 降低汽车燃油对环境 的污染, 发展新能源汽车己成为未来汽车工业发展的方向。 目前, "低排放"汽车 (主要指混 合动力汽车)己进入大规模产业化阶段,在全球的累计销量己超过 100万辆, "零排放"汽车 (主 要指纯电动汽车)的批量生产时间已提前到 2015年,比原来预计的时间提前了 10年至 15年。
然而在实际应用中, 由于受到当前电池能量密度的限制, 电动汽车的续航里程一般在一 百公里至两百公里之间, 远不如传统汽车的续航里程。 因此, 能否快速为汽车提供能量补给, 直接影响到电动汽车的推广应用。 通常情况下, 对电池慢速充电需要几个小时才能完成, 快 速充电会对电池的寿命产生影响, 而且, 单箱电池比较笨重, 不利于人工更换。
就电动公交车而言, 一方面它需要较大的电池容量, 另一方面由于受单箱电池容量的限 制, 往往采用多电池箱组合来供给电能, 由于电池数量的增多, 带来了占用空间较大; 增加 车自重的问题, 甚至使电动公交车的电池能达到上吨的重量。 根据目前的电池容量现状, 一 组电池最多运行 4小时就要更换, 每次要更换六到八块, 如用人工更换, 至少要一到二小时, 这对运营商来讲, 是不容许的。
目前, 国内相关企业机构对电动公交车的电池更换系统有一定的研究, 中华人民共和国 国家知识产权局 2010年 9月 30日公开的公开号: 201881868U, 申请号: 201020561469. X提 出了一种电动商用车电池更换装置及换电系统。 首先, 该系统提出了一种电动公交车电池更 换方案, 本方案提出了一种利用换电机构旋转 180° 的方式, 解决电池插接件在载物台上与 车体方向的一致性问题, 但是, 这种系统存在需要的自由度多, 控制系统复杂, 作业空间大, 出现误差的环节较多的不足之处。
此外, 随着技术进步, 电动汽车在性能和经济性方面己经接近甚至优于传统燃油汽车, 并开始在世界范围内逐渐推广应用。 国内 2005 年北京电巴公司开始进行公交换电系统的研 发, 并实现了换电公交车大规模试点运行。 在电动汽车推广运行的同时, 电动汽车能源储备 及供给系统成为电动汽车产业发展的技术关键。
现有的电动汽车电池快换电机械手, 如专利 200820078476. 7 "—种用于车载电池更换系 统的定位装置"、 专利 200410090796. 0 "—种电动公交车系统 "等, 虽然披露了以车载动力 电池为动力电源的动力汽车及相关技术, 但是所描述的装置应用同样存在着一些问题, 如- 更换电池过程需要多次定位, 更换动力电池时间较长; 更换设备所占空间较大, 不利于场地 布置; 电池更换过程中, 电池必须做 180° 旋转, 增加电池更换系统工作空间等。
对电动公交车而言, 一方面它需要较大的电池容量, 另一方面由于受单箱电池容量的限 制, 往往采用多电池箱组合来供给电能, 由于电池数量的增多, 带来了占用空间较大, 甚至 使电动公交车的电池能达到上吨的重量。 因此, 换电机器人的体积和重量都很庞大, 如此庞 大的机器人运动要求大功率的驱动部件, 驱动电流也相当之大, 靠近非常危险。
现有的机器人的主控柜跟电气控制柜多采用一体化设计, 操作员直接站在电气控制柜的 旁边进行操作, 对操作人员的人身安全产生巨大威胁。
因此, 原则上, 机器人的主控台应安装在其运动范围之外, 同时应具备操作简单, 操作 人员通过简单的培训即可操作的特点。 同时,目前采用的快速换电机器人的控制平台与快速换电机器人之间存在一定距离,当要 求小幅度的定位移动时 往往单纯采用固定的控制平台会出现存在体积大、移动速度慢, 自由 度范围小, 换电过程要求定位精度高、 相对位移量偏小、 位置准确 , 在换电操作过程中存在 控制难的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了解决上述问题,提供一种电动公交车换电机器人系统及方法,它具 有满足电动公交动力电池快速更换, 合理利用土地资源, 降低动力电池换电系统占用的空间, 对动力电池存放区域进行密封, 提高动力电池的使用寿命。还可以实现对电池状态自动定位、 姿态调整, 进而实现电池抓取、 安装等功能的优点。
为了实现上述目的, 本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种电动公交车换电机器人系统, 它包括机器人本体和机器人主控台, 所述机器人本体 包括机械部分和电气控制部分, 所述机械部分包括在 X、 Υ、 Ζ三个直角坐标方向上设有的水 平移动单元, 载物平台单元和承重单元, 所述承重单元设置在水平移动单元上部, 所述载物 平台单元与所述承重单元连接, 所述载物平台单元上包括设有的载物台以及其上设有的电池 驱动机构, 所述电池驱动机构上设置有电池推送机构;
所述的电气控制部分包括: 与主控计算机系统连接的数据采集装置、 动力驱动机构, I/O 模块, 无线通信模块 I; 所述的动力驱动机构与机械部分中的水平移动单元、 承重单元和载 物平台单元中的传动装置连接; 所述机器人主控台通过其设有的无线通信模块 II与机器人本体无线通信模块 I建立无线 通讯。
所述承重单元包括由上横梁、 下横梁和两根立柱组成的门式结构, 所述上横梁上设有两 组横向导向轮, 所述两组横向导向轮之间夹持有安装在充电货架上的天轨; 所述天轨上安装 有用于设备取电的滑触线槽和用于水平方向工位寻址的水平认址片; 所述两根立柱上设有至 少一组电机驱动的绞盘, 所述绞盘上缠绕有钢丝绳, 钢丝绳的下端连接于载物平台单元上; 所述至少一根立柱上设有竖直方向寻址的纵向认址片。
所述的水平移动单元包括两侧均具有轮缘的滚轮和随动滚轮, 与承重单元的下横梁相连 接的地轨, 所述地轨端部设有限位撞块,所述滚轮和随动滚轮与电机减速机相连, 所述电机减 速机与承重单元的下横梁连接。
所述载物平台单元包括在载物台上设有的电池驱动机构; 以载物台为基准面从下往上顺 序依次看, 所述电池驱动机构包括固定在载物台上的水平旋转机构, 其上依次设有的倾斜夹 角调节机构, 电池推送机构, 所述电池推送机构上设有支撑横梁; 支撑横梁与设有的电池托 盘连接。
所述的电池推送机构包括导向轨道、 电池推送机构驱动电机以及电磁推手; 电池推送机 构驱动电机与电磁推手分别与各自设有的通过齿轮齿条机构连接, 电磁推手的推手工作面上 安有两块圆形电磁吸盘, 分布于工作面两端, 位置与电池内箱上两圆形铁块相对应; 所述电 磁推手的推手工作面还设有与电池内箱上的锁紧装置相配合的解锁机构; 所述导向轨道设置 在电池推送机构上表面;
所述导向轨道与电池内箱位置上相匹配, 所述电池内箱为将电池成组放置的箱体; 所述 电池内箱位于充电架或车辆上, 使电池平稳取送;
所述支撑横梁两端各设有至少一个超声波测距传感器、 和至少一个压力传感器, 所述压 力传感器位于超声波测距传感器内侧;
所述水平旋转机构包括安装在载物台上的连杆滑块机构, 旋转底板 I、 底板 II; 电池驱 动机构绕旋转底板 I中心进行水平旋转;
所述倾斜夹角调节机构包括安装在载物台一端的齿轮弧形齿条装置, 与之配合连接的倾 斜驱动电机, 所述倾斜夹角调节机构设有倾斜旋转轴, 倾斜旋转轴安装在旋转底板 I上, 电 池驱动机构绕倾斜旋转轴进行倾斜操作。
所述主控计算机系统为工控机 I以及 PLC控制器, 所述 PLC控制器与工控机 I通过工业 以太网通信连接, 所述 PLC控制器的型号为西门子 PLC 300型; 所述数据采集装置包括超声波传感器 I、 光电传感器、 色标传感器、 DMP位置传感器; 所 述超声波传感器 I、 色标传感器、 DMP位置传感器安装在电磁推手上; 所述光电传感器安装在 上横梁和立柱上, 用于对机器人 X轴和 Z轴方向的定位。
所述动力驱动机构包括 6个电机的伺服驱动器, 所述 6个电机的伺服驱动器分别与水平 移动单元, 载物平台单元和承重单元中的伺服电机以及水平旋转机构, 倾斜夹角调节机构, 锁紧装置中的伺服电机连接, 所述的每个伺服电机的轴上设有编码器, 编码器的信号输出端 与 PLC控制器连接。
所述 I/O模块包括分别与 PLC控制器连接的急停开关 I和限位开关, 所述限位开关分别 设置在水平移动单元, 载物平台单元和承重单元中工作零点定位处, 且与对应的伺服电机接 触连接。
所述机器人主控台包括柜体, 所述柜体内底部装有工控机 II, 柜体正面上半部设有电阻 式触摸屏, 柜体背面安装有无线通信模块 Π , 所述柜体上触摸屏的下方安装有运行状态指示 灯和急停按钮, 所述电阻式触摸屏和无线通信模块 II与工控机 II相连, 所述运行状态指示 灯和急停按钮通过电平转换电路板与工控机 II的相连;
所述柜体背面设有柜体门, 柜体门上设有防雨锁;
所述工控机通过 VGA接口与电阻式触摸屏相连接;
所述无线通信模块 Π通过网口与工控机 II通信;
所述无线通信模块 II以及无线通信模块 I釆用 WiFi的 IEEE 802. 11标准的无线网络或 CDMA模块或 EDGE模块。 所述机器人系统还包括机器人无线遥控装置, 所述机器人无线遥控装置包括壳体, 在所 述的壳体上设有总开关、 两个二维摇杆、 启动按钮、 停止按钮、 伺服上电按钮; 壳体内设有 主控板和用于发射握手数据、 头数据、 尾数据及校正数据的无线通信模块 III; 所述的总开 关、 两个二维摇杆、 启动按钮、 停止按钮、 伺服上电按钮、 无线通信模块 III与主控板连接; 所述主控板将二维摇杆的方向信息转换成电信号, 通过无线通信模块 ΠΙ收发指令控制换电 机器人的运动; 所述的壳体上设有状态指示灯, 所述的状态指示灯和主控板连接; 所述的壳 体上设有急停按钮 II I, 所述的急停按钮 ΙΠ和主控板连接; 所述的壳体上设有备用按钮; 所述上位机设有无线通讯模块 I,所述无线通讯模块 I与控制后台无线通讯模块 II以及遥控 装置中无线通讯模块 III无线通讯。
所述的换电方法包括以下步骤-
1 )初始化: 系统上电后, 通过主控计算机系统或机器人主控台或无线遥控装置下发复位 指令, 机器人的各个轴触发限位开关后寻零, 各个轴回到原点位置;
2 )卸电池: 车辆安全停靠指定换电区域后, 换电机器人根据存储的坐标点信息通过主控 计算机系统或机器人主控台或无线遥控装置移动到指定的作业点, 依据 DMP位置传感器、超 声波传感器 I信号调整电池托盘姿态, 准确的将电池托盘伸到与车体电池仓平齐对接的位置, 同时, 将水平旋转机构、 倾斜夹角调节机构的旋转角度位置信号送至 PLC控制器存储, 解锁 电机驱动解锁机构解锁, 根据色标传感器反馈信号判断并确认是否解锁完成, 解锁成功之后, 利用载物平台单元中电磁推手上的电磁吸盘将电池从车体的电池仓中取出;
3)取放电池: PLC控制器根据存储的坐标点和光电传感器控制机器人到电池载物台指定 的作业点, 将取下的乏电池放在中转台上, 并将另一中转台上充满的电池取下来;
4) 安装电池: PLC控制器控制机器人到车体电池仓的位置, 根据存储的水平旋转机构、 倾斜夹角调节机构的旋转角度调整电池托盘的姿态, 将电池安装到电池仓中, 电磁推手上的 解锁电机驱动解锁机构进行电池锁止, 依据色标传感器检测信号判断并确认锁止完成, PLC 控制器控制电磁吸盘失电, 电磁吸盘与电池脱离, 电磁推手沿载物台缩回固定, 单箱电池换 电完成;
5 ) 重复过程 2)、 3 )、 4), 直至更换所有乏电池, 机器人回到原点待机。
本发明利用换电机器人使动力电池在中转台和电动公交车间交换, 使其完成快速更换动 力电池工作。 本发明对称分布于待充电电动公交车两侧, 适用于电动公交车两侧动力电池同 时更换。
本发明的有益效果是: 换电机器人的应用, 降低了工作区域的空间占用率, 有效地提高 了土地资源的利用率; 换电机器人能够按动力公交车电池位置进行姿态调整, 自动识别以及 快速、 准确、 安全的对电动公交车电池进行更换, 换电过程定位精度高、 相对位移量小、 位 置准确 , 实现对不同种类电动公交车动力电池的快速更换。 附图说明
图 1为本发明换电机器人示意图;
图 2为本发明的换电机器人载物平台单元后视结构示意图;
图 3为本发明载物平台单元倾斜夹角调节机构前视示意图;
图 4A为本发明载物平台单元水平旋转机构示意图;
图 4B为本发明载物平台单元水平旋转机构 A-A示意图;
图 5.换电机器人控制系统示意图。 其中 101.上横梁, 102.天轨, 103.立柱, 104.下横梁, 105.地轨, 106.限位撞块, 107.水平 移动单元, 108.载物台, 109.电池驱动机构, 110.电磁推手, 111.纵向导向轮, 112.横向导向 轮, 113.解锁机构, 114.电磁吸盘, 201.电池内箱, 202.压力传感器, 204.导向轨道, 205.超 声波测距传感器, 206.倾斜夹角调节机构, 207.电池推送机构, 208.电池推送机构驱动电机, 210.水平旋转机构, 211.支撑横梁, 301 倾斜转轴, 302.弧形齿条, 303.倾斜驱动电机, 401. 旋转底板 I, 402.底板 II, 403.水平旋转轴, 404.水平驱动电机, 405.丝杠, 406.丝杠螺母, 407. 连杆, 501.主控计算机系统, 502. PLC控制器, 503.限位开关, 504. 6自由度的直线运行单 元驱动电机, 505. 6个电机的伺服驱动器, 506.电机编码器, 507.急停开关 I, 508.超声波 传感器 I, 509.色标传感器, 510.光电传感器, 511. DMP位置传感器, 512.无线通讯模块 I, 513 无线通讯模块 Π, 514无线通讯模块 III。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图 1、 图 2中表示本发明换电机器人以及载物平台单元后视结构示意图, 图中该系统中 的机械部分设有的水平移动单元 107, 载物平台单元和承重单元, 这样建立起系统三坐标主 体结构,水平移动单元 107包括两侧均具有轮缘的滚轮和随动滚轮,与承重单元的下横梁 104 相连接的地轨 105, 所述地轨 105端部设有限位撞块 106,所述滚轮和随动滚轮与电机减速机 相连, 所述电机减速机与承重单元的下横梁 104连接。 承重单元设置在水平移动单元 107上 部, 载物平台单元与所述承重单元连接, 载物平台单元上包括设有的载物台 108以及其上设 有的电池驱动机构 109, 电池驱动机构 109上设置有电池推送机构 207;
电气控制部分包括: 与主控计算机系统 501连接的数据采集装置、 动力驱动机构, I/O 模块, 无线通信模块 1 512, 动力驱动机构与机械部分中的水平移动单元 107、 承重单元和载 物平台单元中的传动装置连接; 承重单元包括由上横梁 101、 下横梁 104和两根立柱 103组成的门式结构, 所述上横梁 101上设有两组横向导向轮 112,所述两组横向导向轮 112之间夹有安装在充电货架上的天轨 102; 所述天轨 102 上安装有用于设备取电的滑触线槽和用于水平方向工位寻址的水平认址 片; 所述两根立柱 103中一侧立柱 103设有一组电机驱动的绞盘, 将绞盘上缠绕钢丝绳, 钢 丝绳的下端连接于载物平台单元上; 一根立柱上设有竖直方向寻址的纵向认址片用于纵向的 方向识别。 载物台 108两端设有支架, 所述支架上设有多组纵向导向轮 111, 多组纵向导向 轮 111分别沿承重单元两根立柱排布;
载物平台单元包括在载物台 108上设有的电池驱动机构 109, 以载物台 108为基准面从 下往上顺序看,
所述电池驱动机构包括固定在载物台上的水平旋转机构 210, 其上依次设有倾斜夹角调 节机构 206, 电池推送机构 207, 所述电池推送机构 207上设有支撑横梁 211 ; 支撑横梁与设 有的电池托盘连接 。
所述的电池推送机构 207包括导向轨道 204、 电池推送机构驱动电机 208以及电磁推手 110; 电池推送机构驱动电机 208与电磁推手 110分别与各自设有的齿轮齿条机构连接, 电磁 推手 110的推手工作面上安有两块圆形电磁吸盘 114, 分布于工作面两端, 位置与电池内箱 上两圆形铁块相对应; 所述电磁推手 110的推手工作面还设有与电池内箱上的锁紧装置相配 合的解锁机构 113。 所述电池内箱为将电池成组放置的箱体。 所述导向轨道 204设置在电池 推送机构 207上表面;
所述解锁机构 113为解锁电机驱动拨叉状结构, 设置分布于电磁推手 110工作面两端, 用与配合打开充电架或换电车上的电池内箱上的锁紧装置;
电池推送机构 207上平面上设有与电池内箱 201对应的导向轨道 204, 电池内箱 201位 于充电架或车辆上, 使电池平稳取送;
支撑横梁 211两端各设有一个超声波测距传感器 205和一个压力传感器 202, 分别设在 支撑横梁 211两端的压力传感器 202位于超声波测距传感器 205的内侧。
图 3中, 本发明载物平台单元倾斜夹角调节机构前视示意图, 倾斜夹角调节机构 206包 括安装在载物台 108上左端的齿轮弧形齿条装置, 倾斜驱动电机 303带动齿轮旋转, 齿轮弧 形齿条啮合传动, 弧形齿条 302带动底板绕倾斜转轴 301旋转实现倾斜运动; 倾斜旋转轴安 装在旋转底板 1401上。
图 4A,图 4B中, 水平旋转机构 210包括安装在载物台 108上的连杆滑块机构, 通过水平 驱动电机 404带动丝杠 405转动, 丝杠 405带动丝杠螺母 406水平直线运动, 丝杠螺母 406 通过铰接与连杆 407相连, 连杆 407通过铰接与旋转底板 I 401连接, 旋转底板 1401与安装 在载物台 108上底板 II402通过水平旋转轴 403叠放, 当连杆 407在丝杠螺母 406的带动下 移动时, 连杆 407带动旋转底板 1401绕水平旋转轴 403进行水平旋转操作;
图 5中, 机器人本体系统包括主控计算机系统 501、 PLC控制器 502、 限位开关 503、 6 自由度的直线运行单元驱动电机 504、 6个电机的伺服驱动器 505、 电机编码器 506、 急停开 关 I 507、 超声波传感器 1508、 色标传感器 509、 光电传感器 510、 DMP位置传感器 511。 其 中- 主控计算机系统 501包括显示器、 鼠标、 键盘、 主机和软件系统, 主机采用 X86系列工 控机, windows XP操作系统, 主控软件系统采用 Visual C++语言编写, 软件实现多线程事务 处理, 操作人员可以用鼠标和键盘对主控计算机进行操作;
西门子 PLC 300型逻辑控制器是整个控制系统的核心部件, 通过工业以太网与主控计算 机系统 501进行通信, 通过对超声波传感器 1508、 色标传感器 509、 光电传感器 510、 DMP位 置传感器 511信号的综合判断对相应驱动电机进行控制。
数据采集装置包括超声波传感器 1508、光电传感器 510、 色标传感器 509、 DMP位置传感 器 511。
超声波传感器 1508、 色标传感器 509、 DMP位置传感器 511安装在电磁推手上, 光电传 感器 510安装在上横梁 101和立柱 103上, 用于对机器人 X轴和 Z轴方向的定位。
限位开关 503用于每个运动轴的参考机械零点。 每个伺服驱动器 505可以监控相对应的 电机的运行电流、 电机堵转或超过额定负载时能够向控制器报警。 当系统出现故障时, 运动 控制系统能够对故障状态自主的进行判断处理, 并将故障内容上报上位机监控系统。 急停开 关 I 507主要是对设备运行中的紧急情况进行急停, 优先级为第一位。
车辆安全停靠指定的换电区域后, 换电机器人根据存储的坐标点和 DMP位置传感器 511、 超声波传感器 1508的信号动态调整倾斜驱动 206, 准确的将电池托盘伸到与车体的电池仓平 齐的位置,同时倾斜夹角调节机构和水平旋转机构的旋转角度位置信号送至 PLC控制器存储, 解锁电机驱动解锁机构 113进行电池箱解锁, 依据色标传感器 509反馈信号判断并确认解锁 完成, 之后, Y轴方向带有电磁吸盘的电磁推手 110上电, 电磁吸盘产生电磁吸力, 将电池 从车体的电池仓中取出。 PLC控制器根据存储的坐标点和 X、 Z轴方向上的光电传感器 510信 号, 控制机器人到中转台, 所述的中转台为换电站电池充电货架; 将取下的需要充电的乏电 池放在中转台上, 并将另一中转台上已充满的电池取下来。 PLC 控制器控制机器人运动到车 体电池仓的位置, 根据存储的倾斜夹角调节机构和水平旋转机构的旋转角度值, 调整倾斜驱 动 206和水平旋转机构 210, 进而调整电池托盘的姿态, 最终将电池安装到电池仓中, 解锁 电机驱动解锁机构 113进行电池锁止, 依据色标传感器 509判断并确认锁止是否完成, 锁止 成功, 紧接 PLC控制器控制电磁吸盘 114失电, 电磁吸盘 114与电池箱脱离, Y轴方向缩回, 单箱电池换电完成, 重复第一箱更换过程, 直至更换全部电池, 机器人回到原点待机。
所述滚轮和随动滚轮的两侧均具有轮缘,轮缘可抱住地轨 105防止脱出,滚轮在地轨 105 上运动, 随动滚轮沿地轨直线运行。
电磁推手 110安装在电池推送机构 207上, 电池推送机构 207带动其上的电磁推手 110 进行动力电池伸出 \缩回。 同时, 换电机器人上的电池驱动机构 109缩回时, 才允许换电机器 人进行水平行走和载物台 108的竖直运动, 其目的在于防止由于误操而产生的碰撞。
电池推送机构 207设置于倾斜夹角调节机构 206上,其包括导向轨道 204、电磁吸盘 114、 解锁机构 113、 将电池利用导向轨道 204托住, 同时, 利用电磁吸盘 114吸附, 并利用电池 推送机构 207将动力电池推送进入指定位置。
压力传感器 202分布设置在支撑横梁 211两侧, 同时, 超声波测距传感器 205分布设置 在压力传感器 202内侧,
换电机器人电池驱动机构上包括的支撑横梁 211、倾斜驱动电机 303、水平旋转机构 210、 电池推送机构 207中。 电池推送机构 207通过电池推送机构驱动电机 208来驱动。 电磁推手 110与电池内箱 201相对应。
载物台 108上, 安装两轴旋转机构, 实现对电动公交车取送电池时的姿态调整。 公交车 进站换电时行进方向偏差(水平夹角)调整; 车内电池与地面夹角 (倾斜夹角) 的自动适应。
所述的电磁推手 110与堆垛机上的电磁推手 110结构类似; 2个超声波测距传感器(测 量水平夹角); 2个压力传感器 202, 光电传感器 510配合贴在公交车内电池外箱上的反光板 测量倾斜夹角, 并能够实现车内取送电池过程中, 跟随车身高度变化实现随动功能。
换电机器人对中转台放电池, 具体地说, 换电机器人进行水平及竖直方向运动对准中转 台中充电货位将电池推送机构 207伸出, 同时, 带动装有动力电池的电池内箱送入中转台, 解锁机构 113动作, 将动力电池锁在中转台上。 电磁推手 110脱开电池, 载物台 108下降到 一定高度后电池推送机构 207收回。 完成放电池流程。 换电机器人对中转台取拿动力电池包 括: 换电机器人对准中转台上的动力电池, 电池推送机构 207伸出, 电磁推手 110上电磁吸 盘 114吸住电池, 与此同时解锁机构 113运作, 解除动力电池锁, 将动力电池拉出, 与此同 时电池推送机构 207收回, 完成从中转台取电池。
所述 I/O模块包括分别与 PLC控制器连接的急停开关 I和限位开关, 所述限位开关分别 设置在水平移动单元, 载物平台单元和承重单元中工作零点定位处, 且与对应的伺服电机接 触连接。
机器人主控台包括柜体, 所述柜体内底部装有工控机 II, 柜体正面上半部设有电阻式触 摸屏, 柜体背面安装有无线通信模块 II, 所述柜体上触摸屏的下方安装有运行状态指示灯和 急停按钮, 所述电阻式触摸屏和无线通信模块 II与工控机 II相连, 所述运行状态指示灯和 急停按钮通过电平转换电路板与工控机 II的相连;
柜体背面设有柜体门, 柜体门上设有防雨锁; 工控机通过 VGA接口与电阻式触摸屏相连接;
无线通信模块 Π通过网口与工控机 II通信;
无线通信模块 Π以及无线通信模块 I采用 WiFi的 IEEE 802. 11标准的无线网络或 CDMA 模块或 EDGE模块。 机器人系统还包括机器人无线遥控装置, 所述机器人无线遥控装置包括壳体, 在所述的 壳体上设有总开关、 两个二维摇杆、 启动按钮、 停止按钮、 伺服控制器上电按钮; 壳体内设 有主控板和无线通信模块 III; 所述的总开关、 两个二维摇杆、 启动按钮、 停止按钮、 伺服 控制器上电按钮、 无线通信模块 III与主控板连接; 所述主控板将二维摇杆的方向信息转换 成电信号, 通过无线通信模块 III收发指令控制换电机器人的运动; 所述的壳体上设有状态 指示灯, 所述的状态指示灯和主控板连接; 所述的壳体上设有急停按钮 III, 所述的急停按 钮 III和主控板连接; 所述的壳体上设有备用按钮; 所述上位机设有无线通讯模块 I,所述无 线通讯模块 I与控制后台无线通信模块 II以及遥控装置无线通信模块 III无线通讯。
电动公交车换电机器人系统的换电方法, 所述的换电方法包括以下步骤:
1 )初始化: 系统上电后, 通过主控计算机系统 501或机器人主控台或无线遥控装置下发 复位指令, 机器人的各个轴触发限位开关 503后寻零, 各个轴回到原点位置;
2 )卸电池: 车辆安全停靠指定换电区域后, 换电机器人根据存储的坐标点信息通过主控 计算机系统 501或机器人主控台或无线遥控装置移动到指定的作业点,依据 DMP位置传感器、 超声波传感器 1508信号调整电池托盘姿态, 准确的将电池托盘伸到与车体上电池仓平齐对接 的位置, 同时, 将水平旋转机构 210、 倾斜夹角调节机构 206的旋转角度位置信号送至 PLC 控制器存储, 解锁电机驱动解锁机构解锁, 根据色标传感器 509反馈信号判断并确认是否解 锁完成, 解锁成功之后, 利用载物平台单元中的电磁吸盘将电池从车体的电池仓中取出;
3 ) 取放电池: PLC控制器根据存储的坐标点和水平移动单元 107, 载物平台单元的光电 开关信号控制机器人到电池载物台 108指定的作业点, 将取下的乏电池放在中转台上, 并将 另一中转台上充满的电池取下来;
4)安装电池: PLC控制器控制机器人到车体电池仓的位置,根据存储的水平旋转机构 210、 倾斜夹角调节机构 206的旋转角度调整电池托盘的姿态, 将电池安装到电池仓中, 解锁电机 驱动解锁机构进行电池锁止, 依据色标传感器 509检测信号判断并确认锁止完成, PLC控制 器控制电磁吸盘失电, 电磁吸盘与电池脱离, 电磁推手沿载物台缩回固定, 单箱电池换电完 成;
5 ) 重复过程 2)、 3)、 4), 直至更换所有乏电池, 机器人回到原点待机。 > 上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述, 但并非对本发明保护范围的限 制, 所属领域技术人员应该明白, 在本发明的技术方案的基础上, 本领域技术人员不需要付 出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims

.WO 2013/071682 权利要求书 ■PCT/CN2012/000518
1、 一种电动公交车换电机器人系统, 它包括机器人本体和机器人主控台, 其特征是, 所 述机器人本体包括机械部分和电气控制部分, 所述机械部分包括在 X、 Υ、 Ζ三个直角坐标方 向上设有的水平移动单元, 载物平台单元和承重单元, 所述承重单元设置在水平移动单元上 部, 所述载物平台单元与所述承重单元连接, 所述载物平台单元上包括设有的载物台以及其 上设有的电池驱动机构, 所述电池驱动机构上设置有电池推送机构;
所述的电气控制部分包括: 与主控计算机系统连接的数据采集装置、动力驱动机构, I/O 模块, 无线通信模块 I; 所述的动力驱动机构与机械部分中的水平移动单元、 承重单元和载 物平台单元中的传动装置连接;
所述机器人主控台通过其设有的无线通信模块 II与机器人本体无线通信模块 I建立无线 通讯。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的电动公交车换电机器人系统, 其特征是, 所述承重单元包括由 上横梁、 下横梁和两根立柱组成的门式结构, 所述上横梁上设有两组横向导向轮, 所述两 组横向导向轮之间夹持有安装在充电货架上的天轨; 所述天轨上安装有用于设备取电的滑 触线槽和用于水平方向工位寻址的水平认址片; 所述两根立柱上设有至少一组电机驱动的 绞盘, 所述绞盘上缠绕有钢丝绳, 钢丝绳的下端连接于载物平台单元上; 所述至少一根立 柱上设有竖直方向寻址的纵向认址片。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的电动公交车换电机器人系统, 其特征是, 所述的水平移动单元 包括两侧均具有轮缘的滚轮和随动滚轮, 与承重单元的下横梁相连接的地轨, 所述地轨端 部设有限位撞块,所述滚轮和随动滚轮与电机减速机相连, 所述电机减速机与承重单元的下 横梁连接。
4、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的电动公交车换电机器人系统, 其特征是, 所述载物平台单 元包括在载物台上设有的电池驱动机构; 以载物台为基准面从下往上顺序依次看, 所述电 池驱动机构包括固定在载物台上的水平旋转机构, 其上依次设有倾斜夹角调节机构, 电池 推送机构, 所述电池推送机构上设有支撑横梁; 支撑横梁与设有的电池托盘连接。
所述的电池推送机构包括导向轨道、 电池推送机构驱动电机以及电磁推手; 电池推送 机构驱动电机与电磁推手分别与各自设有的齿轮齿条机构连接, 电磁推手的推手工作面上 安有两块圆形电磁吸盘, 分布于工作面两端, 位置与电池内箱上两圆形铁块相对应; 所述 电磁推手的推手工作面还设有与电池内箱上的锁紧装置相配合的解锁机构; 所述导向轨道 设置在倾斜夹角调节机构;
所述导向轨道与电池内箱位置上相匹配, 所述电池内箱用于将电池成组放置的箱体; 所述电池内箱位于充电架或车辆上, 使电池平稳取送;
- IX 权利要求书
WO 2013/071682 TCT/CN2012/000518 所述支撑横梁两端各设有至少一个超声波测距传感器、 和至少一个压力传感器, 所述 压力传感器位于超声波测距传感器内侧;
所述水平旋转机构包括安装在载物台上的连杆滑块机构, 旋转底板 I、 底板 Π ; 旋转 底板 I、通过垂直底板 II水平旋转轴与底板 II重叠安放, 电池驱动机构绕旋转底板 I中心 进行水平旋转;
所述倾斜夹角调节机构包括安装在载物台一端的齿轮弧形齿条装置, 与之配合连接的 倾斜驱动电机, 所述倾斜夹角调节机构设有倾斜旋转轴, 倾斜旋转轴安装在旋转底板 I上。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的电动公交车换电机器人系统, 其特征是, 所述主控计算机系统 为工控机 I以及 PLC控制器, 所述 PLC控制器与工控机 I通过工业以太网通信连接, 所述 PLC控制器的型号为西门子 PLC 300型;
所述数据采集装置包括超声波传感器 I、光电传感器、色标传感器、 DMP位置传感器 511 ; 所述超声波传感器 I、 色标传感器、 DMP位置传感器 511安装在电磁推手上; 所述光电传感 器安装在上横梁和立柱上, 用于对机器人 X轴和 Z轴方向的定位。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的电动公交车换电机器人系统, 其特征是, 所述动力驱动机构包 括 6个电机的伺服驱动器, 所述 6个电机的伺服驱动器分别与水平移动单元, 载物平台单 元和承重单元中的伺服电机以及水平旋转机构, 倾斜夹角调节机构, 锁紧装置中的伺服电 机连接, 所述的每个伺服电机的轴上设有编码器, 编码器的信号输出端与 PLC控制器连接。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的电动公交车换电机器人系统, 其特征是, 所述 I/O模块包括分 别与 PLC控制器连接的急停开关 I和限位开关, 所述限位开关分别设置在水平移动单元, 载物平台单元和承重单元中工作零点定位处, 且与对应的伺服电机接触连接。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的电动公交车换电机器人系统, 其特征是, 所述机器人主控台包括 柜体, 所述柜体内底部装有工控机 II, 柜体正面上半部设有电阻式触摸屏, 柜体背面安装有 无线通信模块 II, 所述柜体上触摸屏的下方安装有运行状态指示灯和急停按钮, 所述电阻式 触摸屏和无线通信模块 II与工控机 Π相连, 所述运行状态指示灯和急停按钮通过电平转换 电路板与工控机 II的相连;
所述柜体背面设有柜体门, 柜体门上设有防雨锁;
所述工控机通过 VGA接口与电阻式触摸屏相连接;
所述无线通信模块 II通过网口与工控机 II通信;
所述无线通信模块 Π以及无线通信模块 I采用 WiFi的 IEEE 802. 11标准的无线网络或 CDMA模块或 EDGE模块。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的电动公交车换电机器人系统, 其特征是, 所述机器人系统还包 WO 2013/071682 权利要求书 PCT/CN2012/000518 括机器人无线遥控装置, 所述机器人无线遥控装置包括壳体, 在所述的壳体上设有总开关、 两个二维摇杆、 启动按钮、 停止按钮、 伺服上电按钮; 壳体内设有主控板和用于发射握手 数据、 头数据、 尾数据及校正数据的无线通信模块 ΠΙ; 所述的总开关、 两个二维摇杆、 启 动按钮、 停止按钮、 伺服上电按钮、 无线通信模块 ΠΙ 与主控板连接; 所述主控板将二维 摇杆的方向信息转换成电信号, 通过无线通信模块 ΠΙ 收发指令控制换电机器人的运动; 所述的壳体上设有状态指示灯, 所述的状态指示灯和主控板连接; 所述的壳体上设有急停 按钮 III, 所述的急停按钮 III和主控板连接; 所述的壳体上设有备用按钮; 所述上位机设 有无线通讯模块 I,所述无线通讯模块 I与控制后台无线通讯模块 II以及遥控装置中无线通 讯模块 III无线通讯。
10、 如权利要求 1 所述的电动公交车换电机器人系统的换电方法, 其特征是, 所述的 换电方法包括以下步骤:
1 )初始化: 系统上电后, 通过主控计算机系统或机器人主控台或无线遥控装置下发复 位指令, 机器人的各个轴触发限位开关后寻零, 各个轴回到原点位置;
2)卸电池: 车辆安全停靠指定换电区域后, 换电机器人根据存储的坐标点信息通过主 控计算机系统或机器人主控台或无线遥控装置移动到指定的作业点,依据 DMP位置传感器、 超声波传感器 I信号调整电池托盘姿态,准确的将电池托盘伸到与车体电池仓平齐对接的位 置, 同时, 将水平旋转机构、 倾斜夹角调节机构的旋转角度位置信号送至 PLC控制器存储, 解锁电机驱动解锁机构解锁, 根据色标传感器反馈信号判断并确认是否解锁完成, 解锁成 功之后, 利用载物平台单元中电磁推手上的电磁吸盘将电池从车体的电池仓中取出;
3 ) 取放电池: PLC控制器根据存储的坐标点和光电传感器控制机器人到电池载物台指 定的作业点, 将取下的乏电池放在中转台上, 并将另一中转台上充满的电池取下来;
4)安装电池: PLC控制器控制机器人到车体电池仓的位置, 根据存储的水平旋转机构、 倾斜夹角调节机构的旋转角度调整电池托盘的姿态, 将电池安装到电池仓中, 电磁推手上 的解锁电机驱动解锁机构进行电池锁止, 依据色标传感器检测信号判断并确认锁止完成, PLC控制器控制电磁吸盘失电, 电磁吸盘与电池脱离, 电磁推手沿载物台缩回固定, 单箱电 池换电完成;
5 ) 重复过程 2)、 3 )、 4), 直至更换所有乏电池, 机器人回到原点待机。
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