WO2013070588A1 - Composition de graisse résistant à l'eau - Google Patents

Composition de graisse résistant à l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013070588A1
WO2013070588A1 PCT/US2012/063685 US2012063685W WO2013070588A1 WO 2013070588 A1 WO2013070588 A1 WO 2013070588A1 US 2012063685 W US2012063685 W US 2012063685W WO 2013070588 A1 WO2013070588 A1 WO 2013070588A1
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Prior art keywords
grease composition
grease
thickener
composition according
acid
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PCT/US2012/063685
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English (en)
Inventor
James E. Spagnoli
Smruti A. DANCE
John K. GRAHAM
John P. DONER
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Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company
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Priority to SG11201401410YA priority Critical patent/SG11201401410YA/en
Priority to EP12791613.8A priority patent/EP2776541A1/fr
Publication of WO2013070588A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013070588A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/06—Mixtures of thickeners and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M115/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof
    • C10M115/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M123/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M113/00 - C10M121/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M123/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M113/00 - C10M121/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/102—Silicates
    • C10M2201/103—Clays; Mica; Zeolites
    • C10M2201/1036—Clays; Mica; Zeolites used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/1256—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids used as thickening agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C10M2215/0813—Amides used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C10M2215/224—Imidazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/26—Waterproofing or water resistance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/70—Soluble oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

  • the copolymer is produced by reaction of a poiyamine such as ethylene diamine with an ethylene copolymer grafted with carboxylic moieties by reaction with and unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride group, for example, maleic anhydride.
  • a poiyamine such as ethylene diamine
  • an ethylene copolymer grafted with carboxylic moieties by reaction with and unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride group, for example, maleic anhydride.
  • Amine functionaiized ethylene copolymers of this type are described in US 4 517 104 (Bloch) to which reference is made for a description of them.
  • Polymer additives are well established for enhancing enhance grease performance at low treatment levels as reported in NLGI Paper Benefits of Polymer dMEym G se, ⁇ . JiL NLGI Spokesman, ISSN : 00276782, Vol: 73, Issue 7. As discussed in that paper, the challenges facing grease manufacturers face can be addressed with the inclusion of polymer additives in a variety of grease types.
  • the benefits of polymer additives in this study are shown to include improved shear stability, enhanced water resistance, and increased yield.
  • selected polymer additives may provide economic benefits through increased grease yields of up to 17%.
  • Polymers that have been studied as grease additives include polyisobutyiene (PIB), ethylene-propylene copolymers (OCP), styrene-hydrogenated butadiene (SBR), styrene-hydrogenated isoprene (SI), radial hydrogenated polyisoprene (star), acid functionaiized polymers (FP), polymethacrylate (PMA), styrene ester copolymers (SE), and styrene ethylene butylene copolymers (SEBCP).
  • PIB polyisobutyiene
  • OCP ethylene-propylene copolymers
  • SBR styrene-hydrogenated butadiene
  • SI styrene-hydrogenated isoprene
  • star radial hydrogenated polyisoprene
  • FP acid functionaiized polymers
  • PMA polymethacrylate
  • SE styrene ester copolymers
  • corrosion resistance is another highly important performance characteristic in wind turbine greases given the sendee conditions under which the turbines operate, often in remote wind- and rain-swept locations and often at sea.
  • Corrosion inhibitors therefore form a necessary part of the additive package and in view of the harsh operating environments, it may be necessary to resort to the most effective types of corrosion inhibitors.
  • Anti-wear performance is also significant in view of the heavy loadings to which wind turbine bearings are exposed for extended periods of time without the opportunity for routine maintenance.
  • improved water resistance in greases may be provided by a unique combination of a thickener, preferably a lithium salt soap thickener in combination with an oil insoluble polyami.de thixotrope as a co-thickener; the improvement is, moreover, maintained when highly effective or aggressive rust inhibitors which normally tend to degrade grease stability and water wash out resistance are present in the grease.
  • a thickener preferably a lithium salt soap thickener in combination with an oil insoluble polyami.de thixotrope as a co-thickener
  • resistance to fretting is significantly improved to the extent that the greases containing these components are capable of achieving good ripple protection in the Riffel Test.
  • the greases have a grease base of a lubricating base oil, a water- and oil- insoluble thickener, and an oil insoluble, thixotropic polyamide co-thickener.
  • additives including at least antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors and anti-wear agents will normally be added to obtain the desired final combination of properties.
  • These greases when fully formulated, exhibit a highly advantageous combination of properties including good water resistance as well as mechanical stability in wet conditions and good low temperature properties; this combination makes them eminently suitable for use in wind turbine bearings.
  • Figure 1 is a bar graph of water wash-out versus wt% polyamide of Example 2.
  • Figure 2 is a bar graph of oil separation versus wt% polyamide of Example 1.
  • the present greases are preferably synthetic greases, that is, greases which are based on a synthetic liquid lubricating component but mmeral oil lubricating bases may also be used. If a mineral oil base is used, it will typically be a neutral (paraffinic) base stock with a viscosity from 2 to 500 cSt, more usually 2 or 4 to 300 cSt, (40°C) although for some power transmission applications, heavier base stocks may also be used. Blends of low viscosity oils, e.g. 2 to 10 cSt with higher viscosity oils e.g. 100 cSt or higher, are likely to be particularly favorable.
  • base oils derived from mmeral oil sources which are potentially useful are the high viscosity index hydrocracked, catalytically dewaxed oils of API Groups II, II Plus, III and III Plus.
  • These oils especially the higher end Group II oils with viscosity indices of 1 10 to 120 (SAE) and the Group III oils with viscosity indices over 120 and higher, e.g 130 or 140, approaching those of the totally synthetic poly alpha olefins are particularly desirable base stocks for the greases whether used on their own or in combination with a synthetic base stock component, e.g. a poly alpha olefin (PAO) stock.
  • PAO poly alpha olefin
  • Another class of useful base oils is the synthetic Fischer-Tropsch oils, especially those derived from waxy, Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesized lube range fractions by hydroisomerization and catalytic dewaxing to improve the low temperature flow properties of the oil and improve its viscosity index.
  • the F-T process used to form the initial waxy hydroisomerization feed is preferably one produced with a slurry F-T process using a cobalt catalyst.
  • Lube base stocks of this kind are described in US 2002/0086803. Hydroisomerization over zeolite catalysts is a particularly preferred hydroisomerization'' dewaxing technique.
  • the poly alpha olefins constitute the most preferred class, having excellent oxidation stability and resistance to hydrolytic attack. Blends of the PAOs with either the high VI hydroisomerized mineral oils or the F-T lube stocks mentioned above are also especially favorable for their rheolology characteristics, especially VI and low temperature fluidity.
  • the synthetic esters oils such as the Type ⁇ (dibasic acid, e.g. sebacic acid, azelaic,acid esters such as dicotly sebacate) and the Type II (polyol/monobasic acid esters, especially the neopentyi polyol esters e.g.
  • trimethylopropane, pentaerythritol of Cg-C io acids are not generally favored in view of their susceptibility to hydrolytic attack but they may be present in minor amounts to promote good seal swell and additive solvency, if needed.
  • Other synthetic base stocks include the alkylbenzenes, carbonate esters (e.g., the product of reacting Cg oxo alcohol with ethyl carbonate to form a half ester followed by reaction of the latter with tetraethy!ene glycol, etc.), polypheny!
  • ethers e.g., those having from about 3 to 7 ether linkages and about 4 to 8 phenyl groups polyalkylene glycols and the polyphenyl ethers.
  • Synthetic components such as the long chain alkylated naphthalenes may be used as blend components, e.g. for added additive solvency, if required.
  • the lubricating oil will comprise a major amount of the grease composition.
  • the amount of lubricating oil will range from above about 50 to about 90 wt%, preferably from about 70 to about 85 wt%, of the grease composition.
  • the grease will contain an essentially water- and oil-insoluble thickener to provide the desired grease consistency and structure (cone penetration, dropping point, etc).
  • Thickeners may be of the soap or non-soap types. Non-soaps are based on organic or non-organic solids such as bentonite clay, polymers such as the polyureas or silica aerogels and may be used where their particular properties so indicate.
  • the preferred thickeners for the present greases are the metal salt/soap thickeners, including the complex soap thickeners based on metals including aluminum, barium, calcium, lithium, sodium, with the lithium salt/soap complex thickeners being the most preferred. These types of thickeners are well established and are described in numerous publications.
  • the complex grease thickeners are made by combining the conventional metallic soaps with a complexing agent.
  • the soaps are typically a metal salt of a long chain fatty acid having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms such as decanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid.
  • Particularly preferred is a lithium or lithium complex thickener that incorporates an hydroxy fait)' acid having from 12 to 24 (preferably from 16 to 20) carbon atoms.
  • a preferred hydroxy fatty acid is an hydroxy stearic acid, e.g.,
  • the complex salt/soap thickeners are made with a combination of conventional lithium soap such as lithium 12-hydroxystearate and a complexing agent which may vary with the type of thickener, e.g. calcium complex thickeners may be formulated with acetic acid and hydroxy-substituted acids; boric acid may be used with lithium soaps.
  • Low molecular-weight organic acid typically C 4 to C 12 dibasic acids such as glutaric, azelaic, pimelic, suberic, adipic or sebacic acids, are generally favored as the complexing agents with lithium greases.
  • the complexes are formed by the introduction of the complexing agent or its metal salt into the lattice of the metal salt.
  • the eomplexing agent may be added as the free acid, a salt e.g. the lithium salt or as an ester such as an alkyl ester, e.g. methyl glutarate or methyl adipate, which will undergo hydrolysis to the acid in the presence of the added alkali, e.g. lithium hydroxide, to form the eomplexing agent.
  • a salt e.g. the lithium salt or as an ester such as an alkyl ester, e.g. methyl glutarate or methyl adipate
  • alkali e.g. lithium hydroxide
  • the amount of thickener in the lubricating composition will typically range from about 1 to about 20 wt%. For most purposes, between about 6 to about 14 wt%, preferably between about 8 to about 10 wt%, of the thickener will be present in the composition. PAO bases may require a higher proportion of thickener than mineral oil basestocks.
  • the present greases contain a polyamide thixotrope as a co-thickener which contributes to the formation of the thickener matrix.
  • the thixotrope is essentially insoluble in water and oil in order to maintain the grease structure and the desired resistance to water wash out.
  • Thixotropes create a viscosity increase that is reversed during shearing but then reforms when the shear forces are removed. This characteristic has been found to provide advantageous properties when used in combination with the remaining grease components.
  • the polyamides used in the present formulations have two or more amide groups [R-CO-NR ' -R. ' ] in their structure formed by reaction of a diamine, with a carboxylic entity.
  • the diamine reactaiit will have two or more amine groups which may be either primary or secondary amine groups.
  • Typical preferred amine compounds include the alkylene diamines of the formula: e ⁇ NR ' ⁇ [ ⁇ alkylene-NR ' -] X -H where R.
  • R.' which may be the same or different and may each be H or alkyl groups, typically of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and alkylene has 2 to 6 carbon atoms and x is an integer of about 1 to 10, preferably about 2 to 7, and the alkylene radical is a straight or branched chain alkylene group or substituted alkylene group having 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 7, more preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms; the primary amines are preferred (R ' is H).
  • alkylene diamines of the above formula examples include ethylene diamine, propylene diamines, butyleiie diamines, pentylene diamines, hexylene diamines, heptylene diamines, dioctylene amines, other poiymethylene amines, e.g. hexamethylene diamine.
  • Polyamines e.g. triamines, etc are not generally favored in view of their tendency to form polymers which do not possess the desired thixotropic properties.
  • the preferred amines for the synthesis of the present thixotropes are the straight chain alkylene diamines which produce polyamides of substantially linear structure consistent with the thixotropic character.
  • diamines include ethylene diamine, 1,3-propylene diamine, 1 ,4-butylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine with special preference for ethylene diamine and hexamethylene diamine for their commercial availability.
  • the carboxylic component includes C 4 + monocarboxylic acids, typically long chain fatty acids from 8 to 20 carbon atoms and their derivatives including anhydrides, acyl halides and other entities capable of reaction with the primary amine groups of the polyamine to form the amide linkages.
  • Polycarboxyylic acids are not favored in view of their tendency to react with the diamine reactant to form the undesired higher molecular weight condensation polymers which are not thixotropes; the molecular weight of the polvamide should not exceed about 800 and in most cases, not more than 650 for good thixotropic properties.
  • the molecular weight should be in the range of 250 to 630.
  • the hydrocarbon groups attached to the carboxyl moiety may typically be alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl and may be substituted by heteroatoms or other groups such as hydroxy! or hydroxyalkyl groups.
  • the preferred carboxyl reactants are essentially aliphatic and include alkenyl and alkyl groups with straight chain alkyl groups and hydroxylalkyi groups being preferred.
  • Particularly preferred carboxyl compounds are the C 8 to C 20 alkyl and hydroxyalkyl monocarboxylic acids.
  • the carboxyl component may contain hydrocarbon and substituted hydrocarbon groups of varying chain length, for example, a mixture of C 10 and C 18 alkyl and hydroxyalkyl acids.
  • a currently preferred carboxyl component comprise a combination alkanoic and hydroxyalkaiioic acids, preferably a mixture of a Cg to C 18 alkanoic acid with a Cg to C 18 hydroxyalkanoic acid.
  • Th e alkanoic acid is preferably the major component of the mixture with the hydroxyalkaiioic acid being present in a lesser amount
  • a particularly preferred carboxylic reactant is a mixture of decanoic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid. With ethylene diamine as the amine component, the polyamide formed from these two acids will be a mixture of three individual diamkles with the formulae:
  • the mol ratio between these reactants will be from 0.2 to 1 mol of the alkanoic acid and 0.1 to 1 mol of the hydroxyalkanoic acid per mol of the diamine.
  • Poiyamides of this type are disclosed in US Re 41 588.
  • the carboxyl-donating component may be used in the form of a salt or other derivative, e.g. ester, anhydride or hali.de which is capable of reacting with the diamine to form the desired amide.
  • the amine and acid component will generally be prereacted to form the polyamide prior to admixing with the other grease components.
  • the amount of the polyamide will range from about 0.01 to about 4 wt%, preferably from about 0.1 to about 2 wt%, based on weight of the grease, although larger amounts could be used if desired.
  • the grease making procedures either in a batch process with contactor followed by finishing kettle or in a continuous greasemaking process are well known and widely used, in batch greasemaking, the grease is usually prepared by chemically reacting and mechanically dispersing the thickener components in the lubricating oil for from about 1 to about 8 hours or more (preferably from about 3 to about 6 hours) followed by heating at elevated temperature (e.g., from about 140 to about 225°C. depending upon the particular thickener used) until the mixture thickens. In some cases (e.g. a simple lithium grease), a preformed thickener can be used. The mixture is then cooled to ambient temperature (typically about 60°C.) during which time additive package is added.
  • ambient temperature typically about 60°C.
  • the polyamide thixotropes may be incorporated into a semi-finished grease containing the base oil and thickener possibly with the additive package present or added earlier as a blend component.
  • the polyamides are typically viscous liquids, semi-liquids or, quite often powders and in order to facilitate blending into the grease base, it may be necessary in the case of the powder materials or, in the case of the liquids, desirable, to heat the polyamide prior to incorporation into the other grease components.
  • the polyamide may be liquefied prior to being added to the contactor in which the components of the thickener are to be reacted in the presence of the base oil although it has been found preferable to add powdered thixotrope to the finishing kettle that is at a high enough temperature to melt the thixotrope but sufficiently low to avoid exposure to the higher temperatures typically prevailing in the contactor during the soapmakmg step; in addition, this sequence avoids subjecting the thixotrope to high temperature/high shear conditions of the contactor likely to degrade the thixotropic properties.
  • the temperatures in the finishing kettle will typically be 120°C or higher so as to preclude separation of the polyamide before it becomes incorporated into the grease mass.
  • the polyamide may be added as one of the blend components to where the line where the temperature/shear regime is suitable for the particular thixotrope.
  • the grease composition can be mixed, blended, or milled in any number of ways including external mixers, roll mills, internal mixers, Banbury mixers, screw extruders, augers, colloid mills, homogenizers, and the like.
  • the grease composition will typically contain small amounts of additives such as anticorrosive agents, extreme pressure and antiwear agents, pour point- depressants, tackiness agents, oxidation inhibitors, dyes, and the like.
  • additives such as anticorrosive agents, extreme pressure and antiwear agents, pour point- depressants, tackiness agents, oxidation inhibitors, dyes, and the like.
  • the amounts of individual additives will, vary according to the additive and the level of functionality to be provided by it.
  • the total amount of these additives will typically range from about 2 to about 5 wt% based on total weight of the grease composition.
  • solid lubricants such as molybdenum disulfide and graphite may be present in the composition, typically from about 1 to about 5 wt% (preferably from about 1.5 to about 3 wt%) for molybdenum disulfide and from about 3 to about 15 wt% (preferably from about 6 to about 12 wt%) for graphite.
  • the additives When the additives are described below by reference to individual components used in the formulation, they will not necessarily be present or identifiable as discrete entities in the final product but may be present as reaction products which are formed during the grease manufacture or even its use. This will depend on the respective chemistries of the ingredients, their stoichiometry, and the temperatures encountered in the greasemakmg process or during its use. It will also depend, naturally enough, on whether or not the species are added as a pre -reacted additive package. For example, the acid amine phosphates may be added as discrete amines and acid phosphates but these may react to form a new entity in the final grease composition under the processing conditions used in the grease manufacture.
  • At least one antioxidant will he present to retard oxidative degradation of the grease while in storage and use.
  • these additives will be either aminic antioxidants or phenolic antioxidants; antioxidants of these two classes may be used together.
  • Aminic antioxidants are generally aromatic amines of which the naphthylammes are in common use, e.g. alpha.-napht.hy3 amine, phenyl-alpha.- naphthylamine, butylphenyl-.aipha.-naphthylamme, penrylphenyl-.alpha.-naphthylamine, hexylphenyl -.alpha.
  • -naphthylamine heptylphenyl-.alpha.-naphthylamine, octylphenyl- .alpha.-naphthylamine and nonylphenyl-.alpha.-naphthylamine;
  • the monoalkylphenyl alpha-naphthylamines e.g. ter/.-octyl-phenyl-a-naphtylamine and monononyldiphenylamine are particular common.
  • Other classes of aromatic amines include the dinuclear aromatic amines such as the dialkyl-diphenylamines, e.g.
  • Amine antioxidants are generally used in amounts from about 0.0.1 to 5 wt%, more usually from 0.5 to 1.5 wt%.
  • Phenolic antioxidants typically used in amounts from about 0.01 to 5 wt%, more usually from 0.5 to 1.5 wt%., are typified by the alkylated hydroxytoluenes, e.g. butylated hydroxytoluene.
  • antioxidants include the sulfur-containing antioxidants, for example, dialkyl thiodipropionates such as dilauryl thiodipropionate and distearyl thiodipropionate, dialkyldithiocarbamic acid derivatives (excluding metal salts), bis(3,5-di-t-b tyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)s lfide, mercaptobenzotiiiazole, reaction products of phosphorus pentoxide and olefins, and dicetyl sulfide.
  • dialkyl thiodipropionates such as dilauryl thiodipropionate and distearyl thiodipropionate
  • dialkyldithiocarbamic acid derivatives excluding metal salts
  • bis(3,5-di-t-b tyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)s lfide bis(3,5-di-t-b tyl-4-hydroxybenzy
  • the grease will include a corrosion inhibitor of a type which is effective for rust inhibition; non-ferrous metal, especially copper, passivation functionality may also be useful.
  • Corrosion inhibitors are a well-established class of additives and may typically be physical inhibitors which form a barrier type film on the metal or chemical type inhibitors which react on the metal surface to form a protective coating.
  • Physical type inhibitors include the metal naphthenates and petroleum sulfonates, e.g barium petroleum sulfonates, zinc naphthenate and the like wit preference for the zinc and calcium salts for their improved environmental acceptability.
  • metal sulfonates and naphthenates are very effective and favored in many applications as corrosion inhibitors and have been found to be effective in wet tests but some greases formulated with the polyamide thixotrope and this class of corrosion inhibitors have been found to be subject to failure incorrosion testing. For this reason, the metal sulfonate/naphthenate corrosion inhibitors are not preferred in the current formulations.
  • the amine mst inhibitors will general!' contain from 8 to 24 carbon atoms and can be primary, secondary, tertiary, acyclic or cyclic, mono or poiyamines. They can also be heterocyclic.
  • the amine containing components can also contain other substituents, e.g. ether linkages or hydroxyl moieties.
  • the preferred amines are generally aliphatic in nature.
  • Some specific examples include: octylamine, decylamine, C io, C j2, C i4 and C 16 tertiary alkyi primary amines (or combinations thereof), lauryia ine, hex adecyl amine, heptadecyl amine, octadecylamine, decenylamme, dodecenyiamine, palmitoylamine, oleylamine, linoleyiamme, di-isoamylamine, di-octylamine, d.i-(2-ethylhexyl)amine, dilauryl amine, cyclohexylamine, 1 ,2-propylene amine, 1,3-propylenediamine, diethylene tri amine, triethylene tetraamine, ethanoiamine, triethanolamme, trioctylamine, pyridine, morpholine, 2-methylpiperazme, 1
  • a preferred group of amines for this disclosure to serve as rust inhibitors are the oil-soluble aliphatic amines in which the aliphatic group is a tertiary alkyl group.
  • PrimeneTM 81 R a primar aliphatic amine in which the amino nitrogen atom is linked to a tertiary carbon with C 12.14 highly branched alkyl groups
  • PrimeneTM JMT a primary aliphatic amine in which the amino nitrogen atom is linked to a tertiary carbon with C 16-22 h gh y branched alkyl groups
  • amines are commercially ava lable amines that fail into this category.
  • the amines are preferably used in the form of salts with acid phosphates, which are effective as antirust and antiwear agents.
  • the salts of the phosphates and amines may for instance be formed prior to addition to the additive package or they may ⁇ be formed in situ after the acid phosphate and amine is added to the package.
  • the amine derivatives of the mono-or dialkyl acid phosphate provide valuable antiwear functionality and should be chosen to be soluble in the selected base oil of the grease.
  • the amines may be of the types described above with preference given to the tertiary amines such as e.g. PrimeneTM 81-R: (PrimeneTM JM-T) or PrimeneTM TOA (a primary aliphatic amine in which the amino nitrogen atom is linked to a tertiary carbon with Cg alkyl groups).
  • Preferred mono-and/or dialkyl-acid phosphate antiwear additives include at least one acid phosphate moiety derived from a phosphoric acid represented by the formula R 1 0(R 2 0)P(0)OH, where R i is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl and R 2 is hydrocarbyl.
  • Ri and R 2 may be the same or different, typically from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and preferably 10 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the preferred hydrocarbyl groups for Rj (if present) and R 2 are independently selected from Cj -C 30 hydrocarbyls, preferably C 3 -C 20 alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl-containing hydrocarbyls, which may be straight chain, branched or cyclic, and may also contain heteroatoms such as O, S, or N.
  • Suitable hydrocarbyl groups are alkyls of 1-40 carbon atoms, preferably 2-20 carbon atoms, more preferably 3-20 carbon atoms, alkenyls of 1-20 carbon atoms, cycloaikyls of 5-20 carbon atoms, aryls of 6- 12 carbon atoms, aikaryls of 7-20 carbon atoms or aralkyls of 7-20 carbon atoms.
  • suitable alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, methyl-decyi or dimethyl-decyl.
  • Examples of suitable alkenyl groups are ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyi.
  • Examples of suitable cycloalkyl groups are cyciohexyi or methylcyclohexyl.
  • Examples of suitable cycioalkenyl groups are 1-, 2-, or 3-cyclohexenyl or 4-methyl ⁇ 2-cyclohexenyl.
  • Examples of suitable aryl groups are phenyl or diphenyl.
  • Examples of suitable alkaryl groups are 4-methyl-phenyl (p-tolyl) or p-ethyl-phenyl.
  • Examples of suitable aralkyl groups are benzyl or phenethyl.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups are typically selected from ethyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, i-anryl, hexyl, 2-ethyl hexyl, n-oetyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyi, tridecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyi, oleyl, linoleyl, linolenyl, phytol, myricyl, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, amy! phenol, nonyl phenol, methylcyclohexanol, alkylated napthol.
  • the acid phosphate esters for reaction with the amines may be conveniently formed by reaction of the corresponding alcohols, in the proper stoichiometric amounts, with phosphoric acid, to make the desired mono- or di alkyl phosphate.
  • the preferred acid phosphates are selected from mono- and di-2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, and mixtures of the two. Further description of useful amine phosphates is in US 2006/0223720 to which reference is made for a description of them.
  • the imidazolines which are useful as corrosion inhibitors are imidazolines with a long chain (C 8 -C 2 o) alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkyl or alkenyl substituent on one or both nitrogen atoms. A shorter chain substituent may be on the second nitrogen atom and this may be an alkyl group or substituted alkyl group.
  • Exemplary useful imidazolines include 2-oleyl imidazoline, l-hyd.roxyethyl-2-oleyl imidazoline and similar compounds.
  • thiadiazo!es which are especially effective against copper corrosion.
  • the thiadiazole comprises at least one of 2,5-dimercapto-l ,3,4-thiadiazole;
  • 2,5-bis(hydrocarbyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazoles are the 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazoles, especially the 2-hydrocarbyldithio-5-mercapto-l,3,4-dithiadiazoles and the 2,5-bis(hydrocaroyldithio)-l ,3,4-thiadiazoles, a number of which are available commercially from Afton Corporation as Hitec* 4313 or from Lubrizoi Corporation as Lubrizol ® 5955 A .
  • Copper passivators include thiazoles, triazoles, and thiadizolessuch as 2-mercapto- 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazoIe, 2-mercapto-5-hydrocarbylthio- 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazoles,
  • anti-wear/extreme pressure agents are favored in the present formulations in view of the severe loadings encountered in wind turbine bearings.
  • Anti- wear and/or extreme pressure agents can be incorporated, typically in an amount from 0.1 to 5 wt%, more usually 0.5 to 2 wt%.
  • anti-wear/extreme pressure agents include metal-free sulfur-containing species including sulfurized olefins, dialkyi polysulfides, diarylpolysulfides, sulfurized fats and oils, sulfurized fatty acid esters, phosphosuifur compounds, trithiones, sulfurized oligomers of C 2 -C 8 monoolefins, sulfurized terpenes, thiocarbamate compounds e.g.
  • metal or ash-free dithiocarbamates such as methylenebis (dib tyldithiocarbamate) or zinc dipentyldithiocarbamate; thioearbonate compounds, sulfoxides, thiol sulfinates.
  • dithiocarbamates such as methylenebis (dib tyldithiocarbamate) or zinc dipentyldithiocarbamate; thioearbonate compounds, sulfoxides, thiol sulfinates.
  • Other examples include aryl phosphates and phosphites, thiophosphoric acid compounds e.g.
  • zinc dialkyldithiophosphates metal-free phosphonis-containing additives such as esters of phosphorus acids, amine salts of phosphorus acids and phosphorus acid-esters, and j 1 partial and total, thio analogs of these, for example, acid phosphate anti-wear agents, of the formula R 1 0(R 2 0)P(0)OH, where R] is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl and R 2 is hydrocarbyl.
  • Additive functionality may optionally be provided by multifunctional additives: anitwear agents, for example, will often provide EP activity; zinc diamyldithiocarbamate, for example, may be used as an oxidation inhibitor and metal deactivator with copper corrosion inhibition.
  • anitwear agents for example, will often provide EP activity
  • zinc diamyldithiocarbamate for example, may be used as an oxidation inhibitor and metal deactivator with copper corrosion inhibition.
  • Commercially available blends such as zinc dipentyldithiocarbamate with sulfurized isobutyienes may provide effective EP/antioxidant activity and the blend of methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate) with tolutriazole derivative, is an ashless antioxidant which also exhibits extreme pressure performance alone or in combination with other additives.
  • the present grease formulations are characterized by a combination of properties including excellent water washout as measured by ASTM D 1264, low oil separation as measured by ASTM D 6184 as well as good low temperature properties including low starting torque as measured by ASTM D 1478 and the important property of corrosion resistance as measured by ASTM D 1743.
  • Water washout (D 1264) is typically not more than 15% and in favorable cases less than 10%, e.g. less than 8 or even 6%; wet Shell roil (ASTM D 7342-2 (Procedure B) 10% DI at room temperature) may even show a negative change in penetration, i.e. become firmer after working.
  • the oil separation is typically less than 8% and may be less than 5% and even less than 3 or 2%.
  • the low temperature properties are also notable: in the Low-Temperature Torque test (ASTM D 1478), the starting torque (-40°C) may be not more than 5,000 g-cm and typically is not more than 4,000 g-cms with values below 3,000 g-cms. being achievable; values at -30°C are correspondingly better with a maximum of 2,000 g-cms, typically not more than 1500 g-cms.
  • a further advantage of the present formulations is that the greases are able to pass the Riffei Test (standard conditions), achieving a maximum scar depth of less than 10 microns (with up to 20 microns permitted in the region of salt water injection provided that the average is less than 2 microns), an average scare depth of less than 3 microns and corrosion less than or equal to a rating of 2.
  • the Riffei Test (or Ripple Test) is a test developed by the IME, the German Institut fur Mechanischeneiemente und Mechamschenfound of Aachen (DE); the test can be carried out on request at the IME.
  • a series of grease formulations were made up using an ISO VG 220 PAO as the base oil with a lithium complex thickener and varying amounts of a water-/oiI-insoluble polyamide co-thickener (from decanoic aci d/ 12-h droxystearic acid/ethyl ene diamine).
  • the polyamide when used, was added to the contactor during the thickener reaction at 188°C in amounts of 0.5, 1.00 and 1.50 wt%, based on the weight of the base grease.
  • ISO 460 grease formulations were prepared using a PAD blend base oil (6/150 cSt) and the same lithium complex thickener as in Example 1.
  • a standard antioxidant/corrosion-rust inhibitor package (4.10 wt.%) containing an amine phosphate and an alkyl imidazoline as corrosion inhibitors was used.
  • the same thixotropic additive as in Example I was added to the finishing kettle in amounts of 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 weight percent based on the total weight of the grease formulation. The four greases were subjected to the performance testing with the results in Table 2 below.
  • This example compares a commercial ISO 460 grease using a synthetic hydrocarbon (SHC) with a comparison ISO 460 grease containing the same polyamide thixotrope as in Example 2 added to a batch contactor/finishing kettle; this grease also contained an amine phosphate/imidazoline antiwear package.
  • SHC synthetic hydrocarbon
  • the polyamide co-thickener was added to the new grease formulation in an amount of 0.83 wt%. The performance of the two formulations was then tested and the results are shown in Table 3 below. Table 3

Abstract

L'invention concerne une graisse présentant une résistance améliorée à l'eau qui est basée sur une combinaison d'un thixotrope polyamide avec un épaississant insoluble dans l'eau, de préférence un épaississant savon/complexe de lithium et un ensemble antioxydant/inhibiteur de corrosion/additif anti-usure. Le perfectionnement est maintenu lorsque des inhibiteurs de rouille hautement efficaces ou agressifs qui ont normalement tendance à dégrader la résistance au lavage par l'eau sont présents dans la graisse. Un autre avantage est que la résistance à l'usure de contact est significativement améliorée dans la mesure où les graisses contenant ces composants sont aptes à parvenir à un niveau élevé de résistance à un faux-billage. Les graisses sont particulièrement utiles pour une application dans des paliers d'éolienne.
PCT/US2012/063685 2011-11-08 2012-11-06 Composition de graisse résistant à l'eau WO2013070588A1 (fr)

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CN111366447A (zh) * 2020-04-20 2020-07-03 广州机械科学研究院有限公司 一种快速溶解锂基润滑脂的方法

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WO2016109275A1 (fr) * 2014-12-29 2016-07-07 The Lubrizol Corporation Combinaison synergique inhibitrice de rouille pour une graisse lubrifiante
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FR3060605B1 (fr) * 2016-12-15 2021-05-28 Skf Ab Compositions de graisse et leur procede de fabrication
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CN111366447A (zh) * 2020-04-20 2020-07-03 广州机械科学研究院有限公司 一种快速溶解锂基润滑脂的方法

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