WO2013070391A1 - Methods to combine stateless and stateful server load balancing - Google Patents

Methods to combine stateless and stateful server load balancing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013070391A1
WO2013070391A1 PCT/US2012/060317 US2012060317W WO2013070391A1 WO 2013070391 A1 WO2013070391 A1 WO 2013070391A1 US 2012060317 W US2012060317 W US 2012060317W WO 2013070391 A1 WO2013070391 A1 WO 2013070391A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data packet
hybrid
service
session
stateless
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/060317
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rajkumar Jalan
Feilong Xu
Lalgudi Narayanan Kannan
Ronald Wai Lun Szeto
Original Assignee
A10 Networks Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by A10 Networks Inc. filed Critical A10 Networks Inc.
Priority to IN3764CHN2014 priority Critical patent/IN2014CN03764A/en
Priority to EP12848340.1A priority patent/EP2772026B1/en
Priority to JP2014538832A priority patent/JP5913609B2/ja
Priority to CN201280062417.XA priority patent/CN104067569B/zh
Priority to KR1020147013989A priority patent/KR101632187B1/ko
Publication of WO2013070391A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013070391A1/en
Priority to HK14111965.2A priority patent/HK1198565A1/xx

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
    • H04L67/1027—Persistence of sessions during load balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/66—Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/14—Session management
    • H04L67/142—Managing session states for stateless protocols; Signalling session states; State transitions; Keeping-state mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/564—Enhancement of application control based on intercepted application data

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a security gateway with the capability of processing packets using either a hybrid stateless processing method or a hybrid stateful processing method, and with the capability for assessing conditions in determining whether to switch from using the hybrid stateful processing method to the hybrid stateless processing method or vice versa.
  • advertisement delivery request an e-book delivery request, a collaboration session request, or an on-line newspaper or magazine delivery request.
  • Service gateway 110 is a computing device operationally coupled to a processor 113 and a computer readable medium 114 for storing computer readable program code to be executed by the processor 113.
  • Service gateway 110 may be implemented as a server load balancer, an application delivery controller, a service delivery platform, a traffic manager, a security gateway, a component of a firewall system, a component of a virtual private network (VPN), a load balancer for video servers, or a gateway to distribute load to one or more servers.
  • VPN virtual private network
  • Data network 153 may include an Internet Protocol (IP) network.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • Data network 153 may include a corporate data network or a regional corporate data network, an Internet service provider network, a residential data network, a wired network such as Ethernet, a wireless network such as a WiFi network, or cellular network.
  • Data network 153 may reside in a data center, or connects to a network or application network cloud.
  • Service gateway 110 determines a server address 321 based on service address 331 obtained from service request 301.
  • Server address 321 is associated with server 200 and may include a network address or IP address of server 200.
  • Server address 321 may include an application layer address, such as a TCP port number or a UDP port number of server 200.
  • service gateway 110 Upon establishment of service session 302 and service session 305, service gateway 110 subsequently processes a data packet 304 of service session 302 received from host 100.
  • Data packet 304 includes service address 331.
  • Service gateway 110 modifies data packet 304 by replacing service address 331 with server address 321.
  • service gateway 110 When service gateway 110 receives a data packet 307 of service session 305 from server 200, service gateway 110 processes data packet 307.
  • Data packet 307 of service session 305 may include server address 321.
  • Service gateway 110 modifies data packet 307 by replacing server address 321 with service address 331.
  • Service gateway 110 sends modified data packet 307 to host 100.
  • Service gateway 110 obtains service address 331 from service request 301.
  • Service policy 471 may include a load balancing policy 486 between server 200 and server 240.
  • Service gateway 110 selects server 200 using the load balancing policy 486, which may include a round robin or another load balancing scheme.
  • Service policy 471 may include a host policy 487 indicating that service request 301 is to be sent to server 200 when host 100 satisfies host policy 487.
  • service gateway 110 After service gateway 110 applies service policy 471 to service request 301, service gateway 110 retrieves server address 321 from service policy 471. Service gateway 110 creates session entry 420 with service address 331 and server address 321, associating service address 331 and server address 321. Service gateway 110 stores session entry 420 in session table 412.
  • Service request 301 may include a host address 104 associated with host 100.
  • Service gateway 110 retrieves host address 104 from service request 301.
  • Service gateway 110 may use retrieved host address 104 when applying service policy 471.
  • Service gateway 110 stores host address 104 in service session entry 420.
  • Data packet 304 may include host address 104.
  • Service gateway 110 obtains host address 104 from data packet 304 and compares the obtained host address 104 against addresses stored in session table 412 and session entry 420.
  • Data packet 304 received from service session 302 may indicate a session termination request.
  • data packet 304 is a TCP FIN packet, a TCP RESET packet.
  • Service gateway 110 inspects data packet 304 content and determines data packet 304 includes a session termination request. In response, service gateway 110 removes session entry 420 from session table 412. Service gateway 110 may remove session entry 420 after processing data packet 304 or waits for a pre-determined period of time before removing session entry 420.
  • a stateful processing method allows service gateway 110 to apply one or more service policies to select server 200.
  • the service policies may include security policies and other policies to protect server 200.
  • Security policy 482 may cause service request 301 to be declined if a security concern is detected. Such security consideration is known to those skilled in the art and is not described in this application.
  • Applying traffic policy 483 or server load policy 484 can also protect server 200 from overloading. Enforcing the service policies often improves service response time of server 200 to serve host 100.
  • applying service policy 471 to service request 301 requires computation resource of service gateway 110, such as CPU cycles. Such computation requirement may post a limitation on the ability of service gateway 110 to provide services when service gateway 110 receives and processes a large number of service requests over a short period of time.
  • service gateway 110 When service gateway 110 receives a data packet 307 from server 200, service gateway 110 processes data packet 307 using service mapping table 452. Service gateway 110 obtains server address 321 from data packet 307. Service gateway 110 compares server address 321 against server addresses stored in service mapping table 452. When service gateway 110 determines there is a match with mapping entry 460, service gateway 110 retrieves service address 331 from mapping entry 460, and modifies data packet 307 by replacing server address 321 with service address 331. Subsequently service gateway 110 sends modified data packet 307 to host 100. [0057] Service gateway 110 may match service address 331 or server address 321 against service mapping table 452 using a hash method. Service mapping table 452 includes a hash table using a hash function (HashFunc) 571. Mapping entry 460 is associated with a hash value (HashValue 581).
  • HashFunc hash function
  • Service gateway 110 applies HashFunc 571 to service address 331 of data packet 304 to obtain HashValue 581. Assume that service gateway 110 searches service mapping table 452 for an entry with index HashValue 581 and finds mapping entry 460. For data packet 307, service gateway 110 applies HashFunc 571 to server address 321 of data packet 307 to obtain HashValue 581. Service gateway 110 searches service mapping table 452 for an entry with index HashValue 581 and finds mapping entry 460.
  • HashFunc 571 examples include CRC checksum functions and other checksum functions; hash functions using a combination of bit- wise operators such as bit- wise AND operator, bit-wise OR operator, bit-wise NAND operator and bit-wise XOR operator; MD5 hash functions and other cryptography hash functions; Jenkins hash function and other non-crytography hash functions; hardware based hash functions implemented in FPGA, ASIC or an integrated circuit board of service gateway 110; and other types of hash functions or table lookup functions. Typically such hash functions are simple and can be calculated rapidly by service gateway 110.
  • Data packet 304 includes host address 104 associated with host 100. Service gateway 110 obtains host address 104 from data packet 304 and uses the obtained host address 104 in the processing of data packet 304.
  • service mapping table 452 is not related to the number of service sessions processed by service gateway 110.
  • the capacity of service mapping table 452 is related to the number of available service addresses and server addresses. Such capacity is usually small.
  • Service mapping tables 452 may have a few tens of entries or a few thousand entries.
  • a stateless processing method may be less desirable than a stateful processing method due to security concerns, since security gateway 110 does not apply security policy 482. Similarly security gateway 110 does not apply any other policy in service policy 471, affecting security of server 200, security of data network 153, traffic condition of data network 153, and service quality rendered to host 100.
  • a stateful processing method is also preferred over the stateless processing method when service gateway 110 may select server address 321 from a plurality of server addresses. For example, a service provider may configure a plurality of servers to serve service address 331 in a load balancing manner. A service provider may configure a backup server for service address 331.
  • a service provider may combine a stateful processing method for the first service when the load is light and change to a stateless processing method when the load becomes heavy; and may deploy a hybrid processing method to combine a stateless processing method for the second service during normal circumstances and switch immediately to a stateful processing method when a security alert is detected for the second service.
  • server 200 may be the same as server 240.
  • Server address 321 may be the same as server address 324.
  • Service address 331 may be the same as service address 334.
  • FIGS 6 and 10 illustrate an embodiment of a service gateway and a method, respectfully, for changing from a hybrid-stateful processing method to a hybrid-stateless processing method in response to a hybrid-stateless condition being satisfied according to the present invention.
  • service gateway 110 is using a hybrid-stateful processing method (1001).
  • Service gateway 110 maintains a hybrid- stateless condition 810.
  • Service gateway 110 checks if hybrid-stateless condition 810 is satisfied (1002).
  • service gateway 110 changes to a hybrid-stateless processing method (1004).
  • the service gateway 110 processes the next data packet received using the hybrid-stateless processing method, as describe above with reference to Figures 4 and 8.
  • the service gateway 110 continues using the hybrid-stateful processing method (1005), as described above with reference to Figures 5 and 9.
  • session rate 821 calculates a difference between a count of received service requests and a count of received service termination requests over a period of time. In one embodiment, session rate 821 calculates a count of service requests received over a period of time.
  • service gateway 110 calculates a session rate 821 in a predetermine period of time, such as every second, once every 250 milliseconds, once every 3 seconds or once every 10 seconds. In one embodiment, service gateway 110 calculates session rate 821 at variable times. For example, service gateway 110 calculates session rate 821 when a data packet from a host is received; when a service request is received; when a service termination request is received; or when a data packet is received from server 200. Service gateway 110 compares session rate 821 with session rate 811 of hybrid-stateless condition 810. In one embodiment, session rate 821 exceeds or equal to session rate 811, service gateway 110 determines that hybrid-stateless condition 810 is met and satisfied.
  • service gateway 110 receives hybrid-stateless condition 810 from an operator or an administrator 130.
  • Administrator 130 can be a human operator provisioning hybrid-stateless condition 810 onto service gateway 110.
  • Administrator 130 can be a network management system sending hybrid-stateless condition 810 to service gateway 110.
  • Administrator 130 may include a storage medium storing hybrid-stateless condition 810.
  • Service gateway 110 retrieves hybrid-stateless condition 810 from the storage of administrator 130.
  • FIGs 7 and 11 illustrate an embodiment of a service gateway and a method, respectfully, for changing from a hybrid-stateless processing method to a hybrid-stateful processing method in response to a hybrid-stateful condition being satisfied according to the present invention.
  • service gateway 110 employs a hybrid-stateless processing method (1101)
  • Service gateway 110 maintains a hybrid-stateful condition 910.
  • Service gateway 110 checks if hybrid-stateful condition 910 is satisfied (1102).
  • service gateway 110 changes to a hybrid-stateful processing method (1104) and processes the next data packet using the hybrid-stateful processing method, described above with reference to Figures 5 and 9.
  • service gateway 110 continues using the hybrid-stateless processing method (1105) and processes the next data packet using the hybrid-stateless processing method, as described above with reference to Figures 4 and 8.
  • hybrid-stateful condition 910 includes a session rate 911.
  • session rate 911 is 1 thousand sessions per second, 500 active sessions per second, or ten sessions per 10 milliseconds.
  • service gateway 110 calculates a session rate 921.
  • session rate 921 calculates a difference between a count of received service requests and a count of received service termination requests over a period of time.
  • session rate 921 calculates a count of service requests received over a period of time.
  • service gateway 110 determines if a data packet received from a host includes a service request before applying a hybrid-stateless processing method to the received data packet.
  • service gateway 100 determines if a data packet received from a host or a server includes a service termination request before applying a hybrid-stateless processing method to the received data packet.
  • hybrid-stateful condition 910 further includes a time duration 916, where hybrid-stateful condition 910 must be considered met for at least a time duration 916 in order for the hybrid-stateful condition 910 is satisfied. Examples of time duration 916 include 100 seconds, 40 seconds and 5 seconds.
  • Service gateway 110 checks from time to time if the hybrid-stateful condition 910 is met as described earlier.
  • service gateway 110 further includes a time duration 926 stored in memory. Initially service gateway 110 assigns a value of 0 to the time duration 926. From time to time, service gateway 110 determines if hybrid-stateful condition 910 is met.
  • service gateway 110 receives hybrid-stateful condition 910 from an operator or an administrator 130.
  • Administrator 130 can be a human operator provisioning hybrid-stateful condition 910 onto service gateway 110.
  • Administrator 130 can be a network management system sending hybrid-stateful condition 910 to service gateway 110.
  • Administrator 130 can include a storage medium storing hybrid-stateful condition 910.
  • Service gateway 110 retrieves hybrid-stateful condition 910 from the storage of administrator 130.
  • Figure 8 shows that when the service gateway 110 is processing data packets using the stateful processing method (805), the service gateway 110 would check whether the hybrid-stateless condition 801 is met (see Figure 10).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)
PCT/US2012/060317 2011-10-24 2012-10-15 Methods to combine stateless and stateful server load balancing WO2013070391A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN3764CHN2014 IN2014CN03764A (US07986718-20110726-C00001.png) 2011-10-24 2012-10-15
EP12848340.1A EP2772026B1 (en) 2011-10-24 2012-10-15 Methods to combine stateless and stateful server load balancing
JP2014538832A JP5913609B2 (ja) 2011-10-24 2012-10-15 ステートレスおよびステートフルなサーバー負荷分散を組み合わせる方法
CN201280062417.XA CN104067569B (zh) 2011-10-24 2012-10-15 组合无状态和有状态服务器负载平衡的方法
KR1020147013989A KR101632187B1 (ko) 2011-10-24 2012-10-15 무상태 및 유상태 서버 부하 분산 결합 방법
HK14111965.2A HK1198565A1 (en) 2011-10-24 2014-11-27 Methods to combine stateless and stateful server load balancing

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US13/280,336 2011-10-24
US13/280,336 US8897154B2 (en) 2011-10-24 2011-10-24 Combining stateless and stateful server load balancing

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JP (1) JP5913609B2 (US07986718-20110726-C00001.png)
KR (1) KR101632187B1 (US07986718-20110726-C00001.png)
CN (1) CN104067569B (US07986718-20110726-C00001.png)
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US20150039671A1 (en) 2015-02-05
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US10484465B2 (en) 2019-11-19
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US8897154B2 (en) 2014-11-25
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