WO2013063857A1 - 一种仿真提速电路的设计方法 - Google Patents

一种仿真提速电路的设计方法 Download PDF

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WO2013063857A1
WO2013063857A1 PCT/CN2012/000697 CN2012000697W WO2013063857A1 WO 2013063857 A1 WO2013063857 A1 WO 2013063857A1 CN 2012000697 W CN2012000697 W CN 2012000697W WO 2013063857 A1 WO2013063857 A1 WO 2013063857A1
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sub
submodules
bridge
controllable
current
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PCT/CN2012/000697
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵成勇
许建中
刘文静
郭春义
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华北电力大学
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of power transmission and distribution, and particularly relates to a design method of a simulation speed increasing circuit. Background technique
  • VSC- HVDC voltage source converters
  • MMC modular multi-level converter
  • Siemens the sub-module is a half-bridge structure
  • the current change rate is low, and no filter is needed.
  • it requires twice as many switching devices at the same voltage level, and its control system is complicated by the need to voltage balance control the sub-module capacitors that are distributed.
  • the world's first commercially-operated MMC-HVDC project is the US-based Transit Bell (TBC) project, which has a rated capacity of 400 MW, a DC voltage of ⁇ 200 kV, and 216 sub-modules in each inverter arm.
  • TBC Transit Bell
  • the MEL-HVDC project INELFE which will be completed in 2013 from France to Spain, has a rated capacity of 2 X 1000MW.
  • the double-ended system has 3000 sub-modules as an example. After simulation test and estimation, if the simulation step is set to 20 microseconds and the simulation duration is 5 seconds, then each simulation takes 3000 hours (125 days) or more, and the speed is too slow. , seriously affecting the progress of the work, and will lead to the adjustment and optimization of control parameters and subsequent research work becomes impossible.
  • the existing modular multi-level converter has a short simulation time, versatility and poor scalability, and the present invention proposes a design method of the simulation speed-up circuit.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is a design method of a simulated speed-up circuit, characterized in that the design method comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 On the basis of the serial model of all the sub-modules of the existing inverter, replace each bridge arm of the inverter with a controllable voltage source, and measure the bridge arm current in real time;
  • Step 2 Connect the positive ends of all the submodules in the bridge arm to the same controllable current source, the negative ends of all the submodules are grounded, and the output voltage of the submodules is measured in real time;
  • Step 3 Sum the output voltages of all the sub-modules in the same bridge arm, set them as the instantaneous voltage value of the controllable voltage source, and set the measured value of the bridge arm current to the current value of the controllable current source.
  • the formula for calculating the controllable voltage source is: among them:
  • z is the voltage of the controllable voltage source; u sm one, output voltage for the i-th sub-module terminal P.
  • the invention can directly transform from the original simulation model by using the PSCAD/EMTDC library component under the premise of ensuring the transient steady-state simulation precision of the converter and the sub-module, and after simulation test and comparison, if the MMC is used (the sub-module is the full bridge) Or the original model of the half-bridge structure is directly modeled and simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC. Under the premise of the same simulation step and simulation duration, the required simulation time and the number of sub-modules increase exponentially. According to the speed-up model proposed by the invention, the simulation time and the number of sub-modules increase linearly.
  • the speed-increasing multiple of the proposed speed-up model increases exponentially with the number of sub-modules, and the speed-up effect is very significant.
  • the proposed invention does not require user component customization and is easy to be directly modified from the original model, it is highly versatile.
  • Figure 1 shows the topology of the MMC (the submodule is a half bridge or a full bridge);
  • Figure 2 shows the sub-module topology of the half-bridge MMC
  • Figure 3 shows the sub-module topology of the full-bridge MMC
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent bridge arm of an MMC in the model proposed by the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of connection of all sub-modules in a half-bridge MMC bridge arm in the model proposed by the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of connection of all sub-modules in a full-bridge MMC bridge arm in the model proposed by the present invention
  • a connection diagram of any sub-module of the half-bridge structure MMC in the model is proposed
  • FIG. 8 is a connection diagram of any sub-module of the full-bridge structure MMC in the model proposed by the present invention.
  • Tl, ⁇ 2 respectively represent the upper and lower IGBTs in the half-bridge sub-module, Dl, D2, respectively Shows the anti-parallel diode of the corresponding IGBT; represents the capacitor in the half-bridge sub-module; represents the sub-module capacitor voltage; w m represents the output voltage of the sub-module port;
  • Tl, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4 respectively represent four IGBTs in the full bridge submodule, Dl, D2, D3, D4 respectively represent the anti-parallel diodes of the corresponding IGBT;
  • G represents the capacitor in the full bridge submodule;
  • represents the submodule Capacitor voltage; indicates the sub-module port output voltage;
  • U shows the current monitoring value of the MMC equivalent bridge arm; it indicates the sum of the port output voltages of the submodules corresponding to the MMC equivalent bridge arm; L indicates the bridge arm reactor;
  • I _p ase_l, I _phase_2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , I_phase-n respectively represent the current values of the controllable current sources connected to the first, second, ⁇ "submodules; u it ..., doctor m — founded Representing the port output voltages of the first, second, ..., "submodules, respectively;
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the modular multi-level converter with a very high level has a slow simulation speed in PSCAD/EMTDC, and a modular multi-level converter is provided in PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation speed-up model.
  • the invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • Figure i is the topology of the MMC
  • Figure 2 and Figure 3 are two alternative sub-module topologies.
  • PSCAD/EMTDC the topology of the MMC
  • Figure 2 and Figure 3 are two alternative sub-module topologies.
  • Figure 1 is combined with Figure 1 or Figure 1 in conjunction with Figure 3.
  • All submodules are connected in series, and when the number of submodules is large, the simulation speed will become very slow.
  • the invention will use the PSCAD/EMTDC library component to model the following model based on the original model: Step 1: On the basis of the serial model of all the sub-modules of the existing inverter, replace each bridge arm of the converter with Control the voltage source and measure the bridge arm current in real time;
  • Step 2 Connect the positive ends of all sub-modules in the bridge arm to the same controllable current source, the negative terminals of all sub-modules are grounded, and the output voltage of the sub-modules is measured in real time;
  • is the current value of the controllable current source connected to the first submodule
  • Step 3 Sum the output voltages of all the sub-modules in the same bridge arm, set it as the instantaneous voltage value of the controllable voltage source, and set the measured value of the bridge arm current to the current value of the controllable current source.
  • step 1 the voltage of the controllable voltage source of the bridge arm is calculated as equation (2):
  • the voltage of the controllable voltage source that is, the sum of the port output voltages of the n submodules of the bridge arm. That is, it is the sum of the port output voltages of the "sub-modules" of the same arm in step 2.
  • u smJ is the output voltage of the ith submodule.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种仿真提速电路的设计方法,包括以下步骤:在现有换流器全部子模块串联模型的基础上,将换流器的每个桥臂替换为可控电压源,并实时测量桥臂电流;将桥臂中全部子模块的正端连接同一可控电流源,全部子模块的负端接地,并实时测量子模块的输出电压;将同一桥臂中全部子模块的输出电压求和,将其设定为可控电压源的瞬时电压值,将桥臂电流的测量值设定为可控电流源的电流值。在相同条件下,该设计方法极大提高了仿真速度,且无需用户元件自定义,具有很强的通用性。

Description

一种仿真提速电路的设计方法 技术领域
本发明属于输配电技术领域, 尤其涉及一种仿真提速电路的设计方法。 背景技术
近年来, 高电压大功率的全控型电力电子器件如 IGBTs和 IGCTs在远距离 输电系统和低压配电网络中得到广泛使用, 特别是应用于基于电压源换流器的 高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)技术。与传统的两电平和三电平 VSC-HVDC相比, 由西门子公司提出的模块化多电平换流器 (MMC) (子模块为半桥结构) 拓扑 具有无需大量 IGBT直接串联,器件承受电压电流变化率低,无需滤波器等优点。 同时, 在同等电压等级下, 它需要两倍的开关器件, 且由于需要对其分散布置 的子模块电容进行电压平衡控制, 使其控制系统变得复杂。
世界上第一个商业化运行的 MMC-HVDC工程是美国的传斯贝尔 (TBC) 工程, 其额定容量为 400MW, 直流电压 ±200kV, 每个换流器桥臂中有 216个 子模块。此外,将于 2013年建成的法国到西班牙的 MMC-HVDC工程 INELFE, 额定容量为 2 X 1000MW。 在实际工程投运之前, 非常有必要对 MMC模型进行 电磁暂态仿真以验证所设计控制算法和选择的系统参数的合理性, 且仿真高频 开关器件动作过程时, 必须设置较短的仿真步长, 否则严重影响仿真精度, 但 是在 PSCAD/EMTDC平台下仿真具有高达数千个子模块的换流器时, 将变得非 常困难。 此处以双端系统具有 3000个子模块为例, 经仿真测试并估算发现, 如 果设置仿真步长为 20微妙, 仿真时长为 5秒, 则每次仿真需要 3000小时 (125 天) 以上, 速度过于缓慢, 严重影响工作进度, 并将导致控制参数的调节与优 化及后续研究工作变得无法实现。
为解决这一问题, 有文献提出一种简化动态模型, 该模型基本保留了换流 器的对外输出特性, 但是无法精确模拟换流器中每个子模块的特性, 例如, 无 法模拟特定子模块故障情况下系统的特性; 有文献提出一种 MMC 的时变等效 戴维南电路模型, 可以在保证仿真精度的前提下显著提高 MMC 的仿真速度, 但是其只考虑了子模块结构为半桥的 MMC换流器, 如果将其应用于子模块结 构为全桥的 MMC及其它换流器结构时, 同样需要复杂的用户自定义才可以实现, 无法利用 PSCAD/EMTDC的库元件从原有模型直接改造, 因此其通用性和扩展 性较差。 发明内容
针对上述背景技术中提到现有模块化多电平换流器仿真时间长、 通用性和 扩展性差等不足, 本发明提出了一种仿真提速电路的设计方法。
本发明的技术方案是, 一种仿真提速电路的设计方法, 其特征是该设计方 法包括以下步骤:
步骤 1 :在现有换流器全部子模块串联模型的基础上,将换流器的每个桥臂 替换为可控电压源, 并实时测量桥臂电流;
步骤 2: 将桥臂中全部子模块的正端连接同一可控电流源,全部子模块的负 端接地, 并实时测量子模块的输出电压;
步骤 3:将同一桥臂中全部子模块的输出电压求和,将其设定为可控电压源 的瞬时电压值, 将桥臂电流的测量值设定为可控电流源的电流值。
所述可控电压源的计算公式为:
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中:
z 为可控电压源的电压; usm一,为第 i个子模块端 P输出电压。 本发明可以在保证换流器和子模块的暂稳态仿真精度的前提下, 利用 PSCAD/EMTDC库元件直接从原先仿真模型进行改造,经仿真测试并对比发现, 如果利用 MMC (子模块为全桥或半桥结构)的原有模型对其在 PSCAD/EMTDC中 直接进行建模仿真, 则在同等仿真步长和仿真时长的前提下, 所需仿真用时与 子模块个数呈指数倍增长, 而本发明提出的提速模型, 其仿真用时与子模块个 数呈线性增长, 因此相比原有模型, 所提出的提速模型的提速倍数也与子模块 个数呈指数增长, 提速效果非常显著。 此外, 由于所提出的发明无需用户元件 自定义, 且便于从原有模型直接改造, 因此具有很强的通用性。 附图说明
图 1为 MMC (子模块为半桥或全桥) 的拓扑结构;
图 2为半桥 MMC的子模块拓扑结构;
图 3为全桥 MMC的子模块拓扑结构;
图 4为本发明所提出模型中 MMC的等效桥臂示意图;
图 5为本发明所提出模型中半桥 MMC桥臂中全部子模块的连接示意图; 图 6为本发明所提出模型中全桥 MMC桥臂中全部子模块的连接示意图; 图 7为本发明所提出模型中半桥结构 MMC的任意子模块的连接图; 图 8为本发明所提出模型中全桥结构 MMC的任意子模块的连接图。
图中各符号:
图 1中 A,B,C,表示 MMC换流器交流侧三相; SM1, SM2, ···, SMn,表示 MMC某桥臂中第一个子模块, 第二个子模块, …, 第"个子模块; L表示桥臂 电抗器; 表示 MMC正负极直流母线间的电压差;
图 2中 Tl, Τ2, 分别表示半桥子模块中上下两个 IGBT, Dl, D2, 分别表 示相应 IGBT的反并联二极管; 表示半桥子模块中电容器; 表示子模块电 容电压; w m表示子模块端口输出电压;
图 3中 Tl, Τ2, Τ3, Τ4分别表示全桥子模块中四个 IGBT, Dl, D2, D3,D4 分别表示相应 IGBT的反并联二极管; G表示全桥子模块中电容器; ^表示子 模块电容电压; 表示子模块端口输出电压;
图 4中 U 示 MMC等效桥臂的电流监测值; 表示 MMC等效桥臂 所对应的《个子模块的端口输出电压之和; L表示桥臂电抗器;
图 5中 I _p ase_l, I _phase_2, · · · , I_phase—n分别表示与第 1,2, ···《个子模块所连 接的可控电流源的电流值; u it …, „m—„分别表示第 1,2, …, "个 子模块的端口输出电压;
图 6中全部符号意义与图 5相同;
图 7中, 表示与第/ ( l ^ i ^ n ) 个子模块所连接的可控电流源的电 流值; 其余符号意义与图 2中相应符号相同;
图 8中全部变量意义与图 3及图 7中相应符号相同。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图, 对优选实施例作详细说明。 应该强调的是, 下述说明仅仅 是示例性的, 而不是为了限制本发明的范围及其应用。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是具有很高电平的模块化多电平换流器在 PSCAD/EMTDC 中仿真速度过慢的问题, 提供一种模块化多电平换流器在 PSCAD/EMTDC中的仿真提速模型。 本发明采用如下技术方案实现:
下面对模块化多电平换流器在 PSCAD EMTDC中的仿真提速模型进行详细 说明。
图 i为 MMC的拓扑结构, 图 2和图 3为其两种可选择的子模块拓扑, 在 原先仿真过程中, 需要在 PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建图 1结合图 1或图 1结合图 3 所示拓扑, 全部子模块为串联连接, 当子模块数很大时, 仿真速度将变得非常 慢。 本发明将利用 PSCAD/EMTDC中库元件在原有模型基础上进行如下建模: 步骤 1 :在现有换流器全部子模块串联模型的基础上, 将换流器的每个桥臂 替换为可控电压源, 并实时测量桥臂电流;
将图 1中 MMC三相共六个桥臂均替换为如图 4中所示的等效桥臂。 其中, 电抗器 L保留, 其余全部子模块等效为一个可控电压源, 其电压值为^ ,m, 并监 测其桥臂电流 /^^,电流正方向如图 4所示。
步骤 2:将桥臂中全部子模块的正端连接同一可控电流源, 全部子模块的负 端接地, 并实时测量子模块的输出电压;
如图 5结合图 7或图 6结合图 8所示, 断开 MMC桥臂中全部子模块的电 气连接, 在第 C l ^ i ^ n 个子模块的正端口连接一个可控电流源, 其电流为 正方向如图 7和图 8所示, 负端口接地, 且满足式 (1
一 phase― i ^ _ phase ( 1 ) 其中:
;^ 为与第 个子模块连接的可控电流源的电流值;
I—phase为流过桥臂的电流值。 步骤 3:将同一桥臂中全部子模块的输出电压求和,将其设定为可控电压源 的瞬时电压值, 将桥臂电流的测量值设定为可控电流源的电流值。
步骤 1中桥臂可控电压源的电压 计算式 (2)所示:
Figure imgf000007_0001
其中:
为可控电压源的电压, 即桥臂的 η个子模块的端口输出电压之和。 也即其为步骤 2中同桥臂 "个子模块的端口输出电压之和。
usmJ为第 i个子模块端 Π输出电压。 以上所述, 仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式, 但本发明的保护范围并不局 限于此, 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内, 可轻易 想到的变化或替换, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此, 本发明的保护 范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种仿真提速电路的设计方法, 其特征是该设计方法包括以下步骤: 步骤 1 :在现有换流器全部子模块串联模型的基础上,将换流器的每个桥臂 替换为可控电压源, 并实时测量桥臂电流;
步骤 2: 将桥臂中全部子模块的正端连接同一可控电流源, 全部子模块的负 端接地, 并实时测量子模块的输出电压;
步骤 3: 将同一桥臂中全部子模块的输出电压求和,将其设定为可控电压源 的瞬时电压值, 将桥臂电流的测量值设定为可控电流源的电流值。
2.根据权利要求 1 所述的一种仿真提速电路的设计方法, 其特征是所述可 控电压源的计算公式为:
n
sum / j a i 其中:
为可控电压源的电压; Usm 为第/个子模块端口输出电压。
PCT/CN2012/000697 2011-11-04 2012-05-21 一种仿真提速电路的设计方法 WO2013063857A1 (zh)

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