WO2013047866A1 - Absorbent Article - Google Patents

Absorbent Article Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013047866A1
WO2013047866A1 PCT/JP2012/075289 JP2012075289W WO2013047866A1 WO 2013047866 A1 WO2013047866 A1 WO 2013047866A1 JP 2012075289 W JP2012075289 W JP 2012075289W WO 2013047866 A1 WO2013047866 A1 WO 2013047866A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chain hydrocarbon
top sheet
acid
hydrocarbon moiety
group
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/075289
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yuki Noda
Tatsuya Tamura
Takashi Nomoto
Takashi Onozuka
Original Assignee
Unicharm Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unicharm Corporation filed Critical Unicharm Corporation
Publication of WO2013047866A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013047866A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/51104—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin the top sheet having a three-dimensional cross-section, e.g. corrugations, embossments, recesses or projections
    • A61F13/51108—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin the top sheet having a three-dimensional cross-section, e.g. corrugations, embossments, recesses or projections the top sheet having corrugations or embossments having one axis relatively longer than the other axis, e.g. forming channels or grooves in a longitudinal direction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
    • A61F13/15707—Mechanical treatment, e.g. notching, twisting, compressing, shaping
    • A61F13/15723—Partitioning batts; Cutting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/51113—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin comprising an additive, e.g. lotion or odour control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/512—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations
    • A61F13/5121—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations characterised by the vertical shape of the apertures, e.g. three dimensional apertures, e.g. macro-apertures

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an absorbent article.
  • Absorbent articles are known that employ polyolefin films as top sheets, having a plurality of openings formed therein for permeation of body fluids from a wearer (PTL 1, for example) .
  • the body fluids from the wearer are absorbed into the absorbent body through the openings.
  • embodiments of the invention provide an absorbent article comprising a liquid-permeable top sheet provided on the skin facing side, a liquid- impermeable back sheet provided on the non-skin facing side and a liquid-retaining absorbent body provided between the top sheet and back sheet, wherein at least a portion of at least the skin facing side surface of the top sheet is formed of a resin film having a lubricant layer formed on the skin facing side surface, and the lubricant layer is water-repellent and/or oil-repellent.
  • Fig. 1 is a partial cutaway plan view showing an absorbent article according to a first embodiment of the invention .
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cross-section of the absorbent article of Fig. 1 along line A-A.
  • Fig. 3 is an illustration of the top sheet of an absorbent article according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is an illustration of a method for producing the top sheet of an absorbent article according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is set of illustrations of a recess-forming roll to be used in a method for producing the top sheet of an absorbent article according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a pair of illustrations of a stretching gear roll to be used in a method for producing the top sheet of an absorbent article according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 is an illustration of a resin film to be stretched by a stretching gear roll.
  • Fig. 8 is a set of illustrations showing the form of the resin film as it changes in each step of a method for producing the top sheet of an absorbent article according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a set of photomicrographs showing the top sheet of an absorbent article according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 10 is an illustration of the top sheet of an absorbent article according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 11 is an illustration of a method for producing the top sheet of an absorbent article according to the second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 12 is an illustration of a composite sheet to be stretched by a stretching gear roll.
  • Fig. 13 is a set of photomicrographs of the skin facing side of a top sheet where openings have been formed in the resin film layer.
  • Fig. 14 is a pair of photomicrographs of the non- skin facing side of a top sheet where openings have been formed in the resin film layer.
  • Fig. 15 is an illustration of a modified example of the top sheet of an absorbent article according to at least one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a pair of illustrations of a modified example of the top sheet of an absorbent article
  • Fig. 17 is an illustration of a modified example of a top sheet according to at least one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 18 is a set of photomicrographs taken of surfaces of examples and comparative examples.
  • Fig. 19 is a set of photographs showing the
  • Fig. 20 is a set of photographs showing the
  • Fig. 21 is a set of photographs showing the condition of surfaces of examples and comparative
  • Fig. 22 is an electron micrograph of the skin contact surface of a top sheet in a sanitary napkin wherein the top sheet comprises tri-C2L oil fatty acid glycerides .
  • Fig. 23 is a pair of photomicrographs of menstrual blood containing and not containing a blood modifying agent.
  • Fig. 24 is a diagram illustrating a method of measuring surface tension.
  • Fig. 1 is partial cutaway plan view showing an absorbent article according to the first embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cross-section of the absorbent article of Fig. 1 along line A-A
  • the absorbent article 1 comprises a liquid-permeable top sheet 2A provided on the skin facing side, a liquid-impermeable back sheet 3 provided on the non-skin facing side, and a liquid-retaining absorbent body 4 provided between the top sheet 2A and back sheet 3.
  • the back sheet 3 extends outwardly in the widthwise direction to form a pair of wing sections 5 and an attachment part 6 is provided on the non-skin facing side of the wing section 5.
  • the widthwise direction of the absorbent article 1 is the X-direction, and the lengthwise
  • the planar direction of the absorbent article 1 is the XY direction.
  • the top sheet 2A transports body fluid such as urine and menstrual blood that has been excreted from a wearer into the absorbent body 4. At least a portion of the top sheet 2A is liquid-permeable and the top sheet 2A is formed for example of a resin film that has numerous openings formed for permeation of body fluid.
  • the resin film used as the top sheet 2A may comprise a copolymer of an olefin and another monomer such as an acrylic acid ester or vinyl acetate, or a polyolefin, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, cellulose acetate or the like.
  • the resin film to be used as the top sheet 2 is most preferably a copolymer of an olefin and another monomer, or a
  • the basis weight of the top sheet 2A is preferably at least 1 g/m 2 and no greater than 40 g/m 2 , and more preferably at least 10 g/m 2 and no greater than 35 g/m 2 .
  • the thickness of the top sheet 2A is preferably at least 0.01 mm and no greater than 0.4 mm, and more preferably at least 0.1 mm and no greater than 0.35 mm. If the thickness of the top sheet 2A is less than 0.01 mm, the concealing property of the top sheet 2A,
  • stiffness of the top sheet 2A may be increased and irritation by the top sheet 2A on the skin of the wearer may be too strong.
  • the top sheet 2A preferably has a concealing
  • the concealing property of the top sheet 2A may be produced for example by mixing a filler such as titanium oxide in a resin.
  • the filler is titanium oxide
  • the titanium oxide content is preferably at least 1% and no greater than 50%, and more preferably at least 3% and no greater than 15%, with respect to the weight of the resin film. If the titanium oxide content is less than 1% with respect to the weight of the resin film, the concealing effect of the top sheet 2A for body fluids absorbed into the absorbent body 4 may be too small. If the titanium oxide content exceeds 50% of the weight of the resin film, it may become difficult to form a sheet from the titanium oxide-containing resin.
  • the top sheet 2A is formed in such that the
  • the top sheet 2A may also be formed such that the cross-section is essentially undulating in the lengthwise direction.
  • the top sheet 2A may also be formed such that the cross-section is
  • top sheet 2A This will allow the top sheet 2A to be flattened as the essentially undulating shape of the top sheet 2A is deformed by pressure applied to the surface of the top sheet 2A when body fluid such as menstrual blood is wiped off by the wearer using toilet paper or the like, thereby facilitating the act of wiping off body fluid that has adhered onto the surface of the top sheet 2A.
  • top sheet 2A will now be explained in greater detail with reference to Fig. 3.
  • the top sheet 2A formed such that the widthwise cross-section is essentially undulating, in this
  • protrusions 21A extend are not limited to the
  • the protrusions 21A each has a top section 23A that contacts with the skin of the wearer, and wall sections 24A on the sides.
  • the height of the protrusions 21A in the thickness direction i.e. the difference in height between the top sections 23A and bottom sections 22A in the thickness direction, is preferably at least 0.1 mm and no greater than 5 mm. If the difference in height between the top sections 23A and bottom sections 22A in the thickness direction is less than 0.1 mm, body fluid that has been absorbed into the absorbent body 4 may flow back through the openings 25A of the top sheet 2, which are described hereunder. If the difference in height between the top sections 23A and bottom sections 22A in the thickness direction is greater than 5 mm, the protrusions 21A may collapse when the absorbent article 1 is worn by the wearer.
  • the wall sections 24A are preferably slanted instead of perpendicular with respect to the bottom sections 22A. That is, the angle formed between the bottom sections 22A and wall sections 24A is preferably greater than 90°.
  • the angle formed between the bottom sections 22A and wall sections 24A is also preferably no greater than 165°. Forming an angle between the bottom sections 22A and wall sections 24A of 90° or smaller requires a large degree of plastic deformation of the resin film, and therefore the strength of the top sheet 2A can be
  • the wall sections 24A of the top sheet 2A have a plurality of openings 25A arranged in the direction of the protrusions, i.e., the direction extending along each of the protrusions 21A (lengthwise direction) .
  • openings 25A are holes passing through the top sheet 2A, and body fluid of the wearer is absorbed into the
  • each opening 25A The open area of each opening 25A is preferably at least 0.001 mm 2 and no greater than 1 mm 2 , and more preferably at least 0.01 mm 2 and no greater than 0.1 mm 2 . If the open area of each opening 25A is smaller than 0.001 mm 2 , body fluid of the wearer may not pass through the openings 25A, and if the open area of each opening 25A is greater than 1 mm 2 , body fluid that has been absorbed into the absorbent body 4 may flow back through the openings 25A of the top sheet 2A, or body fluid that has been absorbed into the
  • absorbent body 4 may become visible through the openings 25A, thus reducing the concealing property of the top sheet 2A.
  • openings 25A with respect to the entire area of the top sheet 2A i.e., the open area ratio of the top sheet 2A
  • the open area ratio of the top sheet 2A is preferably at least 5% and no greater than 20%. If the open area ratio of the top sheet 2A is lower than 5%, permeability of the body fluid in the top sheet 2A may be poor, and if the open area ratio of the top sheet 2A is greater than 20%, body fluid that has been absorbed into the absorbent body 4 may flow back through the openings
  • top sheet 2A or body fluid that has been absorbed into the absorbent body 4 may become visible through the openings 25A, thus reducing the concealing property of the top sheet 2A.
  • the openings 25A are formed from the vicinity of the top sections 23A to the vicinity of the bottom sections 22A.
  • the top sections 23A of the top sheet 2A in this embodiment each have a plurality of recesses 26A arranged in the direction extending along each of the protrusions 21A (lengthwise direction) .
  • the shapes of the recesses 26A in the planar direction may be rhomboid, for example, with rhomboid side lengths of 0.15 mm, for example, and a center-to-center distance between adjacent recesses of 0.34 mm, for example.
  • the shapes of the recesses 26A in the planar direction are not limited to being rhomboid, and may instead be square, rectangular, triangular, circular, star-shaped, linear (straight linear) or the like.
  • the sizes of the recesses 26A are not limited to 0.15 mm x 0.15 mm, and the center-to-center distance between adjacent recesses is not limited to 0.34 mm.
  • the depths of the recesses 26A are not particularly restricted so long as they are depths such that the skin of the wearer does not contact the bottoms of the
  • the bottom sections 22A of the top sheet 2A may also have a
  • the recesses 26A formed on the top sections 23A reduce the contact area of the top sections 23A that directly contacts with the skin of the wearer, and this reduces sticking of the absorbent article 1 onto the skin during wearing, and minimizes discomfort and itching of the wearer or skin trouble such as eruptions by the wearer.
  • the lubricant described hereunder may also be contained in the recesses 26A. As a result, the lubricant will remain in the recesses 26A even after body fluid such as menstrual blood adhering to the top sheet 2A has been wiped off with toilet paper or the like, and the lubricant remaining in the recesses 26A will spread on the surface of the top sheet 2A, thus allowing
  • a lubricant is coated on the surface of the top sheet 2A to form a lubricant layer 27A on the skin facing side surface of the top sheet 2A.
  • the lubricant layer 27A may be formed over the entire top sheet 2A, or the lubricant layer 27A may be formed on the top sheet 2A only at the regions corresponding to the areas of the absorbent article 1 where body fluid of the wearer will be excreted.
  • the lubricant layer 27A may be formed on at least a portion of the surface of the top sheet 2A.
  • the lubricant layer 27A is water-repellent and/or oil-repellent.
  • the lubricant of the lubricant layer 27A is not particularly restricted so long as it is a
  • the lubricant of the lubricant layer 27A is more preferably a blood modifying agent.
  • the blood modifying agent has an Inorganic-Organic
  • the melting point of the blood modifying agent is no higher than 45°C, the blood modifying agent becomes liquefied upon contact with body fluid at 30°C to 40°C, even if the blood modifying agent is a solid. Since the liquid blood modifying agent is present between the body fluid and the top sheet 2A, it makes it possible to obtain low residue of body fluid, or no residue of body fluid, after body fluid adhering to the top sheet 2A has been wiped off with toilet paper or the like.
  • the blood modifying agent has a mechanism of lowering the viscosity and surface tension of blood.
  • the IOB is an indicator of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, and as used herein, it is the value calculated by the following formula by Oda et al.:
  • IOB inorganic value/organic value.
  • the inorganic value and the organic value are based on the organic paradigm described in "Organic compound predictions and organic paradigms" by Fujita A., Kagaku no Ryoiki (Journal of Japanese Chemistry), Vol.11, No.10 (1957) p.719-725 which is incorporated by reference herein.
  • the IOB is about 0.00- 0.60, preferably about 0.00-0.50, more preferably about 0.00-0.40 and even more preferably about 0.00-0.30. This is because a lower IOB is associated with higher
  • melting point refers to the peak top temperature for the endothermic peak during conversion from solid to liquid, upon measurement with a differential scanning calorimetry analyzer at a
  • the melting point may be measured using a Model DSC-60 DSC measuring apparatus by Shimadzu Corp., for example.
  • the blood modifying agent has a melting point of no higher than about 45°C, it may be either liquid or solid at room temperature, or in other words, the melting point may be either about 25°C or higher or below about 25°C, and for example, it may have a melting point of about -5°C or about -20°C.
  • the reason for a melting point of no higher than about 45°C for the blood modifying agent will be explained below.
  • the blood modifying agent does not have a lower limit for the melting point, but the vapor pressure is preferably low.
  • modifying agent is preferably about 0.00-0.01 Pa, more preferably about 0.000-0.001 Pa and even more preferably about 0.0000-0.0001 Pa, at 1 atmosphere, 25°C.
  • the vapor pressure is preferably about 0.00-0.01 Pa, more
  • vapor pressure is high, gasification may occur during storage and the amount of blood modifying agent may be reduced, and may create problems such as odor during wear .
  • the melting point of the blood modifying agent may also differ depending on the weather or duration of wear. For example, in regions with a mean atmospheric
  • using a blood modifying agent with a melting point of no higher than about 10°C may allow the blood modifying agent to stably modify blood after excretion of menstrual blood, even if it has been cooled by the ambient temperature.
  • the melting point of the blood modifying agent is preferably at the high end of the range of no higher than about 45°C. This is because the blood modifying agent is not easily affected by sweat or friction during wearing, and will not easily migrate even during prolonged wearing.
  • the water solubility of 0.00-0.05 g may be measured by adding 0.05 g of sample to 100 g of deionized water at 25°C, allowing it to stand for 24 hours, and after 24 hours, gently stirring if necessary, and then visually evaluating whether or not the sample has dissolved.
  • solubility in regard to water solubility includes cases where the sample
  • top sheet surfaces are coated with surfactants in order to alter the surface tension of blood and promote the rapid absorption of blood, because
  • surfactants generally have high water solubility, the surfactant-coated top sheet is highly miscible with hydrophilic components (such as blood plasma) in the blood and therefore, instead, blood residue tends to remain on the top sheet.
  • the aforementioned blood modifying agent has low water solubility, and therefore, blood residue does not remain on the top sheet and allows rapid migration into the absorbent body.
  • water solubility As used herein, a water solubility of water at 25°C may be simply referred to as "water solubility".
  • weight-average molecular weight includes the concept of a polydisperse compound (for example, a compound produced by stepwise polymerization, an ester formed from a plurality of fatty acids and a , plurality of aliphatic monohydric alcohols) , and a simple compound (for example, an ester formed from one fatty acid and one aliphatic monohydric alcohol) , and in a system comprising ⁇ molecules with molecular weight Mi (i
  • the weight-average molecular weights are the values measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) , based on polystyrene.
  • the GPC measuring conditions may be the following, for example.
  • weight-average molecular weights listed in the examples of the present specification were measured under the conditions described below.
  • the blood modifying agents is selected from the group consisting of the following items (i)- (iii) , and any combination thereof:
  • hydrocarbon moiety and (iii-3) one or more groups each selected from the group consisting of carboxyl group (- COOH) and hydroxyl group (-OH) substituting a hydrogen of the hydrocarbon moiety.
  • hydrocarbon refers to a compound composed of carbon and hydrogen, and it may be a chain hydrocarbon, such as a paraffinic hydrocarbon (containing no double bond or triple bond, also referred to as alkane) , an olefin-based hydrocarbon (containing one double bond, also referred to as alkene) , an acetylene- based hydrocarbon (containing one triple bond, also referred to as alkyne) , or a hydrocarbon comprising two or more bonds each selected from the group consisting of double bonds and triple bonds, and cyclic hydrocarbon, such as aromatic hydrocarbons and alxcyclic hydrocarbons.
  • a paraffinic hydrocarbon containing no double bond or triple bond, also referred to as alkane
  • alkene olefin-based hydrocarbon
  • alkyne containing one triple bond
  • hydrocarbon comprising two or more bonds each selected from the group consisting of double bonds and triple bonds
  • cyclic hydrocarbon such as aromatic hydrocarbons and alxcyclic hydrocarbons.
  • hydrocarbons and alicyclic hydrocarbons with chain hydrocarbons being more preferred, paraffinic
  • hydrocarbons olefin-based hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons with two or more double bonds (containing no triple bond) being more preferred, and paraffinic hydrocarbons being even more preferred.
  • Chain hydrocarbons include linear hydrocarbons and branched hydrocarbons.
  • a blood modifying agent with carboxyl groups can increase the IOB value to more than about 0.6 during use, potentially lowering the affinity with blood cells.
  • the blood modifying agent is a compound selected from the group consisting of the following items (i')-(iii'), and any combination thereof:
  • hydrocarbon moiety and (ii'-2) one or more bonds each selected from the group consisting of carbonyl bond (-CO- ), at least one ester bond (-C00-) , at least one
  • hydrocarbon and (iii '-3) one or more groups each
  • bonds are inserted in the compound of (ii 1 ) or (iii') / i.e., when 2 or more bonds each selected from the group consisting of carbonyl bonds (-CO-) , ester bonds (-C00-) , carbonate bonds (-0C00-) and ether bonds (-0-) are inserted, the bonds are not adjacent to each other, and at least one carbon atom lies between each of the bonds.
  • the blood modifying agent is more preferably a compound with no more than about 1.8 carbonyl bonds (-CO- ), no more than 2 ester bonds (-C00-), no more than about 1.5 carbonate bonds (-0C00-) , no more than about 6 ether bonds (-0-), no more than about 0.8 carboxyl groups (- COOH) and/or no more than about 1.2 hydroxyl groups (- OH) , per 10 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon moiety.
  • the blood modifying agent is selected from the group consisting of the following items (A) -(F), and any combination thereof:
  • the (A) ester of (Al) a compound having a chain hydrocarbon moiety and 2-4 hydroxyl groups substituting hydrogens on the chain hydrocarbon moiety, and (A2) a compound having a chain hydrocarbon moiety and 1 carboxyl group substituting a hydrogen on the chain hydrocarbon moiety includes esters of a compound with 4, 3 or 2 hydroxyl groups and a compound with 1 carboxyl group, and it is not necessary for all of the hydroxyl groups to be esterified so long as the IOB, melting point and water solubility are within the aforementioned ranges.
  • chain hydrocarbon tetraols such as alkanetetraols, including
  • alkanetriols including glycerins, and chain hydrocarbon diols such as alkanediols, including glycols.
  • chain hydrocarbon diols such as alkanediols, including glycols.
  • (A2) a compound having a chain hydrocarbon moiety and 1 carboxyl group substituting a hydrogen on the chain hydrocarbon moiety (hereunder also referred to as
  • compound (A2) include compounds in which one hydrogen on the hydrocarbon is substituted with one carboxyl group
  • (-COOH) such as fatty acids.
  • Examples for compound (A) include (ai) an ester of a chain hydrocarbon tetraol and at least one fatty acid,
  • Examples of an ester of a chain hydrocarbon tetraol and at least one fatty acid include tetraesters of pentaerythritol and fatty acids, represented by the following formula (1) :
  • diesters of pentaerythritol and fatty acids represented by the following formula (3) :
  • F ⁇ -R each represent a chain
  • pentaerythritol and fatty acids are not particularly restricted as long as the pentaerythritol and fatty acid esters satisfy the
  • saturated fatty acids such as C2-C30 saturated fatty acids, including acetic acid (C 2 ) (C 2 representing the number of carbons, corresponding to the number of carbons of each of B C , R 2 C, R 3 C or R 4 C, same hereunder) , propanoic acid (C 3 ) , butanoic acid (C 4 ) and isomers thereof such as 2-methylpropanoic acid (C 4 ) , pentanoic acid (C 5 ) and isomers thereof such as 2-methylbutanoic acid (C 5 ) and 2 , 2-dimethylpropanoic acid (C 5 ) , hexanoic acid ( e) , heptanoic acid (C 7 ) , octanoic acid (C 8 ) and isomers thereof, such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid (C 8 ) , nonanoic acid (Cg) , decanoic
  • eicosanoic acid (C 2 o) , docosanoic acid (C22) , tetracosanoic acid (C 24 ) , hexacosanoic acid (C 2 6) , octacosanoic acid (C 2 8) and triacontanoic acid (C 30 ) , as well as isomers of the foregoing (excluding those mentioned above) .
  • the fatty acid may also be an unsaturated fatty acid.
  • unsaturated fatty acids include C3-C20 unsaturated fatty acids, such as monounsaturated fatty acids including crotonic acid (C 4 ) , myristoleic acid (C14) , palmitoleic acid (Ci6) , oleic acid (Cis) , elaidic acid (Cis) , vaccenic acid (Cia) , gadoleic acid (C 2 o) and eicosenoic acid ( C20 ) / di-unsaturated fatty acids
  • monounsaturated fatty acids including crotonic acid (C 4 ) , myristoleic acid (C14) , palmitoleic acid (Ci6) , oleic acid (Cis) , elaidic acid (Cis) , vaccenic acid (Cia) , gadoleic acid (C 2 o) and eicoseno
  • linolic acid Ci 8
  • eicosadienoic acid C20
  • tri-unsaturated fatty acids including linolenic acids, such as cc-linolenic acid (Ci 8 ) and ⁇ -linolenic acid (Ci 8 ) , pinolenic acid ⁇ C 18 )
  • eleostearic acids such as a- eleostearic acid (Ci 8 ) and ⁇ -eleostearic acid (Ci 8 )
  • Mead acid C20 dihomo-y-linolenic acid (C 2 o) and
  • eicosatrienoic acid C20
  • tetra-unsaturated fatty acids including stearidonic acid (C 2 o) , arachidonic acid ( C20 ) and eicosatetraenoic acid ( C20 ) / penta-unsaturated fatty acids including bosseopentaenoic acid (Cis) and
  • the ester of pentaerythritol and a fatty acid is preferably an ester of pentaerythritol and a fatty acid, which is derived from a saturated fatty acid, i.e., an ester of pentaerythritol and a saturated fatty acid.
  • ester of pentaerythritol and a fatty acid is preferably a diester, triester or
  • tetraester more preferably a triester or tetraester, and even more preferably a tetraester.
  • the IOB is 0.60 if the total number of carbons of the fatty acid composing the tetraester of the
  • pentaerythritol and fatty acid i.e., the total number of carbons of the R 1 C, R 2 C, R 3 C and R C portions in formula (1), is 15.
  • pentaerythritol and fatty acid is approximately 15 or greater, the IOB satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • tetraesters of pentaerythritol and fatty acids examples include tetraesters of pentaerythritol with
  • hexanoic acid ( e) hexanoic acid ( e) , heptanoic acid (C 7 ) , octanoic acid (Ce) such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid (Ce) , nonanoic acid (C 9 ) , decanoic acid (Ci 0 ) and/or dodecanoic acid (Ci 2 ) .
  • the IOB is 0.58 if the total number of carbons of the fatty acid composing the triester of the pentaerythritol and fatty acid, i.e., the total number of carbons of the i ⁇ C, R 2 C and R 3 C portions in formula (2), is 19.
  • the IOB satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • the IOB is 0.59 if the total number of carbons of the fatty acid composing the diester of the pentaerythritol and fatty acid, i.e., the total number of carbons of the
  • R X C or R 2 C portion in formula (3) is 22.
  • the IOB satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • the IOB is 0.60 if the total number of carbons of the fatty acid composing the monoester of the pentaerythritol and fatty acid, i.e., the total number of carbons of the
  • R ⁇ C portion in formula (4) is 25.
  • the IOB satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • pentaerythritol and fatty acids include UNISTAR H-408BRS and H-2408BRS-22 (mixed product) (both products of NOF
  • esters of a chain hydrocarbon triol and at least one fatty acid examples include triesters of glycerin and fatty acids, represented by formula (5) :
  • R 5 -R 7 each represent a chain hydrocarbon.
  • the fatty acid composing the ester of glycerin and a fatty acid is not particularly restricted as long as the ester of glycerin and a fatty acid satisfies the conditions for the IOB, melting point and water solubility, and for example, there may be mentioned that the fatty acids mentioned for the " (ai)
  • Ester of chain hydrocarbon tetraol and at least one fatty acids namely saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, and in consideration of the potential for degradation by oxidation and the like, the ester is preferably a glycerin and fatty acid ester, which is derived from a saturated fatty acid, i.e., an ester of glycerin and a saturated fatty acid.
  • the ester of glycerin and a fatty acid is preferably a diester or triester, and more preferably a triester.
  • a triester of glycerin and a fatty acid is also known as a triglyceride, and examples include triesters of glycerin and octanoic acid (Cs) , triesters of glycerin and decanoic acid (Ci 0 ) , triesters of glycerin and
  • dodecanoic acid (Ci 2 ) , triesters of glycerin and 2 or more different fatty acids, and mixtures of the foregoing.
  • triesters of glycerin and 2 or more fatty acids include triesters of glycerin with octanoic acid (Cs) and decanoic acid (Cio) , triesters of glycerin with octanoic acid (C g ) , decanoic acid (Cio) and
  • dodecanoic acid C i2
  • triesters of glycerin with octanoic acid C 8
  • decanoic acid Ci 0
  • preferred triesters of glycerin and fatty acids are those with no more than about 40 as the total number of carbons of the fatty acid composing the triester of glycerin and the fatty acid, i.e., the total number of carbons of the RC, R 6 C and R 7 C portions in formula (5) .
  • the IOB value is 0.60 when the total number of carbons of the fatty acid composing the triester of glycerin and the fatty acid, i.e., the total number of carbons of the RC, R 6 C and R 7 C portions in formula (5), is 12.
  • the total number of carbons of the fatty acid comprising the triester of the glycerin and fatty acid is 12.
  • the IOB satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • Triesters of glycerin and fatty acids being
  • triesters of glycerin and fatty acids include tri-coconut fatty acid glycerides,
  • NA36, PANACET 800, PANACET 800B and PANACET 81OS, and tri-C2L oil fatty acid glycerides and tri-CL oil fatty acid glycerides all products of NOF Corp.
  • a diester of glycerin and a fatty acid is also known as a diglyceride, and examples include diesters of glycerin and decanoic acid (C 10 ) , diesters of glycerin and dodecanoic acid (C12) , diesters of glycerin and
  • hexadecanoic acid (Ci 6 ) , diesters of glycerin and 2 or more different fatty acids, and mixtures of the
  • the IOB is 0.58 if the total number of carbons of the fatty acid composing the diester of the glycerin and fatty acid, i.e., the total number of carbons of the R 5 C and R 6 C portions in formula (6), is 16.
  • the IOB satisfies the condition of being about
  • Monoesters of glycerin and fatty acids are also known as monoglycerides, and examples include glycerin and icosanoic acid (C 2 o) monoester, and glycerin and docosanoic acid (C22) monoester.
  • the IOB is 0.59 if the number of carbons of the fatty acid composing the monoester of the glycerin and fatty acid,
  • the number of carbons of the R 5 C portion in formula (7) is 19.
  • the IOB satisfies the condition of being about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • Examples of an ester of a chain hydrocarbon diol and at least one fatty acid include monoesters and diesters of fatty acids with C 2 -C6 chain hydrocarbon diols, such as C2 _ C 6 glycols, including ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol and hexylene glycol.
  • examples of an ester of a chain hydrocarbon diol and at least one fatty acid include diesters of C 2 -C6 glycols and fatty acids, represented by the following formula (8) :
  • k represents an integer of 2-6, and R 8 and R 9 each represent a chain hydrocarbon
  • k represents an integer of 2-6, and R 8 is a chain hydrocarbon.
  • the fatty acid to be esterified in an ester of a C 2 - C 6 glycol and a fatty acid is not particularly restricted as long as the ester of the C 2 -C 6 glycol and fatty acid satisfies the conditions for the IOB, melting point and water solubility, and for example, there may be mentioned that the fatty acids mentioned for the " (ai) Ester of a chain hydrocarbon tetraol and at least one fatty acid", namely saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, and in consideration of the potential for degradation by oxidation and the like, it is preferably a saturated fatty acid.
  • IOB is 0.60 when the total number of carbons of the R 8 C and R 9 C portions is 6.
  • the IOB satisfies the condition of being about 0.00-0.60.
  • IOB is 0.57 when the number of carbons of the R 8 C portion is 12.
  • the IOB satisfies the condition of being about 0.00-0.60.
  • the ester of the C2-C6 glycol and fatty acid is preferably a C2-C6 glycol and fatty acid ester, which is derived from a saturated fatty acid, i.e., an ester of a C 2 -C6 glycol and a saturated fatty acid.
  • the ester of the C 2 -C6 glycol and fatty acid is preferably a glycol and fatty acid ester derived from a glycol with a greater number of carbons, such as an ester of a glycol and a fatty acid derived from butylene glycol, pentylene glycol or hexylene glycol.
  • the ester of a C 2 -C 6 glycol and fatty acid is preferably a diester.
  • Examples of commercial products of esters of C 2 -C 6 glycols and fatty acids include COMPOL BL and COMPOL BS (both products of NOF Corp.).
  • the (B) ether of (Bl) a compound having a chain hydrocarbon moiety and 2-4 hydroxyl groups substituting hydrogens on the chain hydrocarbon moiety and (B2) a compound having a chain hydrocarbon moiety and 1 hydroxyl group substituting a hydrogen on the chain hydrocarbon moiety includes ethers of a compound with 4, 3 or 2 hydroxyl groups and a compound with 1 hydroxyl group, and it is not necessary for all of the hydroxyl groups to be etherified as long as the IOB, melting point and water solubility are within the aforementioned ranges.
  • compound (Bl) include those mentioned for “compound (A)",)” as compound (Al), such as pentaerythritol, glycerin and glycol.
  • hydrocarbon moiety and 1 hydroxyl group substituting a hydrogen on the chain hydrocarbon moiety include compounds wherein 1 hydrogen on the hydrocarbon is substituted with 1 hydroxyl group (-OH) , such as aliphatic monohydric alcohols, including saturated aliphatic monohydric alcohols and unsaturated aliphatic monohydric alcohols.
  • saturated aliphatic monohydric alcohols include C 1 -C2 0 saturated aliphatic monohydric alcohols, such as methyl alcohol (Ci) (Ci representing the number of carbon atoms, same hereunder) , ethyl alcohol (C 2 ) , propyl alcohol (C 3 ) and isomers thereof, including isopropyl alcohol (C 3 ) , butyl alcohol (C 4 ) and isomers thereof, including sec-butyl alcohol (C 4 ) and tert-butyl alcohol (C 4 ) , pentyl alcohol (C 5 ) , hexyl alcohol (C 6 ) , heptyl alcohol (C 7 ) , octyl alcohol (Cs) and isomers thereof, including 2-ethylhexyl alcohol (C 8 ) , nonyl alcohol (C 9 ) , decyl alcohol (C 10 ) , dodecyl alcohol (C 12 ) , t
  • Examples for compound (B) include (bi) an ether of a chain hydrocarbon tetraol and at least one aliphatic monohydric alcohol, such as monoethers, diethers,
  • triethers and tetraethers preferably diethers, triethers and tetraethers, more preferably triethers and
  • monohydric alcohols such as monoethers and diethers, and preferably diethers.
  • Examples of an ether of a chain hydrocarbon tetraol and at least one aliphatic monohydric alcohols include tetraethers, triethers, diethers and monoethers of pentaerythritol and aliphatic monohydric alcohols, represented by the following formulae (10) -(13):
  • R 10 -R 13 each represent a chain hydrocarbon.
  • Examples of an ether of a chain hydrocarbon triol and at least one aliphatic monohydric alcohol include triethers, diethers and monoethers of glycerin and aliphatic monohydric alcohols, represented by the
  • R 14 ⁇ R 16 each represent a chain hydrocarbon.
  • Examples of an ether of a chain hydrocarbon diol and at least one aliphatic monohydric alcohol include
  • n is an integer of 2-6, and R 17 and R 18 are each a chain hydrocarbon,
  • n is an integer of 2-6, and R 17 is a chain hydrocarbon.
  • the IOB is 0.44 when the total number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monohydric alcohol composing the tetraether of pentaerythritol and the aliphatic monohydric alcohol, i.e., the total number of carbon atoms of the R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and R 13 portions in formula (10), is 4.
  • the total number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monohydric alcohol i.e., the total number of carbon atoms of the R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and R 13 portions in formula (10)
  • composing a tetraether of pentaerythritol and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol is approximately 4 or greater, the IOB value satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • the IOB is 0.57 when the total number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monohydric alcohol composing the triether of pentaerythritol and the
  • aliphatic monohydric alcohol i.e., the total number of carbon atoms of the R 10 , R 11 and R 12 portions in formula (11), is 9.
  • the IOB value satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • the IOB is 0.60 when the total number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monohydric alcohol composing the diether of pentaerythritol and the
  • aliphatic monohydric alcohol i.e., the total number of carbon atoms of the R 10 and R 11 portions in formula (12).
  • the IOB value satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • the IOB is 0.59 when the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monohydric alcohol
  • pentaerythritol and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol is approximately 22 or greater, the IOB value satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • the IOB is 0.50 when the total number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monohydric alcohol composing the triether of glycerin and the aliphatic monohydric alcohol, i.e., the total number of carbon atoms of the R 14 , R 15 and R 16 portions in formula (14), is 3.
  • the total number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monohydric alcohol comprising a triether of glycerin and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol is
  • the IOB value satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • the IOB is 0.58 when the total number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monohydric alcohol composing the diether of glycerin and the aliphatic monohydric alcohol, i.e., the total number of carbon atoms of the R 14 and R 15 portions in formula (15), is 9.
  • the total number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monohydric alcohol comprising a diether of glycerin and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol is
  • the IOB value satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • the IOB is 0.58 when the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monohydric alcohol
  • aliphatic monohydric alcohol is approximately 16 or greater, the IOB value satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • the IOB is 0.33 when the total number of carbon atoms of the R 17 and R 18 portions is 2.
  • the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monohydric alcohol represented by formula (17)
  • the IOB value satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • the IOB value satisfies the condition of being within about 0.00 to 0.60.
  • Compound (B) may be produced by dehydrating
  • compound (C) includes esters of a compound with 4, 3 or 2 carboxyl groups and a compound with 1 hydroxyl group, and it is not necessary for all of the carboxyl groups to be esterified so long as the IOB, melting point and water solubility are within the aforementioned ranges.
  • Examples of (CI) a carboxylic acid, hydroxy acid, alkoxy acid or oxoacid comprising a chain hydrocarbon moiety and 2-4 carboxyl groups substituting hydrogens on the chain hydrocarbon moiety include chain hydrocarbons
  • hydrocarbon carboxylic acids with 2-4 carboxyl groups such as chain hydrocarbon dicarboxylic acids including alkanedicarboxylic acids such as ethanedioic acid, propanedioic acid, butanedioic acid, pentanedioic acid, hexanedioic acid, heptanedioic acid, octanedioic acid, nonanedioic acid and decanedioic acid, chain hydrocarbon tricarboxylic acids, including alkanetricarboxylic acids such as propanetrioic acid, butanetrioic acid,
  • decanetrioic acid and chain hydrocarbon tetracarboxylic acids, including alkanetetracarboxylic acids such as butanetetraoic acid, pentanetetraoic acid, hexanetetraoic acid, heptanetetraoic acid, octanetetraoic acid,
  • nonanetetraoic acid and decanetetraoic acid are nonanetetraoic acid and decanetetraoic acid.
  • Compound (CI) includes chain hydrocarbon hydroxy acids with 2-4 carboxyl groups, including alkoxy acids with 2-4 carboxyl groups such as malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and isocitric acid, including chain hydrocarbon alkoxy acids with 2-4 carboxyl groups, such as O-acetylcitric acid, and chain hydrocarbon oxoacids with 2-4 carboxyl groups.
  • Compounds (C2) having a chain hydrocarbon moiety and 1 hydroxyl group substituting a hydrogen on the chain hydrocarbon moiety include those mentioned for "compound (B) ", such as aliphatic monohydric alcohols.
  • Compound (C) may be (ci) an ester, for example a monoester, diester, triester or tetraester, preferably a diester, triester or tetraester, more preferably a triester or tetraester and even more preferably a
  • tetraester of a chain hydrocarbon tetracarboxylic acid, hydroxy acid, alkoxy acid or oxoacid with 4 carboxyl groups, and at least one aliphatic monohydric alcohol, (c 2 ) an ester, for example, a monoester, diester or triester, preferably a diester or triester and more preferably a triester, of a chain hydrocarbon
  • tricarboxylic acid hydroxy acid, alkoxy acid or oxoacid with 3 carboxyl groups, and at least one aliphatic monohydric alcohol
  • an ester for example, a monoester or diester, and preferably a diester, of a chain hydrocarbon dicarboxylic acid, hydroxy acid, alkoxy acid or oxoacid with 2 carboxyl groups, and at least one aliphatic monohydric alcohol.
  • Examples for compound (C) include dioctyl adipate and tributyl O-acetylcitrate, of which commercially available products exist.
  • the (D) compound having a chain hydrocarbon moiety and one bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond (-0-) , carbonyl bond (-CO-) , ester bond (-C00- ) and carbonate bond (-OCOO-) inserted in-between a C-C single bond of the chain hydrocarbon moiety may be (di) an ether of an aliphatic monohydric alcohol and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol, (d 2 ) a dialkyl ketone, (d 3 ) an ester of a fatty acid and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol, or (d 4 ) a dialkyl carbonate.
  • aliphatic monohydric alcohols include compounds having the following formula (19) :
  • R 19 and R 20 each represent a chain
  • the aliphatic monohydric alcohol composing the ether (corresponding to R 19 0H and R 20 OH in formula (19) ) is not particularly restricted so long as the ether satisfies the conditions for the IOB, melting point and water solubility, and for example, it may be one of the
  • the IOB is 0.50 when the total number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monohydric alcohols composing the ether, i.e., the total number of carbons of the R 19 and R 20 portions in formula (19), is 2, and therefore when the total number of carbons of the aliphatic monohydric alcohols comprising the ether is about 2 or greater, this condition for the IOB is
  • the total number of carbons of the aliphatic monohydric alcohols comprising the ether is about 6, the water solubility is as high as about 2 g, which is problematic from the viewpoint of vapor pressure as well.
  • the total number of carbons of the aliphatic monohydric alcohols comprising the ether is preferably about 8 or greater.
  • the dialkyl ketone may be a compound of the
  • R 21 and R 22 are each an alkyl group.
  • the IOB is 0.54 when the total number of carbon atoms of R 21 and R 22 is 5, and therefore this condition for the IOB is satisfied if the total number of carbons is about 5 or greater.
  • the total number of carbons of dialkyl ketone is preferably about 8 or greater.
  • the number of carbon atoms of dialkyl ketone is preferably about 10 or greater and more preferably about 12 or greater.
  • the melting point is approximately -50°C and the vapor pressure is about 230 Pa at 20°C.
  • the dialkyl ketone may be a commercially available product, or it may be obtained by a known method, such as by oxidation of a secondary alcohol with chromic acid or the like.
  • esters of fatty acids and aliphatic monohydric alcohols include compounds having the
  • R 23 and R 24 each represent a chain
  • R 23 COOH in formula (21) include the fatty acids mentioned for the " (ai) an ester of a chain hydrocarbon tetraol and at least one fatty acids", and specifically these include saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, with saturated fatty acids being preferred in consideration of the potential for
  • the aliphatic monohydric alcohol composing the ester (corresponding to R 24 OH in formula (21) ) may be one of the aliphatic
  • the IOB is 0.60 when the total number of carbon atoms of the fatty acid and aliphatic monohydric alcohol.
  • the total number of carbon atoms of the R 23 C and R 24 portion in formula (21) is 5, and therefore this condition for the IOB is satisfied when the total number of carbon atoms of the R 23 C and R 24 portion is about 5 or greater.
  • the vapor pressure is high at greater than 2000 Pa. In consideration of vapor pressure, therefore, the total number of carbon atoms is preferably about 12 or greater. If the total number of carbon atoms is about 11 or greater, it will be possible to satisfy the condition of a water solubility of about 0.00-0.05 g.
  • esters of such fatty acids and aliphatic monohydric alcohols include esters of dodecanoic acid (C i2 ) and dodecyl alcohol (C12) and esters of tetradecanoic acid (Ci 4 ) and dodecyl alcohol (C12) , and examples of commercial products of esters of such fatty acids and aliphatic monohydric alcohols include ELECTOL WE20 and
  • the dialkyl carbonate may be a compound of the following formula (22):
  • R 25 and R 26 are each an alkyl group.
  • the IOB is 0.57 when the total number of carbon atoms of R 25 and R 26 is 6, and therefore this condition for the IOB is satisfied if the total number of carbons of R 25 and R 26 is about 6 or greater .
  • the total number of carbon atoms of R 25 and R 26 is preferably about 7 or greater and more preferably about 9 or greater.
  • the dialkyl carbonate may be a commercially
  • reaction between phosgene and an alcohol reaction between formic chloride and an alcohol or alcoholate, or reaction between silver carbonate and an alkyl iodide.
  • the (E) polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycol, or alkyl ester or alkyl ether thereof may be (e x ) a polyoxy C2-6 alkylene glycol, (e 2 ) an ester of a polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycol and at least one a fatty acid, (e 3 ) an ether of a polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycol and at least one aliphatic monohydric alcohol, (e 4 ) an ester of polyoxy C 2 _ 6 alkylene glycol and chain hydrocarbon tetracarboxylic acid, chain hydrocarbon tricarboxylic acid or chain hydrocarbon dicarboxylic acid., or (e 5 ) an ether of polyoxy C 2 _ 6 alkylene glycol and a chain hydrocarbon tetraol, chain hydrocarbon triol or chain hydrocarbon diol .
  • the polyoxy C 2 -C 6 alkylene glycol is i) a homopolymer having one backbone selected from the group consisting of polyoxy C 2 -C6 alkylene backbones, i.e. oxyethylene
  • backbone oxypropylene backbone, oxybutylene backbone, oxypentylene backbone and oxyhexylene backbone, and having hydroxy groups at both ends
  • a block copolymer having a backbone of 2 or more selected from among the aforementioned group and having hydroxy groups at both ends
  • a random copolymer having a backbone of two or more selected from among the aforementioned group and having hydroxy groups at both ends
  • the polyoxy C 2 -C 6 alkylene backbone is preferably an oxypropylene backbone, oxybutylene backbone, oxypentylene backbone or oxyhexylene backbone and more preferably an oxybutylene backbone, oxypentylene backbone or
  • polyoxy C 2 -C 6 alkylene glycol is a homopolymer
  • poly C 3 - 6 alkylene glycol is represented by the
  • n is an integer of 3-6.
  • homopolymers of formula (23) may include propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol or hexylene glycol homopolymer.
  • n in formula (23) is about 3 to 6 and preferably about 4 to 6, and n is 2 or greater.
  • n in formula (23) is a value such that the polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycol has an IOB of about 0.00-
  • condition for the IOB is satisfied when n is equal to or greater than about 12.
  • the weight-average molecular weight of the polyoxy C 2 - 6 alkylene glycol is preferably between about 200 and about 10,000, more preferably between about 250 and about 8,000, and even more preferably in the range of about 250 to about 5,000.
  • the weight-average molecular weight of a poly C 3 alkylene glycol is preferably between about 1,000 and about 10,000, more preferably between about 3,000 and about 8,000, and even more preferably between about 4,000 and about 5,000.
  • weight-average molecular weight is less than about 1,000, the condition for the water solubility will not be satisfied, and a larger weight- average molecular weight will particularly tend to increase the migration rate into the absorbent body and the whiteness of the top sheet.
  • Examples of commercial products of polyoxy C 2 - 6 alkylene glycols include UNIOLTM D-1000, D1200, D-2000, D- 3000, D-4000, PB-500 and PB-700 (both products of NOF Corp . ) .
  • Esters of such polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycols and at least one fatty acid include the polyoxy C 2 _ 6 alkylene glycols mentioned for " (ei) Polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycol” in which one or both OH ends have been esterified with fatty acids, i.e., monoesters and diesters..
  • fatty acids to be esterified in the ester of a polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycol and at least one fatty acid include the fatty acids mentioned for the " (ai) Esters of chain hydrocarbon tetraols and at least one fatty acid", and specifically these include saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, with saturated fatty acids being preferred in consideration of the potential for degradation by oxidation and the like.
  • An example of a commercially available ester of a polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycol and a fatty acid us WILLBRITE cp9 (product of NOF Corp.).
  • Ethers of such polyoxy C 2 _ 6 alkylene glycols and at least one aliphatic monohydric alcohol include the polyoxy C 2 - 6 alkylene glycols mentioned for " (ei) polyoxy
  • C 2 _6 alkylene glycol wherein one or both OH ends have been etherified by an aliphatic monohydric alcohol, i.e., monoethers and diethers.
  • the aliphatic monohydric alcohol to be etherified may be an aliphatic monohydric alcohol among those mentioned for “compound (B) ".
  • the polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycol to be esterified for the aforementioned ester of a polyoxy C2-6 alkylene glycol and a chain hydrocarbon tetracarboxylic acid, chain hydrocarbon tricarboxylic acid or chain hydrocarbon dicarboxylic acid may be any of the polyoxy C2-6 alkylene glycols mentioned above under " (ei) Polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycol".
  • the chain hydrocarbon tetracarboxylic acid, chain hydrocarbon tricarboxylic acid or chain hydrocarbon dicarboxylic acid to be esterified may be any of those mentioned above for "compound (C)".
  • the ester of a polyoxy C2-6 alkylene glycol and a chain hydrocarbon tetracarboxylic acid, chain hydrocarbon tricarboxylic acid or chain hydrocarbon dicarboxylic acid may be a commercially available product, or it may be produced by polycondensation of a polyoxy C2-6 alkylene glycol with a chain hydrocarbon tetracarboxylic acid, chain hydrocarbon tricarboxylic acid or chain hydrocarbon dicarboxylic acid under known conditions.
  • the polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycol to be etherified for the aforementioned ether of a polyoxy C2-6 alkylene glycol and a chain hydrocarbon tetraol, chain hydrocarbon triol or chain hydrocarbon diol may be any of the polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycols mentioned above under " (ei) Polyoxy C 2 - 6 alkylene glycol".
  • the chain hydrocarbon tetraol, chain hydrocarbon triol or chain hydrocarbon diol to be etherified may be, for example, pentaerythritol, glycerin or glycol, mentioned above for "compound (A)".
  • C 2 -6 alkylene glycols and chain hydrocarbon tetraols, chain hydrocarbon triols and chain hydrocarbon diols include UNILUBETM 5TP-300KB and UNIOLTM TG-3000 and TG-4000
  • UNILUBETM 5TP-300KB is a compound obtained by
  • UNIOLTM TG-3000 is a compound obtained by
  • UNIOLTM TG-4000 is a compound obtained by
  • the ether of a poly C 2 -6 alkylene glycol and a chain hydrocarbon tetraol, chain hydrocarbon triol or chain hydrocarbon diol may also be produced by polycondensation of a polyoxy C 2 -6 alkylene glycol with a chain hydrocarbon tetraol, chain hydrocarbon triol or chain hydrocarbon diol under known conditions.
  • the chain hydrocarbon has an inorganic value of 0 and thus an IOB of 0.00, while the water solubility is also approximately 0 g, and therefore if the melting point is no higher than about 45°C, it may be included among the aforementioned blood modifying agents.
  • chain hydrocarbons examples include (fi) chain alkanes, such as linear alkanes and branched alkanes, and linear alkanes generally include those with no more than 22 carbons, in consideration of a melting point of no higher than about 45°C. In consideration of vapor pressure, they generally include those with 13 or more carbons. Branched alkanes generally include those with 22 or more carbons, since their melting points are often lower than linear alkanes, given the same number of carbon atoms.
  • hydrocarbon products examples include PARLEAM 6 (NOF Corp.).
  • the blood modifying agent has been found to have at least function of lowering blood viscosity and surface tension, which will be considered in detail in the examples. Menstrual blood to be absorbed by the
  • absorbent article contains proteins of the endometrial wall, for example, unlike ordinary blood, which act to bind together blood cells, such that the blood cells form a rouleau state.
  • the menstrual blood to be absorbed by the absorbent article therefore tends to have high viscosity, and if the top sheet is a nonwoven fabric of woven fabric, the menstrual blood becomes clogged between the fibers creating a residual sticky feel for the wearer, while the menstrual blood also diffuses on the surface of the top sheet and tends to leak.
  • the blood modifying agent which has an IOB of about 0.00 to 0.60 has high organicity and readily infiltrates between blood cells, and it therefore stabilizes the blood cells and can prevent formation of a rouleau structure by the blood cells.
  • the blood modifying agent stabilizes blood cells and helps to prevent formation of a rouleau
  • an absorbent article comprising an acrylic super- absorbent polymer, or SAP
  • absorption of menstrual blood is known to lead to covering of the SAP surface by rouleau-formed blood cells and inhibition of the
  • the blood modifying agent which has high affinity with erythrocytes protects the erythrocyte membranes, and therefore may minimize destruction of the erythrocytes .
  • the top sheet comprises the blood modifying agent at a basis weight in the range of preferably 1-30 g/m 2 , more preferably 2-20 g/m 2 and more preferably 3-10 g/m 2 . If the basis weight of the blood modifying agent is less than about 1 g/m 2 , the blood modifying effect will tend to be insufficient, and if the basis weight of the blood modifying agent is increased, the stickiness during wearing will tend to be increased.
  • the absorbent article of the present invention may be manufactured by methods known in the art.
  • non-contact coater for example, a spiral coater, curtain coater, spray coater or dip coater, or a contact coater or the like.
  • a non-contact coater is preferred from the viewpoint of uniformly dispersing the droplet or
  • the blood modifying agent may be coated directly, if it is a liquid at room temperature, or it may be heated to lower the viscosity, and when it is a solid at room
  • control seam HMA hot melt adhesive
  • the blood modifying agent may be coated during production of the top sheet material, such as the
  • the nonwoven fabric may be coated in the manufacturing line for production of the absorbent article.
  • the blood modifying agent is preferably coated in the manufacturing line for the absorbent article, and in order to prevent shedding of the blood modifying agent which may
  • the blood modifying agent is preferably coated during a step downstream from the manufacturing line, and specifically, immediately before encapsulation of the product in an individual package.
  • the blood modifying agent preferably has a weight- average molecular weight of no greater than about 2,000, and more preferably it has a weight-average molecular weight of no greater than about 1,000. This is because a high weight-average molecular weight will make it
  • the back sheet 3 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 prevents body fluid that has been absorbed into the absorbent body 4 from leaking to the outside.
  • a material that is impermeable to body fluids is used for the back sheet 3.
  • the material used for the back sheet 3 may be, for example, a hydrophobic nonwoven fabric, an impermeable plastic film of polyethylene, polypropylene or the like, or a laminate sheet with nonwoven fabric and an
  • the material used for the back sheet 3 may also be an SMS ( spunbond-meltblown-spunbond) nonwoven fabric obtained by sandwiching a highly water- resistant meltblown nonwoven fabric between high-strength spunbond nonwoven fabrics.
  • SMS spunbond-meltblown-spunbond
  • the absorbent body 4 absorbs and retains body fluids.
  • the absorbent body 4 preferably has high bulk, is resistant to deformation and has low chemical
  • the absorbent body 4 may be a composite absorbent body composed of fluffy pulp or an airlaid nonwoven fabric, and a super-absorbent polymer (SAP) .
  • the composite absorbent body may also be covered with a liquid-permeable material such as a tissue.
  • fluffy pulp in the composite absorbent body there may be used, for example, chemical pulp, cellulose fiber, or artificial cellulose fiber such as rayon and acetate.
  • the basis weight of the absorbent fiber such as pulp in the composite absorbent body is preferably at least 100 g/m 2 and no greater than 800 g/m 2 , and the mass ratio of the super-absorbent polymer in the composite absorbent body is preferably at least 10% and no greater than 65%, with the absorbent fiber defined as 100%.
  • the basis weight of the liquid-permeable material such as a tissue covering the composite mixture is preferably at least 12 g/m 2 and no greater than 30 g/m 2 .
  • An airlaid nonwoven fabric of the composite mixture may be, for example, a nonwoven fabric comprising pulp and synthetic fiber heat sealed together, or a nonwoven fabric comprising pulp and synthetic fiber fixed with a binder.
  • absorbent body has a three-dimensional network structure with appropriate crosslinking of a water-soluble polymer.
  • the absorbent polymer absorbs 30 to 60 times the amount of water relative to the volume of the absorbent polymer before absorption of water.
  • the absorbent polymer is essentially water-insoluble. The absorbent polymer does not exude absorbed water even when a
  • the absorbent polymer used is, for example, a starch-based, acrylic acid-based or amino acid-based particulate or filamentous polymer .
  • the shape and structure of the absorbent body may be varied if necessary, but the total absorption by the absorbent body 4 must be suitable for the designed insertion volume and the desired use of the absorbent article 1.
  • the size and absorbing power of the absorbent body 4 will also vary depending on the intended use.
  • wing sections 5 are provided in the absorbent article 1 to stably anchor the absorbent article 1 to underwear. After the wing sections 5 have been folded on the outer side of the underwear, it is attached to the crotch section of the underwear through the attachment part 6 to allow the absorbent article 1 to be stably anchored to the underwear.
  • the attachment part 6 shown in the particular embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 anchors the absorbent article 1 to the crotch section of the
  • a pressure-sensitive adhesive may be used to form the attachment part 6 and is preferably, for
  • Styrene-based polymers include styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-butylene polymer, styrene-butylene-styrene block copolymer and styrene-isobutylene-styrene copolymer, any of which may be used alone or as polymer blends of two or more.
  • Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer is preferred among these from the viewpoint of
  • the tackifier and plasticizer mentioned above are preferably solids at ordinary temperature, and these include tackifiers such as C5 petroleum resin, C9
  • plasticizers such as monomer plasticizers including tricresyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate, and polymer plasticizers including vinyl polymers and polyesters.
  • Bonding the top sheet 2 to the back sheet 3 by heat embossing will form a seal section 7 on both sides of the absorbent article 1 in the lengthwise direction.
  • Fig. 4 is an illustration of a top sheet
  • the top sheet production apparatus 100A comprises a recess-forming roll 120A, a stretching gear roll 130 and a lubricant coating sprayer 140.
  • the method for producing the top sheet 2A comprises a step of preparing a resin film, a recess-forming step, a gear stretching step and a lubricant coating step.
  • a resin film 102A supplied from a resin film roll (not shown) is fed to the recess-forming roll 120A.
  • the heated resin film 102A (see Fig. 8(a)) is passed through the recess-forming roll 120A to create a resin film 103A with recesses 104A formed therein (see Fig. 8 (b) ) .
  • the recess-forming roll 120A comprises a roulette roll 121A and a preheated roll 122A with a smooth surface.
  • Fig. 5(a) and (b) show examples of the roulette roll
  • Fig. 5(a) shows the entire roulette roll 121A
  • Fig. 5(b) is a magnified view of section 123A of the surface of the roulette roll 121A that contacts with the resin film 102A when the resin film 102A passes between the roulette roll 121A and the roll 122A which has a smooth surface
  • Fig. 5(c) shows an example of the preheated roll 122A which has a smooth surface.
  • Latticelike convexities 124A are formed on the surface 123A of the roulette roll 121A.
  • rhomboid recesses 125A are formed in the surface of the roulette roll 121A.
  • the center line spacing between the convexities 124A extending parallel on the lattice-like convexities 124A is preferably at least 0.2 mm and no greater than 10 mm and more preferably at least 0.4 mm and no greater than 2 mm. If the pitch of the lattice-like convexities 124A is less than 0.2 mm, or greater than 10 mm, recesses may not form in the resin film.
  • the widths of the lattice-like convexities 124A are preferably at least 0.01 mm and no greater than 1 mm, and more preferably at least 0.03 mm and no greater than 0.1 mm.
  • the lengths of the sides of the rhomboid recesses 125A are preferably at least 0.1 mm and no greater than 5 mm, and more preferably at least 0.2 mm and no greater than 1 mm. If the widths of the lattice-like convexities 124A are less than 0.01 mm or greater than 1 mm, or if the lengths of the sides of the rhomboid recesses 125A are less than 0.1 mm or greater than 5 mm, recesses may not form in the resin film.
  • the preheated roll 122A with a smooth surface is kept at a temperature between 70°C and 100°C, and it heats the fed resin film 102A. This softens the resin film 102A and facilitates formation.
  • the resin film 102A passes between the roulette roll 121A and the roll 122A with a smooth surface, the resin film 102A receives pressure in the thickness direction at the sections in contact with the latticelike convexities 124A, and roughly rectangular recesses 104A as shown in Fig. 8 (b) are formed in the resin film 102A.
  • the shapes of the recesses 125A of the roulette roll 121A are not limited to being rhomboid, and may instead be square, rectangular, parallelogram-shaped, trapezoid, triangular, hexagonal, or the like.
  • Fig. 6(a) shows the upper gear roll 131 of the stretching gear roll 130.
  • Fig. 6(b) is an illustration of the gear teeth 133 arranged on the peripheral surface of the upper gear roll 131.
  • the gear teeth 133 extend in the circumferential direction of the upper gear roll 131.
  • the angles of the gear teeth 133 are chamfered in an R- shape in order to prevent the resin film 103A from being cut by the angles of the gear teeth 133 when the resin film 103A (see Fig. 8(b)) has passed through the stretching gear roll 130.
  • the widths of the gear teeth 133 are 0.3-0.5 mm, for example, and the distance between adjacent gear teeth 133 is 1.0-1.2 mm, for example.
  • the lower gear roll 132 of the gear roll 130 has the same shape as the upper gear roll 131, and therefore the lower gear roll 132 will not be explained in detail.
  • the engagement depth is 1.25 mm, for example.
  • the gaps between the gear teeth 133 of the upper gear roll 131 and the gear teeth of the lower gear roll 132, when the gear teeth 133 of the upper gear roll 131 and the gear teeth of the lower gear roll 132 have been engaged, are 0.25- 0.45 mm, for example.
  • the resin film 103A is formed in an essentially undulating manner, creating a resin film 105A with protrusions 21A formed therein (see Fig. 8 (c) ) .
  • the resin film 103A is stretched to a large degree at the sections 106A where the gear teeth 133 of the upper gear roll 131 and the gear teeth 134 of the lower gear roll 132 are engaged.
  • the sections where the recesses 104A have been formed in the step of forming the recesses are sections where the basis weight of the resin film 103A vary in an abrupt manner, and therefore the strength is low and the recesses 104A of the resin film 103A will tear when stretched (drawn) . Consequently, the recesses 104A of the resin film 103A tear at the sections 106A of the resin film 103A that have been drawn, such that the torn sections of the resin film 103A widen, forming openings 25A.
  • the resin film 103A is not significantly drawn at the sections 107A where the gear teeth 133 of the upper gear roll 131 and the gear teeth 134 of the lower gear roll 132 are not engaged. Consequently, even when the resin film 103A passes through the stretching gear roll 130, the recesses 104A formed in the recess-forming step are not torn and do not become openings at the sections
  • the recesses 104A formed in the step of forming the recesses are slightly drawn and become recesses 26A in the top sheet
  • the sections 107A of the resin film 103A where the gear teeth 133 of the upper gear roll 131 and the gear teeth 134 of the lower gear roll 132 are not engaged correspond to the top sections 23A of the protrusions 21 and bottom sections 22A in the top sheet 2A (see Fig. 3) .
  • the sections 106A of the resin film 103A where the gear teeth 133 of the upper gear roll 131 and the gear teeth 134 of the lower gear roll 132 are engaged correspond to the wall sections 24A of the protrusions 21A in the top sheet 2A (see Fig. 3) . Consequently, recesses 26A are formed in the top sections 23A and bottom sections 22A of the protrusions 21A in the top sheet 2A, and openings 25A are formed in the wall sections 24A of the protrusions
  • the absorbent article 1 when the user wishes to determine whether the absorbent article 1 needs replacement, the amount of body fluid absorbed into the absorbent body 4 can be confirmed by viewing the absorbent article 1 from an oblique direction, thereby allowing the need for replacement of the absorbent article 1 to be ascertained.
  • a lubricant coating sprayer 140 is used to coat the lubricant 141 onto the resin film 105A that has been gear stretched, creating a resin film 108A having a lubricant layer 27A formed on the surface (see Fig. 8(d)).
  • the coating amount of the lubricant is preferably at least 0.1 g/m 2 and no greater than 30.0 g/m 2 , and more preferably at least 1.0 g/m 2 and no greater than 10.0 g/m 2 . If the coating amount of the lubricant is less than 0.1 g/m 2 , the effect on wipeability of body fluid by the lubricant may not be obtained. If the coating amount of the lubricant is greater than 30.0 g/m 2 , the wearer may experience a wetted feel on the surface of the top sheet 2A.
  • the lubricant may be coated over the entire surface of the resin film 105A, or the lubricant may be coated on the resin film 105A only at the regions corresponding to the areas of the absorbent article where body fluid of the wearer will be excreted.
  • the lubricant coating sprayer 140 coats the lubricant 141 onto the resin film 105A by spraying in the step of coating the lubricant, but the lubricant 141 may instead be coated onto the resin film 105A by a printing method or dipping method.
  • Resin film material Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Resin film basis weight: 23.5 g/m 2 or 35.0 g/m 2
  • LDPE Low-density polyethylene
  • Resin film thickness 20 ⁇ or 30 ⁇
  • Titanium oxide content of resin film 2.9% or 5%
  • Preheated roll temperature 80°C
  • Gap between upper gear roll gear teeth and lower gear roll gear teeth 0.25 mm
  • Stretching gear roll engagement depth 1.25 mm
  • Fig. 9(a) shows lattice-like convexities 124A and rhomboid recesses 125A formed on the surface of a
  • Fig. 9(b) shows recesses 104A formed in a resin film that has passed through a recess-forming roll 120A.
  • CD cross-machine direction
  • the pitch of the recesses 104A in the cross-machine direction is the distance between the right sides of the recesses 104A in the cross-machine direction, which are adjacent in the transverse direction in Fig. 9(b) .
  • Fig. 9(c) shows parts of openings 25A formed in the wall sections 24A of protrusions and of the recesses 26 formed in the top sections 23A of protrusions, after passing through a stretching gear roll 130A.
  • Fig. 9(c) was photographed after stretching the resin film which was formed in an essentially undulating manner in order to match the focus of the microscope with the entire resin film.
  • the construction of the absorbent article of the second embodiment of the invention is the same as that of the absorbent article 1 of the first embodiment except for the top sheet, and therefore the focus of explanation will be on the top sheet of the absorbent article of the second embodiment .
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of the top sheet 2B of an absorbent article according to the second embodiment.
  • a top sheet 2B formed such that the
  • widthwise cross-section is essentially undulating has protrusions 21B extending in the lengthwise direction and bottom sections 22B arranged between adjacent protrusions 21B.
  • the direction in which the protrusions 21B extend is not limited to the lengthwise direction.
  • protrusions 21B each has a top section 23B as the side that contacts the skin of the wearer, and wall sections 24B on the sides. Since the top sheet 2B of the
  • absorbent article of the second embodiment is also formed so that the cross-section is an essentially undulating shape, the top sheet 2B is flattened as the essentially undulating shape of the top sheet 2B is deformed by pressure applied to the surface of the top sheet 2B when body fluid such as menstrual blood is wiped off by the wearer using toilet paper or the like, thereby
  • the top sheet 2B includes a resin film layer 31B having a plurality of openings 34B formed for permeation of body fluid, a lubricant layer 33B formed on the skin facing side of the resin film layer 31B and a fiber aggregate layer 32B formed on the non- skin facing side of the resin film layer 31B.
  • the fiber aggregate layer 32B has its matrix disrupted at the wall sections 24B of the protrusions 21B.
  • matrix disrupted means that the fiber aggregate layer 32B has undergone disruption at the interior of the fiber
  • the resin used in the resin film layer 31B is the same as that of the top sheet of the absorbent article of the first embodiment, and therefore explanation of the resin used in the resin film layer 31B will be omitted here.
  • the basis weight of the resin film layer 31B is preferably at least 1 g/m 2 and no greater than 30 g/m 2 , and more preferably at least 3 g/m 2 and no greater than 15 g/m 2 .
  • the thickness of the resin film layer 31B is preferably at least 0.01 mm and no greater than 0.3 mm, and more preferably at least 0.03 mm and no greater than 0.15 mm. If the thickness of the resin film layer 31B is less than 0.01 mm, the concealing property of the top sheet 2B, described hereunder, may be too low, while if the thickness of the resin film layer 31B exceeds 0.3 mm, the stiffness of the top sheet 2B may be increased and irritation by the top sheet 2B on the skin of the wearer may be too strong. Also, if the thickness of the resin film layer 31B exceeds 0.3 mm, the strength of the resin film layer 31B will be excessively high and openings 34B may not be formed in the resin film layer 31B.
  • the top sheet 2B may have a concealing property so that body fluids absorbed into the absorbent body cannot be seen from the exterior, similar to the top sheet 2 of the absorbent article of the first embodiment.
  • the concealing property of the top sheet 2 may be exhibited by the concealing property of the resin film layer 31.
  • the concealing property of the resin film layer 31 is produced by mixing an inorganic filler such as titanium oxide with a resin.
  • the filler is titanium oxide
  • the titanium oxide content is preferably at least 1% and no greater than 50%, and more preferably at least 3% and no greater than 15%, with respect to the weight of the resin.
  • the concealing effect of the top sheet 2B for body fluids absorbed into the absorbent body may be too small. If the titanium oxide content exceeds 50% of the weight of the resin film, it may become difficult to create a laminar form from the titanium oxide-containing resin.
  • the resin film layer 31B at the wall sections 24B of the top sheet 2B has a plurality of openings 34B arranged in the direction extending along each of the protrusions 21B (lengthwise direction) .
  • the openings 34B are holes running through the resin film layer 31B, and body fluid of the wearer is absorbed through the openings 34B into the fiber aggregate layer 32B, and subsequently absorbed into the absorbent body.
  • the open area of each opening 34B is preferably at least 0.0005 mm 2 and no greater than
  • each of the openings 34B is smaller than 0.0005 mm 2 , body fluid of the wearer may not pass through the openings 34B, and if the open area of each of the openings 34B is greater than 1.5 mm 2 , body fluid that has been absorbed into the absorbent body may flow back through the openings 34B of the resin film layer 31B, or the proportion of area of the sections of the resin film layer 31B other than the openings 34B may be reduced, thus reducing the concealing property of the top sheet 2B. Also, if the open area of each of the openings 34B of the resin film layer 31B is greater than
  • the strength of the top sheet 2B may be
  • openings 34B with respect to the entire area of the resin film layer 31B i.e., the open area ratio of the resin film layer 31B
  • the open area ratio of the resin film layer 31B is preferably at least 1% and no greater than 10%. If the open area ratio of the resin film layer 31B is lower than 1%, the permeability of the top sheet 2B for body fluid may be impaired, and if the open area ratio of the resin film layer 31B is higher than 10%, body fluid that has been absorbed into the absorbent body may flow back through the openings 34B of the resin film layer 31B, or the proportion of area of the sections of the resin film layer 31B other than the openings 34B may be reduced, thus reducing the concealing property of the top sheet 2B. Also, if the open area ratio of the resin film layer 31B is higher than 10%, the strength of the top sheet 2B may be excessively low.
  • the top sheet is preferably subjected to
  • hydrophilicizing treatment by being coated or mixed with a hydrophilic agent. If the original material is
  • hydrophilic since it is subseguently coated with a lipophilic modifying agent having an IOB of about 0.00-
  • the fiber aggregate layer 32B includes a sheet or nonwoven fabric of hydrophilic fiber aggregates.
  • a preferred nonwoven fabric for use as the fiber aggregate layer 32B for example, a tissue.
  • tissue is thin paper with a basis weight of at least 10 g/m 2 and no greater than 20 g/m 2 , composed mainly of Kraft pulp or rayon for wet strength.
  • the thickness of the fiber aggregate layer 32B is preferably at least 0.1 mm and no greater than 0.5 mm. Even if the resin film layer 31B is not hydrophilic, the fiber aggregate layer 32B can impart hydrophilicity to the top sheet 2B.
  • the fiber aggregate layer 32B can also impart softness to the top sheet 2B.
  • a tissue may be used for the fiber aggregate layer 32B, as tissue sheets are less expensive than other sheets and nonwoven fabrics and are abundantly available on the market.
  • tissue paper While the strength of tissue paper is generally low, if it is used together with the resin film layer 31B it will be possible to use the tissue as the fiber aggregate layer 32B of the top sheet 2B. In addition, since a tissue easily has its matrix disrupted, this will be used.
  • the lubricant layer 33B is the same as the lubricant layer 27A formed on the surface of the top sheet 2A of the absorbent article of the first embodiment, and explanation of the lubricant layer 33B will therefore be omitted.
  • FIG. 11 is an illustration of a top sheet production apparatus 100B to be used in a method for producing a top sheet 2B according to the second embodiment of the invention.
  • the top sheet production apparatus 100B comprises a stretching gear roll 130 and a lubricant coating sprayer 140.
  • the method for producing the top sheet 2B includes a step of
  • preparing a composite sheet comprising a resin film layer and a fiber aggregate layer, a gear stretching step, and a lubricant coating step.
  • the composite sheet 103B is produced, for example, by extrusion laminating a resin into a fiber sheet such as a tissue sheet (tissue that has been formed into a sheet), to form a resin film layer on the fiber sheet.
  • the composite sheet 103 is passed through a stretching gear roll 130 to form protrusions in the composite sheet 103, and form openings in the resin film layer of the composite sheet.
  • the stretching gear roll used in this gear stretching step is the same as the gear stretching roll 130 used in the method for producing a top sheet for an absorbent article according to the first embodiment, and explanation of the gear stretching roll will therefore be omitted here.
  • the composite sheet 103B passes through the stretching gear roll 130, the composite sheet 103B is formed in an essentially undulating manner, and a
  • the composite sheet 103B is stretched at the
  • the fiber aggregate layer easily has its matrix disrupted, and the tensile strength of the fiber
  • the integrated resin film layer at the matrix disrupted sections of the tissue layer are disrupted together with it, and openings are formed in the resin film layer.
  • the resin film layer at the areas of weak adhesive force with the fiber aggregate layer lose their adhesion with the fiber aggregate layer when the composite sheet 103B is stretched until the fiber
  • the composite sheet 103B is not significantly stretched at the sections 106B where the gear teeth 133 of the upper gear roll 131 and the gear teeth 134 of the lower gear roll 132 are not engaged. Consequently, even when the composite sheet 103B passes through the
  • openings are not formed at the sections 106B of the composite sheet 103B where the gear teeth 133 of the upper gear roll 131 and the gear teeth 134 of the lower gear roll 132 are not engaged.
  • the sections 106B of the composite sheet 103B where the gear teeth 133 of the upper gear roll 131 and the gear teeth 134 of the lower gear roll 132 are not engaged correspond to the top sections 23B of the protrusions 21B and bottom sections 22B in the top sheet 2B (see Fig. 10) .
  • the sections 105B of the composite sheet 103B where the gear teeth 133 of the upper gear roll 131 and the gear teeth 134 of the lower gear roll 132 are engaged correspond to the wall sections 24B of the protrusions 21B in the top sheet 2B (see Fig. 10) .
  • Fig. 13 shows a set of photomicrographs of the skin facing side of a top sheet where openings have been formed in the resin film layer.
  • Fig. 13(a) is a
  • FIG. 13(b) is also a photomicrograph, at a large scale than Fig. 13(a), of the skin facing side of a top sheet, showing the wall
  • Fig. 13(c) is also a photomicrograph, at an even larger scale than Fig. 13(b), of the skin facing side of a top sheet, showing openings on the film resin layer.
  • Fig. 14 shows a pair of photomicrographs of the non- skin facing side of a top sheet where openings have been formed in the resin film layer.
  • Fig. 14(a) is a
  • Fig. 14 (b) is a photomicrograph, at a larger scale than Fig. 14(a), of the non-skin facing side of the top sheet, showing the fibers of the matrix-disrupted fiber aggregate layer covering openings of the resin film layer .
  • the lubricant coating sprayer 140 is used to coat the lubricant 141 on the resin film layer side of the gear stretched composite sheet 104B, to form a lubricant layer on the composite sheet 104B.
  • the coating amount of the lubricant is the same as the coating amount of the lubricant for the method for producing a top sheet of an absorbent article according to the first embodiment.
  • the absorbent article of the first embodiment and the absorbent article of the second embodiment may incorporate the following modifications.
  • a lubricant layer 33C may be formed on the skin facing side surface of the resin film layer 31C that has been formed in a striped pattern of a plurality of discrete stripes on the skin facing side surface of a nonwoven fabric or tissue 32C, as in the top sheet 2C shown in Fig. 15.
  • Fig. 15 is a magnified schematic perspective view of a portion of a top sheet 2C.
  • the lubricant layer 33C is present between the body fluid of the wearer and the resin film layer 31C, and therefore wipeability of the body fluid is satisfactory.
  • Body fluid that has adhered onto the nonwoven fabric or tissue 32C is absorbed through the nonwoven fabric or tissue 32C into the absorbent body, and therefore does not need to be wiped off.
  • the width of the striped resin film layer 31C may be, for example, 0.05-3 mm, and is preferably 0.1-1 mm.
  • the distance between adjacent resin film layers 31C may be, for example, 0.05-3 mm, and is preferably 0.1-1 mm.
  • the striped resin film layer 31C is formed on a base ⁇ material such as a nonwoven fabric 32C by, for example, continuously coating a resin composed mainly of
  • lubricant layer 27D such as shown in Fig. 16(b) may also be formed on the surface of the top sheet 2D of the resin film described in PTL 1, shown in Fig. 16(a).
  • Figs. 16(a) and (b) are magnified schematic perspective views of a portion of a top sheet 2D. Piliform fibrils 21D are formed on the surface of the top sheet 2D
  • the lubricant layer 27E may be formed on the surface of a top sheet 2E without piliform fibrils formed on the surface of the top sheet of the resin film described in PTL 1 (see Fig. 17), i.e., on the surface of a top sheet 2E on which only openings 25E have been formed.
  • Fig. 17 is a magnified schematic perspective view of a portion of such a top sheet 2E.
  • the top sheet and absorbent body do not need to be bonded at least in the area for facing the body fluid excretion hole of the wearer.
  • at least the area of the top sheet for facing the body fluid excretion hole of the wearer is formed of a resin film having a lubricant layer formed on the skin facing side surface. This can facilitate deformation of the top sheet, to allow even easier wiping of body fluid such as menstrual blood that remains on the surface of the top sheet.
  • the. top sheet is even more easily flattened as the essentially undulating shape of the top sheet is deformed by pressure applied to the surface of the top sheet when body fluid is wiped off by the wearer using toilet paper or the like. This further facilitates wiping of body fluid that has adhered to the surface of the top sheet.
  • a sample was placed on a stack of 3 filter paper sheets (100 mm x 100 mm) .
  • the 3 stacked filter paper sheets correspond to an absorbent body.
  • a pipette with an inner diameter of 1.8 mm was used to vertically drop 0.1 mg of highly viscous
  • a resin film comprising 97 wt% polyethylene and 3 wt% titanium oxide, by perforation.
  • the basis weight of the hole-formed resin film was 22 g/m 2 , the effective opening diameter was 0.5-0.8 mm, and the effective open area ratio was 18%.
  • the surface of the resin film was coated with triglyceride (trade name: PANACET 810s (IOB: 0.32, melting point: -5°C, water solubility: ⁇ 0.05 g, purchased from NOF Corp.) to a coating amount of 5 g/m 2 .
  • triglyceride trade name: PANACET 810s (IOB: 0.32, melting point: -5°C, water solubility: ⁇ 0.05 g, purchased from NOF Corp.
  • a top sheet was fabricated for Example 2 by the method for producing a top sheet according to the first embodiment.
  • the conditions for Example 2 were as follows.
  • composition of resin film 97 wt% polyethylene, 3 wt% titanium oxide
  • Gap between upper gear roll gear teeth and lower gear roll gear teeth 0.25 mm
  • Lubricant Triglyceride (trade name: PANACET 810s (IOB: 0.32, melting point -5°C, water solubility: ⁇ 0.05 g, purchased from NOF Corp. ) .
  • Example 2 The form in Example 2 was as follows.
  • protrusion pitch 2.5 mm
  • Opening diameter 0.1-0.6 mm
  • Comparative Example 1 The fabrication method in Comparative Example 1 was the same as the method of Example 1, except that no triglyceride was coated.
  • Comparative Example 2 The fabrication method for Comparative Example 2 was the same as the method for Example 2, except that no triglyceride was coated.
  • Fig. 18 shows photomicrographs taken of the surfaces for Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
  • Fig. 18(a) is a photomicrograph taken of the surface for Example 1
  • Fig. 18(b) is a photomicrograph taken of the surface for Example 2
  • Fig. 18(c) is a photomicrograph taken of the surface for Comparative Example 1
  • Fig. 18 (d) is a photomicrograph taken of the surface for
  • Fig. 19 shows the condition of surfaces for the examples and comparative examples, after dropping highly viscous artificial menstrual blood and allowing it to stand for 1 minute for the examples and comparative examples.
  • Fig. 19(a) is a photograph showing the
  • Fig. 19(b) is a photograph showing the condition of the surface for Example 1
  • Fig. 19(d) is a photograph showing the condition of the surface for Comparative Example 2.
  • Fig. 20 shows the condition of surfaces of toilet paper after wiping highly viscous artificial menstrual blood for examples and comparative examples.
  • Fig. 20(a) is a photograph showing the condition of the surface of toilet paper after wiping highly viscous artificial menstrual blood for Example 1
  • Fig. 20(b) is a photograph showing the condition of the surface of toilet paper after wiping highly viscous artificial menstrual blood for Example 2
  • Fig. 20(c) is a photograph showing the condition of the surface of toilet paper after wiping highly viscous artificial menstrual blood for Comparative Example 1
  • Fig. 20(d) is a photograph showing the condition of the surface of toilet paper after wiping highly viscous artificial menstrual blood for Comparative Example 2.
  • Fig. 21 shows the condition of surfaces for examples and comparative examples after wiping highly viscous artificial menstrual blood using toilet paper.
  • Fig. 21(a) is a photograph showing the condition of the surface for Example 1
  • Fig. 21(b) is a photograph showing the condition of the surface for Example 2
  • Fig. 21(c) is a photograph showing the condition of the surface for Comparative Example 1
  • Fig. 21(d) is a photograph showing the condition of the surface for Comparative
  • Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1, and that less highly viscous artificial menstrual blood remained on the surface of Example 2 compared to the surface of Comparative Example 2. This demonstrates that coating a lubricant on the top sheet allows cleaner wiping of highly viscous artificial menstrual blood that has adhered to the top sheet.
  • Example 1 The amount of residue of highly viscous artificial menstrual blood in Example 1 after wiping highly viscous artificial menstrual blood using toilet paper was 0.01 g, the amount of residue of highly viscous artificial menstrual blood in Example 2 was 0.00 g, the amount of residue of highly viscous artificial menstrual blood in Comparative Example 1 was 0.03 g, and the amount of residue of highly viscous artificial menstrual blood in
  • Comparative Example 2 was 0.02 g. This also demonstrates that coating a lubricant on the top sheet allows cleaner wiping of highly viscous artificial menstrual blood that has adhered to the top sheet.
  • Example 2 Less highly viscous artificial menstrual blood remained after wiping in Example 2 than in Example 1.
  • Example 2 This is attributed to the fact that pressure applied to the surface of Example 2 when highly viscous artificial menstrual blood was wiped with toilet paper caused deformation of the protrusions of Example 2 and
  • Example 2 flattening of the surface of Example 2, thus facilitating wiping of the highly viscous artificial menstrual blood that has adhered to the surface.
  • the blood modifying agent was confirmed to have a mechanism of lowering the
  • the sanitary napkin was formed from a top sheet, formed of a hydrophilic agent-treated air-through nonwoven fabric (composite fiber composed of polyester and polyethylene terephthalate, basis weight: 35 g/m 2 ) , a second sheet, formed of an air-through nonwoven fabric (composite fiber composed of polyester and polyethylene terephthalate, basis weight: 30 g/m 2 ), an absorbent body comprising pulp (basis weight: 150-450 g/m 2 , increased at the center section) , an acrylic super-absorbent polymer (basis weight: 15 g/m 2 ) and tissue as a core wrap, a water-repellent agent-treated side sheet, and a back sheet composed of a polyethylene film.
  • a hydrophilic agent-treated air-through nonwoven fabric composite fiber composed of polyester and polyethylene terephthalate, basis weight: 35 g/m 2
  • a second sheet formed of an air-through nonwoven fabric (composite fiber composed of polyester and polyethylene
  • Glycerin and fatty acid triester with oleic acid or stearylic acid as the fatty acid.
  • Tri-C2L oil fatty acid glyceride product of NOF Corp.
  • Tri-CL oil fatty acid glyceride product of NOF Corp.
  • Tri-coconut fatty acid glyceride product of NOF Corp.
  • Dodecanoic acid (C12) monoester of butylene glycol weight-average molecular weight: approximately 270 • COMPOL BS, product of NOF Corp.
  • Octadecanoic acid (Cis) monoester of butylene glycol weight-average molecular weight: approximately 350 • U ISTAR H-208BRS, product of NOF Corp.
  • Neopentylglycol di-2-ethylhexanoate weight-average molecular weight: approximately 360.
  • Weight-average molecular weight approximately 400
  • Weight-average molecular weight approximately 380
  • Polypropylene glycol weight-average molecular weight: approximately 1,000
  • Polypropylene glycol weight-average molecular weight: approximately 1,160
  • Polybutylene glycol weight-average molecular weight: approximately 500
  • Polyoxybutylenepolyoxypropylene glycol weight-average molecular weight: approximately 700
  • Polybutylene glycol weight-average molecular weight: approximately 1,000
  • Polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether produced by addition of 5 mol of ethylene oxide and 65 mol of propylene oxide to 1 mol of
  • Branched hydrocarbon produced by copolymerization of liquid isoparaffin, isobutene and n-butene followed by hydrogen addition, polymerization degree: approximately 5-10, weight-average molecular weight: approximately 330
  • Glycerin and fatty acid monoester with octanoic acid (Cg) and decanoic acid (Cio) at a mass ratio of about 85:15, weight-average molecular weight: approximately 220
  • Weight-average molecular weight approximately 230
  • Weight-average molecular weight approximately 640
  • Polypropylene glycol weight-average molecular weight: approximately 400
  • Polyethylene glycol weight-average molecular weight: approximately 1,500-1,600
  • Polyoxyethylene monostearate approximately 7 repeating units, weight-average molecular weight:
  • Polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil weight-average molecular weight: approximately 3,570
  • the IOBs, melting points and water solubilities of the samples are shown in Table 2.
  • the skin contact surface of the top sheet of the sanitary napkin was coated with the aforementioned blood modifying agent.
  • Each blood modifying agent was used directly, when the blood modifying agent was liquid at room temperature, or when the bipod modifying agent was solid at room temperature it was heated to its melting point of +20°C, and a control seam HMA gun was used for atomization of the blood modifying agent and coating onto the entire skin contact surface of the top sheet to a basis weight of about 5 g/m 2 .
  • Fig. 22 is an electron micrograph of the skin contact surface of a top sheet in a sanitary napkin
  • top sheet comprises tri-C2L oil fatty acid glycerides .
  • the tri-C2L oil fatty acid glycerides are present on the fiber surfaces as fine particulates.
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

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PCT/JP2012/075289 2011-09-30 2012-09-25 Absorbent Article WO2013047866A1 (en)

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JP5843740B2 (ja) * 2012-02-29 2016-01-13 ユニ・チャーム株式会社 吸収性物品
CN107405217B (zh) * 2015-04-09 2020-11-03 尤妮佳股份有限公司 吸收性物品用片的制造方法及制造装置
US10813797B2 (en) 2017-06-22 2020-10-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Laminate webs and absorbent articles having the same
JP2020523140A (ja) * 2017-06-22 2020-08-06 ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニーＴｈｅ Ｐｒｏｃｔｅｒ ＆ Ｇａｍｂｌｅ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ 積層体ウェブ及び積層体ウェブを有する吸収性物品

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JP3701208B2 (ja) * 2000-03-13 2005-09-28 ユニ・チャーム株式会社 開孔シートとこの開孔シートを使用した吸収性物品および前記開孔シートの製造方法。
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JP2004500908A (ja) * 1999-12-23 2004-01-15 キンバリー　クラーク　ワールドワイド　インコーポレイテッド 女性用ケア製品用還元剤
JP2004262954A (ja) * 2003-01-28 2004-09-24 Yunimatekku Kk 水性分散液の製造法
JP2006183168A (ja) * 2004-12-27 2006-07-13 Kao Corp 繊維シート
JP2011510801A (ja) * 2008-02-15 2011-04-07 ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー ポリプロピレングリコール材料を含むローションを備える吸収性物品

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CN109106510B (zh) * 2018-10-12 2022-10-21 江西省安秀实业发展有限公司 一种防红臀山茶油纸尿裤

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