WO2013044599A1 - Procédé pour obtenir une déformation de cisaillement sous haute pression dans des matières tubulaires, par le principe du coin, et appareil associé - Google Patents

Procédé pour obtenir une déformation de cisaillement sous haute pression dans des matières tubulaires, par le principe du coin, et appareil associé Download PDF

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WO2013044599A1
WO2013044599A1 PCT/CN2012/070157 CN2012070157W WO2013044599A1 WO 2013044599 A1 WO2013044599 A1 WO 2013044599A1 CN 2012070157 W CN2012070157 W CN 2012070157W WO 2013044599 A1 WO2013044599 A1 WO 2013044599A1
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workpiece
pressure
rigid
principle
mandrel
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PCT/CN2012/070157
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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王经涛
李政
王进
安钰坤
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南京理工大学
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
    • B21J1/025—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough affecting grain orientation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/063—Friction heat forging
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/08—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by burnishing or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of material processing engineering, in particular to a method and a device for realizing high-pressure shear plastic deformation of a tubular material by using a tipping principle, which are mainly applied to various metal and alloy materials, inorganic non-metal materials and polymer materials, etc. To achieve plastic deformation of these materials under high hydrostatic pressure conditions, thereby controlling and optimizing its microstructure and improving its performance.
  • Severe plastic deformation The method of deformation (SPD) is a general term for a series of plastic processing techniques with large deformation.
  • the SPD method refines the grain effect obviously, and can refine the internal structure of the material to sub-micron, nano-scale or even amorphous [R. Z. Valiev. Nature materials. 2004 (3): 511-516.; R. Z. Valiev, A. K. Mukherjee. Scripta mater. 2001 (44): 1747–1750.].
  • SPD method refines the grain effect obviously, and can refine the internal structure of the material to sub-micron, nano-scale or even amorphous [R. Z. Valiev. Nature materials. 2004 (3): 511-516.; R. Z. Valiev, A. K. Mukherjee. Scripta mater. 2001 (44): 1747–1750.].
  • the technology of preparing bulk nanostructured materials by SPD method has received widespread attention from experts and scholar in the field of materials science.
  • the most popular SPD method at present is mainly cumulative rolling (accumulative Roll-bonding (abbreviated ARB) technology, equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) technology, and high-pressure torsion (high-pressure torsion, referred to as HPT) Technology, etc.
  • ARB cumulative rolling
  • ECAP equal-channel angular pressing
  • HPT high-pressure torsion
  • the ARB technology is shown in Figure 1. It can continuously prepare thin-plate ultrafine-grained structural materials, and is easy to implement on traditional rolling mills. The equipment is simple and practical. However, in the ARB process, in order to achieve good rolling compounding, lubricants are often not used, which is detrimental to the service life of the rolls.
  • HPT technology shown in Figure 4 is the most suitable condition for the preparation of ultrafine grained materials in accordance with the SPD method mentioned in the previous section.
  • SPD technology has the strongest grain refinement capability.
  • the thickness of the specimen that HPT can process is small [A. P. Zhilyaev, T. G. Langdon. Progress in Materials Science. 2008 (53) : 893-979.], the processed disc-shaped sample has a large strain gradient in the radial direction, the deformation is uneven, and the degree of grain refinement is not uniform.
  • the radial expansion of the mandrel creates radial pressure on the inner wall of the tubular workpiece, while the rigid disk creates a radial pressure in the opposite direction to the outer wall of the tubular workpiece, thereby creating hydrostatic pressure in the tubular workpiece.
  • the ring sleeve is rotated, and the tubular workpiece is sheared under the surface friction.
  • This method is very good.
  • the main problem is that the method of loading the sample is radial loading. That is to say, the method directly applies axial pressure to the mandrel, and the mandrel produces a diameter on the sample. To the pressure.
  • the pressure is not directly loaded in the axial direction of the tubular material, and the hydrostatic pressure of the specimen is derived from the elastic deformation of the mandrel after being pressed. Since the elastic deformation of the mandrel is unlikely to be large, it is difficult to produce high The hydrostatic pressure, therefore, provides limited friction and is only suitable for pure metals with lower strength. For materials with higher strength, the frictional force that can be generated does not reach the yield strength of the material, and slipping and the like are likely to occur, and the required deformation cannot be achieved.
  • baffle at the two ends of the tubular workpiece is a cantilever beam structure, and the constraint on the axial deformation of the sample is insufficient.
  • hydrostatic pressure of the sample is high, the material is easily extruded from the gap, affecting Processing process.
  • the invention proposes a technology for realizing high-pressure shear deformation of a tubular material by using the tip principle, and the principle of the wedge applied by the technology is also called the wedge effect or the principle of the beveling force.
  • This principle can be used with the Lamy's theorem (Lami's Theorem) to explain: in the same plane, when the resultant force of the three co-point forces is zero, the ratio of any one of the forces to the sine of the other two forces is equal [R.K. Bansal (2005). Laxmi Publications. p. 4.].
  • the small angled bevel of the tip or wedge can be seen as a force amplifying device.
  • the high hydrostatic pressure of the invention utilizes the force amplification effect of the tip principle, so that the technology satisfies many conditions that should be satisfied by the SPD method for preparing the ultrafine grain material, such as large plastic deformation amount and relatively low deformation temperature. And the high hydrostatic pressure inside the deformed material.
  • the method avoids the complicated process of multi-channel operation such as ARB, ECAP and back pressure ECAP.
  • the method also overcomes the problems of insufficient hydrostatic pressure of Tóth et al.
  • it can provide high hydrostatic pressure conditions similar to HPT technology, which is suitable for the processing of difficult-to-deform metals and alloys, to achieve the effect of controlling and optimizing the structure of the material and improving its performance.
  • the technical solution for achieving the object of the present invention is: a method for realizing high-pressure shearing of a pipe by using a tipping principle, first selecting a machined workpiece, the workpiece is a tapered pipe, and the inner wall and the outer wall of the workpiece are respectively restrained by the restraining body; Applying axial pressure to one end of the restraining body, using the pressure-increasing and force-increasing characteristics of the tipping principle (also called the wedge effect or the principle of the beveling force), a high pressure is generated in a direction perpendicular to the inner and outer walls of the workpiece, so that the workpiece is elastically deformed.
  • the deformation of the workpiece is hindered by the reverse frictional force with the deformation trend, thereby generating a high hydrostatic pressure in the workpiece; then providing a torque to a restraining body in contact with the inner and outer walls of the workpiece to surround the center of the workpiece
  • the shaft rotates while fixing the other restraint body; or the opposite direction torque is provided to the two restraint bodies at the same time.
  • the materials at different thicknesses in the radial direction of the workpiece have different angular velocities. Rotate to achieve shear deformation of the workpiece.
  • a device for realizing high-pressure shearing of a pipe by using a tipping principle comprising a press having a constant pressure function, a torque reducer providing torque, and a mold having a transfer pressure, a constraining deformation, and a partial rotation function;
  • the mold includes: fixed or a rotatable rigid mandrel and a rotatable or fixed rigid collar; the workpiece is coaxially placed in the rigid collar, the inner surface of the rigid collar is in contact with the outer wall of the workpiece, and the interior of the workpiece is coaxially provided with a rigid mandrel, rigid core
  • the outer surface of the shaft is in contact with the inner wall of the workpiece, and the rigid mandrel and the rigid ring sleeve are respectively mounted along the central axis or placed on the upper and lower bottom plates of the press, and the displacement of the rigid ring sleeve and the rigid mandrel is limited, only along Move axially or around the central axis.
  • the invention has significant advantages: (1) the processing procedure is simple.
  • the method for realizing high-pressure shearing of pipe by using the tip principle of the invention is a severe plastic deformation method which can be realized in a single pass on a conventional pressure device having a constant pressure function.
  • ARB cumulative rolling
  • ECAP equal-angle extrusion
  • back pressure ECAP method etc.
  • the method utilizes the friction between the rigid ring sleeve, the tubular workpiece and the mandrel and the tubular workpiece, so that the rigid ring sleeve and the rigid mandrel rotate relative to each other, and the outer layer region of the tubular workpiece contacting the rigid ring sleeve is opposite to the mandrel. Shearing between the inner regions of the contact, thereby achieving severe plastic deformation under a single process pass.
  • the true strain is 1 ⁇ 10 or even higher.
  • the method of the severe plastic deformation proposed by the present invention is simple in principle and easy to obtain, and can be realized in a general pressure processing factory and a plastic forming laboratory.
  • the high-pressure shearing method proposed by the present invention does not directly pressurize the tubular material axially, and does not restrain the end of the workpiece. Therefore, there is no central pressure that may occur after the workpiece is too long. Insufficient, pressure instability and other issues. Hydrostatic pressure can be generated more evenly inside the material up to 15 GPa. This is currently not possible with other processes including HPTT. Moreover, with the development of mold materials and the improvement of design, the hydrostatic pressure that can be provided will be higher.
  • Plastic deformation under such high hydrostatic pressure conditions effectively suppresses the generation and development of material surfaces and internal cracks, thereby improving the workability of many difficult-to-machine materials such as magnesium alloys with poor plasticity.
  • materials such as magnesium alloys are densely packed due to the crystal structure, and the slip coefficient is limited, and the plasticity is often poor.
  • ARB or ECAP is processed on difficult-to-deform materials such as magnesium alloy, the sample often cracks.
  • it is often necessary to increase the processing temperature which will inevitably increase the processing cost. More importantly, as the processing temperature increases, the grain refining effect of the material becomes worse and the grains become coarser, which improves the material properties.
  • the method can achieve plastic processing of many materials such as aluminum, copper, nickel, magnesium, titanium, tungsten and their alloys, and low carbon steel at room temperature or at a lower heating temperature, thereby controlling and improving. Its organizational structure improves its performance.
  • the size of the tubular product that can be obtained is large.
  • the method for realizing the high-pressure shearing of the pipe by using the tipping principle of the invention has a tubular shape, and the size thereof is limited only by the scale of the equipment. Even in the laboratory, the tubular material of ⁇ 100mm height can be obtained by this method, which has good performance and can be applied in many fields after a little subsequent treatment. In addition, the obtained tubular material is cut along the axial direction and is rolled. High performance sheeting is obtained.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of cumulative composite rolling (ARB) technology.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAP) technology.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of back pressure ECAP (BP-ECAP) technology.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of high voltage torsion (HPT) technology.
  • Figure 5 is a high-pressure tube twist Twisting-HPTT) Schematic diagram of the technical principle.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the tip principle (or wedge effect, ramping force amplification principle).
  • the so-called tip principle is shown in Figure 2.
  • the input force is P
  • FIGS. 7(a) to 7(d) are schematic diagrams showing the principle of the method for realizing high-pressure shearing of pipes by using the tip principle of the present invention, wherein 1-rigid mandrel, 2-rigid ring sleeve, 3-tube workpiece with taper h is the height of the tubular workpiece; r i , r e are the inner and outer radii of the lower end surface of the tubular workpiece; ⁇ is the half cone angle; P is the main power provided by the press; T is the active torque provided by the power unit.
  • the constrained reaction force and the constrained counter torque are not marked; the high pressure shear of the tubular specimen is achieved by applying the main power and the active torque shown in Figure 8 to the rigid collar and the mandrel or a combination thereof (the two main power directions are opposite in the figure). , respectively, acting on the rigid mandrel and the collar; the two active torques are opposite in direction, acting on the rigid collar and the mandrel respectively).
  • FIGS. 8(a) to (c) are schematic views of several constraint forms of the end portion of the workpiece of the present invention: the inner and outer walls of the workpiece are always constrained by a 1-rigid mandrel and a 2-rigid cuff, and (a) the end is unconstrained; (b) end semi-constraint; (c) end full constraint.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a device for implementing a method for realizing high-pressure shearing of a pipe by using a tipping principle, wherein (a) is an exploded view: 90-upper head, 93-rigid mandrel, 95-tubular workpiece, 96-rigid ring sleeve, 97-ring sleeve gear, 98-thrust bearing, 100-mandrel base; in addition, the following features: 91-upper head lower square section Quadrangular prism, 92-rigid mandrel at the upper end of the square mandrel, 94-rigid mandrel at the lower end of the square section quadrangular prism, 99-core shaft base upper end square section recessed hole; (b) for assembly effect diagram.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional optical microscopic metallographic diagram of a pure aluminum sample: (a) an initial extruded pure aluminum sample near the inner diameter of the anodic laminar polarized metallographic phase with an average grain size of about 40 ⁇ m; (b) high pressure shear After the deformation, the pure aluminum sample is close to the inner diameter of the anodic laminar polarized metallographic phase. The grain boundary of the deformed sample is not shown. No estimation of the average grain size is given, but it can be clearly seen that the grain is elongated and broken. Refined.
  • the material processing object of the present invention can be realized on a conventional extruder having a constant pressure function: the rigid ring is placed in the lower bottom plate or the lower pressing head plate.
  • the tapered tubular workpiece is placed coaxially in a rigid collar that is connected to the upper or upper ram at a centered position and passes through the center of the tapered tubular workpiece.
  • the rigid mandrel, the workpiece and the rigid ring sleeve are coaxially matched. After the rigid mandrel and rigid ring sleeve are coaxially assembled with the workpiece between the upper and lower plates (or indenters) of the press, displacement in the radial direction is not allowed (no horizontal displacement is allowed).
  • the axial pressure provided by the press is then transmitted to the inner wall of the workpiece by a rigid mandrel or rigid collar attached to the upper and lower base plates (or rams).
  • the inner wall of the workpiece is a small angle cone with respect to the axial direction.
  • the tubular workpiece generates a large pressure perpendicular to the inner or outer wall of the workpiece under the axial pressure.
  • the rigid ring sleeve and the mandrel constrain the radial deformation of the workpiece.
  • the invention enables the tubular material to undergo shear plastic deformation under high hydrostatic pressure (up to ⁇ 15 GPa) (true should be up to 10 ⁇ ). Thereby, the plastic structure is controlled to control and optimize the structure of the material and improve its performance.
  • the present invention only needs to install a simple combined mold composed of a rigid mandrel and a rigid ring sleeve on a conventional pressing device having a constant pressure function, that is, at a lower temperature (such as room temperature or lower).
  • the heating temperature achieves a new method of severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing - the use of the tipping principle (also known as the wedge effect or the principle of beveling force) to achieve high-pressure shearing of the pipe.
  • SPD severe plastic deformation
  • the technology is highly feasible, there are no special requirements for operation, and the required equipment is simple and easy to obtain.
  • the present invention is a new plastic working method realized by a conventional extrusion apparatus, the function of the conventional extrusion apparatus is expanded.
  • the invention is suitable for experimental research and industrial production of bulk ultrafine crystal and nanocrystalline materials prepared by vigorous plastic deformation.
  • high-performance metals, alloys, inorganic non-metallic materials, and polymer materials can be prepared.
  • the method of using the tip of the tip to realize the high-pressure shearing of the pipe has a shape of a cone-shaped tube, which has high practical application potential and value.
  • the present invention utilizes the tipping principle to realize the method of high pressure shearing of the pipe.
  • the workpiece is processed, and the shape is a tapered pipe, and the inner wall and the outer wall of the workpiece are respectively restrained by the restraining body; then the inner wall is passed through the inner wall.
  • the restraining body at the center applies axial main power to the inner wall of the workpiece (not shown in the constrained reaction force diagram).
  • the workpiece is generated under the action of axial pressure.
  • the implementation of the method principle also includes the manners of FIGS. 7(b), (c), (d) and the like.
  • the combination of these different implementations such as the simultaneous application of axial main power to both constraints or the simultaneous application of active torque in opposite directions to the two constraints, will also achieve this principle.
  • the specific text description and schematic diagram are omitted.
  • the invention utilizes a tipping principle to realize a device for high-pressure shearing of a pipe, comprising a press having a constant pressure function and a die having a transmission pressure, a constraining deformation and a rotating function;
  • the mold comprises: a fixed or rotatable rigid mandrel 1 And a rigid sleeve 2 which can be rotated or fixed;
  • the rigid mandrel 1 and the rigid collar 2 are respectively connected to the upper and lower bottom plates (or the upper and lower pressing heads) on the central axis of the press, and the tapered tubular workpiece 3 is the same
  • the shaft is placed between the rigid mandrel 1 and the rigid cuff 2, and the outer wall of the rigid mandrel 1 and the inner wall of the rigid cuff 2 are respectively in contact with the inner and outer walls of the workpiece 3, and the taper of the contact surface is equal;
  • the inner surface of the rigid cuff 2 is
  • the outer surface of the rigid mandrel 1 is subjected to
  • At least one of the rigid mandrel 1 or the rigid cuff 2 is rotatable about a central axis, and the angle of rotation is not limited.
  • the tubular material high-pressure shear deformation device of the present invention can adopt a single-layer mold design, a pre-stress winding mold design or a pre-stress multi-layer mold design.
  • the method of realizing the high-pressure shear of the pipe by the tipping principle (also called the wedge effect or the principle of the beveling force) is composed of a part including a 1-rigid mandrel and a 2-rigid ring.
  • the mold combined with a press with a pressure holding function, is realized on a 3-cone tubular workpiece.
  • the 2-rigid ring is placed in the lower or lower head pad.
  • a 3-tapered tubular workpiece is placed concentrically in a rigid collar that is connected to the upper or upper ram at a centered position and passes through the center of the 3-tapered tubular workpiece.
  • 1- rigid mandrel, 3-workpiece and 2-rigid ring set are coaxially matched.
  • the outer surface of the rigid mandrel is in contact with the inner wall of the 3-workpiece, and the inner surface of the 2-rigid collar is in contact with the outer wall of the 3-workpiece.
  • the press then presses the 1-rigid mandrel and maintains the pressure constant at a certain value.
  • axial pressure is generated on the inner wall of the 3-workpiece.
  • small-angle inclined surface or wedge surface, tapered surface, tip
  • the workpiece is axially pressurized.
  • this principle can also be achieved by making certain changes to the equipment or mold and changing the pressure and rotating mold parts.
  • Figure 7(d) Applying axial compression to the outer wall of the 3-workpiece using a 2-rigid collar, rotating the 1-rigid mandrel and fixing the 3-rigid collar provides similar shear plasticity to the tapered tubular material. Deformation effect.
  • the principle of the method of using the tip of the tip to realize the high-pressure shearing of the pipe is omitted.
  • Fig. 8 the end is unconstrained; (b) the end semi-constraint; (c) the end full constraint.
  • the 3-workpiece end is unconstrained, as shown in Fig. 8(a)
  • the flow of the 3-workpiece end material will be completely limited by the frictional force in the opposite direction to the material flow tendency; for the 3-workpiece end
  • the annular shoulder on the 1-mandrel and the annular shoulder on the 2-rigid ring respectively constrain the upper and lower ends of the 3-workpiece.
  • Figure 9(a) is an exploded view of the device, detailing the composition of the device.
  • 90-upper head, 93-rigid mandrel, 95-tubular workpiece, 96-rigid ring sleeve, 97-ring sleeve gear, 98-thrust bearing, 100-mandrel base form the principle realization part of the whole device.
  • the 96-rigid ring is placed on the lower bottom plate of the press and connected to the 98-thrust bearing between the bottom plate of the press.
  • the 98-thrust bearing receives the axial pressure from the 96-rigid ring and reduces the axial pressure.
  • the tapered 95-tube workpiece is placed concentrically in the 96-rigid collar.
  • 93-Rigid mandrel, 96-rigid ring sleeve and 95-workpiece are coaxially assembled between the upper and lower plates of the press, and no displacement in the radial direction is allowed (no horizontal displacement is allowed).
  • the 93-rigid mandrel then transfers the axial pressure provided by the press to the 95-worker inner wall through a 90-upper head attached to the upper plate of the press.
  • 95-The inner wall of the workpiece is a small angle cone with respect to the axial direction. According to the principle of small angle inclined surface (or wedge surface, cone surface, tip), the 95-tubular workpiece will be produced perpendicular to the inner wall or outer wall of the 95-workpiece.
  • the servo motor is used to drive the reducer gear set (the power unit adopts the conventional motor and gear set or the worm gear of the appropriate power and speed, the schematic diagram is omitted) to drive the 97-ring sleeve gear, and rotate it under the action of the torque.
  • the rotation speed is 1 ⁇ 5rpm. Due to the friction, the material at the 95-work outer wall will have a tendency to rotate with the 97-rigid collar.
  • the concave hole of the square end section of the upper end of the 92-rigid mandrel is constrained by the square cross section of the upper end of the 91-upper head, and the square prism of the lower end of the 94-rigid mandrel is constrained by the concave hole of the upper end of the 99-core shaft base, 95-
  • the material at the inner wall of the workpiece will have a tendency to be fixed together with the 93-rigid mandrel; under high hydrostatic pressure conditions, the material will remain continuous, and the 95-tubular workpiece will rotate at different angular velocities along different layers of the radial thickness. That is, relative rotation occurs, and the material is shear-driven under the driving of friction.
  • the 93-rigid mandrel adopts a design in which the upper and lower ends simultaneously constrain the rotational freedom.
  • the constraining method adopts two sets of square-section quadrangular prisms and square-section recessed holes (91-, 92-, and 94-, 99-).
  • the clearance fit is achieved.
  • the F7/h6 base shaft clearance fit and the H7/g6 base hole clearance fit are used between the two sets of square-section quadrangular prisms and square-section recessed holes (91-, 92- and 94-, 99-).
  • the 93-core shaft is easy to fix, on the other hand, the 93-core shaft is simultaneously subjected to force at both ends, and the fracture is broken due to excessive torque.
  • the 90-upper head does not directly contact the 95-tubular workpiece, and the pressure is 93-rigid mandrel directly transmitted to the inner wall of the workpiece.
  • This design is because the part directly in contact with the end face of the workpiece is subjected to a very bad force. It is necessary to add an annular gasket made of cemented carbide to increase the cost; on the other hand, when the end of the 95-workpiece is directly pressurized, due to friction The presence of pressure does not pass evenly to the middle of the 95-workpiece, causing insufficient pressure in the middle, often limiting the height of the 95-workpiece.
  • the method for realizing high-pressure shearing of the pipe by using the tip principle of the patent can effectively overcome the above disadvantages.
  • the inner layer selects materials with high hardness and toughness, such as die steel; the wound layer uses high toughness materials, such as spring steel wire or spring steel strip; the outer layer adopts toughness. Higher material, such as medium carbon steel.
  • the inner layer selects materials with higher hardness and toughness, such as die steel; the other layers select materials with higher toughness, such as medium carbon alloy steel or die steel.
  • the 92-rigid mandrel is inlaid with hard alloy, and the rest is made of die steel.
  • the mold steel is Cr5Mo1V steel
  • the spring steel is 65Mn steel
  • the medium carbon steel is 45 steel
  • the medium carbon alloy steel is 45Mn steel
  • the hard alloy is YG6A.
  • the assembled effect of the device for achieving high pressure shear of the pipe using the tip principle is as shown in Fig. 9(b).
  • the radial microhardness distribution of the industrial pure aluminum tubular workpiece after 25° shear deformation is shown in Figure 10: from near the inner diameter to near the outer diameter, the hardness is changed from 48 HV (0.025 kg) to 33. HV (0.025kg), showing a decreasing distribution trend, but higher than the initial sample 31 without high-pressure shear deformation Hardness around HV (0.025kg).
  • FIG. 11 The cross-section optical microscopic metallographic phase of the sample is shown in Figure 11:
  • Figure 11 (a) The initial extruded pure aluminum sample is observed near the inner diameter of the anodic lamination, and the average grain size is about 40 ⁇ m; (b) high-pressure shear deformation After the pure aluminum sample is close to the bright field phase at the inner diameter, some grain boundaries are not shown in the bright field phase, and the average grain size is not given. However, it can be clearly seen that the grain is elongated, broken and refined. (c) The microstructure of the pure aluminum sample from the inner diameter to the outer diameter after high-pressure shear deformation.
  • the average grain size of 6063 aluminum alloy before high pressure shear is 80 ⁇ m, the compression test yield strength is 156.8MPa; the high pressure shear deformation of 60o is achieved by the tipping principle of 2.5GPa hydrostatic pressure at 1rpm.
  • the average strain reaches 3.1.
  • the average grain size reached 746 nm, and the compression test yield strength increased to 402.6 MPa.
  • the plasticity of AZ31 magnesium alloy is poor, and we heat the mold at 100 °C.
  • the average grain size before the high pressure shear was 27 ⁇ m, the compression test yield strength was 276.4 MPa; the high pressure shear deformation of the tubular material achieved by the tip principle of 90° at a rotational speed of 1 rpm at 3 MPa hydrostatic pressure, the average strain reached 4.7, the average grain size reached 640 nm, and the compression test yield strength increased to 396.5 MPa.

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  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé pour obtenir une déformation de cisaillement sous haute pression dans des matières tubulaires, par le principe du coin, et sur un appareil associé. Le procédé comporte : la sélection d'une pièce à traiter (3) et l'utilisation de corps de contrainte pour retenir respectivement la paroi extérieure et la paroi intérieure de la pièce (3) ; l'application d'une pression axiale aux corps de contrainte, l'accroissement de la force axiale en tirant parti du principe d'amplification des forces du coin ; et la transformation en une pression positive dans une direction perpendiculaire à une surface de contact avec la pièce (3), en obtenant par ce moyen une haute pression hydrostatique à l'intérieur de la pièce (3) ; l'application d'un couple à l'un des corps de contrainte de telle manière que le corps de contrainte tourne autour d'un axe central de la pièce (3), simultanément avec l'immobilisation de l'autre corps de contrainte ; ou encore l'application simultanée de couples aux deux corps de contrainte dans des sens opposés de telle manière que les deux corps de contrainte tournent l'un par rapport à l'autre autour de l'axe central de la pièce (3) ; et, sous l'action d'une force de frottement tangentielle entre les corps de contrainte et les parois intérieure et extérieure de la pièce (3), les matières situées dans la masse de la pièce (3) à des positions différentes dans le sens de l'épaisseur tournent à des vitesses angulaires différentes, en créant une déformation de cisaillement de la pièce (3). L'utilisation du procédé de traitement plastique entièrement nouveau qui est exécuté par des appareils de pression classiques élargit la fonction des appareils de pression classiques, sa faisabilité est élevée, sa mise en œuvre n'a pas d'exigences spécifiques et l'appareillage nécessaire est simple.
PCT/CN2012/070157 2011-09-30 2012-01-10 Procédé pour obtenir une déformation de cisaillement sous haute pression dans des matières tubulaires, par le principe du coin, et appareil associé WO2013044599A1 (fr)

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CN113894177A (zh) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-07 南京理工大学 一种合成多相合金的应变冶金法
CN113894177B (zh) * 2021-09-29 2024-05-28 南京理工大学 一种合成多相合金的应变冶金方法
CN114011898A (zh) * 2021-11-03 2022-02-08 中北大学 一种剪切扭挤变形制备超细晶管材的方法
CN114011898B (zh) * 2021-11-03 2023-10-20 中北大学 一种剪切扭挤变形制备超细晶管材的方法
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