WO2013040871A1 - Plateforme flottante en béton précontraint permettant de supporter une éolienne offshore et un générateur d'énergie marine - Google Patents

Plateforme flottante en béton précontraint permettant de supporter une éolienne offshore et un générateur d'énergie marine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013040871A1
WO2013040871A1 PCT/CN2012/071136 CN2012071136W WO2013040871A1 WO 2013040871 A1 WO2013040871 A1 WO 2013040871A1 CN 2012071136 W CN2012071136 W CN 2012071136W WO 2013040871 A1 WO2013040871 A1 WO 2013040871A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floating platform
pontoon
floating
concrete
platform
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/071136
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄灿光
陈立强
Original Assignee
Huang Canguang
Chen Liqiang
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Filing date
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Application filed by Huang Canguang, Chen Liqiang filed Critical Huang Canguang
Publication of WO2013040871A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013040871A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/107—Semi-submersibles; Small waterline area multiple hull vessels and the like, e.g. SWATH
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B5/00—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material
    • B63B5/14—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material made predominantly of concrete, e.g. reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/12—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
    • B63B2001/128—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly comprising underwater connectors between the hulls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a concrete semi-submersible floating platform supporting offshore wind power and wave energy and solar power generator, in particular to a floating type made of prestressed concrete or prestressed lightweight concrete or prestressed fiber concrete or the above combination Platforms, and how they are constructed and constructed.
  • the offshore wind turbine support structure and foundation currently used in shallow water areas are mainly pile foundation or gravity foundation.
  • the 30- to 50-meter medium-deep water area uses the truss type jacket (Jacket) foundation.
  • the use of a bottom-fixed foundation in the deep water zone (60 m deep or deeper) is too expensive, so a new type of foundation needs to be found.
  • the existing technology includes the European Blue H Group (Blue) H Group) Tension Leg Floating Platform (Tensioned Legs) Platform) and the world's No. 1 wind turbine manufacturer Vestas of Denmark and PRINCIPLE POWER INC) Offshore wind power steel floating platform built in Europe in November 2011 WindFloat (triangular steel pontoon).
  • All of these offshore wind power floating platforms are currently made of steel. Each steel floating platform supports approximately 2 megawatts of offshore wind turbines. The application of a 5 MW or greater MW offshore wind turbine will also increase the wind load by several times compared to a 2 MW offshore wind turbine. The wind load at 100 meters above the water surface is quite large at the bottom of the fan tower generated on the surface of the three fan blades of the 5 MW wind turbine. The large size of the fan also means that the quality of the cabin is heavier. When combined with a lighter steel floating platform, the center of gravity of the structure is too high to achieve adequate structural stability. The use of a prestressed concrete floating platform reduces the center of gravity of the entire system and improves stability.
  • the present invention provides a floating platform made of prestressed concrete or prestressed lightweight concrete or prestressed fiber reinforced concrete.
  • the floating platform includes at least three semi-submersible suspended hollow cylinders (hereinafter referred to as pontoons), each of which is connected to each other by a plurality of frame structures, and the pontoons are connected by a lateral frame structure to form a planar triangular or quadrilateral or polygonal structure.
  • Each floating platform is equipped with a horizontal axis fan and / or at least one vertical axis fan and optionally solar and / or wave energy generators.
  • Each floating platform includes at least three pontoons to form a platform structure having a triangular or quadrilateral shape or a polygonal shape as a basic unit, and based on the basic unit, it is also possible to select and construct more complicated interconnected at least three floating platforms for offshore wind power. Field to increase the stability of multi-platform systems against wind and waves.
  • the fan tower is placed at the center of gravity of the floating platform; the asymmetric design, the fan tower is placed at the non-center of gravity of the plane of the floating platform.
  • the three-float triangular floating platform of the present invention is disposed at a plane of gravity of the floating platform, and supports the fan tower and the fan through the connecting beam or the frame rod.
  • Another four-floating pontoon combination of the present invention forms a flat-shaped floating platform, and the frame members of the pontoons are connected along the sides of the square.
  • the frame structure is composed of a hollow or solid beam or a combination of the two. .
  • the square floating platform is made more stable by prestressed cables placed on the square diagonal.
  • the size of the pontoon used to support the horizontal axis fan is larger.
  • the remaining three floats support three vertical axis fans.
  • the third type of five-float square floating platform of the present invention is provided by four satellite buoys at four corner points of a planar square, and the fifth buoy is disposed at the center of gravity of the plane square.
  • the frame structure connects the center buoy with four satellite buoys along a square diagonal.
  • the five-float square floating platform is more stable by connecting four satellite buoys along the four sides of the square by prestressed cables.
  • the top beam of each buoy can use a hollow rod with a larger plane to facilitate the maintenance personnel to walk between the buoys.
  • hollow bars can also be applied to the bottom beams of the pontoons.
  • the short concrete tower There is a certain height above the splash zone, for example about 10 meters.
  • the platform is further provided with means for sinking the platform in an emergency, for example, when the mooring chain of the platform breaks to allow the platform to float freely on the surface of the water, in order to avoid public Hazard, the device will sink the platform.
  • the device is capable of floating the platform.
  • Each pontoon is provided with a waterproof machine room and control room and air chamber.
  • the water pump is installed in the machine room and connected to the inlet and outlet at the lowest point of the air chamber by connecting with the pipe, and communicates with the seawater at the lower part of the pontoon. By controlling the valve, water is forced from the sea into the air chamber and water is forced from the air chamber into the sea.
  • the vent pipe opening is placed at the top of the fan tower and is also opened or closed by controlling the valve.
  • the vent When the vent is opened, the water entering during the sinking operation can vent the air in the air chamber.
  • the valve When half potential is in the sea, the valve will close. It is necessary to move the valve above the water surface before the platform rises, so that air can be pressed into the air chamber to replace the water. If the vent pipe opening is above the water surface after sinking, simply open the valve to allow air to enter the air chamber.
  • the pump's power source comes from the maintenance vessel, which has electrode ports at the mooring buoy, such as at the 1/3, 2/3 height of the tower or at the top of the tower to facilitate service personnel to connect these ports. Since the hollow beam is used to connect the pontoon, the hollow beam is also used as the air chamber, so that the pressed water will surround the floating body, so that even if the pumping operation is performed for one pontoon, the entire platform will not be seriously inclined.
  • the wave energy generator is supported by a tie bar at the top of the floating platform.
  • the floating platform can also be installed with the application number No. A high power variable wing ocean wave energy generator as described in Chinese Patent Application No. 201120134135.1 and No. 201120038156.0.
  • the high-power variable-wing ocean wave energy generator is horizontally arranged to capture wave energy in real time through the generator during up and down movement of the wave.
  • solar generator is mounted above the wave energy generator and covers the central portion of the platform on the roof of the steel frame.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a floating platform of a prestressed (lightweight) concrete three-floating offshore fan according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the floating platform of the three-float offshore fan of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is the three-buoy offshore fan floating platform of Figure 1 combined with the application number No.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a floating platform of a three-buoy offshore wind turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a front elevational view of the floating platform of the three-buoy offshore fan of Figure 4 in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the floating platform of the three-buoy offshore fan of Figure 4 in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a floating platform of a four-buoy offshore wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a front elevational view of the floating platform of the four-buoy offshore fan of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of the floating platform of the four-float offshore fan of Figure 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a floating platform of a four-buoy offshore wind turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a front elevational view of the floating platform of the four-buoy offshore fan of Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of the floating platform of the four-buoy offshore fan of Figure 10;
  • Figure 13 is a plan view showing a floating platform of a five-float offshore wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a front elevational view of the floating platform of the five-float offshore fan of Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view of the floating platform of the five buoy offshore fan of Figure 13;
  • Figure 16 shows the construction method and sequence of the three-floating fan floating platform
  • Figure 17 shows the construction method and sequence of the three-floating fan floating platform
  • Figure 18 shows the construction method and sequence of the three-floating fan floating platform
  • Figure 19 shows the construction method and sequence of the three-floating fan floating platform
  • Figure 20 shows the construction method and sequence of the three-floating fan floating platform
  • Figure 21 shows a conventional design plane of an application example of a five-float floating platform
  • Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view showing the application example of the five-float floating platform of Figure 21 taken along the line 1-1;
  • Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view showing the application example of the five-float floating platform of Figure 22 taken along the direction 2-2;
  • Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view showing the application example of the five-buoy floating platform of Figure 22 taken along the 3-3 direction;
  • Figure 25 is a cross-sectional view showing the application example of the five-float floating platform of Figure 22 taken along the 4-4 direction;
  • Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view showing the application example of the five-float floating platform of Figure 22 taken along the 5-5 direction;
  • Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view showing the application example of the five-float floating platform of Figure 22 taken along the 6-6 direction;
  • Figure 28 shows a particular connection of the center pontoon in the application example setup of the five pontoon floating platform of Figure 21.
  • Wave energy generator 22 Wave energy generator support beam
  • the offshore wind turbine floating platform of the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the preferred embodiments. Although the exemplary embodiments have been described in detail, for the sake of clarity, those skilled in the art that the present invention is not critical are not shown.
  • the main material of the floating platform of the present invention refers to prestressed concrete or prestressed lightweight concrete or prestressed fiber concrete or a combination of the three.
  • the various prestressed concrete materials shown above are used as examples only, and are not intended to limit the invention, as long as other materials capable of implementing the invention (eg, novel composite materials) may be employed without departing from the scope of the invention. Instead of the various prestressed concrete materials listed above.
  • the pontoon in the present invention refers to a hollow cylinder or a hollow polygonal cylinder.
  • prestressed concrete floating platform of the present invention is not limited to the precise embodiments described below, as those skilled in the art can change and improve without departing from the spirit and scope of the protection.
  • elements and/or features depicted in different embodiments may be combined and/or substituted for each other, as long as the hollow cylinder and the hollow polygonal cylinder are interchangeable without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
  • the basic three pontoon configuration has three pontoons having a diameter of 8 meters to 10 meters, respectively disposed at the vertices of the triangles, and connected to each other through the frame structure to form a triangular-shaped division structure.
  • the triangular division structure referred to herein refers to a single triangular structure which is a constituent unit of the combined structure, and other structures described below may include two or more triangular division structures.
  • the tower of the horizontal axis fan is erected on a substrate of the platform supported by a frame of beams and rods and located at the center of gravity of the platform.
  • a vertical axis fan is erected on each pontoon as an optional setting.
  • the platform shown in Figure 3 incorporates a wave energy generator.
  • the wave energy generator is No. A wave energy generator described in Chinese Patent Application No. 201120134135.1 and No. 201120038156.0.
  • the pontoon 31 supporting the fan tower is larger (diameter 12 to 14 meters), and the other two pontoons are smaller (8 to 10 meters in diameter) ).
  • a concrete frame structure or truss is used to join the buoys to form a triangular structure. It is necessary to provide a shorter reinforcing rod at a quarter of the distance from the pontoon.
  • the three pontoon floating platform can support one horizontal axis fan and two vertical axis fans.
  • Each pontoon is provided with two mooring anchor chains extending from the pontoon to the sea floor for anchoring.
  • Figures 7-9 show that the triangular structure is a four pontoon setting. It consists of a larger central pontoon (12m to 14m in diameter) and a smaller satellite pontoon (8m to 10m in diameter). Among them, the center buoy is placed at the center of gravity of the platform, and is connected to the satellite buoy by a Y-shaped frame structure with an angle of 120°. In order to complete the triangular division structure, a steel cable is used to connect the satellite buoys. A horizontal axis fan is mounted on the center pontoon and a vertical axis fan is mounted on each satellite pontoon. Each pontoon is provided with two mooring anchor chains extending from the pontoon to the sea floor for anchoring.
  • the four pontoon structure has four pontoons, respectively disposed at the vertices of the rectangle, and connected by a frame structure to form a rectangular structure with a prestressed cable connection between each pair of diagonal pontoons. .
  • the tower of the horizontal axis fan is erected on one of the pontoons.
  • at least one of the remaining floats is provided.
  • the pontoons with horizontal axis fans are larger in size (12 to 14 meters in diameter) and the other pontoons are smaller (8 to 10 meters in diameter).
  • Each pontoon is provided with two mooring anchor chains extending from the pontoon to the sea floor for anchoring.
  • the five pontoon structure has a central pontoon (12m to 14m in diameter) and four satellite pontoons (8m to 10m in diameter) at the center of gravity of the platform.
  • four satellite buoys are respectively arranged at the vertices of the rectangle, and are connected to the central buoy along the diagonal of the rectangle through the frame structure.
  • the prestressed cable connects the adjacent two floats along the sides of the rectangle to complete the triangle division.
  • the tower of the horizontal axis fan is erected on the center pontoon.
  • at least one of the remaining pontoons is provided with a vertical axis fan.
  • the pontoon that supports the horizontal axis fan is larger than the other pontoons to carry heavier horizontal axis fans.
  • Each pontoon is provided with two mooring anchor chains extending from the pontoon to the sea floor for anchoring.
  • 16-20 illustrate a method of constructing a floating platform, which will be described in detail below.
  • the floating platform is used to support a solar generator installed on the roof structure covering the central area of the platform.
  • Solar panels are mounted on the ceiling.
  • the solar panels need to be placed at an optimal angle relative to the sun, the floating platform tends to rotate away from the optimal angle, so it is impractical to fix the solar panels so that they do not tilt. Therefore, the solar panel is horizontally set in this step so that it is independent of the rotation of the platform.
  • 21-28 show a preferred embodiment, which will be described in detail below.
  • the working principle of the floating platform is based on the stability of the platform, with a minimum of three structures that are not in the same straight line.
  • the conventional material for making a float is steel. It can be made of prestressed concrete or prestressed lightweight concrete as long as it is properly designed.
  • the hollow cylindrical shell is suspended in water and will be subjected to loads of water pressure and wave pressure.
  • the static pressure at a depth of 10 meters is 100 kN/m2. Equivalent to the load generated by the wheels of heavy trucks. This pressure will produce a large bending moment if loaded onto the plate, but in a hollow cylindrical housing, the hydrostatic pressure mainly causes the circumferential pressure. Concrete performs better in terms of pressure, and steel plates perform poorly in terms of stress.
  • the static pressure is 100 kN/m2. If the wall thickness of the prestressed (lightweight) concrete hollow cylindrical shell is 300 mm, the pressure strength generated on the casing is 4N/mm2. This value is perfectly acceptable for prestressed (lightweight) concrete structures.
  • the prestressed (lightweight) concrete structure is heavy, it will increase the mooring load and size, but the heavier structure will reduce the center of gravity of the entire structure. A lower center of gravity will contribute to the stability of the platform.
  • the base of the platform should be at least 0.7 times the height of the tower, making the platform more stable and limiting bumps (rotation of the tower in the direction of the wind) and turning (rotation of the tower perpendicular to the direction of the wind).
  • a mooring chain attached to the satellite pontoon provides a significant recovery torque to limit off-angle motion (rotational motion about the axis of the tower).
  • the material damping of prestressed (lightweight) concrete is higher than that of steel, which will help to reduce the vibration of the structure and improve the fatigue resistance of the structural part.
  • the damper plate provided at the bottom of the pontoon and the thickening treatment of the concrete surface will further improve the damping coefficient of the entire structure, thereby contributing to the improvement of the dynamic stability of the platform.
  • the design life of prestressed (lightweight) concrete structures is typically 100 years or more, while the life of offshore wind turbines is approximately 25 years.
  • the basic maintenance cost of the prestressed (lightweight) concrete structure during the life of the first installed fan is almost zero. As the structure with the least maintenance cost, it will also be serviced in the next 25 years of the second wind turbine. As long as a certain level of daily inspection and maintenance is carried out, it can also be serviced during the service life of the third and fourth fans. Routine maintenance is mainly for mechanical and electronic components of offshore wind turbines and floating platforms.
  • One of the pontoons is provided with a berthing facility with a ladder leading to the top of the pontoon, and maintenance personnel can enter the machine and control room and eventually reach the top of the tower.
  • Safety guardrails and safety rails are provided on the top surface of the beam as safety accessories to facilitate maintenance personnel to walk between the floats or, as an alternative, to enlarge the beams so that their internal space acts as a passage between the floats.
  • the machine and control room should have facilities that allow maintenance personnel to stay and communicate for a short period of time during remote maintenance or in inclement weather.
  • Sensors are installed in the air chamber and in the beam to detect flooding in any direction. Sensors for monitoring structural performance, including the state of concrete integrity, should be installed for structural health monitoring.
  • the risks are classified according to the results of the accident.
  • the first level of risk is that the floating platform is disconnected from the mooring chain and drifts away from the original anchor point.
  • the second level of risk is an impact with the ship.
  • the third level of risk is that the blades and towers are damaged in inclement weather. Other risks are the impact on navigation, shipping and fisheries, which can be handled in the usual way.
  • two mooring anchor chains are used on each pontoon for redundant setup.
  • the first cable is tighter than the second cable, so the second cable has a larger capacity. Therefore, when the first cable is broken, a second cable having a larger capacity will be put into use.
  • the last way to prevent it from harming the public is to sink the platform to the bottom of the sea. If the depth of the seabed is less than 100 meters, the fan hub is still above the water surface, so that the fan can be recovered for maintenance.
  • the invention also provides a prestressed (lightweight) concrete floating platform installation method for a floating wind farm.
  • Suspended offshore wind farms include multiple floating platforms moored in open seas.
  • prestressed (lightweight) concrete floating platforms Casting can be carried out in a conventional manner on land conditions on a dry dock.
  • the method presented here (Figs. 16-20) is not done in the dry dock, but in the dock or port side segment prefabrication method to build the floating platform, so this novel method is called prestressed (lightweight) concrete float Platform section construction "wet method”.
  • a prefabricated portion 53 is prepared in which a segment matching prefabrication is performed between the two planes using a shear key, which is a common method in bridge construction.
  • the guide pile 51 for controlling the position of the pontoon penetrates into the seabed.
  • These guide piles have mechanisms for supporting the drop-in positioning steel frame to secure the level and position of the float.
  • the pontoon 53 constructed by the segment prefabrication unit includes a damper plate 54 provided with a guide pile opening, and the pontoon 53 constructed by the segment prefabrication unit is hoisted to the guide pile 51 by means of a floating crane.
  • the positioning steel truss 52 (the column supported on the guiding pile 51 and the space truss) is also lowered and fixed on the guiding pile 51.
  • the pontoon 53 constructed by the segment prefabrication unit is then hoisted from the positioning steel truss 52 to a position by the sling 55 and fixed at this position, so that the connection of the prefabricated frame structure 57 portion and the construction of the segment prefabricated unit are constructed.
  • the construction of the pontoon 53 is carried out under dry conditions on the water.
  • the frame structure segment 56 is also transported to the port side.
  • a floating crane is used, hoisted and placed in the corresponding connection position of the pontoon 53, and then the pre-stressed and anchored joints are used to connect and fix the joint.
  • the floating platform is completed. The floating platform is free after the locking device is removed and the positioning steel truss 52 is removed.
  • Offshore construction installations include mooring anchor chains and mooring systems for towing embedded anchors.
  • Wind farms supported by floating platforms made of pre-stressed (lightweight) concrete can significantly reduce the cost of offshore wind farms, thereby eliminating barriers to implementation. It opens up opportunities to develop wind energy in intermediate water depths and deep waters (water depths of 20 to 100 meters or more). For countries without steel mills, wind energy can be obtained from offshore wind farms, breaking the monopoly of some big countries and further To promote the application of offshore wind farms, the floating platform can also develop marine pastures and wave energy and ocean solar energy, saving energy and reducing emissions and ocean and island economic benefits.
  • offshore wind farms can be developed as eco-tourism sites.
  • the prestressed (lightweight) concrete five pontoon platform has a central pontoon with a center pontometer diameter of 12 m, a height of 21 m, a wall thickness of 0.3 m to 0.4 m, and a top plate of 0.5 m and a bottom plate of 0.4 to 0.75 m.
  • the bottom plate extends beyond the damper plate having a diameter of 18 m.
  • a 10 m short length concrete tower was cast on the center pontoon.
  • a leg is provided at the top for anchoring the steel tower foundation to which the anchor is pre-installed.
  • a safety work platform is placed on top of the concrete tower.
  • For a 5 MW fan it weighs more than 200 tons and the rotor has a diameter of 120 meters, at which point the tower has a height of 90 meters. Together with the steel tower, the total weight of the fan will be between 700 and 1000 tons.
  • the four satellite buoys are 8 meters in diameter and 23 meters in height, respectively placed at the apex of the rectangle of 70.7x70.7m, ie the diagonal length is 100 meters.
  • the wall thickness of the pontoon is 0.3 to 0.4 meters at the bottom.
  • the top plate has a thickness of 0.3 m to 0.5 m and the bottom plate is 0.3 m to 0.6 m.
  • the bottom plate extends outward to form a damper plate having a diameter of 18 meters.
  • the diagonal length between the center buoy and the satellite buoy is 50 meters.
  • a pre-stressed (lightweight) concrete frame is used to connect each of the two floats.
  • the top and bottom beams are 3mx3m hollow components, allowing maintenance personnel to move within the hollow area of the top beam and the hollow section of the bottom beam to accommodate air to provide additional buoyancy.
  • Figure 21 shows a top plan view of the five pontoon settings.
  • the platform comprises a central pontoon 31 having a diameter of 12 meters and a height of 21 meters and four satellite pontoons 1 having a diameter of 8 meters and a height of 23 meters.
  • the solar panel 49 is mounted on the top panel and is supported by beams (3, 22).
  • FIG 22 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the platform.
  • the pontoon includes two waterproof portions: a machine and control room 26 and an air chamber 28.
  • the beam 3 is a 3 m by 3 m hollow structure, and the diagonal bar 4 is H-shaped.
  • the beam 3 serves as an internal passage 47 between the floats.
  • the sill 2 is used as part of the air chamber 28 to increase buoyancy.
  • a short concrete tower 20 is cast onto the pontoon to raise the height of the steel tower 5 away from the splash zone.
  • FIG. 23 shows that four impellers 21 are supported on the top beam 3 and the sub-frame 22.
  • the prestressed cable 35 further stabilizes the platform by triangular division.
  • the blade turbine 21 is No. in the application number. It is described in Chinese Patent Application No. 201120134135.1 and No. 201120038156.0.
  • Figure 24 shows a portion through the top beam 3, specifically showing the central pontoon 31 and the transverse partition 43 in the satellite pontoon 1 and the partition 46 at the concrete truss node.
  • the partition has an opening in the center 45 for internal access.
  • Fig. 25 shows the connection details of the center inner pontoon 31.
  • the sill 2 is connected to the pontoon by a prestressed cable 38 and by an anchor 13 that passes through the pontoon prestressed anchor block 30.
  • the walls of the pontoon are reinforced by a reinforced ring beam 25 having a depth of 2.0 meters.
  • Figure 26 shows the connection details of the pontoon inside the satellite. The joining is accomplished by combining the concrete anchor block 30, the prestressed cable 38, the anchor 13 and the reinforcing ring beam 25.
  • Figure 27 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a concrete truss.
  • Figure 28 shows the connection of the beam (2, 3) to the central pontoon using a prestressing method.
  • the prestressed cable 38 is installed in the beam and pulled from the inside of the pontoon, and the anchoring tension of each beam end is balanced by the reinforcing ring beam 25 and the plate 43.
  • the top beam 3 serves as an internal passage 47 in which a manhole is placed and a hatch 45 is provided.
  • the sill 2 serves as part of the air chamber 28 and has an open passage 44 in the pontoon wall.
  • the short concrete tower 20 is about 10 meters and is poured on top of the pontoon.
  • the steel tower is anchored to the concrete short tower by the anchor 11, and the working platform 17 and the guardrail 19 are provided.
  • the damper plate 10 has a diameter of about 18 meters and can be installed as a stiffener of the beam at the bottom of the pontoon or at the bottom beam.
  • the mooring anchor chain 6 is attached to the pontoon.
  • the solar panel 49 is mounted on a top panel that is supported by the sub-frame 50 on the top rail.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

Une plateforme flottante semi-submersible comprend au moins trois tubes flottants en béton de type cylindres creux (1). Les tubes flottants sont raccordés par le biais d'une structure de châssis transversale afin de former une structure comprenant un plan présentant la forme d'un triangle, d'un quadrilatère ou d'un polygone. La plateforme flottante est composée de béton précontraint et/ou de béton léger précontraint et/ou de béton de fibres précontraint. Sur chaque plateforme, une éolienne à axe horizontal et/ou au moins une éolienne à axe vertical (41) est montée et un générateur d'énergie solaire (49) et/ou d'énergie des vagues est éventuellement monté. L'invention concerne également un procédé de construction et d'installation d'une plateforme flottante en béton précontraint permettant de supporter une éolienne offshore. Par rapport à une plateforme flottante en acier, la plateforme flottante en béton présente des coûts considérablement réduits, un centre de gravité de structure faible et une stabilité de structure élevée. Le procédé de construction et d'installation de plateforme est similaire à un procédé de construction d'ensemble de segment de pont en béton précontraint préfabriqué segmentaire abouti. La plateforme est utilisée pour le développement d'une source d'énergie verte marine, électrique ou éolienne offshore dans laquelle la profondeur de l'eau est de 25 mètres ou de 100 mètres, voire supérieure.
PCT/CN2012/071136 2011-09-22 2012-02-14 Plateforme flottante en béton précontraint permettant de supporter une éolienne offshore et un générateur d'énergie marine WO2013040871A1 (fr)

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CN201110284931.5 2011-09-22

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US20140014020A1 (en) * 2011-03-29 2014-01-16 Victor Valeryevich Cheboxarov Wind power plant
DE102013222081A1 (de) * 2013-10-30 2015-04-30 Gicon Windpower Ip Gmbh In der offenen See schwimmendes und über Abspannmittel mit Ankern verbundenes Tragwerk für Windkraftanlagen, Servicestationen oder Konverterstationen
CN104595127A (zh) * 2015-01-08 2015-05-06 深圳市广发海能科技有限公司 一种立体三角垂轴共架构级联式发电风塔及实施方法
WO2015047148A3 (fr) * 2013-09-29 2015-08-13 Gox Ab Plateforme éolienne à neuf branches
EP2931597A1 (fr) * 2012-10-05 2015-10-21 Hexicon AB Plate-forme flottante et usine électrique comprenant une telle plate-forme flottante
US9518564B2 (en) 2010-11-04 2016-12-13 University Of Maine System Board Of Trustee Floating hybrid composite wind turbine platform and tower system
FR3051023A1 (fr) * 2016-05-03 2017-11-10 Dcns Flotteur notamment d'eolienne offshore
WO2017207934A1 (fr) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-07 Dietswell Éolienne flottante
DE102017204121A1 (de) 2017-03-13 2018-09-13 Gicon Windpower Ip Gmbh Schwimmfähige Offshore-Anlage zur Umwandlung von Windenergie und/oder Sonnenenergie in elektrische Energie
FR3064695A1 (fr) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-05 Dcns Energies Flotteur hybride d'eolienne offshore
FR3064694A1 (fr) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-05 Dcns Energies Flotteur hybride d'eolienne
CN108757338A (zh) * 2018-04-02 2018-11-06 广州航海学院 一种漂浮式风电场平稳与抗台的风机系统
CN109982923A (zh) * 2016-11-25 2019-07-05 日本日联海洋株式会社 浮体结构物
CN110435839A (zh) * 2019-09-06 2019-11-12 集美大学 一种漂浮式海上风光储发电系统雷达测风移动平台减摇基础承台
WO2020002160A1 (fr) * 2018-06-26 2020-01-02 Universitaet Stuttgart Ossature porteuse flottante pour une éolienne
CN111301622A (zh) * 2020-03-25 2020-06-19 天津大学 一种可迁移的海上风电浮式基础及其作业方法
GB2589641A (en) * 2019-12-06 2021-06-09 Marine Power Systems Ltd Buoyant platform
WO2021111138A1 (fr) * 2019-12-06 2021-06-10 Marine Power Systems Limited Plateforme flottante
FR3108953A1 (fr) 2020-04-06 2021-10-08 Olivier JUIN Structure porteuse d’installation de modules de captage d’energie eolienne
US11203398B2 (en) * 2017-11-21 2021-12-21 Axis Energy Projects Group Limited Buoy and installation method for the buoy
CN113864128A (zh) * 2021-10-27 2021-12-31 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司 海上风机支撑结构以及海上风机
CN113915070A (zh) * 2021-10-18 2022-01-11 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司 一种梁型海上浮式风力涡轮发电系统
US11225945B2 (en) 2019-05-30 2022-01-18 Principle Power, Inc. Floating wind turbine platform controlled to optimize power production and reduce loading
US20220128033A1 (en) * 2019-02-15 2022-04-28 Northeastern University Shallow draft, wide-base floating wind turbine without nacelle
CN114572356A (zh) * 2022-03-25 2022-06-03 重庆大学 一种钢-混凝土混合结构漂浮式风电基础
CN115107939A (zh) * 2021-03-23 2022-09-27 惠生（南通）重工有限公司 海上浮式风电组合式半潜平台基础及其安装方法
GB2605616A (en) * 2021-04-07 2022-10-12 Marine Power Systems Ltd Mooring arrangement for a tension leg platform
US20220325697A1 (en) * 2021-04-09 2022-10-13 Guangzhou Institute Of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy Of Sciences Deep-sea multi-energy integrated platform for complementary power generation, production, living and exploration
AU2022218538A1 (en) * 2022-08-17 2022-11-03 Thanh Tri Lam Net of non-horizontal connections
CN115571285A (zh) * 2022-08-26 2023-01-06 上海交通大学 一种海上浮式光伏平台
WO2023009010A1 (fr) * 2021-07-30 2023-02-02 Aker Offshore Wind Operating Company As Plate-forme d'éolienne flottante
CN115750211A (zh) * 2022-11-23 2023-03-07 华南理工大学 一种基于导管架平台的波浪能-风能发电装置集成系统
CN115743460A (zh) * 2022-11-23 2023-03-07 广州文船重工有限公司 一种海上浮式风电平台的施工方法
CN116001999A (zh) * 2022-12-12 2023-04-25 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种海上浮式平台装置以及施工方法和工作方法
WO2023144425A1 (fr) * 2022-01-28 2023-08-03 Acciona Construccion, S.A. Plate-forme semi-submersible
CN116552698A (zh) * 2023-04-14 2023-08-08 江苏大津重工有限公司 一种用于海洋平台风机叶片堆放的可拆卸式贝雷架结构
IT202200004748A1 (it) * 2022-03-11 2023-09-11 Fincantieri Spa Galleggiante per il supporto di un generatore eolico offshore
WO2023198137A1 (fr) * 2022-04-15 2023-10-19 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Éolienne flottante pourvue d'un dispositif de ballast actif
CN117002689A (zh) * 2023-06-29 2023-11-07 华中科技大学 一种变直径重心可调型漂浮式spar风电平台
CN117166439A (zh) * 2023-09-07 2023-12-05 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 海底轻量化升压站装置及海上发电系统
WO2024186215A1 (fr) * 2023-03-03 2024-09-12 Ids Invest As Plateforme flottante pour unités d'éolienne et procédé d'assemblage de la plateforme
EP4193060A4 (fr) * 2020-08-04 2024-10-02 Equinor Energy As Système d'amarrage pour éoliennes flottantes
EP4321423A4 (fr) * 2021-04-06 2024-10-09 Posco Co Ltd Plate-forme flottante et équipement d'énergie éolienne en mer flottant la comprenant

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US9518564B2 (en) 2010-11-04 2016-12-13 University Of Maine System Board Of Trustee Floating hybrid composite wind turbine platform and tower system
US9394035B2 (en) * 2010-11-04 2016-07-19 University Of Maine System Board Of Trustees Floating wind turbine platform and method of assembling
US9168984B2 (en) * 2011-03-29 2015-10-27 Federal Agency for Legal Protection of Millitary, Special and Dual Use Intellectual Activity Results (FALPIAR) Wind power plant
US20140014020A1 (en) * 2011-03-29 2014-01-16 Victor Valeryevich Cheboxarov Wind power plant
GB2503104A (en) * 2012-05-29 2013-12-18 Lunar Energy Power Ltd Submersible platform for attaching a plurality of energy producing devices
GB2503104B (en) * 2012-05-29 2016-10-19 Lunar Energy Power Ltd Apparatus and method for a submersible platform having attachment means for a plurality of energy-producing devices
EP2931597A1 (fr) * 2012-10-05 2015-10-21 Hexicon AB Plate-forme flottante et usine électrique comprenant une telle plate-forme flottante
EP2931597A4 (fr) * 2012-10-05 2016-07-27 Hexicon Ab Plate-forme flottante et usine électrique comprenant une telle plate-forme flottante
WO2015047148A3 (fr) * 2013-09-29 2015-08-13 Gox Ab Plateforme éolienne à neuf branches
DE102013222081B4 (de) * 2013-10-30 2016-05-12 Gicon Windpower Ip Gmbh In der offenen See schwimmendes und über Abspannmittel mit Ankern verbundenes Tragwerk für Windkraftanlagen, Servicestationen oder Konverterstationen
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DE102013222081A1 (de) * 2013-10-30 2015-04-30 Gicon Windpower Ip Gmbh In der offenen See schwimmendes und über Abspannmittel mit Ankern verbundenes Tragwerk für Windkraftanlagen, Servicestationen oder Konverterstationen
CN104595127A (zh) * 2015-01-08 2015-05-06 深圳市广发海能科技有限公司 一种立体三角垂轴共架构级联式发电风塔及实施方法
FR3051023A1 (fr) * 2016-05-03 2017-11-10 Dcns Flotteur notamment d'eolienne offshore
FR3052142A1 (fr) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-08 Dietswell Flotteur a pilonnement reduit, notamment pour une eolienne flottante.
FR3052195A1 (fr) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-08 Dietswell Eoliennes flottantes.
WO2017207934A1 (fr) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-07 Dietswell Éolienne flottante
WO2017207937A1 (fr) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-07 Dietswell Flotteur a pilonnement reduit, notamment pour une eolienne flottante
EP3546337A1 (fr) * 2016-11-25 2019-10-02 Japan Marine United Corporation Structure flottante
EP3546337A4 (fr) * 2016-11-25 2020-07-08 Japan Marine United Corporation Structure flottante
CN109982923A (zh) * 2016-11-25 2019-07-05 日本日联海洋株式会社 浮体结构物
DE102017204121A1 (de) 2017-03-13 2018-09-13 Gicon Windpower Ip Gmbh Schwimmfähige Offshore-Anlage zur Umwandlung von Windenergie und/oder Sonnenenergie in elektrische Energie
WO2018166939A1 (fr) 2017-03-13 2018-09-20 Gicon Windpower Ip Gmbh Installation en mer capable de flotter, destinée à convertir de l'énergie éolienne et/ou de l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique
DE102017204121B4 (de) 2017-03-13 2020-07-09 Gicon Windpower Ip Gmbh Schwimmfähige Offshore-Anlage zur Umwandlung von Windenergie und/oder Sonnenenergie in elektrische Energie
FR3064695A1 (fr) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-05 Dcns Energies Flotteur hybride d'eolienne offshore
FR3064694A1 (fr) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-05 Dcns Energies Flotteur hybride d'eolienne
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WO2020002160A1 (fr) * 2018-06-26 2020-01-02 Universitaet Stuttgart Ossature porteuse flottante pour une éolienne
US20220128033A1 (en) * 2019-02-15 2022-04-28 Northeastern University Shallow draft, wide-base floating wind turbine without nacelle
US11225945B2 (en) 2019-05-30 2022-01-18 Principle Power, Inc. Floating wind turbine platform controlled to optimize power production and reduce loading
CN110435839A (zh) * 2019-09-06 2019-11-12 集美大学 一种漂浮式海上风光储发电系统雷达测风移动平台减摇基础承台
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WO2021111138A1 (fr) * 2019-12-06 2021-06-10 Marine Power Systems Limited Plateforme flottante
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WO2021205293A1 (fr) 2020-04-06 2021-10-14 Juin Olivier Structure porteuse d'installation de modules de captage d'energie eolienne
FR3108953A1 (fr) 2020-04-06 2021-10-08 Olivier JUIN Structure porteuse d’installation de modules de captage d’energie eolienne
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WO2023009010A1 (fr) * 2021-07-30 2023-02-02 Aker Offshore Wind Operating Company As Plate-forme d'éolienne flottante
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WO2023144425A1 (fr) * 2022-01-28 2023-08-03 Acciona Construccion, S.A. Plate-forme semi-submersible
WO2023170625A1 (fr) * 2022-03-11 2023-09-14 Fincantieri S.P.A. Flotteur destiné au support d'un générateur éolien offshore
IT202200004748A1 (it) * 2022-03-11 2023-09-11 Fincantieri Spa Galleggiante per il supporto di un generatore eolico offshore
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WO2023198137A1 (fr) * 2022-04-15 2023-10-19 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Éolienne flottante pourvue d'un dispositif de ballast actif
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CN116001999B (zh) * 2022-12-12 2024-03-01 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种海上浮式平台装置以及施工方法和工作方法
CN116001999A (zh) * 2022-12-12 2023-04-25 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种海上浮式平台装置以及施工方法和工作方法
WO2024186215A1 (fr) * 2023-03-03 2024-09-12 Ids Invest As Plateforme flottante pour unités d'éolienne et procédé d'assemblage de la plateforme
CN116552698A (zh) * 2023-04-14 2023-08-08 江苏大津重工有限公司 一种用于海洋平台风机叶片堆放的可拆卸式贝雷架结构
CN117002689B (zh) * 2023-06-29 2024-01-12 华中科技大学 一种变直径重心可调型漂浮式spar风电平台
CN117002689A (zh) * 2023-06-29 2023-11-07 华中科技大学 一种变直径重心可调型漂浮式spar风电平台
CN117166439A (zh) * 2023-09-07 2023-12-05 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 海底轻量化升压站装置及海上发电系统

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