AU2022218538A1 - Net of non-horizontal connections - Google Patents

Net of non-horizontal connections Download PDF

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AU2022218538A1
AU2022218538A1 AU2022218538A AU2022218538A AU2022218538A1 AU 2022218538 A1 AU2022218538 A1 AU 2022218538A1 AU 2022218538 A AU2022218538 A AU 2022218538A AU 2022218538 A AU2022218538 A AU 2022218538A AU 2022218538 A1 AU2022218538 A1 AU 2022218538A1
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net
connections
objects
elements
floating
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Thanh Tri Lam
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/10—Alleged perpetua mobilia
    • F03G7/115—Alleged perpetua mobilia harvesting energy from inertia forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/008—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H19/00—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion
    • F16H19/02—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion
    • F16H19/06—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion comprising flexible members, e.g. an endless flexible member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H41/00—Rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
    • F16H41/02—Rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type with pump and turbine connected by conduits or ducts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H19/00—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion
    • F16H19/02—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion
    • F16H19/06—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion comprising flexible members, e.g. an endless flexible member
    • F16H19/0622—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion comprising flexible members, e.g. an endless flexible member for converting reciprocating movement into oscillating movement and vice versa, the reciprocating movement is perpendicular to the axis of oscillation
    • F16H19/0628—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion comprising flexible members, e.g. an endless flexible member for converting reciprocating movement into oscillating movement and vice versa, the reciprocating movement is perpendicular to the axis of oscillation the flexible member, e.g. a cable, being wound with one string to a drum and unwound with the other string to create reciprocating movement of the flexible member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H19/00—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion
    • F16H19/02—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion
    • F16H19/06—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion comprising flexible members, e.g. an endless flexible member
    • F16H2019/0609—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion comprising flexible members, e.g. an endless flexible member the reciprocating motion being created by at least one drum or pulley with different diameters, using a differential effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H19/00—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion
    • F16H19/02—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion
    • F16H19/06—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion comprising flexible members, e.g. an endless flexible member
    • F16H2019/0681—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion comprising flexible members, e.g. an endless flexible member the flexible member forming a closed loop
    • F16H2019/0686—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion comprising flexible members, e.g. an endless flexible member the flexible member forming a closed loop the flexible member being directly driven by a pulley or chain wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H19/00—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion
    • F16H19/08—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary motion and oscillating motion
    • F16H2019/085—Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary motion and oscillating motion by using flexible members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Abstract

The Net of Vertical Connections is required for stability of three-dimensional floating objects as it helps to prevent capsizing. In addition, it also provides damping efficiencies to the floating objects of the System of Three-Dimensional Flexible Porous Net of Multiple Floating Objects (3DFPNFO). 1/2 DRAWINGS The System of Three-Dimensional Flexible Porous Net of Multiple Floating Objects (3DFPNFO) with the Net of Vertical Connections integrated (1) Floating Objects (2) Water level (3) Net of Horizontal Lower Connections with Horizontal Lower Elements. (4) Net of Horizontal Upper Connections with Horizontal Upper Elements. (5) Net of Vertical Connections with Vertical Crossed Elements. (6) The Flexible Porous Net of Wave Absorbers/ Dampers (including #7) (7) Wave Absorbers/ Dampers. (8) Net of Horizontal Lower/ Upper Connections with Horizontal Lower Crossed Elements (#8b) and Horizontal Upper Crossed Elements (#8d). (9) Pulling Forces (opposite of the tensional forces) are pulling floating objects. (a) (b) 8b 3 3 (c) (d) 8d Figure 6 (con.)

Description

1/2
DRAWINGS
The System of Three-Dimensional Flexible Porous Net of Multiple Floating Objects (3DFPNFO) with the Net of Vertical Connections integrated
(1) Floating Objects
(2) Water level
(3) Net of Horizontal Lower Connections with Horizontal Lower Elements.
(4) Net of Horizontal Upper Connections with Horizontal Upper Elements.
(5) Net of Vertical Connections with Vertical Crossed Elements.
(6) The Flexible Porous Net of Wave Absorbers/ Dampers (including #7)
(7) Wave Absorbers/ Dampers.
(8) Net of Horizontal Lower/ Upper Connections with Horizontal Lower Crossed
Elements (#8b) and Horizontal Upper Crossed Elements (#8d).
(9) Pulling Forces (opposite of the tensional forces) are pulling floating objects.
(a) (b)
8b
3 3 (c) (d)
8d
Figure 6 (con.)
TITLE: NET OF VERTICAL CONNECTIONS FOR THE SYSTEM OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLEXIBLE POROUS NET OF MULTIPLE FLOATING OBJECTS FIELD
[0001] It is related to the fields of:
(1) Ocean Engineering and Structural Engineering (Structural Mechanics, Structural Dynamics, Fluid Mechanics (Hydrodynamics) and Finite Element
Method for dynamic fluid-structure Interaction analysis).
(2) Wave energy convertors, wind turbines, damping systems.
DESCRIPTION
1.1 The System of Three-Dimensional Flexible Porous Net of Multiple Floating Objects
(3DFPNFO) (Figure 6)
[0046] In addition to typical methods to station, individually, offshore floating objects
such as wind turbines, a solution of gathering these floating objects, if they are small
enough, working together as a whole, is developed.
[0047] If floating objects stand alone, they may need to be moored or damped
individually in order to prevent capsizing or moving away from the designated
positions. Instead of doing so, this solution is developed to provide a method for
stability of large quantity of floating or submerged independent distributed objects:
how to gather these objects working by linking together in coping with dynamic loads
of wind, waves and earthquakes. In other words, each floating object relies, flexibly,
to other objects of the whole to maintain its stability on the body of water.
[0048] Types of objects examined:
(1) Three-dimensional (3D) floating objects. For example, these objects are
floating structures, floating wave energy converters, floating wind turbines or
floating solar islands/ arrays.
(2) Submerged objects. For example, they are submerged wave energy
converters, anchors, wave absorbers, dampers, ...
(3) All 3D floating objects require capsizing prevention whereas submerged
objects might not need to meet the requirement.
[0049] The 3DFPNFO mainly comprising:
(1) Elements, which are linkages of ropes connecting floating or submerged
objects. The word "rope" mentioned here implies rope, cable, bar, beam or
frame. However, the flexibility and light weight of rope or cable are preferred
where it is applicable. Depending on circumstances, the following Elements might also be added: a) Compressional Beam or Dual Prestressed Rope Beam
(DPRB) and b) The Stretchable Vertical Crossed Elements (SVCE).
(2) Floating or submerged objects. The submerged objects can be simply masses,
dampers or wave absorbers.
(3) Anchoring/ mooring/wave absorbing/ damping systems orthe Flexible Porous
Net of Wave Absorbers/ Dampers (FPNWA/D) can be integrated.
(4) The method connecting/ securing these objects together to assure the
geometrical flexibility and stability of the whole system of 3DFPNFO.
[0050] Purposes of technical development of the 3DFPNFO:
(1) Guaranteeing that all 3D floating objects are uncapsizable on the surface of
water subjected to waves, winds, earthquakes or any other kind of loads.
(2) Maintaining distances, relatively, between these consecutive floating or
submerged objects.
(3) Limiting horizontal movements of the floating or submerged objects caused by
waves, currents of water or winds or any kind of loads.
(4) Limiting vertical movements of the floating or submerged objects. Damping
systems may need to be integrated to reduce oscillations of the floating
objects.
(5) Gaining further vertical movements, within limits, as required by stability
conditions, of the floating objects: if Floating Damping Wave Energy Convertor
(FDWEC)s, which are wave energy convertors with dampers integrated, are
included, an appropriate solution might be included to gain more potential
energy for the FDWECs generating electricity.
[0051] Floating objects on the surface of water may be required to be uncapsizable.
For this purpose, each 3D floating objects must be connected via Elements from at
least 4 points that are not in the same plane. These points are called nodes. The object
can be modelled as a 3D frame which has trusses linking from each node to all other
nodes for dynamic fluid-structure integration analysis. If an object has 4 nodes, the
number of trusses is 6.
[0052] Arrangements of the Elements:
[0053] There are three types of arrangements of Elements integrated for the stability
of the 3DFPNFO: the Net of Horizontal Lower Connections; the Net of Vertical
Connections and the Net of Horizontal Upper Connections. They are described below:
[0054] The Net of Horizontal Lower Connections (Figure 6 (a), #3):
(1) Firstly, each floating object must have at least 3 nodes for horizontal lower
connections. The ideal number of nodes for horizontal connections is 4.
Horizontal connection is the connection between two nodes of two
consecutive floating objects via an Element assumed to be parallel with the
horizontal plane. All the three mentioned nodes and Elements connecting
from these nodes to consecutive floating objects are assumed to be in the
same horizontal plane as well. These three nodes are called (Horizontal) Lower
Nodes. Thus, all floating objects are connecting together, from Lower Nodes
of every floating object to selected Lower Nodes of consecutive floating
objects. These connections are called Horizontal Lower Connections. All
Elements of the Horizontal Lower Connections form a net that is called the Net
of Horizontal Lower Connections.
(2) The Elements of the Net of Horizontal Lower Connections are called the
Horizontal Lower Elements (#3).
(3) So, the first requirement of connections of the 3DFPNFO is the establishment
of the Net of Horizontal Lower Connections for the group of floating objects.
(4) The Lower Nodes of a floating object form a plane called "The Base Plane of
Floating Object" (BPFO)
(5) Every floating object also have at least 3 points defining another plane that, if
the water is static, it is the same with the plane of the surface of water. The
plane is call "Equilibrium Plane of Floating Object" (EPFO).
(6) In designs of the Net of Horizontal Lower Connections, the BPFO needs to be:
a) Parallel with EPFO which is horizontal.
b) The elevation of the BPFO is as low as possible, even positioned deeply in
water. If the elevation of BPFO is lower than that of EPFO, the system
requires less horizontal force for holding the floating objects from
capsizing.
c) Might contains the centre of mass of the floating object in some
circumstances.
d) The centre of mass of the floating object should be as low as possible,
ideally lower than the EPFO.
(7) The Net of Horizontal Lower Connections contributes the following functions
to the 3DFPNFO:
a) Holding/ mooring/anchoring the floating objects within the designated
positions.
b) Contributing to maintaining distances between consecutive floating
objects.
c) Providing damping effects vertically if the Elements are stressed hard
enough.
d) It is one of the parts ofthe the 3DFPNFO required for its stability.
[0055] The Net of Vertical Connections (Figure 6 (e), #5):
(1) The 3DFPNFO requires stability related to capsizing 3D floating objects. Thus,
the 3DFPNFO integrates the Net of Vertical Connections for stability of its third
dimension, which is the condition of Stability for capsizing prevention. The Net
of Vertical Connections is described below:
(2) Beside at least 3 Lower Nodes in the Horizontal Plane (two dimensions) of the
Horizontal Lower Connections mentioned above, every floating object has at
least one node, which is called Upper Node, for vertical connections to secure
the stability of the third dimension of the object. If these Upper Nodes are
being hold/ moored properly, the floating object will not capsize. Upper Nodes
of every floating object are connected to selected Lower Nodes of consecutive
floating objects. This type of (vertical) connection is called Vertical Connection.
(3) Elements of the Vertical Connection, which is called Vertical Crossed Elements,
form a net called the Net of Vertical Connections. There are two types of
Vertical Crossed Elements: Standard Vertical Crossed Elements, which are un
stretchable, and Stretchable Vertical Crossed Elements. Flexible Vertical
Crossed Elements such as ropes or cables are preferred.
(4) The Net of Vertical Connections provides the following functions to the
3DFPNFO:
a) It helps to prevent capsizing: if the floating object is moved upward by a
wave (Figure 6 (g)), the Upper Node of the floating object is moved faraway
from itsequilibrium position, resultingto pullingand liftingupthe bottoms
of other linked consecutive floating objects (by pulling forces #9 in Figure
6 (g). The pulling forces #9 are caused by tensions of the Elements/ Ropes).
In addition, if there are also links from Upper Nodes of the floating object
to Upper Nodes of the linked consecutive floating objects (Figure 6 (c), #4),
the tops of the linked Consecutive floating objects are being pulled as well.
Thus, the motions of the floating object pull the linked consecutive floating
objects. As a result, the inertial forces caused by the linked consecutive
floating objects response and prevent the motions. It means that the
floating object is prevented from both capsizing and oscillating. Thus, if a
large numberof floating objects interact together, the tops of these objects
tend to stay close to their equilibrium positions. The floating objects are
not only being hold from capsizing but also being damped as well.
b) Holding/ mooring/anchoring top of the floating objects within the
designated positions as explained above.
c) Contributing to maintaining distances between consecutive floating
objects.
d) Providing damping effects vertically as explained above.
e) It is one of the components of the the 3DFPNFO required for its stability.
(5) If the 3DFPNFO includes FDWECs, the Net of Vertical Connections might be
integrated with Stretchable Vertical Crossed Elements, which are the Multi
Vertical Rectangular Elements (Figure 8 (a), #1) or the Excessive Vertical
Crossed Elements (Figure 8 (b), #2) or the Vertical Crossed Spring Elements
(Figure 8 (c), #3)), for reaching larger, but still within limit, vertical
displacements. As a result, more potential energy is gained for generating
electricity using wave energy convertors such as the FDWECs.
[0056] The Net of Horizontal Upper Connections (Figure 6 (c), #4): Elements of
connections between Upper Nodes of consecutive floating objects form a net called
The Net of Horizontal Upper Connections, which is parallel with the Net of Horizontal
Lower Connections. The Elements of the Net of Horizontal Upper Connections are
called the Horizontal Upper Elements (#4). The functions of the Net of Horizontal
Upper Connections are the same to that of the Net of Horizontal Lower Connections.
However, unlike the Net of Horizontal Lower Connections, which contributes stability
to the bottoms of floating objects, the Net of Horizontal Upper Connections
contributes stability to the tops of the floating objects.
[0057] In addition to the Horizontal Lower/ Upper Elements, the Net of Horizontal
Lower/ Upper Connections also has the Horizontal Lower Crossed Elements (Figure 6
(b), #8b) and the Horizontal Upper Crossed Elements (Figure 6 (d), #8d).
[0058] Technical Features of the 3DFPNFO:
[0059] The 3DFPNFO is developed based on the identification of the dynamic
interactions between objects of the 3DFPNFO which is in turn relying on three
dimensional flexible structural connections between floating objects via Elements
with adding damping systems and/or the FPNWA/Ds. The structure of the 3DFPNFO is
flexible (geometrically variable) thanks to flexible Elements integrated or joint
connections of Elements applied. The features of the 3DFPNFO, which can be proven
with results from computations of dynamic fluid-structure interaction analysis, are
described below:
(1) Group Damping: The whole 3DFPNFO is a damping system of which the floating
objects plays both roles: damping and being damped in group. When an object
moves far enough from the equilibrium position, tensions appear in the
Elements between the object and its linked consecutive objects, transferring
and distributing the energy of motions from the object to all other linked
consecutive objects of the system through Elements. It can be understood
that, in this case, the object shares its displacements to all other consecutive
objects of the system. Thus, a large enough number of objects on the surface
of water behave in the same manner, neutralizing motions of every object of the system and keeping Elements to be tensional (to be closer to straight) at all times, which, in turn, limit these objects movingtoo farfrom the equilibrium positions: the whole systems is being damped because all its objects are oscillating closer to the equilibrium positions. Thus, it can be concluded that damping effects is created based on dynamic fluid-structure interactions between the objects, which are both damping and being damped.
Suppose that all Elements are springs, the system is obviously a damping
system, of which the floating objects are both damping and being damped. If
these springs are replaced with elements having much harder stiffness such as
ropes/cables/ bars/beams, the system still remains to be damped but
displacements of the objects with be much less. The efficiency of this type of
damping can be proven with dynamic fluid-structure interaction analysis. If
floating objects are separated, oscillations of them are much larger. In
contrast, when these floating objects are connected with ropes or cables, their
oscillations caused by waves are reduced significantly.
(2) Group Mooring/ Positioning/ Distancing between objects: as the tensional
forces appear in Elements between each object and other linked consecutive
objects, the object is being moored by its linked consecutive objects. Thus,
these floating objects are mooring and being moored together, reducing
mooring/ anchoring to ground directly. In addition, the Elements keep the
distance between two nodes not to be greater than the length of the linkage
(if the linkage is a rope/cable/bar) or keep the distance between two nodes to
be fixed and equal to the length of the linkages (if the linkage is an element of
truss/ frame/ beam capable to compressional force)
(3) Group Absorbing (Wave Energy): The 3DFPNFO, which includes the FPNWA/D
(Figure 6 (f)) are beneficial in absorbing wave energy and reducing oscillations
of the floating objects. The FPNWA/D also provides efficiencies of Group
Damping to the 3DFPNFO as well.
(4) Group Stability: thanks to the method of 3D flexible connections of floating
objects described above, including the effects of damping, mooring and wave
energy absorbing systems, the floating objects are able to be stable when
linking/ connecting together to form the 3DFPNFO.
[0060] If the 3DFPNFO is applied for energy systems which requires less oscillations,
damping systems or the FPNWA/D should be integrated. If the 3DFPNFO is applied for
energy systems which include FDWECs, the need of gaining more potential energy
with the 3DFPNFO leads to the integration of The Stretchable Vertical Crossed
Elements. In addition, the structure of the 3DFPNFO can also be beneficial when
grounding instead of floating. In this case, all features and components/ devices
related to floating are excluded.
[0061] If the 3DFPNFO requires clearance for waterways between its arrays, The
Solution of Arch Waterway through Linked Floating Objects can be integrated as well.

Claims (1)

1. A Net of Vertical Connections comprising a number of Vertical Crossed
Elements for damping and stabilizing three dimensional interlinked floating objects.
AU2022218538A 2022-08-17 2022-08-18 Net of non-horizontal connections Active AU2022218538B2 (en)

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AU2022218546A Abandoned AU2022218546A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-18 Dual prestressed rope beam
AU2022218538A Active AU2022218538B2 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-18 Net of non-horizontal connections
AU2022218550A Abandoned AU2022218550A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-18 Flexible porous net of wave absorbers or dampers
AU2022218537A Abandoned AU2022218537A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-18 System of three-dimensional flexible porous net of multiple floating objects
AU2022218552A Abandoned AU2022218552A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-18 Surrounding prestressed floating post
AU2022218587A Abandoned AU2022218587A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 Bidirectional linear to rotational transmission system
AU2022218602A Abandoned AU2022218602A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 Method of applying submerged hanging hollow damper
AU2022218615A Abandoned AU2022218615A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 Method of automatic controlled stationed rope
AU2022218609A Abandoned AU2022218609A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 Method of automatic rope retracting mechanism
AU2022218600A Active AU2022218600B2 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 Submerged hanging hollow damper
AU2022218586A Active AU2022218586B2 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 Twisting oscillated mechanical power transmission system
AU2022218636A Active AU2022218636B2 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-20 Revolution roller guide
AU2022218637A Abandoned AU2022218637A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-20 Liquid kinetic damping float
AU2022218638A Abandoned AU2022218638A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-20 Flexible compressible net of ropes
AU2022218639A Abandoned AU2022218639A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-20 Elevational crossed dual axes pivot arm
AU2022221376A Abandoned AU2022221376A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-22 Flexible interlinked wave energy system for utility scale plants
AU2022221375A Abandoned AU2022221375A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-22 Solution of maximizing differential motions
AU2022221575A Abandoned AU2022221575A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-27 Surface distributed damping system for three dimensional interlinked floating objects
AU2022256200A Abandoned AU2022256200A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-10-21 Dual floats based wave energy convertor
AU2023282209A Pending AU2023282209A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2023-12-13 Methods of automatic rope retracting mechanism

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AU2022218550A Abandoned AU2022218550A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-18 Flexible porous net of wave absorbers or dampers
AU2022218537A Abandoned AU2022218537A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-18 System of three-dimensional flexible porous net of multiple floating objects
AU2022218552A Abandoned AU2022218552A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-18 Surrounding prestressed floating post
AU2022218587A Abandoned AU2022218587A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 Bidirectional linear to rotational transmission system
AU2022218602A Abandoned AU2022218602A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 Method of applying submerged hanging hollow damper
AU2022218615A Abandoned AU2022218615A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 Method of automatic controlled stationed rope
AU2022218609A Abandoned AU2022218609A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 Method of automatic rope retracting mechanism
AU2022218600A Active AU2022218600B2 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 Submerged hanging hollow damper
AU2022218586A Active AU2022218586B2 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 Twisting oscillated mechanical power transmission system
AU2022218636A Active AU2022218636B2 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-20 Revolution roller guide
AU2022218637A Abandoned AU2022218637A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-20 Liquid kinetic damping float
AU2022218638A Abandoned AU2022218638A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-20 Flexible compressible net of ropes
AU2022218639A Abandoned AU2022218639A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-20 Elevational crossed dual axes pivot arm
AU2022221376A Abandoned AU2022221376A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-22 Flexible interlinked wave energy system for utility scale plants
AU2022221375A Abandoned AU2022221375A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-22 Solution of maximizing differential motions
AU2022221575A Abandoned AU2022221575A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-08-27 Surface distributed damping system for three dimensional interlinked floating objects
AU2022256200A Abandoned AU2022256200A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2022-10-21 Dual floats based wave energy convertor
AU2023282209A Pending AU2023282209A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2023-12-13 Methods of automatic rope retracting mechanism

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