WO2013040719A1 - Moteurs à combustion interne à auto-allumage pouvant fonctionner avec des huiles brutes végétales de haute viscosité formant des dépôts, qui sont composées de mélanges variables d'acides gras saturés et insaturés et sont chargées d'impuretés liées au processus de pression - Google Patents

Moteurs à combustion interne à auto-allumage pouvant fonctionner avec des huiles brutes végétales de haute viscosité formant des dépôts, qui sont composées de mélanges variables d'acides gras saturés et insaturés et sont chargées d'impuretés liées au processus de pression Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013040719A1
WO2013040719A1 PCT/CH2012/000209 CH2012000209W WO2013040719A1 WO 2013040719 A1 WO2013040719 A1 WO 2013040719A1 CH 2012000209 W CH2012000209 W CH 2012000209W WO 2013040719 A1 WO2013040719 A1 WO 2013040719A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
plant oils
fuel
self
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH2012/000209
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Beat Frei
Original Assignee
Karya ATMI Foundation
Karya Bakti Surakarta Foundation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Karya ATMI Foundation, Karya Bakti Surakarta Foundation filed Critical Karya ATMI Foundation
Publication of WO2013040719A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013040719A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M39/00—Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus with respect to engines; Pump drives adapted to such arrangements
    • F02M39/02—Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus to facilitate the driving of pumps; Arrangements of fuel-injection pumps; Pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/065—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction for reducing soot ignition temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/066—Retrofit of secondary fuel supply systems; Conversion of engines to operate on multiple fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/06—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for preventing coking, e.g. of fuel injector discharge orifices or valve needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9038—Coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/95—Fuel injection apparatus operating on particular fuels, e.g. biodiesel, ethanol, mixed fuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to self-igniting internal combustion engines, which are operated with biogenic crude oil mixtures of variable composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
  • Such devices are described in many ways, inter alia in EP 1 326 014 A2, DE 198 27 463A1, DE 1526 313 and DE 33 43 677 A1.
  • EP 1 326 014 A2 DE 198 27 463A1, DE 1526 313 and DE 33 43 677 A1.
  • only partial solutions for the operation of internal combustion engines with vegetable oils are proposed without ensuring the unrestricted user field capability with it.
  • a comprehensive solution for the motor control of variable viscosity and composition of non-uniform biogenic oils from jatropha, for example, is indispensable for the field capability of internal combustion engines. Due to the inconsistency of the carboxylic acid content of the crude oils enriched with cellulose residues and other chemical minimums in suspension, in turn, uneven formation and deposition mechanisms for the tarry residues of the combustion result. The resulting strong fluctuation of the flash point ultimately complicates the starting behavior with the hand crank despite the usually high cetane numbers of the raw biogenic oils.
  • the object now is to represent an unrestricted field-suitable solution according to the invention in claims 1 and 2, so that the continuous structure of the carbonaceous deposits on the combustion chamber side injection nozzle surfaces is limited to allowable layer thickness of ⁇ 50 ⁇ , especially in the edge region and the vicinity of the spray holes. It also makes it possible to easily start the internal combustion engine with the hand crank without further aids, as well as continuous motor operation in the field, irrespective of the variable viscosity, the oil composition and the residual contamination of the raw biogenic fuel of the trophy.
  • the inventive embodiment of internal combustion engines according to claim 1 and 2 represent a cost-effective solution, especially for small, self-igniting internal combustion engines with decentralized by the small farmer produced raw vegetable oil from toxic Jatropha. operate. Thanks to the retrofit process, small series of ⁇ 5000 units / year can be made available at market prices in tropical and subtropical emerging markets on site with basic equipment from large manufacturers.
  • FIG. 2 Enlarged detail of Fig. 1: nozzle with spray holes in the overview Fig. 3 fuel supply system as a retrofit add-on unit: System sketch
  • Fig. 4 fuel system Spatial image of the retrofit cultivation system
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the region of the combustion chamber with the nozzle tip 27 of a self-igniting internal combustion engine with the injection nozzle 20, the piston ben 21, the piston recess 22, the cylinder head 24 and the valves 25.
  • Fig. 26 the nozzle-near portion of the cylinder head floor is shown.
  • the nozzle tip 27 and the nozzle body 13 with the spray holes 12 are shown.
  • the layer 11 designates the PVD layer schematically, since the layer thickness of 0.5-2.5 ⁇ graphically vivid is not representable due to the small extent.
  • the exit edges 17 of the injection holes 12 are the critical area for the initiation of carbon deposition and the trumpet formation and thus the disturbance of the injection jets until complete coverage of the injection holes 12th
  • the injection nozzle 20 can be seen in an enlarged view with a spray hole 12 in section.
  • the PVD layer is indicated by 11.
  • Their function as a deposit barrier can be spatially limited to the projecting into the combustion chamber, front portion of the nozzle 20 to the point 16 of the nozzle body.
  • the area 18 need not be coated, but is co-coated for practical reasons.
  • the exit edges 17 of the injection holes 12 act as attachment nuclei for the continuous, layered deposition of the tar aerosols and other volatile hydrocarbon combustion residues with high polymerization and condensing affinity to the metallic matrix due to the original fatty acid carboxyl residues and their derivatives.
  • 10 denotes the nozzle needle, 13 the nozzle body and 14 the fuel supply hole of the injection nozzle 20th
  • thermostable, ceramic multilayer 1 in the form of a combination of AITiN, CrN and TiN in the parametric PVD-ARC process a defined adhesion and diffusion barrier can be produced on the component surface against the hydrocarbon radicals affine to the matrix of the material.
  • the spray hole edges 17 are coated from the outside upstream to a hole depth of 2 x hole diameter decreasing:
  • the increased physical Spritzlochkantenakti- activity for adhesion initiation for the tarry deposits through the ceramic coating as an adhesion barrier as well reduced permissible values.
  • the non-metallic layer 11 to be produced can be trimmed to thicknesses of 0.5 to 2.5 ⁇ m and requires no reworking after the deposition process. Thicker layers mean higher costs with no added benefit.
  • PVD-ARC Process Specific Coating Preparation Procedures Workpieces must be matched to the component geometry and the surface structure in order to achieve the maximum barrier effect of the layers.
  • Fig. 3 the retrofit fuel system according to claim 2 is shown.
  • the fuel tank 30 is connected to the pump cover 35 mounted on the valve cover 45 through the supply pipe 43.
  • the translational stroke movement of the motor valve 25 activated by the cam is transmitted to the pump tappet 37 of the feed pump 35 directly at half the motor frequency.
  • the pressure relief valve 31 sets the fuel supply pressure engine speed and viscosity independent to 3-4 bar. The excess fuel flows back into the supply line 43 or the tank 30.
  • the 5-m filter 32 the fine, residual cellulose residues from the crude oil pressing process of biogenic raw materials are retained.
  • the motor-side, non-disassembling system 46 represents the existing plug-in injection pump 33, the means of the integrated cam system 40 and 41 in phasing accomplished the correct injection timing.
  • the high-pressure line 34 leads the pulsed injection pulses at> 500 bar to the injector 38.
  • the line 42 returns the amount of leakage to the tank 30.
  • the piston 39 with the combustion chamber 22 forms the working space of the internal combustion engine.
  • Fig. 4 the cultivation of the retrofit fuel system to the internal combustion engine is shown as a quasi-spatial image for clarity.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé ainsi que le mode de réalisation d'une buse d'injection (20) et d'un système d'alimentation en carburant, qui permettent de faire fonctionner des moteurs à combustion interne à auto-allumage en extérieur, sans restriction, avec des huiles végétales brutes problématiques. L'invention concerne l'application de barrières anti-adhérence et anti-diffusion sous la forme de couches de céramique minces (11) selon le procédé de dépôt physique en phase vapeur sur des faces extérieures, côté chambre de combustion, des buses d'injection (20), afin d'empêcher la formation de dépôts goudronneux épais sur les parties critiques de la buse d'injection, y compris des orifices de sortie (12) des trous d'injection. L'invention concerne par ailleurs un système d'alimentation en carburant facile à monter, qui permet de faire fonctionner le moteur à combustion interne à auto-allumage quelle que soit la viscosité et de le faire démarrer manuellement à la manivelle, sans autre moyen auxiliaire, lorsque différentes huiles végétales brutes sont utilisées comme carburant. Le procédé s'applique au système d'alimentation en carburant facile à monter en post-équipement, destiné à des moteurs à combustion interne à auto-allumage fonctionnant avec différentes huiles végétales brutes.
PCT/CH2012/000209 2011-09-20 2012-09-01 Moteurs à combustion interne à auto-allumage pouvant fonctionner avec des huiles brutes végétales de haute viscosité formant des dépôts, qui sont composées de mélanges variables d'acides gras saturés et insaturés et sont chargées d'impuretés liées au processus de pression WO2013040719A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01558/11A CH705573A2 (de) 2011-09-20 2011-09-20 Selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschine für den Betrieb mit rohen Pflanzenölen.
CH1558/11 2011-09-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013040719A1 true WO2013040719A1 (fr) 2013-03-28

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PCT/CH2012/000209 WO2013040719A1 (fr) 2011-09-20 2012-09-01 Moteurs à combustion interne à auto-allumage pouvant fonctionner avec des huiles brutes végétales de haute viscosité formant des dépôts, qui sont composées de mélanges variables d'acides gras saturés et insaturés et sont chargées d'impuretés liées au processus de pression

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CH (1) CH705573A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013040719A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1526313A1 (de) 1963-10-10 1969-02-06 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Luftverdichtende selbstzuendende Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine
DE3343677A1 (de) 1983-12-02 1985-06-13 Ludwig Ing.(grad.) 8543 Hilpoltstein Elsbett Reduzierung der waerme- und schadstoffemissionen bei dieselmotoren
DE19827463A1 (de) 1998-06-19 1999-12-23 Fev Motorentech Gmbh Direkteinspritzender Dieselmotor mit tumblegestütztem Brennverfahren
EP1326014A2 (fr) 2001-12-10 2003-07-09 Georg Gruber Moteur à injection directe à allumage spontané
US20070231229A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2007-10-04 Rae Alan Robert S Methods for Reducing Particulate Matter Emissions From Diesel Engine Exhaust Using Ethanol/Diesel Fuel Blends in Combination with Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
DE102008055136A1 (de) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und System zur Einspritzung von Kraftstoff in Brennkraftmaschinen
DE102009028609A1 (de) * 2009-08-18 2011-02-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Manuell betätigbare Pumpenvorrichtung

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1526313A1 (de) 1963-10-10 1969-02-06 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Luftverdichtende selbstzuendende Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine
DE3343677A1 (de) 1983-12-02 1985-06-13 Ludwig Ing.(grad.) 8543 Hilpoltstein Elsbett Reduzierung der waerme- und schadstoffemissionen bei dieselmotoren
DE19827463A1 (de) 1998-06-19 1999-12-23 Fev Motorentech Gmbh Direkteinspritzender Dieselmotor mit tumblegestütztem Brennverfahren
EP1326014A2 (fr) 2001-12-10 2003-07-09 Georg Gruber Moteur à injection directe à allumage spontané
US20070231229A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2007-10-04 Rae Alan Robert S Methods for Reducing Particulate Matter Emissions From Diesel Engine Exhaust Using Ethanol/Diesel Fuel Blends in Combination with Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
DE102008055136A1 (de) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und System zur Einspritzung von Kraftstoff in Brennkraftmaschinen
DE102009028609A1 (de) * 2009-08-18 2011-02-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Manuell betätigbare Pumpenvorrichtung

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Publication number Publication date
CH705573A2 (de) 2013-03-28

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