WO2013040719A1 - Self-igniting internal combustion engines for operating with deposit-forming crude plant oils with high viscosity, said crude plant oils consisting of variable mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and being permeated with impurities due to the pressing process - Google Patents

Self-igniting internal combustion engines for operating with deposit-forming crude plant oils with high viscosity, said crude plant oils consisting of variable mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and being permeated with impurities due to the pressing process Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013040719A1
WO2013040719A1 PCT/CH2012/000209 CH2012000209W WO2013040719A1 WO 2013040719 A1 WO2013040719 A1 WO 2013040719A1 CH 2012000209 W CH2012000209 W CH 2012000209W WO 2013040719 A1 WO2013040719 A1 WO 2013040719A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
plant oils
fuel
self
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH2012/000209
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Beat Frei
Original Assignee
Karya ATMI Foundation
Karya Bakti Surakarta Foundation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Karya ATMI Foundation, Karya Bakti Surakarta Foundation filed Critical Karya ATMI Foundation
Publication of WO2013040719A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013040719A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M39/00—Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus with respect to engines; Pump drives adapted to such arrangements
    • F02M39/02—Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus to facilitate the driving of pumps; Arrangements of fuel-injection pumps; Pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/065—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction for reducing soot ignition temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/066—Retrofit of secondary fuel supply systems; Conversion of engines to operate on multiple fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/06—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for preventing coking, e.g. of fuel injector discharge orifices or valve needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9038—Coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/95—Fuel injection apparatus operating on particular fuels, e.g. biodiesel, ethanol, mixed fuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to self-igniting internal combustion engines, which are operated with biogenic crude oil mixtures of variable composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
  • Such devices are described in many ways, inter alia in EP 1 326 014 A2, DE 198 27 463A1, DE 1526 313 and DE 33 43 677 A1.
  • EP 1 326 014 A2 DE 198 27 463A1, DE 1526 313 and DE 33 43 677 A1.
  • only partial solutions for the operation of internal combustion engines with vegetable oils are proposed without ensuring the unrestricted user field capability with it.
  • a comprehensive solution for the motor control of variable viscosity and composition of non-uniform biogenic oils from jatropha, for example, is indispensable for the field capability of internal combustion engines. Due to the inconsistency of the carboxylic acid content of the crude oils enriched with cellulose residues and other chemical minimums in suspension, in turn, uneven formation and deposition mechanisms for the tarry residues of the combustion result. The resulting strong fluctuation of the flash point ultimately complicates the starting behavior with the hand crank despite the usually high cetane numbers of the raw biogenic oils.
  • the object now is to represent an unrestricted field-suitable solution according to the invention in claims 1 and 2, so that the continuous structure of the carbonaceous deposits on the combustion chamber side injection nozzle surfaces is limited to allowable layer thickness of ⁇ 50 ⁇ , especially in the edge region and the vicinity of the spray holes. It also makes it possible to easily start the internal combustion engine with the hand crank without further aids, as well as continuous motor operation in the field, irrespective of the variable viscosity, the oil composition and the residual contamination of the raw biogenic fuel of the trophy.
  • the inventive embodiment of internal combustion engines according to claim 1 and 2 represent a cost-effective solution, especially for small, self-igniting internal combustion engines with decentralized by the small farmer produced raw vegetable oil from toxic Jatropha. operate. Thanks to the retrofit process, small series of ⁇ 5000 units / year can be made available at market prices in tropical and subtropical emerging markets on site with basic equipment from large manufacturers.
  • FIG. 2 Enlarged detail of Fig. 1: nozzle with spray holes in the overview Fig. 3 fuel supply system as a retrofit add-on unit: System sketch
  • Fig. 4 fuel system Spatial image of the retrofit cultivation system
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the region of the combustion chamber with the nozzle tip 27 of a self-igniting internal combustion engine with the injection nozzle 20, the piston ben 21, the piston recess 22, the cylinder head 24 and the valves 25.
  • Fig. 26 the nozzle-near portion of the cylinder head floor is shown.
  • the nozzle tip 27 and the nozzle body 13 with the spray holes 12 are shown.
  • the layer 11 designates the PVD layer schematically, since the layer thickness of 0.5-2.5 ⁇ graphically vivid is not representable due to the small extent.
  • the exit edges 17 of the injection holes 12 are the critical area for the initiation of carbon deposition and the trumpet formation and thus the disturbance of the injection jets until complete coverage of the injection holes 12th
  • the injection nozzle 20 can be seen in an enlarged view with a spray hole 12 in section.
  • the PVD layer is indicated by 11.
  • Their function as a deposit barrier can be spatially limited to the projecting into the combustion chamber, front portion of the nozzle 20 to the point 16 of the nozzle body.
  • the area 18 need not be coated, but is co-coated for practical reasons.
  • the exit edges 17 of the injection holes 12 act as attachment nuclei for the continuous, layered deposition of the tar aerosols and other volatile hydrocarbon combustion residues with high polymerization and condensing affinity to the metallic matrix due to the original fatty acid carboxyl residues and their derivatives.
  • 10 denotes the nozzle needle, 13 the nozzle body and 14 the fuel supply hole of the injection nozzle 20th
  • thermostable, ceramic multilayer 1 in the form of a combination of AITiN, CrN and TiN in the parametric PVD-ARC process a defined adhesion and diffusion barrier can be produced on the component surface against the hydrocarbon radicals affine to the matrix of the material.
  • the spray hole edges 17 are coated from the outside upstream to a hole depth of 2 x hole diameter decreasing:
  • the increased physical Spritzlochkantenakti- activity for adhesion initiation for the tarry deposits through the ceramic coating as an adhesion barrier as well reduced permissible values.
  • the non-metallic layer 11 to be produced can be trimmed to thicknesses of 0.5 to 2.5 ⁇ m and requires no reworking after the deposition process. Thicker layers mean higher costs with no added benefit.
  • PVD-ARC Process Specific Coating Preparation Procedures Workpieces must be matched to the component geometry and the surface structure in order to achieve the maximum barrier effect of the layers.
  • Fig. 3 the retrofit fuel system according to claim 2 is shown.
  • the fuel tank 30 is connected to the pump cover 35 mounted on the valve cover 45 through the supply pipe 43.
  • the translational stroke movement of the motor valve 25 activated by the cam is transmitted to the pump tappet 37 of the feed pump 35 directly at half the motor frequency.
  • the pressure relief valve 31 sets the fuel supply pressure engine speed and viscosity independent to 3-4 bar. The excess fuel flows back into the supply line 43 or the tank 30.
  • the 5-m filter 32 the fine, residual cellulose residues from the crude oil pressing process of biogenic raw materials are retained.
  • the motor-side, non-disassembling system 46 represents the existing plug-in injection pump 33, the means of the integrated cam system 40 and 41 in phasing accomplished the correct injection timing.
  • the high-pressure line 34 leads the pulsed injection pulses at> 500 bar to the injector 38.
  • the line 42 returns the amount of leakage to the tank 30.
  • the piston 39 with the combustion chamber 22 forms the working space of the internal combustion engine.
  • Fig. 4 the cultivation of the retrofit fuel system to the internal combustion engine is shown as a quasi-spatial image for clarity.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to the design of the injection nozzle (20) and the fuel supply system in order to allow the unrestricted field capability of self-igniting internal combustion engines when operated with problematic crude plant oils. The invention relates to the application of adhesion- and diffusion-impeding barriers in the form of thin ceramic layers (11) to the combustion chamber-side outer surfaces of the injection nozzles (20) in accordance with the PVD method in order to prevent the buildup of thick tarry deposits on the critical regions of the injection nozzle, including the injection exit openings (12). As a solution, the invention further relates to a fuel supply system which can be fitted in a simple manner and which allows the self-igniting internal combustion engine to be operated in a viscosity-independent manner and to be hand-started using a hand crank without additional aid when using different crude plant oils as fuel. The method relates to the retrofit fuel supply system which can be fitted in a simple manner according to the invention for self-igniting internal combustion engines for operating with different crude plant oils.

Description

Patentanmeldung  Patent application
Titel title
Brennkraftmaschinen mit selbstzündender Verbrennung zum Betrieb mit ablagerungsbildenden, pflanzlichen Rohölen mit hoher Viskosität bestehend aus variablen Gemischen von gesättigten und ungesättigten Fettsäuren und durchsetzt mit pressprozess- bedingten Verunreinigungen.  Internal combustion engine with self-igniting combustion for operation with high viscosity deposit-forming vegetable oils consisting of variable mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and interspersed with impurities caused by pressing process.
Technisches Gebiet Technical area
Die Erfindung betrifft selbstzündende Brennkraftmaschinen, die mit biogenen Rohölgemischen variabler Zusammensetzung aus gesättigten und ungesättigten Fettsäuren betrieben werden. Solche Einrichtungen sind vielfältig beschrieben, unter anderem in EP 1 326 014 A2, DE 198 27 463A1 , DE 1526 313 und DE 33 43 677 A1. In all diesen Patentschriften werden ausschliesslich partielle Lösungen für den Betrieb von Brennkraftmaschinen mit Pflanzenölen vorgeschlagen ohne die uneingeschränkte Anwender-Feldtauglichkeit damit zu gewährleisten. The invention relates to self-igniting internal combustion engines, which are operated with biogenic crude oil mixtures of variable composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Such devices are described in many ways, inter alia in EP 1 326 014 A2, DE 198 27 463A1, DE 1526 313 and DE 33 43 677 A1. In all of these patents, only partial solutions for the operation of internal combustion engines with vegetable oils are proposed without ensuring the unrestricted user field capability with it.
Eine umfassende Lösung für die motorische Beherrschung der variablen Viskosität und Zusammensetzung der nichtuniformen biogenen Öle vom Jatropha zum Beispiel ist un- erlässlich für die Feldtauglichkeit der Brennkraftmaschinen. Infolge der Uneinheitlichkeit der Carbonsäuren-Anteile der Rohöle angereichert mit Zelluloseresten und weiteren chemischen Minimalstoffen in Suspension ergeben sich wiederum uneinheitliche Bil- dungs- und Ablagerungsmechanismen für die teerartigen Rückstände der Verbrennung. Die daraus ebenfalls resultierende starke Schwankung des Flammpunktes schlussendlich erschwert das Startverhalten mit der Handkurbel trotz der meist hohen Cetanzahlen der rohen biogenen Öle.  A comprehensive solution for the motor control of variable viscosity and composition of non-uniform biogenic oils from jatropha, for example, is indispensable for the field capability of internal combustion engines. Due to the inconsistency of the carboxylic acid content of the crude oils enriched with cellulose residues and other chemical minimums in suspension, in turn, uneven formation and deposition mechanisms for the tarry residues of the combustion result. The resulting strong fluctuation of the flash point ultimately complicates the starting behavior with the hand crank despite the usually high cetane numbers of the raw biogenic oils.
Aufgabe task
Die Aufgabe besteht nun darin, eine uneingeschränkte feldtaugliche Lösung gemäss der Erfindung in den Ansprüchen 1 und 2 darzustellen, so dass der kontinuierlichen Aufbau der kohleartigen Ablagerungen an den brennraumseitigen Einspritzdüsenflächen auf zulässige Schichtdicke von < 50 μηι, insbesondere im Kantenbereich und dem nahen Umfeld der Spritzlöcher begrenzt wird. Ebenso wird damit der einfache Starte der Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit der Handkurbel ohne weitere Hilfsmittel wie auch der motorische Dauerbetrieb im Feld, unabhängig von der variablen Viskosität, der Ölzu- sammensetzung und der Restverschmutzung des rohen biogenen Brennstoffes des Ja- tropha u.a. ermöglicht. The object now is to represent an unrestricted field-suitable solution according to the invention in claims 1 and 2, so that the continuous structure of the carbonaceous deposits on the combustion chamber side injection nozzle surfaces is limited to allowable layer thickness of <50 μηι, especially in the edge region and the vicinity of the spray holes. It also makes it possible to easily start the internal combustion engine with the hand crank without further aids, as well as continuous motor operation in the field, irrespective of the variable viscosity, the oil composition and the residual contamination of the raw biogenic fuel of the trophy.
Vorteil der Erfindung Advantage of the invention
Die erfindungsgemässe Ausführung von Brennkraftmaschinen nach Anspruch 1 und 2 stellen eine kostengünstige Lösung insbesondere für kleine, selbstzündende Brennkraftmaschinen dar, die mit dezentral vom Kleinbauern erzeugtem rohem Pflanzenöl vom toxischem Jatropha z.B. betrieben werden. Durch das Retrofit-Verfahren können mit Basisgeräten von Grossherstellern auch Kleinserien mit < 5000 Einheiten/Jahr zu marktgängigen Preisen in tropischen und subtropischen Schwellenländer vor Ort bereitgestellt werden. The inventive embodiment of internal combustion engines according to claim 1 and 2 represent a cost-effective solution, especially for small, self-igniting internal combustion engines with decentralized by the small farmer produced raw vegetable oil from toxic Jatropha. operate. Thanks to the retrofit process, small series of <5000 units / year can be made available at market prices in tropical and subtropical emerging markets on site with basic equipment from large manufacturers.
Wie ein aktuelles Beispiel in Indonesien zeigt, gewinnt ein typischer Familienkleinbetrieb für Reisanbau mit 10 ha Nutzfläche auf den entlegenen Inseln Indonesiens beim Einsatz des erfindungsgemässen Gerätes bei Verwendung von auf peripherem, sonst nicht nutzbarem, marginalem Land selbst erzeugtem, rohem Jatrophaöl als Brennstoff pro Jahr mehr als 3 Monatslöhne an einheimischer Wertschöpfung als Ausgaben für nicht benötigten importierten Dieseltreibstoff.  As a recent example in Indonesia shows, a typical family small business for rice cultivation with 10 hectares of usable land on the remote islands of Indonesia in the use of the inventive device when using on peripheral, otherwise unusable, marginal land itself generated, raw jatropha oil as fuel per year more as 3 months wages of domestic value added as expenditures for unneeded imported diesel fuel.
Aufzählung der Figuren Aufzählung of the figures
Fig. 1 Kolben-Düsen Darstellung mit PVD-Schicht Fig. 1 piston-nozzle representation with PVD layer
Fig. 2 Vergrösserter Ausschnitt der Fig. 1 : Düse mit Spritzlöchern in der Übersicht Fig. 3 Brennstoffversorgungssystem als Retrofit-Anbaueinheit: System-Skizze  Fig. 2 Enlarged detail of Fig. 1: nozzle with spray holes in the overview Fig. 3 fuel supply system as a retrofit add-on unit: System sketch
Fig. 4 Brennstoff-System: Räumliches Bild des Retrofit-Anbausystems Fig. 4 fuel system: Spatial image of the retrofit cultivation system
Beschreibung Erfindung Description invention
In Fig. 1 ist ein Schnittbild des Bereiches des Brennraumes mit der Düsenspitze 27 einer selbstzündenden Brennkraftmaschine dargestellt mit der Einspritzdüse 20, dem Kol- ben 21 , der Kolbenmulde 22, dem Zylinderkopf 24 und den Ventilen 25. In 26 ist der düsennahe Bereich des Zylinderkopfbodens dargestellt. 1 shows a sectional view of the region of the combustion chamber with the nozzle tip 27 of a self-igniting internal combustion engine with the injection nozzle 20, the piston ben 21, the piston recess 22, the cylinder head 24 and the valves 25. In Fig. 26, the nozzle-near portion of the cylinder head floor is shown.
Im vergrösserten Bereich der Düsenspitze 27 der Fig. 1 sind die Düsenspitze 27, und der Düsenkörper 13 mit den Spritzlöchern 12 dargestellt. Der Layer 11 bezeichnet die PVD-Schicht schematisch, da die Schichtdicke von 0.5 -2.5 μιη graphisch anschaulich auf Grund der geringen Ausdehnung nicht darstellbar ist. Die Austrittskanten 17 der Spritzlöcher 12 sind der kritische Bereich für die Initiierung der Kohleablagerung und der Trompetenbildung und damit der Störung der Einspritzstrahlen bis zur kompletten Überdeckung der Spritzlöcher 12.  In the enlarged area of the nozzle tip 27 of FIG. 1, the nozzle tip 27 and the nozzle body 13 with the spray holes 12 are shown. The layer 11 designates the PVD layer schematically, since the layer thickness of 0.5-2.5 μιη graphically vivid is not representable due to the small extent. The exit edges 17 of the injection holes 12 are the critical area for the initiation of carbon deposition and the trumpet formation and thus the disturbance of the injection jets until complete coverage of the injection holes 12th
In Fig. 2 sind in vergrösserter Darstellung die Einspritzdüse 20 mit einem Spritzloch 12 im Schnitt ersichtlich. Die PVD-Schicht ist mit 11 angedeutet. Deren Funktion als Ablagerungs-Barriere kann räumlich auf den in den Brennraum ragenden, vorderen Bereich der Düse 20 bis zur Stelle 16 des Düsenkörpers begrenzt werden. Der Bereich 18 muss nicht beschichtet werden, wird aber aus praktischen Verfahrensgründen mitbeschichtet. Die Austrittskanten 17 der Spritzlöcher 12 wirken wie Anlagerungskeime für die kontinuierliche, schichtende Ablagerung der Teer-Aerosole und anderen flüchtigen Kohlenwasserstoff-Verbrennungsresten mit hoher Polymerisierungs- und Kondensierungsaffi- nität zur metallischen Matrix auf Grund der ursprünglichen Fettsäuren-Carboxyl-Resten und deren Derivate. 10 bezeichnet die Düsennadel, 13 den Düsenkörper und 14 die Brennstoffzufuhrbohrung der Einspritzdüse 20.  In Fig. 2, the injection nozzle 20 can be seen in an enlarged view with a spray hole 12 in section. The PVD layer is indicated by 11. Their function as a deposit barrier can be spatially limited to the projecting into the combustion chamber, front portion of the nozzle 20 to the point 16 of the nozzle body. The area 18 need not be coated, but is co-coated for practical reasons. The exit edges 17 of the injection holes 12 act as attachment nuclei for the continuous, layered deposition of the tar aerosols and other volatile hydrocarbon combustion residues with high polymerization and condensing affinity to the metallic matrix due to the original fatty acid carboxyl residues and their derivatives. 10 denotes the nozzle needle, 13 the nozzle body and 14 the fuel supply hole of the injection nozzle 20th
Durch das Aufbringen einer thermostabilen, keramischen Mehrfachschicht 1 in Form einer Kombination von AITiN, CrN und TiN im parametrisierten PVD-ARC-Verfahren kann eine definierte Adhäsions- und Diffusionsbarriere auf der Bauteiloberfläche erzeugt werden gegen die zur Matrix des Werkstoffes affinen Kohlenwasserstoff-Radikale. Bei fachmännischer Ausgestaltung des PVD-Prozesses werden die Spritzlochkanten 17 von aussen her stromaufwärts bis zu einer Lochtiefe von 2 x Lochdurchmesser abnehmend mitbeschichtet: Dadurch wird die erhöhte physikalische Spritzlochkantenakti- vität zur Anhaftungsinitiierung für die teerigen Ablagerungen durch den keramischen Überzug als Adhäsions-Barriere ebenso auf zulässige Werte reduziert. .  By applying a thermostable, ceramic multilayer 1 in the form of a combination of AITiN, CrN and TiN in the parametric PVD-ARC process, a defined adhesion and diffusion barrier can be produced on the component surface against the hydrocarbon radicals affine to the matrix of the material. In the professional design of the PVD process, the spray hole edges 17 are coated from the outside upstream to a hole depth of 2 x hole diameter decreasing: Thus, the increased physical Spritzlochkantenakti- activity for adhesion initiation for the tarry deposits through the ceramic coating as an adhesion barrier as well reduced permissible values. ,
Die zu erzeugende nichtmetallische Schicht 11 kann auf Dicken von 0.5 - 2.5 pm getrimmt werden und bedürfen keiner Nacharbeit nach dem Abscheideprozess. Dickere Schichten bedeuten höhere Kosten bei keinem zusätzlichen Nutzen. The non-metallic layer 11 to be produced can be trimmed to thicknesses of 0.5 to 2.5 μm and requires no reworking after the deposition process. Thicker layers mean higher costs with no added benefit.
Die PVD-ARC- prozessspezifischen Verfahren für die Beschichtungsvorbereitung der Werkstücke müssen auf die Bauteilgeometrie und die Oberflächenstruktur abgestimmt werden, um eine maximale Barriere-Wirkung der Schichten zu erzielen. The PVD-ARC Process Specific Coating Preparation Procedures Workpieces must be matched to the component geometry and the surface structure in order to achieve the maximum barrier effect of the layers.
Die Erfahrung zeigt, dass an diesem dünnen Überzug die teerigen Ablagerungen wenig haften und nach nur geringem Auftrag wieder abplatzen. Experience shows that on this thin coating, the tarry deposits stick little and flake off again after only a small order.
Die verbrennungsstörende Trompetenbildung als auswärts gerichteter Spritzlochfortsatz mit unzulässiger Einspritzstrahlablenkung am Lochaustritt und damit einhergehender Lochabdeckung wird so verhindert.  The combustion-disturbing trumpet formation as an outwardly directed injection orifice with inadmissible injection jet deflection at the hole exit and associated hole cover is thus prevented.
In Fig. 3 ist das Retrofit-Brennstoffsystems nach Anspruch 2 dargestellt. Der Brennstofftank 30 ist durch die Zufuhrleitung 43 mit der auf dem Ventildeckel 45 angebrachten Förderpumpe 35 verbunden. Die translatorische Hubbewegung des durch den Nocken aktivierten Motorventils 25 wird auf den Pumpenstössel 37 der Förderpumpe 35 direkt mit halber Motorfrequenz übertragen. Mit dem Handbetätigungshebel 36 wird bei stehender Brennkraftmaschine als Startvorbereitung derselben der Brennstoffversorgungsdruck zur Vollfüllung des Pumpenelementes der Einspritzpumpe 33 manuell aufgebaut, so das die maximale Startmenge sofort schon beim 1. Start-Zyklus erreicht wird. Das Druckbegrenzungsventil 31 stellt den Brennstoffvordruck motordrehzahl- und viskositätsunabhängig auf 3-4 bar ein. Der überschüssige Brennstoff fliesst in die Zuleitung 43 oder den Tank 30 zurück. Im 5- m Filter 32 werden die feinen, restlichen Zelluloserückstände aus dem Rohöl-Pressprozess der biogenen Rohstoffe zurückgehalten.  In Fig. 3, the retrofit fuel system according to claim 2 is shown. The fuel tank 30 is connected to the pump cover 35 mounted on the valve cover 45 through the supply pipe 43. The translational stroke movement of the motor valve 25 activated by the cam is transmitted to the pump tappet 37 of the feed pump 35 directly at half the motor frequency. With the manual override lever 36, the fuel supply pressure for full filling of the pump element of the injection pump 33 is manually established when the engine is stationary as starting preparation, so that the maximum starting quantity is already reached immediately at the first start cycle. The pressure relief valve 31 sets the fuel supply pressure engine speed and viscosity independent to 3-4 bar. The excess fuel flows back into the supply line 43 or the tank 30. In the 5-m filter 32, the fine, residual cellulose residues from the crude oil pressing process of biogenic raw materials are retained.
Das motorseitige, nicht zu demontierende System 46 stellt die bestehende Steckeinspritzpumpe 33 dar, die Mittels des integrierten Nockensystems 40 und 41 in Phasenlage das korrekte Einspritztiming bewerkstelligt. Die Hochdruckleitung 34 führt die getakteten Einspritzpulse bei > 500 bar zum Einspritzer 38. Die Leitung 42 führt die Lek- kagemenge zum Tank 30 zurück. Der Kolben 39 mit dem Brennraum 22 bildet den Arbeitsraum der Verbrennungskraftmaschine. The motor-side, non-disassembling system 46 represents the existing plug-in injection pump 33, the means of the integrated cam system 40 and 41 in phasing accomplished the correct injection timing. The high-pressure line 34 leads the pulsed injection pulses at> 500 bar to the injector 38. The line 42 returns the amount of leakage to the tank 30. The piston 39 with the combustion chamber 22 forms the working space of the internal combustion engine.
In Fig. 4 ist der Anbau des Retrofit-Brennstoffsystems an die Verbrennungskraftmaschine als quasi-räumliches Bild zur Verdeutlichung dargestellt. In Fig. 4 the cultivation of the retrofit fuel system to the internal combustion engine is shown as a quasi-spatial image for clarity.
Alle gemäss Anspruch 1 ,2 und 3 notwendigen Baugruppen und Komponenten sind von aussen an die bestehende Verbrennungskraftmaschine anbau- oder montierbar ohne wesentliche Baugruppend derselben demontieren zu müssen. Dadurch können der Umbauzeitaufwand und die Modifikationskosten tief gehalten werden.  All according to claim 1, 2 and 3 necessary assemblies and components can be attached to the existing internal combustion engine or mounted without the need to dismantle essential components of the same. As a result, the conversion time and the modification costs can be kept low.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschine bestückt mit Einspritzdüsen mit PVD- Beschichtung an den brennraumseitigen Aussenflächen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die eine Barriere bildende, keramische Schicht die An- und Ablagerungen von Verbrennungsrückständen zu dicken Schichten beim Einsatz von rohen Pflanzenölen als Brennstoff verhindert. 1. A self-igniting internal combustion engine equipped with injectors with PVD coating on the combustion chamber side outer surfaces, characterized in that the barrier-forming, ceramic layer prevents deposits and deposits of combustion residues to thick layers when using crude vegetable oils as fuel.
2. Selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschine zum Betrieb mit rohen Pflanzenölen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Retrofit-Brennstoffversorgungsystem bestehend aus einer Brennstoffzuführleitung vom Tank zur vom Stösselhub des Ein- oder Auslassventils angetriebenen Plunger-Versorgungspumpe auf dem Ventildeckel und dem nachgeschalteten Druckbegrenzungsventil mit Rückleitung für den überflüssigen Brennstoff und dem in Serie liegenden Feinfilter für die Speisung der Einspritzsteckpumpe ein brennstoffviskositätsunabhängiger Betrieb der Verbrennungskraftmaschine ermöglicht. 2. auto-ignition internal combustion engine for use with raw vegetable oils, characterized in that the retrofit fuel supply system consisting of a fuel supply from the tank to the plunger stroke of the intake or exhaust valve driven plunger supply pump on the valve cover and the downstream pressure relief valve with return for the superfluous fuel and the in-line fine filter for feeding the injection pump a fuel viscosity independent operation of the internal combustion engine allows.
3. Retrofit-Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch den nachträglichen Anbau des Retrofit-Brennstoffversorgungssystem an vorhandene, selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschinen ohne deren Zerlegung oder der Demontage wesentlicher Motorkomponenten derselben sowohl der Handstart ohne Hilfsmittel als auch der reguläre Dauerbetrieb der Verbrennungskraftmaschine bewerkstelligt wird. 3. Retrofit process, characterized in that by the subsequent cultivation of the retrofit fuel supply system to existing, self-igniting internal combustion engines without the dismantling or disassembly of essential engine components of the same both the hand start without aids and the regular continuous operation of the internal combustion engine is accomplished.
4. Selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschine nach Anspruch 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für den Handstartvorgang ohne Hilfsmittel die Plunger-Versorgungspumpe mit einer überlagerten Handbetätigung versehen ist zum Vorfüllen des Pumpenraumes der Einspritzsteckpumpe mit Brennstoff bei stehendem Motor als hinreichende Startvorbereitung 4. auto-ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 2, characterized in that the plunger supply pump is provided with a superimposed manual operation for priming the pump chamber of the injection pump with fuel when the engine is stationary as sufficient start preparation for the manual start operation without tools
5. Selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die äusseren Kannten und der folgende, zylinderförmige Teil der Spritzlöcher der Einspritzdüse stromaufwärts nach innen mit 2x Lochdurchmesser mitbeschichtet aus geführt sind. 5. auto-ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer edges and the following, cylindrical part of the injection holes of the injection nozzle are carried out upstream coated inwardly with 2x hole diameter.
6. Selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Eintauchtiefe des Düsenspitzes der Einspritzdüse in den Brennraum um mindestens 1.0 mm vergrössert wird. 6. A compression-ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the immersion depth of the nozzle tip of the injection nozzle in the combustion chamber is increased by at least 1.0 mm.
7. Selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Düsenöffnungsdruck um mindestens 50 bar erhöht wird. 7. auto-ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle opening pressure is increased by at least 50 bar.
8. Selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1 und 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass rohe Pflanzenöle als Gemische mit stark abweichender Zusammensetzung im Vergleich zu Jatrophaöl eingesetzt werden. 8. A compression-ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that raw vegetable oils are used as mixtures having a very different composition compared to jatropha oil.
9. Selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1 und 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Partikelfilter mit katalytischer Beschichtung im Abgasstrom eingebaut wird zur Reduzierung der Regenerationsprozess-Light-Off-Temperatur und zum Oxidieren der giftigen Aldehyde im Abgas wie Acrolein bei Temperaturen von T < 350°C. 9. auto-ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that a particulate filter with catalytic coating is installed in the exhaust stream to reduce the regeneration process light-off temperature and oxidize the toxic aldehydes in the exhaust gas such as acrolein at temperatures of T <350 ° C. ,
10. Selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschinen nach Anspruch 1 und 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit einem PVD-Coating Hochtemperaturschichten insbesondere ΑΙΤΊΝ an den brennraumseitigen Aussenflächen der Kolbenmulde, des Zylinderkopfbodens und der Ventile aufgebracht werden. 10. A compression ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that are applied with a PVD coating high temperature layers in particular ΑΙΤΊΝ on the combustion chamber side outer surfaces of the piston recess, the cylinder head floor and the valves.
11. Selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschinen nach Anspruch 1 und 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die pflanzenölbeaufschlagten, hydraulischen Innenflächen der Einspritzdüse und der Einspritzsteckpumpe mit einer Nitrierschicht als Reaktionshemmer versehen werden zur Unterdrückung der durch die Ölsäuren des Brennstoffes induzierten Herauslösung des Chromes aus der Matrix der Bauteilwerkstoffe. 11. A compression-ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the vegetable oil-loaded, hydraulic inner surfaces of the injection nozzle and the injection pump are provided with a nitriding layer as a reaction inhibitor for suppressing the induced by the oil acids of the fuel dissolution of the chromium from the matrix of the component materials.
12. Selbstzündende Verbrennungskraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1 ,2 und 3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Zylinder eine Maschine als Arbeitseinheit bilden. 12. A compression-ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that a plurality of cylinders form a machine as a working unit.
PCT/CH2012/000209 2011-09-20 2012-09-01 Self-igniting internal combustion engines for operating with deposit-forming crude plant oils with high viscosity, said crude plant oils consisting of variable mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and being permeated with impurities due to the pressing process WO2013040719A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1558/11 2011-09-20
CH01558/11A CH705573A2 (en) 2011-09-20 2011-09-20 A compression ignition internal combustion engine for operation with crude vegetable oils.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013040719A1 true WO2013040719A1 (en) 2013-03-28

Family

ID=46982308

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CH2012/000209 WO2013040719A1 (en) 2011-09-20 2012-09-01 Self-igniting internal combustion engines for operating with deposit-forming crude plant oils with high viscosity, said crude plant oils consisting of variable mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and being permeated with impurities due to the pressing process

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CH (1) CH705573A2 (en)
WO (1) WO2013040719A1 (en)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1526313A1 (en) 1963-10-10 1969-02-06 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Air-compressing self-igniting piston internal combustion engine
DE3343677A1 (en) 1983-12-02 1985-06-13 Ludwig Ing.(grad.) 8543 Hilpoltstein Elsbett Reduction of the heat and pollutant emissions in diesel engines
DE19827463A1 (en) 1998-06-19 1999-12-23 Fev Motorentech Gmbh Diesel engine with direct fuel injection, especially for private motor vehicle
EP1326014A2 (en) 2001-12-10 2003-07-09 Georg Gruber Auto-ignition direct injection combustion engine
US20070231229A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2007-10-04 Rae Alan Robert S Methods for Reducing Particulate Matter Emissions From Diesel Engine Exhaust Using Ethanol/Diesel Fuel Blends in Combination with Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
DE102008055136A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and system for injecting fuel into internal combustion engines
DE102009028609A1 (en) * 2009-08-18 2011-02-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Manually operated pump device for exhaustion of fuel injection system of internal-combustion engine, has housing that is adjusted besides annular piston

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1526313A1 (en) 1963-10-10 1969-02-06 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Air-compressing self-igniting piston internal combustion engine
DE3343677A1 (en) 1983-12-02 1985-06-13 Ludwig Ing.(grad.) 8543 Hilpoltstein Elsbett Reduction of the heat and pollutant emissions in diesel engines
DE19827463A1 (en) 1998-06-19 1999-12-23 Fev Motorentech Gmbh Diesel engine with direct fuel injection, especially for private motor vehicle
EP1326014A2 (en) 2001-12-10 2003-07-09 Georg Gruber Auto-ignition direct injection combustion engine
US20070231229A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2007-10-04 Rae Alan Robert S Methods for Reducing Particulate Matter Emissions From Diesel Engine Exhaust Using Ethanol/Diesel Fuel Blends in Combination with Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
DE102008055136A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and system for injecting fuel into internal combustion engines
DE102009028609A1 (en) * 2009-08-18 2011-02-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Manually operated pump device for exhaustion of fuel injection system of internal-combustion engine, has housing that is adjusted besides annular piston

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH705573A2 (en) 2013-03-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE102006009099A1 (en) Fuel injection system for use in e.g. diesel internal combustion engine, has pressure regulating valve that is arranged between check valve and dosing valve and is connected with system by outlet
EP1693564A3 (en) Fuel injector with direct needle control for an internal combustion engine
AT511880B1 (en) WEAR-OPTIMIZED MANUFACTURE OF TAPPY SPRAY HOLES
DE102011076670A1 (en) Fuel injection system for injecting fuel in internal combustion engine, has low-pressure system with tank and low-pressure pump, and water supply arrangement and device for admixing water to fuel
EP2476890B1 (en) Supply device with a fuel transport device and use of such a supply device
DE602004005152T2 (en) Valve body, fluid injector and method of manufacturing a valve body
DE102006025332A1 (en) Method and device for cleaning valves
WO2013040719A1 (en) Self-igniting internal combustion engines for operating with deposit-forming crude plant oils with high viscosity, said crude plant oils consisting of variable mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and being permeated with impurities due to the pressing process
EP1088985A3 (en) High pressure fuel injector for an internal combustion engine
EP1354133B1 (en) Fuel-injection device
DE102006010632A1 (en) Injection method for injecting fuel and water into a combustion chamber on an internal combustion engine injects fuel just once while relying on an operating point to inject water repeatedly
WO2004020817A1 (en) Fuel injection device
DE10057683B4 (en) Fuel injection system
AT512423A1 (en) INJECTION NOZZLE FOR INJECTING MEDIA TO THE COMBUSTION ENGINE OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
DE102006034633A1 (en) Combustion chamber and intake tract cleaning method for motor vehicle, involves extending igniting device into combustion chamber, such that fuel/air mixture in chamber is inflamed when inlet valve in is opened
WO2007082598A1 (en) Fuel injector
DE10337893A1 (en) Fuel injection system and method for injecting fuel
DE102009044785A1 (en) Control valve for reducing the injection quantity variation and provided with this injector
DE102008041167A1 (en) Fuel injector for storage-type injector systems for injecting pressurized fuel into combustion chamber of internal combustion engine, has injector housing, which comprises internal high-pressure volume for injecting highly pressurized fuel
DE10054526A1 (en) injection
WO2013189682A1 (en) Method for operating a common rail injection system
DE19919665A1 (en) Fuel injector
DE102008013250A1 (en) Operating method for a piston engine
AT508128B1 (en) METHOD FOR INJECTING WATER IN A SIGNIFICANTLY CONTAINED SPACE
EP0971103B1 (en) A compression ignition type engine with a device for exhaust treatment

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 12769306

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 12769306

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1