WO2013038423A2 - Système combiné de refroidissement/chauffage et production d'énergie au moyen d'énergie durable - Google Patents

Système combiné de refroidissement/chauffage et production d'énergie au moyen d'énergie durable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013038423A2
WO2013038423A2 PCT/IN2012/000460 IN2012000460W WO2013038423A2 WO 2013038423 A2 WO2013038423 A2 WO 2013038423A2 IN 2012000460 W IN2012000460 W IN 2012000460W WO 2013038423 A2 WO2013038423 A2 WO 2013038423A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
cooling
boilers
steam
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2012/000460
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013038423A3 (fr
Inventor
Ramkrishna SONDE
Gajanan DESHPANDE
P. Babu
Suhas CHAVAN
Original Assignee
Thermax Limited
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Publication of WO2013038423A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013038423A2/fr
Publication of WO2013038423A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013038423A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
    • F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/008—Control systems for two or more steam generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combined cooling/heating and power generation system, particularly, the present invention relates to a combined cooling/heating and power generation system using sustainable energy.
  • the cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) systems simultaneously produce two types of energy: heat energy and electricity, from a single fuel source.
  • CHP combined heat and power
  • the ability to generate two forms of energy from a single source offers tremendous efficiency and thus both cost savings and environmental benefits.
  • Indirect-fired absorption chillers which use steam, hot water or hot gases steam from a boiler, turbine or fuel cell as their primary heat input, are well suited for integration into such cogeneration systems to utilize rejected heat (waste heat) from gas turbine or steam turbine (non-condensing and extraction type).
  • the cogeneration systems are operated by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, lignite, natural gas, and the like; the heat energy generated by combustion is transferred to water to obtain superheated steam which is subsequently expanded in a steam turbine to produce mechanical energy/work. This work is later extracted by means of a generator to produce useful electrical energy. However, all of the thermal energy is not converted into electricity, and a considerable amount of this thermal energy is lost as excess heat. This excess heat is captured by the cogeneration system for use in the absorption chillers.
  • fossil fuels such as coal, oil, lignite, natural gas, and the like
  • a cogeneration system having a generator unit that generates DC power, an internal combustion engine for driving the generator unit, a battery that stores the DC power for starting the engine, and an inverter that inverts the DC power generated by the generator unit to AC power; there are provided a solar unit that generates DC power by converting radiant energy of sunlight into electrical energy and a DC/DC converter that boosts the DC power stored in the battery, such that one of the battery and the solar unit is connected to the inverter through the DC/DC converter, thereby enabling them to share the DC/DC converter.
  • US Patent Application No. 2012131898 discloses an integrated solar-gas turbine cogeneration plant which includes a fuel reformer, a plurality of solar collectors, and a gas turbine.
  • the fuel reformer produces syngas to be used as fuel for the gas turbine.
  • One solar collector is operatively connected to both the fuel reformer and the turbine, to provide heat for the reforming reaction and to preheat air for a combustion chamber. Exhaust gas from the turbine is directed to the fuel reformer and to a heat recovery steam generator, the former as an additional heat source and the latter to heat the generator.
  • Another solar collector is connected to the generator and heats a portion of the water being fed into the generator in order to help produce steam.
  • the syngas is stored into fuel storage unit to provide fuel to the gas turbine continuously and to a supplemental heater on the steam generator during low insolation periods.
  • the present invention taking into consideration thej environmental and efficiency issues, uses an effective approach by employing more than one energy source in the cogeneration system so as to explore the strengths of some applications and address the weaknesses of other applications.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a combined cooling/heating and power generation system which provides high efficiency by using sustainable energy sources. Another object of the present invention is to provide a combined cooling/heating and power generation system which utilizes energy efficiently to provide an uninterrupted operation 24/7, reduces the cost per unit of power and reduces CO 2 emissions.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a combined cooling/heating and power generation system which is simple and compact in construction and easy to control.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a combined cooling/heating and power generation system that uses a controllable system for obtaining consistent operation even under fluctuations in the heat input.
  • a combined cooling/heating and power generation system comprising:
  • a power generation unit comprising:
  • a plurality of boilers for generating superheated steam by boiling said high pressure feed water using renewable energy sources, wherein during operation at least one boiler is working and at least one boiler is stand-by, and the operation of said plurality of boilers being automatically controlled by means of a plurality of control valves provided in operative communication with plurality of control means;
  • a first steam turbine for receiving said superheated steam to generate energy and a steam condensate
  • a an organic rankine cycle comprising a second gas turbine, an evaporator and a condenser, said evaporator being adapted to extract heat from said steam condensate in a high pressure liquid refrigerant to generate high pressure refrigerant vapors, and said second gas turbine being adapted to extract heat from said high pressure refrigerant vapors to generate energy; and
  • a cooling/heating arrangement comprising:
  • A a first thermal storage chamber for receiving said heated fluid, said first thermal storage chamber comprising heat storage phase change material adapted to absorb a portion of heat from said heated fluid and melt or give a portion of heat to said heated fluid and solidify, thereby providing a fixed temperature heat source; a a vapor absorption machine receiving said fixed temperature heat source for driving a vapor absorption cycle to provide a chilled fluid;
  • B a second thermal storage chamber for receiving said chilled fluid, said second thermal storage chamber comprising cold storage phase change material adapted to give heat to said chilled fluid and freeze or absorb heat from said chilled fluid and melt, thereby providing a selective temperature cooling source;
  • a heat exchanger in operative communication with said first bypass arrangement for receiving said fixed temperature heat source from said first thermal storage chamber, said heat exchanger being adapted to provide hot water; and ⁇ an air conditioning unit for receiving an air conditioning means selected from said cooling source and said hot water, to provide cooling or heating.
  • said plurality of boilers comprise a solar boiler and at least two biomass boilers.
  • an accumulator is provided for storing said superheated steam.
  • a deaerator is interfaced with said boiler feed pump such that feed water to said boiler feed pump is supplied via said deaerator. Further, said deaerator is adapted to collect moisture from said superheated steam. Still further, a condensate tank is provided to collect condensate from said evaporator and subsequently convey to said boilers via said deaerator.
  • said plurality of control means is a programmable logic controller.
  • flow control valves are provided to control the flow rate of said superheated steam from said plurality of boilers.
  • said second gas turbine and said condenser are interfaced such that condensed liquid refrigerant leaving said second gas turbine is further condensed in said condenser and then pressurized to obtain said high pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • said heat storage phase change material is selected from paraffin, hydrated salt and sodium sulfate decahydrate and said cold storage phase change material is selected from glycerol, water, hydrated salt and paraffin.
  • said air conditioning means leaving said air conditioning unit is pumped to said vapor absorption machine by means of at least one cooling water pump via an expansion tank.
  • said heat source leaving said vapor absorption machine is pumped to said first steam turbine and said second gas turbine by means of at least one hot water pump.
  • a cooling tower is provided to circulate cooling water to said vapor absorption machine.
  • a feed water tank is provided to supply make-up water to said first steam turbine and said second gas turbine and said cooling tower.
  • a pressurized expansion tank is provided between said feed water tank and said first steam turbine and said second gas turbine to control the pressure of water entering therein.
  • a second bypass arrangement is provided to bypass and said first steam turbine and said second gas turbine.
  • said solar boiler and said biomass boilers are adapted to provide the saturated/superheated steam to feed said vapor absorption machine for cooling and/or heating.
  • said biomass boilers and solar field are adapted to provide sensible heat in the form of hot water or thermic fluid which is fed to an organic rankine cycle (ORC) to generate the power.
  • ORC organic rankine cycle
  • the method comprises selectively operating said plurality of boilers by continuously monitoring said superheated steam temperature.
  • the method includes the step of collecting said superheated steam in an accumulator.
  • the method includes the step of supplying the boiler feed water via a deaerator. Further, the method includes the step of deaerating said superheated steam. Still further, the method includes the step of conveying said steam condensate to said deaerator via a condensate tank.
  • the method includes the step of controlling the flow rate of said superheated steam by means of flow control valves.
  • the method includes the step of further condensing a condensed liquid refrigerant leaving said second gas turbine in a condenser.
  • the method further comprises pressurizing the further condensed liquid refrigerant to obtain said high pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • a method for providing cooling comprising the following steps:
  • ⁇ receiving said heated fluid in a first thermal storage chamber comprising heat storage phase change material, wherein said heat storage phase change material absorbs a portion of heat from said heated fluid and melts or gives a portion of heat to said heated fluid and solidifies, to provide a fixed temperature heat source;
  • ⁇ receiving said chilled fluid in a cold thermal storage chamber comprising cold storage phase change material, wherein said cold storage phase change material gives heat to said chilled fluid and freezes or takes heat from said chilled fluid and melts, to provide a selective temperature cooling source;
  • a method for providing heating comprising the following steps:
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates a schematic of a preferred embodiment of the power generation unit in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a schematic of a preferred embodiment of the cooling/heating arrangement in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates a schematic of another preferred embodiment of the cooling/heating arrangement in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates a schematic of another preferred embodiment of the power generation unit combined with the cooling/heating arrangement in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates a schematic of another preferred embodiment of the biomass boilers and organic rankine cycle combined with cooling/heating arrangement in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention envisages a combined cooling/heating and power generation system that primarily uses sustainable energy sources, typically solar power and biomass, to generate superheated steam which is subsequently received in a plurality of gas turbines for expansion and generation of power.
  • the system is provided with controllable valves in communication with programmable logic controllers so as to automatically manipulate the operation of the boilers as per the amount of solar energy harnessed.
  • FIGURE 1 therein is illustrated a schematic representation of the power generation unit in accordance with the present invention, generally represented in the FIGURE 1 by numeral 100.
  • the power generation unit 100 comprises: a solar boiler 102, at least two biomass boilers (104a & 104b), boiler feed pumps (106a & 106b), a solar field 108, an accumulator 110, a deaerator 112, a first steam turbine 120, and an organic Rankine cycle 122 comprising a second gas turbine 124, an evaporator 126, a condenser 128, and pumping means 130.
  • the boiler feed pumps (106a & 106b) are adapted to pump feed water to a high pressure and feed the high pressure feed water to at least one boiler from the solar boiler 102 and the biomass boilers (104a & 104b).
  • a deaerator 112 is interfaced with the boiler feed pumps (106a & 106b) such that the feed water to the boiler feed pumps (106a & 106b) is supplied via the deaerator 112.
  • the solar boiler 102 receives the solar energy via the solar field 108 and is adapted to utilize this solar energy to boil the pressurized water received by means of the boiler feed pumps (106a & 106b).
  • At least one of the biomass boilers ;(104a & 104b) is kept simmering under pressure so as to act as a stand-by boiler in circumstances when sufficient energy is not harnessed by the solar field 108.
  • the function of the stand-by boiler is to respond to any variation in the solar energy without affecting the operation of the power plant 100.
  • These biomass boilers (104a & 104b) use biomass material as fuel to generate steam.
  • one of the biomass boilers (104a & 104b) is connected in parallel to the solar boiler 102.
  • the power load is primarily managed by the solar boiler 102 and optionally by one of the biomass boilers (104a or 104b).
  • the solar boiler 102 is put out of operation and the power load is managed by one of the biomass boilers (104a or 104b).
  • the biomass boilers (104a & 104b) are connected in parallel to each other, however, only one of the biomass boilers (104a or 104b) is operational and the second biomass boiler is used only when the first boiler is put out of operation for maintenance purposes.
  • the operation of the solar boiler 102 and the biomass boilers (104a & 104b) is controlled by the control valves 114c, 114a & 114b respectively, after receiving signals from plurality of control means (programmable logic controllers) 116c, 116a & 116b respectively; wherein the programmable logic controllers (116a, 116b, & 116c) are provided in operative communication with the respective boilers (102, 104a & 104b) to receive the steam temperature data and depending upon the steam temperature data, control the valves (114a, 114b & 114c) thereby controlling the operation of the system 100.
  • the superheated steam generated in the boilers viz.
  • the accumulator 110 is provided in communication with the boilers viz. 102, 104a & 104b to accumulate heat energy when additional. This additional heat energy can be used to boil pressurized water received by means of the boiler feed pumps (106a & 106b).
  • the operation of the accumulator 110 is controlled by the valve 114d by means of signals from programmable logic controller 116d.
  • the deaerator 112 receives any water from the superheated steam line, the deaerator 112 being adapted to separate the gases and return the water via an excess flow line through the boiler feed pumps (106a & 106b) to the boilers viz. 102, 104a & 104b.
  • the superheated steam is received in the first steam turbine 120 where the thermal energy from the pressurized steam is extracted to produce work/mechanical energy. This work is subsequently converted to useful electrical energy by means of a generator.
  • the steam condensate leaving the first steam turbine 120 is received in the evaporator 126 of the organic Rankine cycle 122.
  • the evaporator 126 is adapted to receive a high pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • This high pressure liquid refrigerant extracts heat from the steam condensate to become high pressure refrigerant vapors.
  • the condensate from the evaporator 126 is collected in a condensate tank 132 and subsequently pumped by pumping means 134 to the boilers viz. 102, 104a & 104b via the deaerator 112.
  • the high pressure refrigerant vapors are conveyed to the second gas turbine 124 where the thermal energy from the pressurized vapors is extracted to produce work/mechanical energy. This work is subsequently converted to electrical energy by means of a generator.
  • the condensed liquid refrigerant from the second gas turbine 124 is passed through the condenser 128.
  • the second gas turbine 124 and the condenser 128 are interfaced such that condensed liquid refrigerant leaving the second gas turbine 124 is further condensed in the condenser 128 and then pressurized to obtain the high pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • the condensed refrigerant loses heat to a cooling fluid to become the further condensed liquid refrigerant. This liquid refrigerant is then pressurized by the pumping means 130 to initiate a new thermal cycle.
  • the arrangement comprises a solar field 200 for extracting solar energy to provide a heated fluid, a first thermal storage chamber 202a, a second thermal storage chamber 202b, a triple-effect vapor absorption machine 204, at least one hot water pumps 208, a hot water circuit 210, a chilled water circuit 230, a reverse osmosis unit 224, a dosing tank 214, a feed water tank 216, a feed water pump 218, a pressurized expansion tank 212, a cooling tower 222, a cooling water circuit 220, an expansion tank 226, at least one chilled water pumps 232, an air conditioning unit 206, and a water heating plate heat exchanger 228.
  • the heat exchange means are adapted to extract waste heat from the plurality of gas turbines (120, 124) for heating a fluid.
  • the heated fluid then enters the first thermal storage chamber 202a.
  • the first thermal storage chamber 202a stores the heat contained in the heated fluid when the fluid is carrying excess heat and provides heat to the fluid when it is carrying less heat, to provide a fixed temperature heat source.
  • the fixed temperature heat source from the first thermal storage chamber 202a is sent to the vapor absorption machine (VAM) 204.
  • a return stream from the VAM 204 is sent back to the first steam turbine 120 and the second gas turbine 124 by means of at least one pump 208, which control the flow in the circuit 210.
  • VAM vapor absorption machine
  • a single pump 208 can be used instead of the plurality of pumps as shown in Figure 2.
  • a bypass arrangement is provided in the circuit 210 to bypass the first steam turbine 120 and the second gas turbine 124.
  • the arrangement for bypassing the turbines (120, 124) isolates the turbines (120, 124) when there is low/negligible solar input and the cooling/heating arrangement is instead run by heat stored in the first thermal storage chamber 202a.
  • the arrangement for bypassing the turbines (120, 124) can also be used when the VAM 204 is operated by using auxiliary fuel.
  • the arrangement can be used for providing heating in winters. In winters, the arrangement can be modified to bypass the VAM 204 by means of a first bypass arrangement.
  • the fixed temperature heat source from the first thermal storage chamber 202a is used to heat water in the circuit 230 by means of the heat exchanger 228.
  • the water in the circuit 230 heated by the fixed temperature heat source is then used for heating air through the air conditioning unit 206.
  • the arrangement comprises means for handling make-up water, where, the makeup water is passed through the reverse osmosis system 224 and a dosing tank 214 before being collected in the feed water tank 216.
  • the feed water pump 218 disposed downstream of the feed water tank 216 pumps the make-up water from the feed water tank 216 and supplies it via the pressurized expansion tank 212 to maintain the pressure in the circuit 208.
  • the water from the feed water tank 216 is also supplied to the cooling tower 222, for maintaining the level of water in it.
  • the cooling water circuit 220 handles the water supplied by the VAM 204.
  • the make-up water for the cooling tower 222 is also supplied from the feed water tank 216.
  • Two cooling water pumps 232a and 232b can be provided to control the flow of cooling water to the VAM 204.
  • a single cooling water pump 232 can also be used as illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
  • the chilled water leaving the VAM 204 enters the second thermal storage chamber 202b. From the second thermal storage chamber 202b, the chilled water is supplied to the air conditioning unit 206 to provide cooling. The return stream enters the expansion tank 226, which is used to maintain the pressure in the chilled water circuit 230. The chilled water returns to the VAM 204, by means of pumps 232a and 232b.
  • the arrangement further includes the heat exchanger 228 for heating the water in winters when heating is required rather than cooling.
  • water at typically 200°C enters at least one of the gas turbines (120, 124) consisting of heat exchange means adapted to extract waste heat thereof.
  • the waste heat is transferred to the water and the water gets heated to 210°C.
  • This hot water then enters the first thermal storage chamber 202a.
  • excess heat may be provided to the circulating water, thereby causing the temperature of the water to reach 220°C to 225°C.
  • the first thermal storage chamber 202a comprises heat storage phase change material which is arranged in parallel paths.
  • the melting / solidification temperature of this heat storage phase change material is about 220°C.
  • the heat storage phase change material is generally selected from paraffin, hydrated salt and sodium sulfate decahydrate. During peak solar period, the phase change material absorbs heat from the water (at above 220°) and melts thus storing the heat in the form of latent heat. This is referred to as the charging cycle of the first thermal storage chamber 202a. If the water passing through the first thermal storage chamber 202a is below 210°C, the heat storage phase change material solidifies and supplies latent heat to the water to raise its temperature up to 220°C, thereby providing a fixed temperature heat source.
  • the discharging cycle of the first thermal storage chamber 202a This is referred to as the discharging cycle of the first thermal storage chamber 202a.
  • the solar input is low. This causes delays in startup of the VAM 204.
  • the use of the first thermal storage chamber 204a helps the water in the hot water circuit 210 to reach the required temperature in a very short time, thereby reducing the startup time for the VAM 204.
  • the temperature of the water leaving the first thermal storage chamber 202a is constantly maintained at 220°C, thereby overcoming the problem of fluctuating solar load throughout the day.
  • Solar anomalies, such as a drifting cloud cover etc. are also handled using the first thermal storage chamber 202a.
  • the first thermal storage chamber 202a also helps in running the VAM 204 without using of the solar energy. Further, the first thermal storage chamber 202a enables the arrangement to operate during periods of low solar output and also stores the excess solar heat and prevents any wastage of heat. The solar demand at peak load is supplemented with first thermal storage chamber 202a. This availability of heat during periods of low solar input and also supplementary heat input during peak cooling/heating demand helps in reducing the requirement of the solar input.
  • the hot water leaving the first thermal storage chamber 202a drives the VAM 204.
  • the VAM 204 receives the cooling water from the cooling tower 222 which is used for rejecting the heat picked up in the absorber and condenser of the VAM 204.
  • Water from the chilled water circuit 230 enters the VAM 204 at 12°C.
  • the VAM 204 cools it to about 7°C using the triple effect vapor absorption cycle.
  • the chilled water from the VAM 204 enters the second thermal storage chamber 202b. During periods of low cooling demand, the excess capacity of the VAM 204 is used to further lower the temperature of the chilled water.
  • the second thermal storage chamber 202b consists of cold storage phase change material which is arranged in parallel paths.
  • the melting / solidification temperature of this cold storage phase change material is about 1 1°C.
  • the cold storage phase change material is generally selected from glycerol, water, hydrated salt and paraffin.
  • the chilled water from the VAM 204 freezes the cold storage phase change material in the charging cycle and the cold storage phase change material stores the cooling effect by solidification. In the discharging cycle, the cold storage phase change material melts to release this cold to the water and lowers the chilled water temperature. This provides a selective temperature cooling source.
  • the fluctuations of the cooling load are met by the charging and discharging of the cold thermal storage phase change material, thereby overcoming the problems of sudden increase in cooling/heating load.
  • the use of the second thermal storage chamber 202b enables the air conditioning unit 206 to provide cooling even when the waste heat is not extracted from the gas turbines (120, 124). Further, the use of second thermal storage chamber 202b also extends the period of operation of the arrangement.
  • the second thermal storage chamber 202b is used to provide cooling, thereby resulting in shorter startup time of the arrangement.
  • the second thermal storage chamber 202b can also be used to supplement the VAM cooling during periods of peak cooling load. This ability of the second thermal storage chamber 202b to supplement the VAM 204 during peak loads and also provide cooling during periods when VAM 204 is not available thereby reduces the size of the VAM 204.
  • a first bypass arrangement is used to bypass the VAM 204 and the second thermal storage chamber 202b.
  • the heat exchanger 228 installed between the hot water circuit 210 and the chilled water circuit 230 is utilized for providing the heating.
  • the hot water in the hot water circuit 210 can be used to heat the water in the chilled water circuit 230.
  • the water in the chilled water circuit 230 heated by the hot water flowing in the hot water circuit 210 is then used for heating the air through the air conditioning unit 206.
  • a set of valves are provided for isolating the VAM 204 in the chilled water circuit 230.
  • the arrangement comprises a solar boiler 102 and the biomass boilers 104a & 104b in operative communication with a vapor absorption machine VAM 204 to provide the heating/cooling.
  • the saturated/superheated steam is received from the solar boiler 102 and the biomass boilers 104a & 104b and is fed to vapor absorption machine VAM 204 to provide the heating/cooling.
  • the fixed temperature heat source from the first thermal storage chamber 202a is sent to the vapor absorption machine (VAM) 204.
  • a return stream from the VAM 204 is sent back to pumping means 134 which pumps the said return stream to the deaerator 112.
  • the solar biomass hybrid system with steam as media is used to provide cooling/heating and power generation through steam rankine cycle (SRC) and organic rankine cycle (ORC). Since the saturated/superheated steam is the media to power the VAM 204, hot water pumps 208, feed water pump 218, and a pressurized expansion tank 212 are not required in the system.
  • SRC steam rankine cycle
  • ORC organic rankine cycle
  • biomass boilers and organic rankine cycle combined with cooling/heating arrangement in accordance with the present invention.
  • the arrangement comprises biomass boilers 104a, 104b in operative communication with the vapor absorption machine VAM 204 to provide heating/cooling. Also biomass boilers 104a, 104b and solar field 200 are in operative communication with an organic rankine cycle (ORC) to generate the power.
  • ORC organic rankine cycle
  • the hot water from biomass boilers 104a, 104b and solar field 200 is fed to vapor absorption machine VAM 204 to provide e heating/cooling.
  • the return stream from VAM 204 is sent back to the biomass boilers 104a & 104b and/or solar field 200.
  • the biomass boilers 104a & 104b and solar field 200 are provided/used to generate sensible heat in the form of hot water / thermic fluid to be fed to said vapor absorption machine VAM 204 to provide heating/cooling.
  • the biomass boilers 104a, 104b and solar field 200 generate sensible heat in the form of hot water / thermic fluid.
  • Said hot water / thermic fluid is fed to an organic rankine cycle (ORC) to generate power.
  • ORC organic rankine cycle
  • the liquid coming out of the evaporator 126 is fed to said pressurized expansion tank 212 and is pumped back through at least one pump 208 to hot water generators which are biomass boilers 104a, 104b and solar field 200.
  • the solar biomass hybrid system with hot water or thermic fluid as media is used to provide cooling/heating and power generation through the organic rankine cycle (ORC).
  • the operation of the biomass boilers 104a & 104b is controlled by the control valves 114a & 114b respectively, after receiving signals from a plurality of control means (programmable logic controllers) 116a & 116b respectively; wherein the programmable logic controllers 116a, 116b are provided in operative communication with the respective boilers 104a & 104b to receive the steam temperature data and depending upon the steam temperature data, control the valves 114a, 114b thereby controlling the operation of the system.
  • control means programmable logic controllers
  • a combined cooling/heating and power generation system, as described in the present invention has several technical advantages including but not limited to the realization of:
  • ⁇ provides high efficiency by using sustainable energy sources

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système combiné de refroidissement/chauffage et production d'énergie, utilisant des sources d'énergie durable, généralement de l'énergie solaire et de la biomasse, pour générer de la vapeur surchauffée. Cette vapeur surchauffée est utilisée dans une pluralité de turbines à gaz (120, 124) pour l'expansion et la génération d'énergie. Ce système comprend des soupapes de commande (114) en communication avec une pluralité de moyens de commande (116) de façon à gérer automatiquement le fonctionnement des chaudières (102, 104) en fonction de la quantité d'énergie solaire captée. La chaleur perdue provenant des turbines (120, 124) est utilisée dans un système de refroidissement/chauffage.
PCT/IN2012/000460 2011-06-27 2012-06-27 Système combiné de refroidissement/chauffage et production d'énergie au moyen d'énergie durable WO2013038423A2 (fr)

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IN1843/MUM/2011 2011-06-27
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IN1954/MUM/2011 2011-07-06

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CN105715377A (zh) * 2016-03-28 2016-06-29 上海汉钟精机股份有限公司 分布式发电供热与分散式制冷耦合系统
CN107524485A (zh) * 2017-10-16 2017-12-29 河北工程大学 一种可再生能源供能系统
CN109026223A (zh) * 2018-08-29 2018-12-18 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 基于燃气内燃机和燃料电池联供的冷热电综合能源集成系统及工作方法
CN110030770A (zh) * 2019-04-09 2019-07-19 长沙理工大学 一种太阳能光伏/光热耦合生物质分布式能源系统
CN112833583A (zh) * 2021-01-21 2021-05-25 青岛科技大学 一种地热能分布式供能系统
CN113280531A (zh) * 2021-05-20 2021-08-20 上海美福新能源有限公司 一种太阳能光伏光热一体化循环系统
CN115164447A (zh) * 2022-07-05 2022-10-11 石河子大学 一种可再生能源驱动的基于orc的复合式供冷系统
CN115200257A (zh) * 2022-05-13 2022-10-18 天津大学 一种生态零碳排放燃气机热泵热冷电供应系统
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ES2464940A1 (es) * 2014-04-04 2014-06-04 Vicente SÁNCHEZ PÉREZ Sistema de gestión, producción y distribución de energia térmica con aportación de energias renovables
CN105715377B (zh) * 2016-03-28 2023-09-05 上海汉钟精机股份有限公司 分布式发电供热与分散式制冷耦合系统
CN105715377A (zh) * 2016-03-28 2016-06-29 上海汉钟精机股份有限公司 分布式发电供热与分散式制冷耦合系统
CN107524485A (zh) * 2017-10-16 2017-12-29 河北工程大学 一种可再生能源供能系统
CN107524485B (zh) * 2017-10-16 2024-05-14 河北工程大学 一种可再生能源供能系统
CN109026223A (zh) * 2018-08-29 2018-12-18 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 基于燃气内燃机和燃料电池联供的冷热电综合能源集成系统及工作方法
CN110030770A (zh) * 2019-04-09 2019-07-19 长沙理工大学 一种太阳能光伏/光热耦合生物质分布式能源系统
CN112833583A (zh) * 2021-01-21 2021-05-25 青岛科技大学 一种地热能分布式供能系统
CN113280531A (zh) * 2021-05-20 2021-08-20 上海美福新能源有限公司 一种太阳能光伏光热一体化循环系统
CN115200257A (zh) * 2022-05-13 2022-10-18 天津大学 一种生态零碳排放燃气机热泵热冷电供应系统
CN115200257B (zh) * 2022-05-13 2024-01-30 天津大学 一种生态零碳排放燃气机热泵热冷电供应系统
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