CN107524485A - 一种可再生能源供能系统 - Google Patents

一种可再生能源供能系统 Download PDF

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CN107524485A
CN107524485A CN201710960564.3A CN201710960564A CN107524485A CN 107524485 A CN107524485 A CN 107524485A CN 201710960564 A CN201710960564 A CN 201710960564A CN 107524485 A CN107524485 A CN 107524485A
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waste heat
heat boiler
gas
generation system
water
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CN107524485B (zh
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王继选
韩小婷
刘小贞
孟鑫
于佐东
高艳丰
张相洲
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Hebei University of Engineering
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103Carbon dioxide
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    • C12M21/00Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
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    • C12M23/36Means for collection or storage of gas; Gas holders
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/02Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03G6/00Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/10Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
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    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
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Abstract

一种可再生能源供能系统,包括配余热锅炉燃气发电系统、沼气发酵系统、供暖系统、驱动吸收式制冷系统、CO2捕集系统、CO2朗肯循环发电系统;配余热锅炉燃气发电系统包括依次连接的送风机、空气压缩机、燃烧室、燃气轮发电机组、余热锅炉、集热器、引风机、烟囱;沼气发酵系统包括依次连接的沼气发酵罐、与燃烧室相连的沼气储存罐,沼气发酵罐经泵与安装于余热锅炉的水换热器相连;供暖系统包括依次循环连接的预设在余热锅炉内的加热水器、供热管道、热用户、回水管道、回水泵,回水管道上设置补水箱;驱动吸收式制冷系统包括依次连接的发生器、冷凝器、蒸发器、吸收器,吸收器经泵和节流阀与发生器相连,发生器与换热器相连,换热器与安装于余热锅炉的集热器相连。本发明不仅节约能源,还可到冷、热、电三联供,实现能源的分布利用。

Description

一种可再生能源供能系统
技术领域
本发明涉及能源综合利用领域,具体的说是一种可再生能源供能系统。
背景技术
“分布式能源”是指分布在用户端的能源综合利用系统,可独立运行,也可并网运行,是以资源、环境效益最大化确定方式和容量的系统,将用户多种能源需求,以及资源配置状况进行系统整合优化,采用需求应对式设计和模块化配置的新型能源系统,是相对于集中供能的分散式供能方式。
我国分布式能源正处于发展过程,对分布式能源认识存在不同的表述,其中主要的一种是指将热、电、冷系统以小规模、小容量、模块化、分散式的方式直接安装在用户端,可独立地输出热、电、冷能的系统。能源包括太阳能利用、风能利用、燃料电池和燃气热、电、冷三联供等多种形式。结合目前我国能源需求现状,分布式能源是解决我国能源紧缺地区用能困难,缓解我国严重缺电局面、保证可持续发展战略实施的重要途径之一,可缓解环境、电网调峰和长距离电力输送的压力,解决可再生能源就地消纳问题,能够提高能源利用效率,优化能源利用结构。
节能是一个国家能够可持续发展的关键因素之一,如果我们还坚持传统的能源利用方式,不能使资源有效的循环利用,就会使社会的整个资源环境加剧恶化,并且造成能源的快速枯竭。据可靠资料,我国工业能源的消耗在总体成本中占有最多的份额,而能源的有效使用率仅仅只有三成左右,成本支出比欧洲发达国家高出很多,所以考虑到经济效益,节能设备的推广是势在必行的一大举措。能源的短缺是目前全世界都面临的一项严重考验,在这样一个大背景下谋求发展,开发新新能源是一个方面,更重要的是在节约能源上下足功夫。目前,国内余热节能锅炉的设计和开发已经逐渐成熟,随着社会的发展,人们会越来越发现节能设备是一个必然趋势。节能锅炉的招牌不仅仅是商家促销的一个重头砝码,更是对社会和环境的一大贡献。
纵观现有能源和技术来看,研发新能源的高效利用方式,实现多能源互补综合利用系统,可有效缓解含碳能源利用带来的环境和安全性问题,从而高效利用新能源。
发明内容
本发明需要解决的技术问题是提供一种将可再生能源耦合提供冷、热、电能源的可再生能源供能系统。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种可再生能源供能系统,包括配余热锅炉燃气发电系统、沼气发酵系统、供暖系统、驱动吸收式制冷系统、CO2捕集系统、CO2朗肯循环发电系统;
所述配余热锅炉燃气发电系统包括依次连接的送风机、空气压缩机、燃烧室、涡轮机、余热锅炉、集热器、引风机、烟囱,所述涡轮机驱动涡轮发电机发电提供电源,所述空气压缩机与涡轮机、涡轮发电机同轴,所述集热器安装在余热锅炉,作为其他子系统的可调节热源。
所述沼气发酵系统包括依次连接的沼气发酵罐、沼气储存罐,所述沼气发酵罐与安装于余热锅炉内的集热器相连,所述沼气储气罐与燃烧室相连;
所述供暖系统包括依次连接的加热水器、供热管道、热用户、回水管道、回水泵,所述回水泵与加热水器相连,所述回水管道上设置补水箱,所述加热水器安装于余热锅炉内;
所述驱动吸收式制冷系统包括依次连接的发生器、冷凝器、蒸发器、吸收器,所述吸收器经泵和节流阀与发生器相连,所述发生器与预安装于余热锅炉内的集热器相连。
上述可再生能源供能系统,还包括CO2朗肯循环发电系统,所述CO2朗肯循环发电系统包括依次连接的CO2蒸发器、汽轮机、CO2冷凝器、液态CO2泵,所述汽轮机驱动汽轮发电机发电提供电源,所述液态CO2泵与CO2蒸发器相连,所述CO2蒸发器与安装于余热锅炉内的集热器换热,所述CO2朗肯循环发电系统中工质CO2由CO2捕集系统提供,剩余CO2可进行资源化利用。
上述可再生能源供能系统,还包括太阳能换热系统,所述太阳能换热系统包括太阳能集热器,所述太阳集热器与CO2蒸发器相连,作为CO2朗肯循环发电系统的热源,所述CO2蒸发器与安装于余热锅炉内的集热器相连,所述安装于余热锅炉内的集热器作为CO2朗肯循环发电系统的补充热源。
本发明在采用上述技术方案后,具有如下技术进步的效果:
本发明利用余热锅炉回收燃料的热能,不仅节约了能源,增加经济效益,还可以做到冷、热、电三联供,实现能源的分布利用。本发明充分利用太阳能资源,与余热锅炉互补为CO2朗肯循环系统提供能源,组成多能源耦合系统。本发明的多种可再生能源耦合的冷、热、电联供系统,具有能源利用效率高,环境负面影响小和能源供应可靠等特点。本发明充分利用集热器将余热锅炉收集的热能合理可控的分配给各个子系统。本发明充分利用捕集到的CO2,一方面使其资源化转化;另一方面通过余热锅炉或太阳能为热源的CO2朗肯循环,实现CO2发电;同时,CO2朗肯循环发电系统利用CO2作为循环工质,有利于减缓温室效应。本发明充分利用沼气发酵系统为燃气轮发电机组提供燃料,燃气轮发电机组的余热又为维持沼气发酵系统温度提供热源,如此循环,提高了能源利用率。本发明的CO2朗肯循环和燃气轮发电机组的发电可以用于整个系统的电力消耗。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种实施例的示意图。
图中各标号表示为:1、送风机,2、空气压缩机,3、涡轮机,4、燃烧室,5、涡轮发电机,6、燃煤发电厂,7、余热锅炉,8、集热器,9、引风机,10、烟囱,11、沼气发酵罐,12、沼气储气罐,13、CO2吸收塔,14、富液泵,15、贫富液换热器,16、CO2解吸塔,17、换热器,18、泵,19、贫液泵,20、烟囱,21、加热水器,22、回水泵,23、补水箱,24、热用户,25、换热器,26、发生器,27、冷凝器,28、节流阀,29、蒸发器,30、吸收器,31、泵,32、节流阀,33、太阳能集热器,34、CO2蒸发器,35、汽轮机,36、CO2冷凝器,37、液态CO2泵,38、发电机。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明:
本发明涉及一种可再生能源供能系统,如图1所示,配余热锅炉燃气发电系统、沼气发酵系统、CO2捕集系统、CO2朗肯循环发电系统、供暖系统、驱动吸收式制冷系统、太阳能换热系统。
所述配余热锅炉燃气发电系统包括依次连接的送风机1、空气压缩机2、燃烧室4、燃气轮发电机组、余热锅炉7、集热器8、引风机9、烟囱10,燃气轮发电机组包括涡轮机3和涡轮发电机5,燃烧室4、余热锅炉7与涡轮机3相连,其中空气压缩机2与涡轮机3、涡轮发电机5同轴。所述沼气发酵系统包括依次连接的沼气发酵罐11、沼气储存罐12,所述沼气发酵罐11与安装于余热锅炉7内的集热器相连,所述沼气储气罐12与燃烧室4相连,做完工的燃气一部分进入余热锅炉,另一部分引入燃煤电厂加热给水。
配余热锅炉燃气发电系统与沼气发酵系统配合工作,空气压缩机压缩空气,在燃烧室内压缩空气与来自沼气储存罐内的沼气燃烧产生高温烟气,燃烧的高温烟气驱动涡轮机做功,带动涡轮发电机发电。所述沼气发酵罐中,可作为沼气发酵原料的有机物质是相当丰富的,其产生沼气的潜力是十分可观的。除矿物油和木质素外,所有的有机物,如人畜粪便、作物秸秆、青草、垃圾、含有机质的工业废水、污泥等都可以作为沼气发酵原料(基质),保证了燃气轮发电机组的可靠运行,同时,也确保了整个系统的稳定性与安全性。
所述CO2朗肯循环发电系统包括依次连接的CO2蒸发器34、汽轮发电机组、CO2冷凝器36、液态CO2泵37,所述液态CO2泵37与CO2蒸发器34相连,所述汽轮发电机组包括汽轮机35和汽轮发电机38,CO2蒸发器34和CO2冷凝器36与汽轮机35相连,所述CO2蒸发器34与安装于余热锅炉7内的集热器相连。液态的CO2经液态CO2泵37进入CO2蒸发器,与安装于余热锅炉7内的集热器换热产生CO2蒸汽,CO2蒸汽驱动汽轮机带动汽轮发电机发电,经汽轮发电机组和燃气轮发电机组所发电力可为整个系统提供电力供应。做功之后的CO2乏汽进入CO2冷凝器被冷凝为液态进行下一轮循环。
所述供暖系统包括依次连接的加热水器21、热用户24、回水泵22,所述回水泵22与加热水器21相连,补水箱23安装于回水管道上,所述加热水器21安装于余热锅炉7内。加热水器吸收余热锅炉的热量,经供热管道为热用户提供热源,回水管道经补水箱补充水分,并经回水泵被引入加热水器,重新加热回水。
所述驱动吸收式制冷系统包括依次连接的发生器26、冷凝器27、蒸发器29、吸收器30,所述吸收器30经泵31和节流阀32与发生器26相连,所述发生器26与换热器25相连,所述换热器25与安装于余热锅炉7内的集热器相连。吸收式制冷系统的制冷剂为溴化锂,吸收剂为水。制冷剂液态溴化锂在蒸发器中吸热蒸发,所形成的蒸气被吸收剂水所吸收,在此之后,吸收了制冷剂溴化锂蒸气的吸收剂水由溶液泵送至发生器,在发生器中被加热,而分离出制冷剂溴化锂蒸气,该蒸气在冷凝器中被冷凝成液体,再经节流后进入蒸发器,汲取载冷剂的热负荷,使载冷剂温度降低,达到制冷的目的。
所述太阳能换热系统包括太阳能集热器33,所述太阳集热器与CO2蒸发器相连,作为CO2朗肯循环发电系统的热源,所述CO2蒸发器与安装于余热锅炉内的集热器相连,所述安装于余热锅炉内的集热器作为CO2朗肯循环发电系统的补充热源。
所述CO2捕集系统包括CO2吸收塔,富液泵,贫富液热交换器,CO2解吸塔,贫液泵,来自燃煤电厂和余热锅炉的烟气进入CO2吸收塔,经过溶液吸收,解吸,最终获得CO2产品,其中一部分作为CO2朗肯循环发电系统的工质,剩余部分储存起来进行资源化利用。
本发明通过沼气储存罐和沼气发酵罐与余热锅炉内的集热器,将沼气发酵系统与配余热锅炉燃气发电系统连接起来。通过CO2蒸发器与余热锅炉内的集热器,将CO2朗肯循环发电系统与配余热锅炉燃气发电系统连接起来。通过加热水器与余热锅炉,将供暖系统与配余热锅炉燃气发电系统连接起来。通过换热器与余热锅炉内的集热器,将驱动吸收式制冷系统与配余热锅炉燃气发电系统连接起来。通过热力管道与CO2朗肯循环发电系统,将太阳能换热系统与CO2朗肯循环发电系统、配余热锅炉燃气发电系统连接起来。上述连接实现了六个系统的有机结合。通过上述连接构成了多种可再生能源耦合的冷、热、电三联供系统装置。

Claims (4)

1.一种可再生能源供能系统,其特征在于:包括配余热锅炉燃气发电系统、沼气发酵系统、供暖系统、驱动吸收式制冷系统、CO2捕集系统、CO2朗肯循环发电系统;
所述配余热锅炉燃气发电系统包括依次连接的送风机(1)、空气压缩机(2)、燃烧室(4)、涡轮机(3)、余热锅炉(7)、集热器(8)、引风机(9)、烟囱(10),所述涡轮机(3)驱动涡轮发电机(5)发电提供电源,所述空气压缩机(2)与涡轮机(3)、涡轮发电机(5)同轴,所述燃气发电系统的烟气一部分进入余热锅炉,另一部分进入燃煤电厂加热给水;
所述沼气发酵系统包括依次连接的沼气发酵罐(11)、沼气储存罐(12),所述沼气发酵罐(11)与安装于余热锅炉内的集热器(8)相连,所述沼气储气罐(12)与燃烧室(4)相连;
所述供暖系统包括依次连接的加热水器(21)、热用户(24)、回水泵(22),所述回水泵(22)与加热水器(18)相连,所述回水管道上设置补水箱(23),所述加热水器(21)安装于余热锅炉(7)内;
所述驱动吸收式制冷系统包括依次连接的发生器(26)、冷凝器(27)、蒸发器(29)、吸收器(30),所述吸收器(30)经泵(31)和节流阀(32)与发生器(26)相连,所述发生器(26)与预安装于余热锅炉(7)内的集热器(8)相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可再生能源供能系统,其特征在于:还包括CO2朗肯循环发电系统,所述CO2朗肯循环发电系统包括依次连接的CO2蒸发器(34)、汽轮机(35)、CO2冷凝器(36)、液态CO2泵(37),所述汽轮机(35)驱动汽轮发电机(38)发电提供电源,所述液态CO2泵(37)与CO2蒸发器(34)相连,所述CO2蒸发器(34)与安装于余热锅炉(7)内的集热器换热,所述CO2朗肯循环发电系统中工质CO2由CO2捕集系统提供,剩余CO2可进行资源化利用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可再生能源供能系统,其特征在于:还包括太阳能换热系统,所述太阳能换热系统包括太阳能集热器,所述太阳集热器与CO2蒸发器相连,作为CO2朗肯循环发电系统的热源,所述CO2蒸发器与安装于余热锅炉内的集热器相连,所述安装于余热锅炉内的集热器作为CO2朗肯循环发电系统的补充热源。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种可再生能源供能系统,其特征在于:还包括配余热锅炉的燃气发电系统,所述配余热锅炉燃气发电系统包括依次连接的送风机(1)、空气压缩机(2)、燃烧室(4)、涡轮机(3)、余热锅炉(7)、集热器(8)、引风机(9)、烟囱(10),所述集热器安装在余热锅炉,以水作为集热工质来收集烟气的余热,从而作为其他子系统的可调节热源。
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