WO2013023338A1 - 包含金银花提取物与抗生素的药物组合物、药物试剂盒及金银花提取物的制药用途 - Google Patents

包含金银花提取物与抗生素的药物组合物、药物试剂盒及金银花提取物的制药用途 Download PDF

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WO2013023338A1
WO2013023338A1 PCT/CN2011/078331 CN2011078331W WO2013023338A1 WO 2013023338 A1 WO2013023338 A1 WO 2013023338A1 CN 2011078331 W CN2011078331 W CN 2011078331W WO 2013023338 A1 WO2013023338 A1 WO 2013023338A1
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antibiotic
bacteria
extract
honeysuckle
resistant
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PCT/CN2011/078331
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张铁军
石建功
孟红
韩丰年
马旭伟
李竹兰
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甘肃普源医药科技有限公司
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Priority to EP11870857.7A priority Critical patent/EP2743275B1/en
Priority to RU2014104754/15A priority patent/RU2571281C2/ru
Priority to PCT/CN2011/078331 priority patent/WO2013023338A1/zh
Priority to CN201180072836.7A priority patent/CN103732609B/zh
Priority to US14/238,448 priority patent/US9849145B2/en
Priority to JP2014525273A priority patent/JP5980925B2/ja
Publication of WO2013023338A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013023338A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7048Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/425Thiazoles
    • A61K31/428Thiazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/35Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family)
    • A61K36/355Lonicera (honeysuckle)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04Antibacterial agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H17/00Compounds containing heterocyclic radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
    • C07H17/04Heterocyclic radicals containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical technology. Specifically, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a honeysuckle extract and an antibiotic extracted and purified from a honeysuckle or a plant of the same origin, or a medicament for preventing and/or treating a disease caused by a bacterium. Use in. Moreover, the invention also relates to the pharmaceutical use of honeysuckle extract. Background technique
  • honeysuckle is a perennial, semi-evergreen entwined woody vine of the family Lonicerae. Because the honeysuckle flower is initially white, and then turned yellow, it is named honeysuckle.
  • the medicinal material honeysuckle is the honeysuckle of Lonicera edulis and the dry buds or the first flowers of the same genus.
  • Honeysuckle has been praised as a good medicine for clearing away heat and detoxification since ancient times. It is one of the common heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been used in clinical practice for thousands of years and is deeply loved by doctors and patients. It is sweet and cold, fragrant, sweet and cold, without hurting the stomach, and it is fragrant and fragrant. Honeysuckle can not only dispel the wind and heat, but also clear the blood poison, used in various heat and sexual diseases, such as body heat, rash, hair spots, heat sores, The symptoms such as sore throat and swelling are all significant. In modern studies, the mechanism of heat-clearing and detoxifying honeysuckle was discussed. For example, honeysuckle has obvious antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • honeysuckle extract 0.25g / kg can inhibit rat carrageenan foot swelling; injection of 30-40g / kg can reduce the degree of egg whiteness; 8g / kg, 2 times / day, also has obvious anti-exudation and anti-proliferation effects on rat croton oil granules.
  • honeysuckle has an important regulatory effect on the body's immune system. Honeysuckle decoction promotes the phagocytic function of leukocytes; intraperitoneal injection of honeysuckle injection also significantly promotes the phagocytic function of inflammatory cells.
  • honeysuckle extracts in combination with antibiotics to increase the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a honeysuckle extract and an antibiotic, wherein the honeysuckle extract is prepared from honeysuckle or a plant of the same origin, Lonicera japonica or other plants of the same genus, wherein the active ingredient is saponin acid.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical kit comprising a honeysuckle extract and an antibiotic, wherein the honeysuckle extract and the antibiotic are placed separately.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above pharmaceutical composition and pharmaceutical kit for the preparation of a medicament for preventing and/or treating a disease caused by bacteria.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a use of a honeysuckle extract containing an iridoid compound for the preparation of a medicament for reversing bacterial resistance.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating a disease caused by a bacterium, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a honeysuckle extract containing an iridoid compound and an antibiotic; preferably, the drug
  • the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or excipient.
  • the disease caused by the prevention and/or treatment of bacteria is caused by reversing bacterial resistance to prevent and/or treat bacteria. Therefore, when the bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, the pharmaceutical composition can reverse or resist bacterial resistance.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical kit for preventing and/or treating a disease caused by a bacterium, comprising a separately placed honeysuckle extract containing an iridoid compound and an antibiotic.
  • the kit can be used to prevent and/or treat bacteria-causing diseases in patients in need thereof The disease, wherein the honeysuckle extract and the antibiotic can be administered to the patient simultaneously, sequentially or sequentially at intervals.
  • honeysuckle extract can improve, restore and / or improve the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics, reverse, anti-bacterial resistance to antibiotics, thereby increasing the killing or inhibition effect of antibiotics on bacteria.
  • the honeysuckle extract contains a cycloether oxime compound represented by the following formula:
  • Xi and X 2 represent 0, R represents H, and the compound is an open-linked sapogenin; in the formulas (2), (3), and (4), 1 and 2 are each independently represented. 11. A C1-6 lower alkyl or a C2-6 lower alkenyl.
  • the main active ingredient of the above honeysuckle extract is Kailuan.
  • the honeysuckle extract contains 50% by weight or more of open-linked sapogenin; preferably, the honeysuckle extract contains 70% by weight or more of open-linked sassafras acid; further preferably, The honeysuckle extract contains 80% by weight or more of the open-linked sassafras acid; most preferably, the honeysuckle extract contains 90% by weight or more of the open-linked sassafras.
  • honeysuckle extract described herein can be prepared according to the method disclosed in the patent ZL200610083556.7, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the honeysuckle extract is prepared by a process comprising the following steps:
  • step (1) to give the extract concentrated under normal pressure or under reduced pressure and dried to give extract, or spray dried to obtain a powder, after redissolution with water, containing not more than 95% by volume aqueous C r C 6 alkanol Performing precipitation or sedimentation to obtain a precipitate or a solution concentrate;
  • the method for preparing the honeysuckle extract comprises the following steps:
  • the extract obtained in the step (1) is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain an extract, dissolved in water, filtered, and concentrated to dryness, dissolved in 95% (v/v) aqueous solution of ethanol, and distilled water is added to make the solution contain 75% ethanol. (volume/volume), filtered after standing, and the filtrate is recovered from the flow extract of ethanol;
  • the preparation method further comprises purifying the eluate containing the iridoid compound obtained in the step (3) by gel chromatography;
  • the preparation method further comprises purifying the eluate containing the iridoid compound obtained in the step (3) through a Sephadex LH-20 gel column, and collecting the water eluate.
  • the antibiotic described herein is selected from the group consisting of ampicillin, penicillin, piperacillin, tazobactam, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime Sodium, Shupu deep, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, cefepime, cefoxitin, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, compound new Nomin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ammonia, sulbactam, ticarcillin, clavulanic acid, tobramycin, star, imipenem, rice One or more of nocycline, meropenem, penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, vancomycin, rifampicin, and clin
  • the antibiotic is ampicillin and/or erythromycin.
  • the present invention provides the use of the above pharmaceutical composition and pharmaceutical kit for the preparation of a medicament for preventing and/or treating a disease caused by bacteria.
  • the bacterium may be an antibiotic-resistant bacterium, preferably a multi-antibiotic-resistant bacterium; more preferably, the bacterium may be a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium; further preferably, the multiplex antibiotic resistant
  • the Gram-negative bacteria of the drug are selected from the group consisting of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus, Enterobacter, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Kaposi. More preferably, one or more; more preferably, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and/or Klebsiella.
  • the bacterium is a Gram-positive bacterium resistant to multiple antibiotics; preferably, the multiplex-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant golden yellow grape ball One or more of bacteria, S. pyogenes group A, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis; further preferably, it is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and/or Staphylococcus aureus.
  • the disease caused by the bacterium is an infection-causing disease caused by bacteria, particularly an infectious disease caused by an antibiotic-resistant bacterium, such as a digestive system infection, a blood system infection, a respiratory infection, a urinary tract infection, Central nervous system infection, bone and joint infection, ear, mastoid and sinus infection and skin soft tissue infection; preferably, the disease caused by the bacteria is a respiratory infection caused by the above antibiotic resistant bacteria;
  • the disease caused by the bacteria may be a respiratory infection caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium; preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is infectious by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium Pneumonia; further preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is a nosocomial pneumonia caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium; more preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is a multi-antibiotic-resistant Klebs Nosocomial infectious pneumonia caused by bacilli.
  • the disease caused by the bacterium is a respiratory infection caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium; preferably, the disease caused by the bacterium is a pneumonia caused by a multi-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterium; further Preferably, the disease caused by the bacteria is pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
  • the present invention provides the use of an extract of a honeysuckle containing an iridoid compound for the preparation of a medicament for reversing bacterial resistance.
  • honeysuckle extract can improve, restore and/or improve the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics, and thus can be used to prepare drugs that reverse and resist bacterial resistance. This drug is administered to patients and can reverse, combat the resistance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (even multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria) to antibiotics, and prevent bacterial resistance to antibiotics in patients.
  • honeysuckle extract comprises an iridoid compound represented by the following structural formula:
  • X 2 represents O, and R represents H;
  • 1 and 2 each independently represent 11, C 1-6 lower alkyl or C 2-6 lower alkenyl.
  • the honeysuckle extract contains 50% by weight or more of the open-linked saponin represented by the formula (1); further preferably, the honeysuckle extract contains 70% by weight or more of the saponin More preferably, the honeysuckle extract comprises 80% by weight or more of open-linked sassafras acid; most preferably, the honeysuckle extract comprises more than 90% by weight of Kailian-saponin.
  • honeysuckle extract described herein can be prepared according to the method disclosed in the patent ZL200610083556.7, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the honeysuckle extract is prepared by a process comprising the following steps:
  • step (1) obtained extract under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated under normal pressure or extract, or spray dried to obtain a powder, after redissolution with water, containing not more than 95% by volume of C r C 6 alkanol aqueous solution Precipitating or sedimentation to obtain a precipitate or a solution concentrate;
  • step (3) separating or purifying the precipitate or the solution concentrate obtained in the step (2) by chromatography, and collecting an eluate containing an iridoid compound, wherein the chromatographic method is selected from a macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography.
  • a macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography One or more of normal phase silica gel chromatography and reverse phase silica gel chromatography;
  • the method for preparing the honeysuckle extract comprises the following steps:
  • the extract obtained in the step (1) is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain an extract, dissolved in water, filtered, and concentrated to dryness, dissolved in 95% (v/v) aqueous solution of ethanol, and distilled water is added to make the solution contain 75% ethanol. (volume/volume), filtered after standing, and the filtrate is recovered from the flow extract of ethanol;
  • the preparation method further comprises purifying the eluate containing the iridoid compound obtained in the step (3) by gel chromatography;
  • the preparation method further comprises purifying the eluate containing the iridoid compound obtained in the step (3) through a Sephadex LH-20 gel column, and collecting the water eluate.
  • the bacterial resistance is resistance of the bacteria to antibiotics;
  • the bacterial resistance is resistance of the bacteria to various antibiotics;
  • the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of ampicillin, penicillin, piperacillin, tazobactam, amoxicillin, Clavulanic acid, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime sodium, sulpiride, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, cefepime, cefoxitin, qingda Neomycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, amika, sulbactam, ticarcillin , one of clavulanic acid, tobramycin, stark, imipenem, minocycl
  • the antibiotic is ampicillin and/or erythromycin.
  • the medicament may further comprise an antibiotic; preferably, the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of ampicillin, penicillin, piperacillin, tazobactam, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, cefazolin, cefuroxime Xin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime sodium, sulpiride, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, cefepime, cefoxitin, gentamicin, amikacin, cyclopropane Sand star, chloramphenicol, compound sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, amika, sulbactam, ticarcillin, clavulanic acid, tobramycin, tes One or more of stellar, imipenem, minocycline, meropenem, penicillin, oxacillin
  • the inventors have extracted and purified the honeysuckle extract mainly containing the saponin from the honeysuckle medicinal materials through a large number of experiments, and found that the honeysuckle extract can be significantly improved and restored in the combined action with antibiotics. / or improve the sensitivity of multi-drug resistant bacteria to antibiotics, reverse, and resist the resistance of multi-drug resistant bacteria to antibiotics.
  • the specific performance is that, after the addition of the marigold extract at the same antibiotic level, the antibiotics that originally lost their antibacterial effect due to bacterial resistance restored their antibacterial effect, thus demonstrating that the honeysuckle extract can restore or improve the resistant bacteria. Sensitivity to antibiotics, adjuvant therapy for infectious diseases caused by resistant bacteria. DRAWINGS
  • Fig. 1 is an HPLC chromatogram of the honeysuckle extract N1 prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, which was determined to contain 90.67% by weight of open-linked sassafras.
  • Figure 2 shows the results of an experiment in which the honeysuckle extract enhances the sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae to the drug-resistant antibiotic ampicillin.
  • Figure 3 shows the results of an experiment in which the honeysuckle extract enhances the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to the drug-resistant antibiotic erythromycin.
  • Figure 4 shows the results of the extract of honeysuckle to improve the sensitivity of Escherichia coli to the drug-resistant antibiotic ampicillin.
  • Figure 5 shows the results of an experiment in which the honeysuckle extract enhances the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to the drug-resistant antibiotic ampicillin.
  • Fig. 6 is a HPLC chromatogram of the open-linked saponin standard used in the examples of the present invention, and the purity was 98.03% by weight. The best way to implement the invention
  • the experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
  • the raw materials, reagent materials, etc. used in the following examples can be purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores or pharmaceutical companies without special instructions. among them:
  • honeysuckle medicinal materials used in the examples were purchased from Beijing Tongrentang Chain Pharmacy, and the place of origin was Henan. It was processed by Peizhou Jingyi Traditional Chinese Medicine Pieces Factory, batch number 200502014, and was identified as the Lonicera japonica Thunb. Dry flower buds.
  • the open-linked saponin used in the examples which is used as a standard for the determination of the content of the extract, is prepared by the method of the patent of ZL200610083556.7 by the Natural Medicine Chemistry Laboratory of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and the content is determined. 98.03% (see Figure 6 for chromatogram).
  • the HPLC method was used for the determination of the content of the open-linked saponin in the honeysuckle extract, and the following instruments and conditions were specifically used:
  • Instrumentation Agilent 1 100 liquid chromatograph, including quaternary pump, autosampler, DAD detector and Chemstation color program workstation;
  • Reagents Chromatography with acetonitrile; purified water; analytically pure acetic acid.
  • the strains used in the examples were Escherichia coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, gold.
  • Staphylococcus aureus is a clinical isolate and is a multi-drug resistant strain. It is provided by the Clinical Laboratory of the Fourth Hospital of Jinan City, Shandong province. The drug resistance is shown in Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
  • R resistance
  • S sensitive
  • I mediation (moderate resistance).
  • AMP ampicillin
  • PIP piperacillin
  • TZP piperacillin/tazobactam
  • AMC amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
  • CZO cefazolin
  • CXM cefuroxime
  • CTX cefotaxime
  • CAZ ceftazidime
  • CRO ceftriaxone
  • IPM imipenem
  • FEP cefepime
  • FOX cefoxitin
  • GEN gentamicin
  • AMK amikacin
  • CIP ciprofloxacin
  • CHL chloramphenicol
  • SXT compound sulfamethoxazole
  • TCY tetracycline
  • NIT nitrofurantoin.
  • Table 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa background material
  • AK amikacin
  • ATM aztreonam
  • AMP ampicillin
  • CRO ceftriaxone
  • CLS Shupushen
  • CXM cefuroxime sodium
  • CAZ ceftazidime
  • CTX cefotaxime
  • CFP cephalosporin Piperketone
  • CIP ciprofloxacin
  • CN Qingda
  • FEP cefepime
  • LEV levo-oxygen fluoride
  • NOR norfloxacin
  • PIP piperacillin
  • SAM amika/sulbactam
  • TIM ticarcillin / clavulanic acid
  • TOB refractory
  • TZP stark
  • IPM imipenem
  • MEM meropenem.
  • PEN penicillin
  • OXA oxacillin
  • SAM ampicillin/penicillin
  • FOX cefoxitin
  • GEN gentamicin
  • AMK amikacin
  • CIP ciprofloxacin
  • VAN vancomycin
  • RIF rifampicin
  • SXT compound sulfamethoxazole
  • TCY tetracycline
  • CLI clindamycin
  • NIT nitrofurantoin.
  • Constant temperature incubator Shanghai Yuejin Medical Devices No. 1 Factory.
  • Microplate reader Product of the Swiss company Leibo.
  • honeysuckle medicinal material 500g
  • coarsely pulverize it and extract it twice with 50% (vol/vol) ethanol aqueous solution with a weight of 13 times dry weight of the honeysuckle medicinal material, and extract for 1 hour each time.
  • the extracts were combined, concentrated to a thick extract under reduced pressure, dissolved in 450 ml of distilled water, cooled to room temperature, allowed to stand for 24 hours, and filtered to give a clear solution.
  • the clear solution was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, and 1600 ml of a 95% (v/v) aqueous solution of ethanol was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred well, and distilled water was slowly added thereto to make the solution contain 75% (v/v) of ethanol, allowed to stand for 24 hours, and filtered. The filtrate was collected, and the ethanol was recovered under reduced pressure to a flow extract.
  • Example 2 Bacterial resistance antibiotic bacteriostatic test
  • This example measures the bacteriostatic effect of the drug-resistant antibiotics of the four multi-drug resistant strains in Tables 1-4.
  • the activated bacterial suspension was diluted to a concentration of 0.5 McMulster standard, and after 1:1 dilution of the MH broth medium, ⁇ was added to each well.
  • the above four multiresistant antibiotic resistance from lmg / mL started to 2-fold diluted 1: 2048 (2 11), and then the stock solution and diluted with various concentrations of each antibiotic resistant Add to the wells containing the above-mentioned bacterial suspension, add ⁇ to each well, and finally record the minimum effective concentration (MIC) of each antibiotic.
  • a bacterial control i.e., bacterial solution plus an equal volume of culture medium
  • a blank medium control were set.
  • the microplate reader was tested at 630 nm, and the inhibition rate of bacteria was calculated by Formula 2, and the obtained data was substituted into Formula 1 to calculate the specific distance, and the ratio was less than 50% of the disease rate virus dilution index.
  • Half of the bacteriostatic concentration was obtained (Reed-Muench method).
  • Inhibition rate (inhibition test OD value - drug control OD value) / (bacterial solution control OD value - blank white control OD value)
  • the drug-resistant antibiotics in Table 5 were diluted 2-fold to 2-5 from 1 mg/mL (initial drug concentration) and added horizontally to 96-well plates at 100 ⁇ l per well. , repeat 3 wells per dilution.
  • the test sample N1 of the honeysuckle extract prepared in Example 1 was diluted with PBS to a concentration of 40 mg/ml, and then diluted by 2 times (1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1 : 32, 1 : 64, 1 : 128 ). Then add to each well, 100 ⁇ l per well.
  • antibiotic control (with blank culture solution instead of honeysuckle extract N1), bacterial control and blank medium control.
  • the absorbance at 600 nm was measured on a spectrophotometer.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗细菌所引起疾病的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含含有环烯醚萜类化合物的金银花提取物和抗生素。本发明还提供了包含分开放置的含有环烯醚萜类化合物的金银花提取物和抗生素的药物试剂盒。通过联合使用金银花提取物与抗生素,可提高多重耐药细菌对耐药抗生素的敏感性,具有良好的临床应用前景,特别是有助于改善目前病原菌对抗生素耐药导致细菌感染类疾病难以医治的状况。本发明还提供了所述药物组合物和药物试剂盒在制备预防和/或治疗细菌所引起疾病的药物中的用途。此外,本发明还提供了金银花提取物在制备逆转细菌耐药性的药物中的用途。

Description

包含金银花提取物与抗生素的药物组合物、 药物试剂盒
及金银花提取物的制药用途 技术领域
本发明属于制药技术领域。具体而言, 本发明涉及包含从中药金银花或 其基源植物忍冬或同属植物中提取、 精制得到的金银花提取物与抗生素的 药物组合物及其在制备预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的药物中的用途。 此 外, 本发明还涉及金银花提取物的制药用途。 背景技术
近年来 大量抗生素在医疗实践中的密集使用问题已愈加严重。 抗生素 的不当使用给微生物特别是细菌施加了选择性进化压力,造成了耐药细菌种 类和数量的急剧增长、 甚至出现了可抗多种抗生素的 "超级细菌" 。 一般情 况下, 大多数新启用的抗生素在若千年内都会因病原菌产生抗药 H 失去原 有效力。 如耐青霉素的肺炎链球菌, 过去对青霉素、 红霉素、 横胺等药品都 很敏感, 现在几乎无效 又如, 常见感染来源如金黄色葡萄球菌、 肺炎链球 菌、 肠球菌属、 铜绿假单胞菌等, 渐变成多种抗药性, 对于通常使用的 β- 内酰胺类、 喹啉酮类、 新颖大环内酯类、 头孢菌素类甚至万古霉素都具有抗 药性。 再如, 有数据表明绿脓杆菌对阿莫西林, 西力欣等 8种抗生素的耐药 性达 100%, 肺炎克雷伯氏菌对西力欣、 复达欣等 16种高档抗生素的耐药性 高达 51.85%--100%。 而耐高曱氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌除万古霉素外已经 无药可治。
大量耐药菌的产生, 使难治性感染越来越多, 导致病菌感染的机会越来 越多;治疗感染性疾病的费用越来越高。如何降低细菌对耐药抗生素的抗性、 提高其对抗生素的敏感性已成为医学领域备受关注的问题。
我国传统中草药"金银花 "一名出自 《本草纲目》 , 为中药材和植物的统 称。 植物金银花又名忍冬, 为忍冬科多年生、 半常绿缠绕木质藤本植物。 由 于忍冬花初开为白色, 后转为黄色, 因此得名金银花。 药材金银花即为忍冬 科忍冬属植物忍冬及同属植物干燥花蕾或初开的花。
金银花自古被誉为清热解毒的良药,是我国传统医学常用的清热解毒药 物之一, 几千年以来, 在临床上发挥着突出疗效, 深受医患人群的喜爱。 它 性甘寒、 气芳香, 甘寒清热而不伤胃, 芳香透达又可祛邪。 金银花既能宣散 风热, 还善清解血毒, 用于各种热性病, 如身热、 发疹、 发斑、 热毒疮痈、 咽喉肿痛等证, 均效果显著。 近代研究对金银花清热解毒的机制作了初步探 讨。 例如, 金银花有明显的解热和抗炎作用, 腹腔注射金银花提取液 0.25g / kg, 能抑制大鼠角叉菜胶性脚肿; 注射 30-40g / kg 能减轻蛋清性脚肿程 度; 注射 8g / kg、 2次 /天, 对大鼠巴豆油性肉芽嚢也有明显抗渗出和抗增 生的作用。 另外认为金银花对机体免疫系统有重要的调节作用, 金银花煎剂 促进白细胞的吞噬功能; 腹腔注射金银花注射液, 也有明显促进炎性细胞吞 噬功能的作用。
对金银花化学成分的研究表明, 金银花中含有有机酸类、 三萜皂苷类、 黄酮及其苷类、 环烯醚萜苷类、 挥发油等。 目前已开展了提取金银花的活性 成分并证明其药效的研究, 但迄今为止, 还没有将金银花提取物与抗生素联 合应用来提高细菌对抗生素的敏感性的报道。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种包含金银花提取物和抗生素的药物组合物, 其中, 金银花提取物从金银花或其基源植物忍冬或同属其他植物制备得到, 其中的有效成分为开联番木鳖苷酸。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种包含金银花提取物和抗生素的药物 试剂盒, 其中金银花提取物和抗生素分开放置。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供上述药物组合物和药物试剂盒在制备预 防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供含有环烯醚萜类化合物的金银花提取物 在制备逆转细菌耐药性的药物中的用途。
本发明采用的技术方案为:
一方面,本发明提供一种用于预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的药物组合 物, 所述药物组合物包含含有环烯醚萜类化合物的金银花提取物和抗生素; 优选地, 所述药物组合物还包含药学上可接受的载体和 /或赋形剂。 其中,所述预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病是通过逆转细菌耐药性预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病。 因此, 当细菌对抗生素产生耐药性时, 所述药物组 合物可以逆转或对抗细菌的耐药性。
另一方面,本发明提供一种用于预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的药物试 剂盒, 所述药物试剂盒包含分开放置的含有环烯醚萜类化合物的金银花提取 物和抗生素。该试剂盒可用于在有需要的患者中预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾 病, 其中所述金银花提取物和抗生素可以同时、 连续或以一定时间间隔顺序 给药至患者。 实验表明, 金银花提取物可以提高、 恢复和 /或改善细菌对抗生 素的敏感性, 逆转、 对抗细菌对抗生素的耐药性, 从而提高抗生素对细菌的 杀灭或抑制效果。
在上述药物组合物和药物试剂盒中,所述金银花提取物包含以下述结构 式表示的环 醚萜类化合物:
Figure imgf000004_0001
( 1 ) (2) (3) (4) 其中,
式(1 ) 中, Xi、 X2表示 0, R表示 H, 所述化合物为开联番木鳖苷酸; 式(2)、(3)、(4)中, 12各自独立地表示11、 C1-6低级烷基或 C2-6 低级链烯基。
上述金银花提取物的主要有效成分为开联番木鳖苷酸。
优选地, 所述金银花提取物中包含 50 重量%以上的开联番木鳖苷酸; 优选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 70%重量以上的开联番木鳖苷酸; 进一步优 选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 80%重量以上的开联番木鳖苷酸; 最优选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 90%重量以上的开联番木鳖苷酸。
可以根据专利 ZL200610083556.7公开的方法制备本文所述金银花提取 物, 该专利的公开内容以引用的方式全部并入本文。 根据本发明的具体实施 方式, 所述金银花提取物通过包括以下步骤的方法制备:
( 1 )将植物金银花或其基源植物忍冬或同属其他植物粉碎, 然后用水 和 /或含量不大于 95体积%的 d-C6烷醇水溶液进行提取, 得到提取液;
(2)将步骤( 1 )得到的提取液经常压或减压浓缩干燥得到浸膏, 或经 喷雾干燥得到粉末, 再用水溶解后, 用含量不大于 95体积%的 CrC6烷醇水 溶液进行沉淀或沉降, 得到沉淀物或溶解液浓缩物;
( 3 )将经步骤( 2 )得到的沉淀物或溶解液浓缩物用色谱方法分离纯化, 收集含有环烯醚萜类化合物的洗脱液,其中所述色谱方法选自大孔吸附树脂 柱色谱法、 正相硅胶色谱法和反相硅胶色谱法中的一种或多种;
优选地, 所述金银花提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将金银花药材粉碎, 以 50% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液提取从而得 到提取液;
( 2 )将步骤(1 )得到的提取液减压浓缩得到浸膏, 加水溶解, 过滤, 溶液浓缩至干, 加 95% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液溶解, 同时加入蒸馏水使 溶液含乙醇 75% (体积 /体积), 静置后过滤, 滤液回收乙醇的流浸膏;
( 3 )向将步骤(2 )得到的流浸膏加水溶解并过滤, 滤液通过苯乙烯大 孔吸附树脂色语柱, 然后依次用水、 20% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液洗脱, 回 收 20% (体积 /体积 ) 乙醇水溶液洗脱液中的乙醇;
更优选地, 所述制备方法进一步包括将步骤(3 )获得的含有环烯醚萜 类化合物的洗脱液通过凝胶色谱纯化;
最优选地, 所述制备方法进一步包括将步骤(3 )获得的含有环烯醚萜 类化合物的洗脱液通过 Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱纯化, 收集水洗脱液。
优选地, 本文中所述抗生素选自氨苄西林、 青霉烷砜、 哌拉西林、 他唑 巴坦、 阿莫西林、 克拉维酸、 头孢唑林、 头孢呋辛、 头孢曲松、 头孢呋新钠、 舒普深、 左旋氧氟、 头孢噻肟、 头孢他啶、 亚胺培南、 头孢吡肟、 头孢西丁、 庆大霉素、 阿米卡星、 环丙沙星、 氯霉素、 复方新诺明、 四环素、 呋喃妥因、 氨曲南、 环丙沙星、 诺氟沙星、 氨卡、 舒巴坦、 替卡西林、 棒酸、 妥布霉素、 特治星、 亚胺培南、 米诺环素、 美罗培南、 青霉素、 苯唑西林、 红霉素、 万 古霉素、 利福平和克林霉素中的一种或多种;
优选地, 所述抗生素为氨苄西林和 /或红霉素。
另一方面,本发明提供上述药物组合物和药物试剂盒在制备预防和 /或治 疗细菌所引起疾病的药物中的用途。
优选地, 所述细菌可以为抗生素耐药菌, 优选为多重抗生素耐药菌; 更 优选地, 所述细菌可以为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌; 进一步优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌选自大肠杆菌、 铜绿假单胞菌、 克雷伯 氏杆菌、 鲍曼不动杆菌、 变形杆菌、 肠科杆菌属、 流感嗜血杆菌、 肺炎杆菌 和卡他菌属中的一种或多种; 更优选地, 为大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和 /或克 雷伯氏杆菌。
或者, 所述细菌为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌; 优选地, 所述多重 抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌选自金黄色葡萄球菌、耐曱氧西林金黄色葡萄球 菌、 化脓性链球菌 A组、 肺炎链球菌、 枯草芽孢杆菌、 表皮葡萄球菌中的一 种或多种; 进一步优选地,为耐曱氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和 /或金黄色葡萄球 菌。
此外, 在上述用途中, 所述细菌所引起疾病为细菌引起的感染类疾病, 特別是抗生素耐药菌引起的感染类疾病,例如消化系统感染、血液系统感染、 呼吸系统感染、 尿路感染、 中枢神经系统感染、 骨关节感染、 耳、 乳突和鼻 窦感染和皮肤软组织感染; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为上述抗生素耐药 菌引起的呼吸系统感染;
其中, 所述细菌所引起疾病可以为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起 的呼吸系统感染; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏 阴性菌引起的感染性肺炎; 进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生 素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起的院内感染性肺炎; 更优选地, 所述细菌所引起 疾病为多重抗生素耐药的克雷伯氏杆菌引起的院内感染性肺炎。
或者, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌引起的呼 吸系统感染; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性 菌引起的肺炎; 进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为耐曱氧西林金黄色葡 萄球菌引起的肺炎。
又一方面, 本发明提供一种含有环烯醚萜类化合物的金银花提取物在制 备逆转细菌耐药性的药物中的用途。 实验表明, 金银花提取物可以提高、 恢 复和 /或改善细菌对抗生素的敏感性,从而可用于制备逆转、对抗细菌耐药性 的药物。 此药物经施用至患者, 可以逆转、 对抗患者体内具有耐药性的细菌 (甚至是多重抗生素耐药细菌)对抗生素的耐药性, 也可以预防患者体内的 细菌对抗生素产生耐药性。
其中, 所述金银花提取物包含以下述结构式 示的环烯醚萜类化合物:
Figure imgf000006_0001
( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) 其中,
式(1 ) 中, X2表示 O, R表示 H;
式(2 )、(3 )、(4 )中, 12各自独立地表示11、 C1-6低级烷基或 C2-6 低级链烯基。
优选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 50重量%以上的以式( 1 )表示的开联 番木鳖苷酸; 进一步优选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 70%重量以上的开联番 木鳖苷酸; 更优选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 80%重量以上的开联番木鳖苷 酸; 最优选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 90%重量以上的开联番木鳖苷酸。
可以根据专利 ZL200610083556.7公开的方法制备本文所述金银花提取 物, 该专利的公开内容以引用的方式全部并入本文。 根据本发明的具体实施 方式, 所述金银花提取物通过包括以下步骤的方法制备:
( 1 )将植物金银花或其基源植物忍冬或同属其他植物粉碎, 然后用水 和 /或含量不大于 95体积%的 CrC6烷醇水溶液进行提取, 得到提取液;
( 2 )将步骤( 1 )得到的提取液经常压或减压浓缩得到浸膏, 或经喷雾 干燥得到粉末, 再用水溶解后, 用含量不大于 95体积%的 CrC6烷醇水溶液 进行沉淀或沉降, 得到沉淀物或溶解液浓缩物;
( 3 )将步骤(2 )得到的沉淀物或溶解液浓缩物用色谱方法分离纯化, 收集含有环烯醚萜类化合物的洗脱液,其中所述色谱方法选自大孔吸附树脂 柱色谱法、 正相硅胶色谱法和反相硅胶色谱法中的一种或多种;
优选地, 所述金银花提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将金银花药材粉碎, 以 50% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液提取, 从而 得到提取液;
( 2 )将步骤(1 )得到的提取液减压浓缩得到浸膏, 加水溶解, 过滤, 溶液浓缩至干, 加 95% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液溶解, 同时加入蒸馏水使 溶液含乙醇 75% (体积 /体积), 静置后过滤, 滤液回收乙醇的流浸膏;
( 3 )向将步骤(2 )得到的流浸膏加水溶解并过滤, 滤液通过苯乙烯大 孔吸附树脂色语柱, 然后依次用水、 20% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液洗脱, 回 收 20% (体积 /体积 ) 乙醇水溶液洗脱液中的乙醇;
更优选地, 所述制备方法进一步包括将步骤(3 )获得的含有环烯醚萜 类化合物的洗脱液通过凝胶色谱纯化;
最优选地, 所述制备方法进一步包括将步骤(3 )获得的含有环烯醚萜 类化合物的洗脱液通过 Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱纯化, 收集水洗脱液。
在上文所述用途中, 所述细菌耐药性为细菌耐抗生素的耐药性; 优选地, 所述细菌耐药性为细菌耐多种抗生素的耐药性; 进一步优选地, 所述抗生素选自氨苄西林、 青霉烷砜、 哌拉西林、 他唑 巴坦、 阿莫西林、 克拉维酸、 头孢唑林、 头孢呋辛、 头孢曲松、 头孢呋新钠、 舒普深、 左旋氧氟、 头孢噻肟、 头孢他啶、 亚胺培南、 头孢吡肟、 头孢西丁、 庆大霉素、 阿米卡星、 环丙沙星、 氯霉素、 复方新诺明、 四环素、 呋喃妥因、 氨曲南、 环丙沙星、 诺氟沙星、 氨卡、 舒巴坦、 替卡西林、 棒酸、 妥布霉素、 特治星、 亚胺培南、 米诺环素、 美罗培南、 青霉素、 苯唑西林、 红霉素、 万 古霉素、 利福平和克林霉素中的一种或多种;
优选地, 所述抗生素为氨苄西林和 /或红霉素。
此外, 所述药物还可进一步包含抗生素; 优选地, 所述抗生素选自氨苄 西林、 青霉烷砜、 哌拉西林、 他唑巴坦、 阿莫西林、 克拉维酸、 头孢唑林、 头孢呋辛、 头孢曲松、 头孢呋新钠、 舒普深、 左旋氧氟、 头孢噻肟、 头孢他 啶、 亚胺培南、 头孢吡肟、 头孢西丁、 庆大霉素、 阿米卡星、 环丙沙星、 氯 霉素、 复方新诺明、 四环素、 呋喃妥因、 氨曲南、 环丙沙星、 诺氟沙星、 氨 卡、 舒巴坦、 替卡西林、 棒酸、 妥布霉素、 特治星、 亚胺培南、 米诺环素、 美罗培南、 青霉素、 苯唑西林、 红霉素、 万古霉素、 利福平和克林霉素中的 一种或多种; 进一步优选地, 所述抗生素为氨苄西林和 /或红霉素。 在绿原酸及其衍生物被认为具有抗菌、 抗病毒活性之后, 金银花清热解 毒的物质基石出研究掀起了一个高潮, 多家研究机构或实验室都致力于金银花 有效成分的分离和提取。
本发明人经过大量实验, 从金银花药材中提取、 纯化了主要含开联番木 鳖苷酸的金银花提取物, 并且在和抗生素的联合作用实验中, 发现该金银花 提取物可明显提高、恢复和 /或改善多重耐药菌对所耐抗生素的敏感性,逆转、 对抗多重耐药菌对所耐抗生素的耐药性。 具体表现在于, 在相同抗生素水平 下, 额外添加金艮花提取物后, 原本因细菌耐药而失去抗菌效力的抗生素又 恢复了其抑菌效果,从而证明金银花提取物可以恢复或改善耐药细菌对抗生 素的敏感性, 用于耐药细菌引起的感染类疾病的辅助治疗。 附图说明
以下, 结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施例:
图 1为本发明实施例 1中制备的金银花提取物 N1的 HPLC色谱图, 经测定其含有 90.67% (重量比) 的开联番木鳖苷酸。 图 2为金银花提取物提高肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌对耐药抗生素氨苄西林的敏 感性的实验结果。
图 3为金银花提取物提高金黄色葡萄球菌对耐药抗生素红霉素的敏感性 的实验结果。
图 4为金银花提取物提高大肠杆菌对耐药抗生素氨苄西林的敏感性的实 验结果。
图 5为金银花提取物提高铜绿假单胞菌对耐药抗生素氨苄西林的敏感性 的实验结果。
图 6为本发明实施例中采用的开联番木鳖苷酸标准品的 HPLC色谱图, 纯度为 98.03% (重量比)。 实施发明的最佳方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述, 给出的实施 例仅为了阐明本发明, 而不是为了限制本发明的范围。
下述实施例中的实验方法, 如无特殊说明, 均为常规方法。 下述实施 例中所用的药材原料、 试剂材料等, 如无特殊说明, 均可自常规生化试剂 商店或药品经营企业购买得到。 其中:
实施例中采用的金银花药材购自北京同仁堂连锁药店, 产地为河南, 由毫州市京皖中药饮片厂加工, 批号 200502014 , 经中国医学科学院药物 研究所鉴定为忍冬科植物忍冬 Lonicera japonica Thunb.的干燥花蕾。
实施例中采用的开联番木鳖苷酸, 其用作提取物含量测定的标准品, 由中国 医学科学院药物研究所天然药物化学研究室按照专利 ZL200610083556.7公开的方法自制,经测定含量为 98.03%(色谱图见图 6 )。
实施例中对于金银花提取物中的开联番木鳖苷酸的含量测定方法采 用 HPLC外标法, 具体采用下述仪器和条件:
( 1 )仪器 Agilent 1 100液相色谱仪, 包括四元泵、 自动进样器、 DAD 检测器和 Chemstation色语工作站;
( 2 ) 色谱条件和系统适用性试验: 色谱柱为 Prevail C18 5μ(250ηιηιΧ4.6ηιηι) [Alltech, 美国]; 乙腈 -1%冰醋酸水溶液 (13 : 87)为流动 相, 梯度洗脱; 流速 0.9 ml/min, 停止时间 40分钟, 平衡时间 10分钟, 检 测波长为 242 nm。 理论板数按 JYH峰计算应不低于 1000。
( 3 )试剂: 色谱用乙腈; 纯净水; 分析纯乙酸。
实施例中采用的菌种大肠杆菌 ( Escherichia coli )、 铜绿假单胞菌 ( Pseudomona aeruginosa ), 月市炎克雷 4白氏干菌 ( Klebsiella pneumoniae ), 金 黄色葡萄球菌 ( Staphylococcus aureus )均为临床分离株, 为多重耐药菌, 由 山东省济南市市立四院检验科提供, 其耐药情况见下表 1、 2、 3、 4、 5。
Figure imgf000010_0001
表 1和表 2的备注:
R: 耐药; S: 敏感; I: 中介度(中度耐药)。
AMP: 氨苄西林; PIP: 哌拉西林; TZP: 哌拉西林 /他唑巴坦; AMC: 阿莫西林 /克拉维酸; CZO: 头孢唑啉; CXM: 头孢呋辛; CTX: 头孢噻肟; CAZ: 头孢他啶; CRO: 头孢曲松; IPM: 亚胺培南; FEP: 头孢吡肟; FOX: 头孢西丁; GEN: 庆大霉素; AMK: 阿米卡星; CIP: 环丙沙星; CHL: 氯 霉素; SXT: 复方新诺明; TCY: 四环素; NIT: 呋喃妥因。 表 3 : 铜绿假单胞菌背景材料
Figure imgf000010_0002
备注: R: 耐药; S: 敏感; I: 中介度。
AK: 阿米卡星; ATM: 氨曲南; AMP: 氨苄西林; CRO: 头孢曲松; CLS: 舒普深; CXM: 头孢呋新钠; CAZ: 头孢他啶; CTX: 头孢噻肟; CFP: 头孢哌酮; CIP: 环丙沙星; CN: 庆大; FEP: 头孢吡肟; LEV: 左旋氧氟; NOR: 诺氟杀星; PIP: 哌拉西林; SAM: 氨卡 /舒巴坦; TIM: 替卡西林 / 棒酸; TOB: 妥布; TZP: 特治星; IPM: 亚胺培南; MH: 米诺环素; MEM: 美洛培南。
表 4: 金黄色葡萄球菌背景材料
Figure imgf000011_0001
备注:
R: 耐药; S: 敏感; I: 中介度。
PEN: 青霉素; OXA: 苯唑西林; SAM: 氨苄西林 /青霉烷砜; FOX: 头孢西丁; GEN: 庆大霉素; AMK: 阿米卡星; CIP: 环丙沙星; ERY: 红 霉素; VAN: 万古霉素; RIF: 利福平; SXT: 复方新诺明; TCY: 四环素; CLI: 克林霉素; NIT: 呋喃妥因。
培养基: MH肉汤。
实施例中采用的设备:
恒温培养箱: 上海跃进医疗器械一厂产品。
净化工作台: 济南隆宏公司产品。
酶标仪: 芬兰雷勃公司产品。
722分光光度计: 上海精密科学仪器有限公司产品。
-80°C冰箱: 美国 FOMAS公司产品。 实施例 1 金银花提取物的制备
取金银花药材(500g ), 粗粉碎, 用重量为金银花药材干重 13倍的 50% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液提取 2次, 每次提取 1小时。 合并提取液, 减压浓 缩至稠浸膏, 加入 450毫升蒸馏水加热溶解, 冷却至室温, 静置 24小时, 过滤, 得澄清溶液。
将该澄清溶液减压浓缩至干, 加 1600毫升 95% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶 液, 充分搅拌溶解, 同时緩慢加入蒸馏水使溶液含乙醇 75% (体积 /体积), 静置 24小时, 过滤, 收集滤液, 再减压回收乙醇至流浸膏状。
将该流浸膏加水 500 毫升, 溶解并过滤, 滤液通过经预处理的苯乙烯 SP-825型大孔吸附树脂色语柱,依次用 5倍量树脂柱体积的水洗脱, 然后再 用 6倍量树脂柱体积的 20% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液洗脱, 减压回收乙醇 至无醇味, 冷冻干燥。
采用 Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱进一步纯化, 包括用水洗脱, 收集样 品液, 减压回收, 冷冻干燥, 多次凝胶色谱柱纯化后, 得到金银花提取物 Nl。 以开联番木鳖苷酸为参照物, 用 HPLC外标法测定该金银花提取物 N1 中含开联番木鳖苷酸 90.67% (色谱图见图 1 )。 实施例 2 细菌的耐药抗生素抑菌试验
本实施例测定了表 1-4中四种多重耐药菌的耐药抗生素的抑菌效果。 将活化的菌悬液稀释成浓度相当的 0.5麦氏比浊标准, 经 MH肉汤培养 基 1:1000稀释后, 向每孔中加入 ΙΟΟμΙ^
将上述四种多重耐药菌的耐药抗生素自 lmg/mL (最初的药物浓度)开 始做 2倍稀释至 1:2048 ( 2·11 ), 然后将原液和稀释后不同浓度的耐药抗生素 分別加入到上述含菌悬液的孔中, 每孔加入 ΙΟΟμΙ^, 最后记录每种抗生素的 最低有效浓度(MIC )。
同时设菌液对照 (即菌液加等体积培养液)和空白培养基对照。
37°C培养 20h, 酶标仪于 630nm检测, 用公式②计算细菌抑制率, 并将 获得的数据代入公式①计算比距,比距与低于 50%的病变率病毒稀释度指数 相加, 获得半数抑菌浓度 ( Reed-Muench方法)。
比距 =(高于 50%抑制率 -50% )/(高于 50%抑制率 -低于 50%抑制率 ) 公式①
抑制率 = (抑菌试验 OD值 -药物对照 OD值) / (菌液对照 OD值-空 白对照 OD值) 公式②
结果发现, 四株细菌的耐药抗生素中, 除肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌的耐药抗生 素氨苄西林在前两个稀释度(lmg/mL、 0.5mg/mL )对肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌有 抑制作用外, 四株菌的耐药抗生素在各稀释度对细菌均耐药。 实施例 3 本发明的药物组合物的抗菌作用研究
进行了下述耐药抗生素和金银花提取物 N1对细菌的联合作用实验:
表 5: 联合作用实验的细菌及其耐药抗生素
细菌 耐药抗生素
肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌 氨苄西林
金黄色葡萄球菌 红霉素 大肠杆菌 氨苄西林
铜绿假单胞菌 氨苄西林
将表 5中的耐药抗生素自 lmg/mL (最初的药物浓度)开始做 2倍稀释 至 2-5, 横向依次加入 96孔板中, 每孔 100μ1。, 每个稀释度重复 3孔。 将实 施例 1制备的金银花提取物受试样品 N1用 PBS稀释成 40mg/ml浓度,然后 #丈 2倍比系列稀释(1 : 2、 1 : 4、 1 : 8、 1 : 16、 1 : 32、 1 : 64、 1 : 128 )。 然后向每孔中加入, 每孔 100μ1。
同时设抗生素对照(用空白培养液代替金银花提取物 N1 )、 菌液对照和 空白培养基对照。
37°C培养 20h, 在分光光度计上检测 600nm的吸光值。
结果见图 2至图 5, 其中图中的耐药抗生素为自 lmg/mL (最初的药物 浓度)开始做 2倍稀释至 2-5,因此各图中横坐标的 1~6的浓度分別为 2 -1〜 2 从图中结果可以看出,金银花提取物的加入明显提高了四种多重耐药菌对相 应的耐药抗生素的敏感性, 因此可以将金银花提取物和抗生素混合制成药物 组合物或与耐药抗生素联合用药, 用于预防和 /或治疗耐药细菌所引起疾病。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、一种用于预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的药物组合物,其特征在于, 所述药物组合物包含含有环烯醚萜类化合物的金银花提取物和抗生素;
优选地, 所述药物组合物还包含药学上可接受的载体和 /或赋形剂。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述预防和 /或治 疗细菌所引起疾病是通过逆转细菌耐药性预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病。
3、一种用于预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的药物试剂盒,其特征在于, 所述药物试剂盒包含分开放置的含有环烯醚萜类化合物的金银花提取物和 抗生素。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的药物组合物或权利要求 3所述的药物试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述金银花提取物包含以下述结构式表示的环烯醚萜类化合 物:
Figure imgf000014_0001
( 1 ) (2) (3) (4) 其中,
式(1 ) 中, X2表示 0, R表示 H;
式(2)、(3)、(4)中, 12各自独立地表示11、 C1-6低级烷基或 C2-6 低级链烯基。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的药物组合物或权利要求 3所述的药物试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述金银花提取物包含 50重量%以上的以式( 1 )表示的开联 番木鳖苷酸;
优选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 70%重量以上的开联番木鳖苷酸; 进一步优选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 80%重量以上的开联番木鳖苷 酸;
最优选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 90%重量以上的开联番木鳖苷酸。
6、根据权利要求 1所述的药物组合物或权利要求 3所述的药物试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述金银花提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将植物金银花或其基源植物忍冬或同属其他植物粉碎, 然后用水 和 /或含量不大于 95体积%的 CrC6烷醇水溶液进行提取, 得到提取液;
( 2 )将步骤( 1 )得到的提取液经常压或减压浓缩得到浸膏, 或经喷雾 干燥得到粉末, 再用水溶解后, 用含量不大于 95体积%的 CrC6烷醇水溶液 进行沉淀或沉降, 得到沉淀物或溶解液浓缩物;
( 3 )将步骤(2 )得到的沉淀物或溶解液浓缩物用色谱方法分离纯化, 收集含有环烯醚萜类化合物的洗脱液,其中所述色谱方法选自大孔吸附树脂 柱色谱法、 正相硅胶色谱法和反相硅胶色谱法中的一种或多种;
优选地, 所述金银花提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将金银花药材粉碎, 以 50% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液提取, 从而 得到提取液;
( 2 )将步骤(1 )得到的提取液减压浓缩得到浸膏, 加水溶解, 过滤, 溶液浓缩至干, 加 95% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液溶解, 同时加入蒸馏水使 溶液含乙醇 75% (体积 /体积), 静置后过滤, 滤液回收乙醇的流浸膏;
( 3 )向将步骤(2 )得到的流浸膏加水溶解并过滤, 滤液通过苯乙烯大 孔吸附树脂色语柱, 然后依次用水、 20% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液洗脱, 回 收 20% (体积 /体积 ) 乙醇水溶液洗脱液中的乙醇;
更优选地, 所述制备方法进一步包括将步骤(3 )获得的含有环烯醚萜 类化合物的洗脱液通过凝胶色谱纯化;
最优选地, 所述制备方法进一步包括将步骤(3 )获得的含有环烯醚萜 类化合物的洗脱液通过 Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱纯化, 收集水洗脱液。
7、根据权利要求 1所述的药物组合物或权利要求 3所述的药物试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述抗生素选自氨苄西林、 青霉烷砜、 哌拉西林、 他唑巴坦、 阿莫西林、 克拉维酸、 头孢唑林、 头孢呋辛、 头孢曲松、 头孢呋新钠、 舒普 深、 左旋氧氟、 头孢噻肟、 头孢他啶、 亚胺培南、 头孢吡肟、 头孢西丁、 庆 大霉素、 阿米卡星、 环丙沙星、 氯霉素、 复方新诺明、 四环素、 呋喃妥因、 氨曲南、 环丙沙星、 诺氟沙星、 氨卡、 舒巴坦、 替卡西林、 棒酸、 妥布霉素、 特治星、 亚胺培南、 米诺环素、 美罗培南、 青霉素、 苯唑西林、 红霉素、 万 古霉素、 利福平和克林霉素中的一种或多种;
优选地, 所述抗生素为氨苄西林和 /或红霉素。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的药物组合物或权利要求 3所述的药物试剂盒 在制备预防和 /或治疗细菌所引起疾病的药物中的用途。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌为抗生素耐药 菌, 优选为多重抗生素耐药菌。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌为多重抗生素 耐药的革兰氏阴性菌;
优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌选自大肠杆菌、 铜绿假单 胞菌、 克雷伯氏杆菌、 鲍曼不动杆菌、 变形杆菌、 肠科杆菌属、 流感嗜血杆 菌、 肺炎杆菌和卡他菌属中的一种或多种;
进一步优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌为大肠杆菌、 铜绿 假单胞菌和 /或克雷伯氏杆菌。
11、 根据权利要求 9所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌为多重抗生素 耐药的革兰氏阳性菌;
优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌选自金黄色葡萄球菌、 耐 曱氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌 A组、肺炎链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌 和表皮葡萄球菌中的一种或多种;
进一步优选地, 所述多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌为耐曱氧西林金黄 色葡萄球菌和 /或金黄色葡萄球菌。
12、 根据权利要求 8所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌所引起疾病为 细菌引起的感染类疾病, 特別是抗生素耐药菌引起的感染类疾病, 例如消化 系统感染, 血液系统感染, 呼吸系统感染, 尿路感染, 中枢神经系统感染, 骨关节感染, 耳、 乳突和 /或鼻窦感染以及皮肤软组织感染中的一种或多种; 优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为由所述抗生素耐药细菌引起的呼吸系统 感染。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌所引起疾病 为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起的呼吸系统感染;
进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌 引起的感染性肺炎;
更优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性菌引起 的院内感染性肺炎;
再优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的克雷伯氏杆菌引起 的院内感染性肺炎。
14、 根据权利要求 12所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌所引起疾病 为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌引起的呼吸系统感染; 优选地,所述细菌所引起疾病为多重抗生素耐药的革兰氏阳性菌引起的 肺炎;
进一步优选地, 所述细菌所引起疾病为耐曱氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌引起 的肺炎。
15、一种含有环烯醚萜类化合物的金银花提取物在制备逆转细菌耐药性 的药物中的用途。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述金银花提取物包 含以下述结构式 示的环烯醚萜类化合物:
Figure imgf000017_0001
( 1 ) (2) (3) (4) 其中,
式(1 ) 中, X2表示 0, R表示 H;
式(2)、(3)、(4)中, 12各自独立地表示11、 C1-6低级烷基或 C2-6 低级链烯基。
17、 根据权利要求 15所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述金银花提取物包 含 50重量%以上的以式( 1 )表示的开联番木鳖苷酸;
优选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 70%重量以上的开联番木鳖苷酸; 进一步优选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 80%重量以上的开联番木鳖苷 酸;
最优选地, 所述金银花提取物包含 90%重量以上的开联番木鳖苷酸。
18、 根据权利要求 15所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述金银花提取物的 制备方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将植物金银花或其基源植物忍冬或同属其他植物粉碎, 然后用水 和 /或含量不大于 95体积%的 d-C6烷醇水溶液进行提取, 得到提取液;
(2)将步骤( 1 )得到的提取液经常压或减压浓缩得到浸膏, 或经喷雾 干燥得到粉末, 再用水溶解后, 用含量不大于 95体积%的 d-C6烷醇水溶液 进行沉淀或沉降, 得到沉淀物或溶解液浓缩物;
( 3 )将步骤(2 )得到的沉淀物或溶解液浓缩物用色谱方法分离纯化, 收集含有环烯醚萜类化合物的洗脱液,其中所述色谱方法选自大孔吸附树脂 柱色谱法、 正相硅胶色谱法和反相硅胶色谱法中的一种或多种;
优选地, 所述金银花提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将金银花药材粉碎, 以 50% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液提取, 从而 得到提取液;
( 2 )将步骤(1 )得到的提取液减压浓缩得到浸膏, 加水溶解, 过滤, 溶液浓缩至干, 加 95% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液溶解, 同时加入蒸馏水使 溶液含乙醇 75% (体积 /体积), 静置后过滤, 滤液回收乙醇的流浸膏;
( 3 )向将步骤(2 )得到的流浸膏加水溶解并过滤, 滤液通过苯乙烯大 孔吸附树脂色语柱, 然后依次用水、 20% (体积 /体积) 乙醇水溶液洗脱, 回 收 20% (体积 /体积 ) 乙醇水溶液洗脱液中的乙醇;
更优选地, 所述制备方法进一步包括将步骤(3 )获得的含有环烯醚萜 类化合物的洗脱液通过凝胶色谱纯化;
最优选地, 所述制备方法进一步包括将步骤(3 )获得的含有环烯醚萜 类化合物的洗脱液通过 Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱纯化, 收集水洗脱液。
19、 根据权利要求 15所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述细菌耐药性为细 菌耐抗生素的耐药性;
优选地, 所述细菌耐药性为细菌耐多种抗生素的耐药性;
进一步优选地, 所述抗生素选自氨苄西林、 青霉烷砜、 哌拉西林、 他唑 巴坦、 阿莫西林、 克拉维酸、 头孢唑林、 头孢呋辛、 头孢曲松、 头孢呋新钠、 舒普深、 左旋氧氟、 头孢噻肟、 头孢他啶、 亚胺培南、 头孢吡肟、 头孢西丁、 庆大霉素、 阿米卡星、 环丙沙星、 氯霉素、 复方新诺明、 四环素、 呋喃妥因、 氨曲南、 环丙沙星、 诺氟沙星、 氨卡、 舒巴坦、 替卡西林、 棒酸、 妥布霉素、 特治星、 亚胺培南、 米诺环素、 美罗培南、 青霉素、 苯唑西林、 红霉素、 万 古霉素、 利福平和克林霉素中的一种或多种;
优选地, 所述抗生素为氨苄西林和 /或红霉素。
20、 根据权利要求 15所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述药物进一步包含 抗生素;
优选地, 所述抗生素选自氨苄西林、 青霉烷砜、 哌拉西林、 他唑巴坦、 阿莫西林、 克拉维酸、 头孢唑林、 头孢呋辛、 头孢曲松、 头孢呋新钠、 舒普 深、 左旋氧氟、 头孢噻肟、 头孢他啶、 亚胺培南、 头孢吡肟、 头孢西丁、 庆 大霉素、 阿米卡星、 环丙沙星、 氯霉素、 复方新诺明、 四环素、 呋喃妥因、 氨曲南、 环丙沙星、 诺氟沙星、 氨卡、 舒巴坦、 替卡西林、 棒酸、 妥布霉素、 特治星、 亚胺培南、 米诺环素、 美罗培南、 青霉素、 苯唑西林、 红霉素、 万 古霉素、 利福平和克林霉素中的一种或多种;
进一步优选地, 所述抗生素为氨苄西林和 /或红霉素。
PCT/CN2011/078331 2011-08-12 2011-08-12 包含金银花提取物与抗生素的药物组合物、药物试剂盒及金银花提取物的制药用途 WO2013023338A1 (zh)

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EP2743275B1 (en) 2018-10-10
CN103732609B (zh) 2016-08-24
JP5980925B2 (ja) 2016-08-31
EP2743275A4 (en) 2015-04-08
US20140193530A1 (en) 2014-07-10
US9849145B2 (en) 2017-12-26
RU2014104754A (ru) 2015-09-20
CN103732609A (zh) 2014-04-16
JP2014525923A (ja) 2014-10-02
RU2571281C2 (ru) 2015-12-20

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