Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C227/04—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups
  • C07C227/06—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups by addition or substitution reactions, without increasing the number of carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton of the acid
  • C07C227/08—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups by addition or substitution reactions, without increasing the number of carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton of the acid by reaction of ammonia or amines with acids containing functional groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C227/04—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
  • C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
  • C07C229/08—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to hydrogen atoms

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the synthesis of ⁇ -amino-alkanoic acids or their esters from unsaturated natural fatty acids transiting via an de-unsaturated nitrile-type intermediate compound.
• nylon a variety of monomers consisting of long chain ⁇ -amino acids, usually called nylon, characterized by the length of the methylene chain (-CH 2 ) n between two amide -CO-NH- functions, Nylon-6, nylon 6-6, nylon 6-10, nylon 7, nylon 8, nylon 9, nylon 11, nylon 13, etc. are thus known.
• These monomers are, for example, manufactured by chemical synthesis using C2-C4 olefins, cycloalkanes or benzene as raw material, but also castor oil (nylon 11), erucic oil or lesquerolic (Nylon 13) ...
• the first consists of a methanolysis of castor oil in a basic medium producing the ricinoleate of methyl which is then subjected to pyrolysis to obtain on the one hand heptanaldehyde and on the other hand methyl undecylenate.
• the latter has gone into acid form by hydrolysis.
• the formed acid is subjected to hydrobromination to give the ⁇ -bromo acid from which amine-1-undecanoic acid amination is carried out.
• H 3 C- (CH 2) 7-CH CH- (CH 2 ) 7 -COOCH 3 + (O 3 , H 2 ) HOC- (CH 2 ) 7 -COOCH 3 + H 3 C- (CH 2 ) 7 -COH
• the present invention aims at providing a new process for synthesizing a whole range of ⁇ -amino-alkanoic acids or their esters from unsaturated natural fatty acids.
• the proposed solution is to work from raw materials consisting of natural long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, to transform them in a first stage into nitr-unsaturated nitriles and then in a second stage to "reinsert" a carboxylic acid function into the composed by action on the terminal double bond of the ⁇ -unsaturated nitrile, by cross-metathesis reaction with an acrylate-type compound.
• CH 2 CH- (CH 2 ) p -COOH + NH 3
• CH 2 CH- (CH 2 ) p -CN + 2H 2 O
• R 1 -CH CH- (CH 2 ) p -COOH + NH 3
• R 1 -CH CH- (CH 2 ) p -CN + 2 H 2 O
• R 3 OOC-CH CH- (CH 2 ) p -CN + 3H 2 ⁇
• R 3 OOC-CH CH- (CH 2 ) 7 -CN + 3H 2 -> R 3 OOC- (CH 2 ) 9 -CH 2 NH 2
• R 3 OOC-CH CH- (CH 2 ) P -CN which will then be hydrogenated to R 3 OOC- (CH 2 ) p + 2 - CH 2 NH 2 .
• the ethenolysis of the acid (ester) is first carried out, followed by the ammoniation of the ⁇ -alkenoic acid;
• the ammoniation of the acid (ester) is first carried out, followed by the ethenolysis of the nitrile of the starting fatty acid;
• the pyrolysis of the hydroxylated fatty acid (ester) is first carried out, followed by the ammoniation of the ⁇ -alkenoic acid (ester) derived from the pyrolysis;
• the product from the first stage is subjected to a cross-metathesis reaction with the acrylate compound
• the compound derived from the second stage is subjected to hydrogenation.
• x 3 and the radical R 2 is CH 2 -CH-CH 2 , where x represents And R 2 is CH 2 -CH-CH 2 OH or CH 2 -CHOH-CH 2 .
• catalysts that is to say catalysts whose active ingredient is that of the homogeneous catalyst, including ruthenium-carbene complexes, but which is immobilized on an inactive support.
• the objective of this work is to increase the selectivity of the cross-metathesis reaction with respect to parasitic reactions such as "homo-metathesis" between the reagents involved. They relate not only to the structure of the catalysts but also to the incidence of the reaction medium and the additives that can be introduced.
• the cross-metathesis reaction with ethylene at one of the first phase steps can be carried out with any active and selective metathesis catalyst, and preferably is conducted at a temperature between 20 and 100 ° C at a pressure from 1 to 30 bar in the presence of a conventional metathesis catalyst, for example of the Ruthenium type.
• the reaction time is chosen according to the reagents used and to reach as close as possible to the equilibrium of the reaction.
• the reaction is carried out under ethylene pressure. It can be performed directly on the oil, the ester, and on the fatty acid.
• the ruthenium catalysts are preferably chosen from filled or un-charged catalysts of general formula:
• a, b, c, d are integers with a and b equal to 0, 1 or 2; c and d are 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
• X1 and X2 identical or different, each represent a mono- or multi-chelating ligand, charged or not; by way of examples, mention may be made of halides, sulphate, carbonate, carboxylates, alcoholates, phenolates, amides, tosylate, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, bis-triflylamidide, tetraphenylborate and derivatives.
• X1 or X2 may be bonded to Y1 or Y2 or (carbene C) to form a bidentate ligand (or chelate) on ruthenium; and
• L1 and L2 identical or different are electron donor ligands such as phosphine, phosphite, phosphonite, phosphinite, arsine, stilbine, an olefin or an aromatic, a carbonyl compound, an ether, an alcohol, an amine, a pyridine or derivative, an imine, a thioether, or a heterocyclic carbene
• L1 or L2 may be bonded to "carbene C" to form a bidentate ligand or chelate
• the "carbene C” may be represented by the general formula: C_ (R1) _ (R2) for which R1 and R2 are identical or different, such as hydrogen or any other saturated or unsaturated, cyclic, branched or linear hydrocarbon-based group, or aromatic.
• R1 and R2 are identical or different, such as hydrogen or any other saturated or unsaturated, cyclic, branched or linear hydrocarbon-based group, or aromatic.
• R1 and R2 are identical or different, such as hydrogen or any other saturated or unsaturated, cyclic, branched or linear hydrocarbon-based group, or aromatic.
• R1 and R2 are identical or different, such as hydrogen or any other saturated or unsaturated, cyclic, branched or linear hydrocarbon-based group, or aromatic.
• a functional group for improving the retention of the ruthenium complex in the ionic liquid can be grafted onto at least one of the ligands X1, X2, L1, L2, or carbene C.
• This functional group can be loaded or not. charged, such as, preferably, an ester, an ether, a thiol, an acid, an alcohol, an amine, a nitrogen heterocycle, a sulphonate, a carboxylate, a quaternary ammonium, a guanidinium, a quaternary phosphonium, a pyridinium, an imidazolium, a morpholinium or a sulfonium.
• the cross metathesis reaction with butyl acrylate is carried out under perfectly known conditions.
• the reaction temperature is between 20 and 100 ° C generally at atmospheric pressure to allow easy release of ethylene in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst of formula (I) given above.
• the process may be carried out batchwise in the liquid or gaseous phase or continuously in the gas phase.
• the reaction is carried out at elevated temperature> 250 ° C and presence of a catalyst which is generally a metal oxide and most commonly zinc oxide. Continuous removal of the formed water, further entraining the unreacted ammonia, allows rapid completion of the reaction.
• the pyrolysis reaction carried out in the variant of the process is carried out on the ester form of the hydroxylated fatty acid in question, in general, the methyl ester.
• the reaction is carried out at high temperature, between 400 and 750 ° C and preferably between 500 and 600 ° C in the presence of superheated steam.
• CH 2 CH- (CH 2 ) 8 -COOCH 3 + NH 3
• CH 2 CH- (CH 2 ) 8 -CN + 2H 2 O.
• the step of synthesizing the fatty amino acids (esters) from the fatty nitrile esters consists of a conventional hydrogenation.
• the catalysts are numerous but preferably Raney nickel and cobalt are used.
• Raney nickel and cobalt are used.
• the primary amine it operates with a partial pressure of ammonia.
• the reduction of nitrile function to primary amine is well known to those skilled in the art.
• the fatty acid can be treated either in its acid form or in its ester form, including triglyceride or diglyceride.
• the transition from one form to the other, by methanolysis, esterification or hydrolysis, perfectly ordinary does not constitute a chemical transformation in the sense of the process.
• the invention furthermore relates to the amino acid or amino ester of renewable origin of general formula NH 2 CH 2 - (CH 2 ) q -COOR, where R is either H or a butyl radical.
• amino acids or aminoesters of renewable origin is meant amino acids or aminoesters which include carbon of origin
• 4-Aminobutanoic acid is obtained from eicosenoic acid.
• the 6-aminohexanoic acid is obtained from obtusilic, linderic and tsuzuic acids.
• the 7-aminoheptanoic acid is obtained from the physeteric acid.
• 11-Aminoundecylenic acid is obtained from lauroleic, caproleic, myristoleic, palmitoleic, oleic, elaidic, ricinoleic and gadoleic acids.
• 12-Aminododecylenic acid is obtained from ricinoleic and lesquerolic acids.
• 13-aminotridecylenic acid is obtained from vaccenic, gondoic, ketoleic and lesquerolic acids.
• the 15-aminopentadecylenic acid is obtained from erucic acid.
• the invention is illustrated by the following examples. Example 1
• This example illustrates the first step of ethenolysis of methyl oleate according to the method object of the invention.
• the reactor is equipped with a condenser at 100 ° C. Ammonia is also injected continuously for 6 hours. Continuous removal of the formed water causes the excess ammonia to allow rapid completion of the reaction. 2.6 g of the nitrile are recovered which are separated by distillation in vacuo.
• This example illustrates the variant with reversal of the order of the 2 stages of phase 1: ammoniation of the unsaturated fatty acid and ethenolysis of the unsaturated nitrile.
• the ammoniation of the oleic acid is carried out batchwise with the introduction of ammonia in molar excess relative to the acid and at a temperature of 300 ° C. at atmospheric pressure (in the gaseous phase), in the presence of a catalyst. 'zinc oxide. Continuous removal of the formed water causes the excess ammonia to allow rapid completion of the reaction.
• the ethenolysis of the nitrile of oleic acid is carried out at 60 ° C. at atmospheric pressure in the presence of a Ruthenium-based catalyst
• the triglyceride of ricinoleic acid is transesterified by an excess of methanol in the presence of sodium methoxide.
• the ester is then vaporized at 225 ° C and then mixed with superheated steam (620 ° C).
• the reaction is brief, about ten seconds.
• the methyl undecenoate is then purified, firstly by cooling the medium which allows the extraction of the water and then by a series of distillations allowing the separation of the ester and the by-products of the product. reaction.
• the 10-undecenenitrile is previously purified on alumina (basic alumina VWR Normapur). 10 g of alumina are loaded into a column and 20 g of 10-undecenenitrile are percolated on the column at atmospheric pressure.
• the metathesis reactor is a 250ml double-jacketed glass reactor equipped with mechanical agitation, a condenser, a temperature probe, a nitrogen inlet and a syringe pump to add the metathesis catalyst continuously.
• the resulting reaction mixture was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the conversion to 10-undecenenitrile and the selectivities to unsaturated C12 nitrile ester (cross-metathesis product) and unsaturated C20 dinitrile (self-metathesis product).
• Example 7 is carried out under the same conditions as Example 6 but using the catalyst of formula (II) below at the same molar amount.
• Example 8 is carried out under the same conditions as Example 6 but using the catalyst of formula (III) below at the same molar amount.
• Example 9 is carried out under the same conditions as Example 6 but replacing butyl acrylate with methyl acrylate at the same molar amount. All the results of Examples 6 to 9 are summarized in the following Table 1.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Priority Applications (9)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=46639637

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (12)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (5)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 2011
  • 2011-08-01 FR FR1157020A patent/FR2978764B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2012
  • 2012-07-26 KR KR1020147005099A patent/KR20140050082A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-07-26 WO PCT/FR2012/051770 patent/WO2013017782A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2012-07-26 EP EP12744111.1A patent/EP2739603B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2012-07-26 US US14/234,879 patent/US8884041B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-07-26 BR BR112014002065A patent/BR112014002065A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2012-07-26 CA CA2842750A patent/CA2842750A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-07-26 JP JP2014523363A patent/JP5981542B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-07-26 PL PL12744111T patent/PL2739603T3/pl unknown
  • 2012-07-26 CN CN201280048363.1A patent/CN103842331B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-08-01 AR ARP120102795A patent/AR087404A1/es active IP Right Grant
• 2014
  • 2014-02-05 ZA ZA2014/00886A patent/ZA201400886B/en unknown

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (12)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events