WO2013004015A1 - 一种铷原子频标及其频率绝对值修正电路 - Google Patents
一种铷原子频标及其频率绝对值修正电路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013004015A1 WO2013004015A1 PCT/CN2011/076916 CN2011076916W WO2013004015A1 WO 2013004015 A1 WO2013004015 A1 WO 2013004015A1 CN 2011076916 W CN2011076916 W CN 2011076916W WO 2013004015 A1 WO2013004015 A1 WO 2013004015A1
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- frequency
- absolute value
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- value correction
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 3
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/26—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of atomic frequency standard, in particular to a cesium atomic frequency standard and a frequency absolute value correction circuit thereof.
- the atomic frequency standard is a frequency source with excellent stability and accuracy. It has been widely used in satellite positioning, navigation and communication, instrumentation and astronomy.
- the helium atomic frequency standard has become the most widely used atomic frequency standard because of its small size, light weight, low power consumption and low cost.
- Helium atomic frequency standards mainly include voltage controlled crystal oscillators, physical units and electronic circuits.
- the physical unit includes: a light spectrum lamp, an integrated filter resonance bubble, a microwave cavity for generating a microwave field, a c-field coil, a photocell for detecting an optical signal, a coupling ring, and a magnetic screen.
- the output signal of the electronic circuit to the voltage controlled crystal oscillator is processed by frequency doubling mixing to generate a microwave interrogation signal, and the quantum frequency discrimination signal generated on the photo cell after the microwave inquiry signal passes through the physical system is processed to generate voltage control.
- the signal thereby locking the output of the voltage controlled quartz crystal oscillator to the ground state hyperfine 0-0 transition frequency of the helium atom.
- the role of the c-field coil is to generate a weak static magnetic field parallel to the direction of the microwave magnetic field, causing Zeeman splitting of the ground state superfine structure and providing a quantization axis for the atomic transition.
- the transition line of the helium atom is not absolutely symmetrical, and the transition frequency of the helium atom deviates from the standard frequency of 6. 8346975 GHz, which is the ground state superfine 0_0 transition of the aforementioned helium atom. frequency.
- the frequency of the microwave interrogation signal generated by the electronic circuit cannot be aligned with the standard frequency of the helium atomic transition line, and the voltage control signal obtained by the phase discrimination processing of the quantum frequency discrimination signal generated by the photocell is inaccurate, thereby causing the voltage control signal to be locked.
- the output frequency of the voltage controlled crystal oscillator is not accurate.
- the existing method for improving the accuracy of the output frequency of the cesium atomic frequency standard is to use an external frequency adjustment circuit to correct the output frequency of the cesium atomic frequency standard, but the increase of the external frequency adjustment circuit causes the output frequency signal to be stable. Degree is worse. Summary of the invention
- the embodiment of the present invention provides a ⁇ atomic frequency standard and its frequency absolute value correction circuit.
- the technical solution is as follows:
- a helium atomic frequency standard comprising a voltage controlled crystal oscillator, a physical unit and an electronic circuit, the physical unit comprising a microwave cavity, a c-field coil disposed outside the microwave cavity, and a constant current source electrically connected to the C-field coil Device.
- the physical unit further includes a frequency absolute value correcting circuit including a variable resistor connected in series between the constant current source device and the C field coil
- a frequency absolute value correcting circuit for a helium atomic frequency standard comprising a variable resistor connected in series between a constant current source device and a c field coil of the helium atomic frequency standard.
- the embodiment of the present invention adjusts the current in the c-field coil by the frequency absolute value correction circuit, and changes the intensity of the magnetic field provided by the atom in the physical unit, thereby
- the atomic transition frequency can be adjusted to fine tune the output frequency of the entire atomic frequency standard to ensure the accuracy and stability of the atomic frequency standard.
- the frequency absolute value correction circuit has a simple structure and is convenient to operate.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an absolute value correction circuit for a helium atomic frequency standard provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a helium atomic frequency standard provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a physical unit of a cesium atomic frequency standard according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of a synthesizer for a helium atomic frequency standard according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of a keyed FM signal and a synchronous phase detection signal generated by a synthesizer of a helium atomic frequency standard according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a structural block diagram of a servo-locked amplification module of a helium atomic frequency standard according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a four-way frequency division module and a transistor-transistor logic level module of a helium atomic frequency standard according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. detailed description
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a frequency absolute value correction circuit 10 for a helium atomic frequency standard, the frequency absolute value correction circuit 10 including a series connection between the constant current source device 11 and the C field coil 12 of the helium atomic frequency standard.
- Variable resistor Rk Variable resistor
- the frequency absolute value correction circuit further includes a fixed resistor R, and the fixed resistor is connected in parallel with the variable resistor Rk.
- the fixed resistor R prevents the current in the C-field coil from being inadvertent due to inadvertent adjustment.
- variable resistor Rk may be a sliding varistor, a digital potentiometer, or the like.
- the embodiment of the present invention adjusts the current in the C-field coil by the frequency absolute value correction circuit, and changes the intensity of the magnetic field provided by the atom in the physical unit, thereby adjusting the atomic transition frequency, and then performing the output frequency of the entire atomic frequency standard. Fine-tuning ensures the accuracy and stability of the atomic frequency standard.
- the frequency absolute value correction circuit has a simple structure and is convenient to operate. Example 2
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a helium atomic frequency standard including a voltage controlled crystal oscillator 20, a physical unit 30, and an electronic circuit 40.
- the electronic circuit 40 includes a synthesizer 41, a multiplier module 42 and a servo lock-in amplification module 43.
- the synthesizer 41 is configured to convert an output signal of the voltage controlled crystal oscillator 20 into an integrated modulation signal; the double mixing module 42 is configured to convert the integrated modulated signal output by the synthesizer 41 into a microwave interrogation signal. And sent to the physical unit 30; the servo lock phase amplification module 43 is configured to control an output frequency of the voltage controlled crystal oscillator 20 according to the quantum frequency signal output by the physical unit 30.
- the physical unit 30 includes a microwave cavity 33, a C-field coil 34 disposed outside the microwave cavity 33, a constant current source device 31 electrically connected to the C-field coil 34, and a connection thereto.
- the frequency absolute value correction module 50 between the C field coil 34 and the constant current source device 31 is described.
- the frequency absolute value correction module 50 in this embodiment has the same structure as the frequency absolute value correction module 10 in the first embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
- the physical unit 30 of the present embodiment further includes a spectral lamp 39 that provides pumping light, an integrated filter resonant bubble 32 disposed within the microwave cavity 33, a photocell 35 that detects optical signals, a spectral lamp 39, and integration.
- Filter resonance The bubble 32 provides a temperature control module 38 for a constant temperature working environment, a coupling ring 36 fixed to the microwave cavity 33, and a magnetic shield 37 disposed outside the microwave cavity.
- the structure, function and connection relationship of these components are It is well known to those skilled in the art, and thus detailed descriptions are omitted herein.
- the output frequency of the voltage controlled crystal oscillator 20 is 40 MHz.
- the synthesizer 41 includes a digital frequency synthesizer 411, and a microprocessor 412 for generating a frequency control word 412a and a keyed FM signal 412b.
- the microprocessor 412 and the external clock reference source inputs 412c and 411a of the digital frequency synthesizer 411 are both coupled to the output of the voltage controlled crystal oscillator 20.
- a 6-frequency unit is built in the digital frequency synthesizer 411.
- the output frequency of the voltage controlled crystal oscillator 20 is 40 MHz
- a 240 MHz signal is obtained after passing through the 6-times frequency unit as a system clock.
- the output frequency range of the digital frequency synthesizer 411 is 0 to 240 MHz.
- Microprocessor 412 changes the binary bit '0' or '1' via frequency control word 412a to change the specific frequency output of the digital frequency synthesizer. Since the frequency multiplication is small, the phase noise generated by the synthesizer can be reduced.
- the output frequency of the digital frequency synthesizer 411 is 114. 6875 MHz A F, 2* ⁇ ⁇ is smaller than the atomic natural line width.
- the frequency control word set by the microprocessor is 114. 6875MHz/240MHz o
- the keyed FM signal is a low frequency square wave signal with a duty ratio of 1:1.
- the frequency of the keyed FM signal is 10 to 200 Hz. In this embodiment, Specifically, you can choose 117Hz.
- the frequency signal output by the digital frequency synthesizer 411 is F1
- 2*AF is called modulation depth, and its size should be smaller than the natural line width of the atom, such as 300Hz.
- the microprocessor 412 is further configured to provide a synchronous phase-detection signal for the servo-locked amplification module, as shown in B of FIG. 5, the frequency and duty ratio of the synchronous phase-detection signal and the key
- the control FM signal is the same, and there is a fixed phase difference with the keyed FM signal, as shown in FIG.
- the phase difference can be 40°.
- the servo lock-in amplification module 43 includes an analog-to-digital conversion circuit 431, a microprocessor 412, and a digital-to-analog conversion circuit 432.
- the microprocessor 412 controls the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 431 to sample the quantum-identification signal output by the physical unit 30 according to the timing edge of the aforementioned synchronous phase-detection signal, and transmits the sampled value to the microprocessor 412; the microprocessor 412 is The voltage value obtained by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 431 is subjected to a difference operation, and the result is outputted through the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 432 to obtain a correction voltage ⁇ , and the correction voltage ⁇ is applied to the voltage-controlled crystal oscillator, so that the output frequency of the voltage-controlled crystal oscillator is correspondingly generated.
- the double mixing module 42 includes a frequency multiplying unit and a mixing unit.
- the frequency multiplying unit is configured to multiply the signal outputted by the voltage controlled crystal oscillator 20 to 240 MHz, and the mixing unit is used for the 240 MHz signal outputted by the frequency doubling unit and the output of the frequency synthesizer 411.
- 6875MHz ⁇ ⁇ f is mixed and amplified by power to obtain a microwave interrogation signal with a frequency of 6.83475 GHz ⁇ A f sent to the physical unit 30.
- the mixing can be implemented using a step diode.
- the helium atomic frequency standard of the embodiment further includes a four-way frequency module 60 for dividing the output frequency of the voltage controlled crystal oscillator 20 by four to provide a standard 10 MHz for the user. Output frequency.
- the cesium atomic frequency standard of the embodiment further includes a TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic) level module 70 for generating a sync level signal, the TTL level module 70 and the quarter
- the output of the frequency module 60 is electrically connected.
- the TTL level module 70 is composed of a comparator 7U and its peripheral resistors R1, R2, R31, R32, R41, R42, R5 and capacitors Cl, C2, C3, but is not limited to the structure shown in FIG.
- the embodiment of the present invention adjusts the current in the C-field coil by the frequency absolute value correction circuit, and changes the intensity of the magnetic field provided by the atom in the physical unit, thereby adjusting the atomic transition frequency, and then performing the output frequency of the entire atomic frequency standard.
- the frequency absolute value correction circuit has a simple structure and is convenient to operate.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
Abstract
提供了一种铷原子频标及其频率绝对值修正电路(50),属于原子频标领域。所述铷原子频标包括压控晶体振荡器、物理单元和电子线路,所述物理单元包括微波腔(33)、设置在微波腔(33)外的C场线圈(34)以及与所述C场线圈(34)电连接的恒流源装置(31),所述物理单元还包括频率绝对值修正电路(50),所述频率绝对值修正电路(50)包括串联在所述恒流源装置(31)和所述C场线圈(34)之间的可变电阻器。本方案通过所述频率绝对值修正电路(50)调节C场线圈(34)中电流的大小,改变了物理单元中原子提供分裂的磁场的强度,可以调整原子跃迁频率,进而对整个原子频标的输出频率进行微调,保证了原子频标的准确度和稳定度。
Description
说 明 书 一种铷原子频标及其频率绝对值修正电路 技术领域
本发明涉及原子频标领域, 特别涉及一种铷原子频标及其频率绝对值修正电路。 背景技术
原子频标是一种具有优良稳定度和准确度的频率源, 已广泛应用于卫星的定位、 导 航和通信、仪器仪表以及天文等领域。 而铷原子频标因其具有体积小、 重量轻、 功耗低、 成本低等优势而成为目前应用最为广泛的原子频标。
铷原子频标主要包括压控晶体振荡器、 物理单元和电子线路。 该物理单元包括: 光 谱灯、 集成滤光共振泡、 产生微波场的微波腔、 c 场线圈、 检测光信号的光电池、 耦合 环以及磁屏。 电子线路对压控晶体振荡器的输出信号经过倍频混频等处理后产生微波探 询信号, 并对微波探询信号经过物理系统后在所述光电池上产生的量子鉴频信号进行处 理, 产生压控信号, 从而将压控石英晶体振荡器的输出锁定在铷原子的基态超精细 0-0 跃迁频率上。
其中, c 场线圈的作用是产生一个和微波磁场方向平行的弱静磁场, 使原子的基态 超精细结构发生塞曼分裂, 并为原子跃迁提供量子化轴。 然而, 由于 c场线圈实际产生 的磁场并不均匀, 所以铷原子的跃迁谱线并不是绝对对称的, 铷原子的跃迁频率会偏离 标准频率 6. 8346975GHz , 即前述铷原子的基态超精细 0_0跃迁频率。 这样, 电子线路产 生的微波探询信号的频率不能对准铷原子跃迁谱线的标准频率, 光电池产生的量子鉴频 信号通过同步鉴相处理后得到的电压控制信号不准确, 进而导致电压控制信号锁定的压 控晶体振荡器的输出频率不准确。
现有的提高铷原子频标的输出频率的准确度的方法是, 采用外置频率调整电路对铷 原子频标的输出频率进行修正, 但是, 该外置频率调整电路的增加会导致输出频率信号 的稳定度变差。
发明内容
为了提高铷原子频标的输出频率的准确度且不影响输出频率的稳定度, 本发明实施 例提供了一种铷原子频标及其频率绝对值修正电路。 所述技术方案如下:
一种铷原子频标, 包括压控晶体振荡器、 物理单元和电子线路, 所述物理单元包括 微波腔、 设置在微波腔外的 c场线圈以及与所述 C场线圈电连接的恒流源装置。 所述物 理单元还包括频率绝对值修正电路, 所述频率绝对值修正电路包括串联在所述恒流源装 置和所述 C场线圈之间的可变电阻器
一种用于铷原子频标的频率绝对值修正电路, 所述频率绝对值修正电路包括串联在 所述铷原子频标的恒流源装置和 c场线圈之间的可变电阻器。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是: 本发明实施例通过所述频率绝对 值修正电路调节 c场线圈中的电流大小,改变了物理单元中原子提供分裂的磁场的强度, 从而可以调整原子跃迁频率, 进而对整个原子频标的输出频率进行微调, 保证了原子频 标的准确度和稳定度。 此外, 所述频率绝对值修正电路结构简单, 操作方便。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用 的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例, 对 于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得 其他的附图。
图 1是本发明实施例 1提供的一种用于铷原子频标的绝对值修正电路的示意图; 图 2是本发明实施例 2提供的一种铷原子频标的结构框图;
图 3是本发明实施例 2的铷原子频标的物理单元的结构示意图;
图 4是本发明实施例 2的铷原子频标的综合器的结构框图;
图 5是本发明实施例 2的铷原子频标的综合器产生的键控调频信号和同步鉴相信号 的波形示意图;
图 6是本发明实施例 2的铷原子频标的伺服锁相放大模块的结构框图;
图 7是本发明实施例 2的铷原子频标的四分频模块和晶体管-晶体管逻辑电平模块的 结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式 作进一步地详细描述。
实施例 1
本发明实施例提供了用于铷原子频标的频率绝对值修正电路 10,所述频率绝对值修 正电路 10包括串联在所述铷原子频标的恒流源装置 11和 C场线圈 12之间的可变电阻器 Rk。
进一步地, 本实施例中, 所述频率绝对值修正电路还包括固定电阻 R, 所述固定电 阻与所述可变电阻器 Rk并联。该固定电阻 R可以防止由于调节不慎造成 C场线圈中无电 流的情况。
具体地, 所述可变电阻器 Rk可以为滑动变阻器、 数字电位计等。
本发明实施例通过所述频率绝对值修正电路调节 C场线圈中的电流大小, 改变了物 理单元中原子提供分裂的磁场的强度, 从而可以调整原子跃迁频率, 进而对整个原子频 标的输出频率进行微调, 保证了原子频标的准确度和稳定度。 此外, 所述频率绝对值修 正电路结构简单, 操作方便。 实施例 2
如图 2所示, 本发明实施例提供了一种铷原子频标, 该铷原子频标包括压控晶体振 荡器 20、 物理单元 30和电子线路 40。
其中, 所述电子线路 40包括综合器 41、倍混频模块 42和伺服锁相放大模块 43。所 述综合器 41用于将所述压控晶体振荡器 20的输出信号转换为综合调制信号; 所述倍混 频模块 42用于将所述综合器 41输出的综合调制信号转换为微波探询信号并送至所述物 理单元 30;所述伺服锁相放大模块 43用于根据所述物理单元 30输出的量子鉴频信号控 制所述压控晶体振荡器 20的输出频率。
其中, 如图 3所示, 所述物理单元 30包括微波腔 33、 设置在微波腔 33外的 C场线 圈 34、与所述 C场线圈 34电连接的恒流源装置 31、以及连接在所述 C场线圈 34和恒流 源装置 31之间的频率绝对值修正模块 50。本实施例中的频率绝对值修正模块 50与实施 例 1中的频率绝对值修正模块 10的结构相同, 在此不再赘述。
容易知道, 本实施例的物理单元 30还包括提供抽运光的光谱灯 39、 设置在所述微 波腔 33内的集成滤光共振泡 32、检测光信号的光电池 35、为光谱灯 39和集成滤光共振
泡 32提供恒温的工作环境的温度控制模块 38、 固定在微波腔 33上的耦合环 36以及设 置在所述微波腔外的磁屏 37等部件,这些部件的结构、作用及其连接关系为本领域技术 人员熟知, 故在此省略详细描述。
进一步地, 本实施例中, 所述压控晶体振荡器 20的输出频率为 40MHz。
更进一步地, 如图 4所示, 所述综合器 41包括数字频率合成器 411、 和用于产生频 率控制字 412a和键控调频信号 412b的微处理器 412。在本实施例中,所述微处理器 412 和所述数字频率合成器 411的外部时钟参考源输入端 412c和 411a均与所述压控晶体振 荡器 20的输出端相连。 在本实施例中, 所述数字频率合成器 411中内置有 6倍频单元。
具体地, 由于所述压控晶体振荡器 20的输出频率为 40MHz, 经过 6倍频单元后得到 240MHz信号, 作为系统时钟。 数字频率合成器 411的输出频率范围为 0〜240MHz。 微处 理器 412通过频率控制字 412a改变二进制位 '0' 或 ' 1 ', 从而改变数字频率合成器的 具体频率输出。 由于倍频次数小, 所以可以降低综合器产生的相位噪声。
更进一步地, 在本实施例中, 所述数字频率合成器 411的输出频率为 114. 6875MHz 士 A f, 2* Δ ί小于原子自然线宽。 为了得到 114. 6875MHz的单频信号, 微处理器设置的 频率控制字为 114. 6875MHz/240MHz o
进一步地, 所述键控调频信号是占空比为 1 : 1的低频方波信号, 如图 5中 A所示, 所述键控调频信号的频率为 10〜200Hz, 在本实施例中, 具体可以选择 117Hz。 当出现高 电平 ' 时, 数字频率合成器 411输出的频率信号为 Fl, 当出现低电平 '0' 时, 数字 频率合成器 411输出的频率信号为 F2, 其中 Fl=114. 6875MHz-AF, F2=114. 6875MHz+AF, 2*AF称为调制深度, 其大小取值应该小于原子自然线宽的大小, 诸如可取 300Hz。
优选地, 所述微处理器 412还用于为所述伺服锁相放大模块提供同步鉴相信号, 如 图 5中 B所示, 所述同步鉴相信号的频率和占空比与所述键控调频信号相同, 且与所述 键控调频信号存在固定的相位差, 如图 5所示。 所述相位差可以为 40° 。
进一步地, 如图 6所示, 所述伺服锁相放大模块 43包括模数转换电路 431、 微处理 器 412和数模转换电路 432。 微处理器 412根据前述同步鉴相信号的时序沿来控制模数 转换电路 431对物理单元 30输出的量子鉴频信号进行采样,并将采样值传递到微处理器 412中; 微处理器 412根据模数转换电路 431前后两次采样得到的电压值做差运算, 将 结果通过数模转换电路 432输出, 得到纠偏电压 Δν, 纠偏电压 Δν作用于压控晶振, 使 压控晶振的输出频率发生相应变化, 从而完成环路的锁定。 优选地, 可以采用数字累加 平均技术, 以减小噪声的影响。
进一步地,所述倍混频模块 42包括倍频单元和混频单元。所述倍频单元用于将压控 晶体振荡器 20 输出的信号倍频至 240MHz , 所述混频单元用于对所述倍频单元输出的 240MHz的信号和前述频率合成器 411输出的 114. 6875MHz ± Δ f 进行混频并经过功率放 大, 以获得频率为 6. 83475GHz ± A f 的微波探询信号送至物理单元 30。 具体地, 混频可 以采用阶跃二极管实现。
优选地, 如图 7所示, 本实施例的铷原子频标还包括四分频模块 60, 用于将所述压 控晶体振荡器 20的输出频率四分频, 从而为用户提供标准的 10MHz的输出频率。
优选地, 本实施例的铷原子频标还包括用于产生同步电平信号的 TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic, 晶体管-晶体管逻辑) 电平模块 70, 所述 TTL电平模 块 70与所述四分频模块 60的输出端电连接。 该 TTL电平模块 70由比较器 7U及其外围 的电阻 Rl、 R2、 R31、 R32、 R41、 R42、 R5和电容 Cl、 C2、 C3构成, 但并不仅限于图 7 所示结构。 本发明实施例通过所述频率绝对值修正电路调节 C场线圈中的电流大小, 改变了物 理单元中原子提供分裂的磁场的强度, 从而可以调整原子跃迁频率, 进而对整个原子频 标的输出频率进行微调, 保证了原子频标的准确度和稳定度。 此外, 所述频率绝对值修 正电路结构简单, 操作方便。 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的精神和原 则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims
1、 一种铷原子频标, 包括压控晶体振荡器、物理单元和电子线路, 所述物理单元包 括微波腔、 设置在微波腔外的 c场线圈以及与所述 C场线圈电连接的恒流源装置, 其特 征在于, 所述物理单元还包括频率绝对值修正电路, 所述频率绝对值修正电路包括串联 在所述恒流源装置和所述 c场线圈之间的可变电阻器。
2、如权利要求 1所述的铷原子频标, 其特征在于, 所述频率绝对值修正电路还包括 与所述可变电阻器并联的固定电阻。
3、如权利要求 1所述的铷原子频标, 其特征在于, 所述压控晶体振荡器的输出频率 为 40MHz。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的铷原子频标, 其特征在于, 还包括四分频模块, 用于将所述 压控晶体振荡器的输出频率四分频。
5、如权利要求 4所述的铷原子频标, 其特征在于, 还包括用于产生同步电平信号的 晶体管-晶体管逻辑电平模块, 所述晶体管-晶体管逻辑电平模块与所述四分频模块的输 出端电连接。
6、 如权利要求 3所述的铷原子频标, 其特征在于, 所述电子线路包括: 综合器, 用于将所述压控晶体振荡器的输出信号转换为综合调制信号;
倍混频模块, 用于将所述综合器输出的综合调制信号转换为微波探询信号并送至所 述物理单元;
伺服锁相放大模块, 用于根据所述物理单元输出的量子鉴频信号控制所述压控晶体 振荡器的输出频率;
所述综合器包括数字频率合成器、 和用于产生频率控制字和键控调频信号的微处理 器, 所述微处理器和所述数字频率合成器的外部时钟参考源输入端均与所述压控晶体振 荡器的输出端相连, 所述数字频率合成器内置有 6倍频单元, 所述数字频率合成器的输 出频率为 114· 6875MHz士 Δ ί, 2*△ f小于原子自然线宽。
7、 如权利要求 6 所述的铷原子频标, 其特征在于, 所述键控调频信号是占空比为 1 : 1的低频方波信号, 所述键控调频信号的频率为 10〜200Hz。
8、如权利要求 7所述的铷原子频标, 其特征在于, 所述微处理器还用于为所述伺服 锁相放大模块 提供同步鉴相信号, 所述同步鉴相信号的频率和占空比与所述键控调频信号相同, 且与所述键控调频信号存在固定的相位差。
9、一种用于铷原子频标的频率绝对值修正电路, 其特征在于, 所述频率绝对值修正 电路包括串联在所述铷原子频标的恒流源装置和 C场线圈之间的可变电阻器。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的频率绝对值修正电路, 其特征在于, 还包括与所述可变电 阻器并联的固定电阻。
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CN103297047A (zh) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-09-11 | 江汉大学 | 原子频标及伺服锁定方法 |
CN103297047B (zh) * | 2013-05-29 | 2015-12-02 | 江汉大学 | 原子频标及伺服锁定方法 |
CN104697670A (zh) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-06-10 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | 一种铯束管热敏电阻温度与阻值的标定方法 |
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