WO2013001116A1 - Composition and method for inhibiting varroa reproduction in beehives - Google Patents
Composition and method for inhibiting varroa reproduction in beehives Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013001116A1 WO2013001116A1 PCT/ES2012/070054 ES2012070054W WO2013001116A1 WO 2013001116 A1 WO2013001116 A1 WO 2013001116A1 ES 2012070054 W ES2012070054 W ES 2012070054W WO 2013001116 A1 WO2013001116 A1 WO 2013001116A1
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- extract
- essential oil
- aromatic
- formulation
- wax
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K47/00—Beehives
- A01K47/04—Artificial honeycombs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
Definitions
- the present invention falls within the field of beekeeping. Specifically, it refers to a new aromatic formulation for the control of varroasis in hives, preventing the nesting of the parasite in the cells that bees use for their reproduction, which is applied uniformly in the hive wax honeycomb by intrinsic incorporation in the wax that constitutes the honeycomb. On the other hand, it can be presented as small pieces of flavored wax that are placed in each of the honeycomb cells, or as a viscous cream that can be applied on the surface of the wax pieces that make up the honeycomb.
- Varroasis is an external parasitosis that affects different species of bees, which represents a serious problem in beekeeping. Specifically, it is produced by an ectoparasite of bees, particularly a type of mite of the Varroa genus.
- the Varroa parasite reproduces in each of the hive's wax cells, more specifically in those in which the queen bee has previously and unitarily deposited the eggs. It is precisely at that time, when the parasite proceeds to enter and reproduce, since the medium is optimal for it. In this environment, the parasite finds the conditions of the environment and the food necessary to live and carry out its reproduction.
- the reproductive phase of said mite begins with the entry of a female founder of Varroa into a honeycomb cell that contains a bee brood in a larval state. This fact happens previously to the hermetic seal, or operculation, of said cell, since otherwise entry would be prevented, and consequently the reproductive cycle of the founding Varroa female.
- the mite is attracted to enter the wax cells based on aromatic stimuli, mainly fatty acid esters, which bee larvae emit in order to cause operculation.
- the Varroa female feeds on the bee breeding and reproduces in the operculated cell, giving rise to a new generational cycle, whose individuals will be able to reproduce again, after a period between 6 and 8 days, originating new mature individuals of Varroa.
- this offspring is able to carry out several reproductive cycles inside the same operculated cell before the bee breeding, which they parasitize and serve as food, completes its adult bee maturation process.
- the present invention intends to modify the conditions of said medium so that the mite to be removed is not attracted to inhabit and reproduce in the hive. Consequently, the parasite will look for another means for its reproduction other than the wax cells or honeycombs that constitute the hive, where the bees do, under normal conditions.
- the invention is focused on changing the Odorous environment of the wax cells by means of a new aromatic formulation that produces a "non-pleasant" aroma for the Varroa mite, since this mite has a very acute sense of smell.
- modifying the olfactory stimulus that emanates from inside each of the unit cells of the hive's wax honeycomb implies that the Varroa does not enter inside them, especially inside those cells where the bee Queen deposits an egg and subsequently develops the larva of a new bee. In this way, the nesting and reproduction of the Varroa mite is avoided, without affecting the reproductive cycle, nor the normal development of the bee population. So this new composition can be used both to prevent and to treat the varroasis of honeycombs and hives affected by this disease.
- varroasis As background, it should be noted that there are currently several products supported by international regulations in order to control the varroasis, among which you can mention the BEEVITAL product, which is a freshwater formulation based on natural extracts of propolis and oils etheric acids that also comprise the three main organic acids in the treatment of varroasis (citric acid, oxalic acid and formic acid), and that implies only a change in the medium in the smell of the adult bee, but not of the honeycomb cells .
- BEEVITAL product is a freshwater formulation based on natural extracts of propolis and oils etheric acids that also comprise the three main organic acids in the treatment of varroasis (citric acid, oxalic acid and formic acid), and that implies only a change in the medium in the smell of the adult bee, but not of the honeycomb cells .
- the present invention also describes a new form of application of the new active formulation. against the varroasis.
- said form of application comprises homogeneously mixing the new formulation proposed in the present invention with molten wax in a liquid state, based on an adequate miscibility of both, creating a waxy composition that serves as raw material for the manufacture of wax honeycombs, or small pieces of flavored wax, which intrinsically contain the aromatic formulation against the Varroa mite.
- the new aromatic formulation has been designed including aromatic additives in a lipophilic vehicle based on a fluid of plant origin, which determines that the aromatic formulation can be mixed homogeneously with the wax, as well as the fixing of the different aromas that will cause the desired effects on the wax honeycomb.
- a first aspect of the present invention relates to a repellent aromatic formulation of the Varroa bee parasite mite, capable of preventing the nesting of the mite in the honeycomb cells, comprising:
- Said formulation must together present the organoleptic characteristics necessary to repel the mite, so that in those honeycombs treated with This formulation prevents the entry and nesting of the mite in each of the honeycomb cells where the queen bee lays the eggs and subsequently the larvae of new bees develop.
- the liquid vegetable-based medium is an oil, such as, but not limited to, olive oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, coconut oil, cotton oil, palm oil, rapeseed, sesame oil, etc.
- the oil is an olive oil.
- aromatic additive of natural origin it is preferably selected from an essential oil of vegetable origin, an extract of plant origin other than essential oil and any combination thereof.
- the essential oil is any liquid substance with a penetrating odor formed by mixtures of various chemical substances extracted from plants of very diverse families, preferably Labiadas, Rutáceas, Umbel ⁇ feras and Abietáceas, which closely resemble their physical characteristics to fats, but they distinguish them from being very volatile.
- the essential oil of plant origin is selected from: savory essential oil, basil essential oil, caraway essential oil, celery essential oil, benzoin essential oil, bergamot essential oil, cinnamon essential oil, oil onion essentials, cardamom essential oil, coriander essential oil, cypress essential oil, clove essential oil, cumin essential oil, copaiba essential oil, turmeric essential oil, juniper essential oil, tarragon essential oil, oil eucalyptus essentials, gilbano essential oil, gaulteria essential oil, geranium essential oil, Luisa herb essential oil, fennel essential oil, hyssop essential oil, Frankincense essential oil, Nula essential oil, Jara essential oil, Jasmine essential oil, Laurel essential oil, Lemon essential oil, Tangerine essential oil, Marjoram essential oil, Melissa essential oil, Peppermint essential oil, oregano essential oil, black pepper essential oil, rosemary essential oil, sage essential oil, sandalwood essential oil, thyme essential oil, tur
- An extract of vegetable origin other than essential oil is understood as any solid or thick product obtained, either by the evaporation of a juice or a solution of plant substances that are different from an essential oil, or by the grinding of at least one part of a plant selected from root, stem, leaves and inflorescence.
- the extract of plant origin other than essential oil is selected from the group: savory extract, basil extract, caraway extract, celery extract, benzoin extract, bergamot extract, cinnamon extract, onion extract, cardamom extract, coriander extract, cypress extract, clove extract, cumin extract, copaiba extract, turmeric extract, juniper extract, tarragon extract, eucalyptus extract, galbano extract, gaulteria extract, extract Geranium, Luisa Herb Extract, Fennel Extract, Hyssop Extract, Incense Extract, Inula Extract, Jara Extract, Jasmine Extract, Laurel Extract, Lemon Extract, Tangerine Extract, Marjoram Extract, Melissa Extract , mint extract, oregano extract, black pepper extract, rosemary extract, sage extract, sandalwood extract, thyme extract, turpentine extract, vanilla extract, valerian extract, verbena extract, carrot extract, garlic extract, and any combination thereof. More preferably, the extract of vegetable origin other than essential oil is selected from the group:
- the aromatic formulation in question can have multiple compositions.
- the content of the liquid medium of vegetable base is comprised between 70% and 90% of the total mass of said formulation, including both limits.
- the content of at least one aromatic additive of natural origin is between 10% and 30% of the total mass of said formulation, including both limits.
- the at least one aromatic additive of plant origin is a rosemary extract and a thyme extract.
- the rosemary extract is contained in an amount between 5% and 15% of the total mass of said formulation, including both limits.
- the thyme extract is contained in an amount between 5% and 15% of the total mass of said formulation, including both limits.
- the rosemary extract is contained in an amount between 5% and 15% by weight, and the thyme extract is contained in an amount between 5% and 15% by weight, based on the total mass of said formulation, including said limits.
- the content of olive oil is between 70% and 90% by weight
- the content of rosemary extract is between 5% and 15% by weight
- the content of the thyme extract is between 5% and 15% by weight, with respect to the total weight of said formulation, including said limits, so that the sum of the three components is of the 100%
- the aromatic formulation is composed of olive oil in a content of 80% by weight, rosemary extract in a content of 10% by weight, and thyme extract in a content of 10% by weight, based on the total weight of said formulation, including said limits.
- the present invention relates to a waxy composition characterized in that it comprises the aromatic formulation described above.
- This waxy composition is obtained using the aromatic formulation described above and comprises a mixture of at least wax with said aromatic formulation.
- the wax is beeswax, although sheets of synthetic materials (for example, plastic) are being used experimentally as a substitute for wax.
- this waxy composition is obtained by homogeneously mixing and in continuous stirring the aromatic formulation with molten wax in a liquid state, more preferably, with melted beeswax in a liquid state.
- the wax must be at a temperature equal to or greater than its melting temperature to keep in a liquid state over which the aromatic composition that is at room temperature is added to preserve its aromas to the maximum.
- Said waxy composition may be presented in different compositions.
- the wax content is between 65% and 99.9%, and that of the aromatic formulation between 0.1% and 35%, with respect to the total mass of said composition, including both limits. More preferably, the wax content is between 80% and 99%, and that of the aromatic formulation between 1% and 20%, with respect to the total mass of said composition, including both limits. Even more preferably, the wax content is between 95% and 98%, and that of the aromatic formulation between 2 -s and 5 -s, with respect to the total mass of said composition, including both limits.
- the present invention contemplates the use, both of the waxy composition and of the aromatic formulation, to obtain a stamped wax honeycomb, following the usual known procedures.
- stamped wax refers, herein, to a sheet of wax between 1 and 4 millimeters thick, on which the hexagons are printed from which the bee will construct the cells it will use for breeding or deposit of its processed and / or collected products, such as honey and pollen.
- stamped wax can be manufactured by hand using molds where molten wax is dropped and then printed or stamped with the cells that make up the honeycomb by pressing.
- it can also be obtained industrially, by specific machinery where the wax is first melted, in the form of a continuous sheet, which is subsequently stamped by the passage between rollers that print the cells.
- honeycomb is understood as the structure of wax cells placed in parallel series designed for bees.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the waxy composition for the manufacture of flavored wax pieces.
- the invention also makes reference to the piece of flavored wax comprising a waxy composition of the present invention.
- these pieces of flavored wax can be attached inside those honeycomb cells that bees are intended for breeding, and that typically have a size between 6 and 9 mm.
- the dimensions of said flavored wax pieces are comprised between 2.5 and 9 mm long, between 2.5 and 4 mm wide and between 1 and 2.5 mm thick, including said limits. These dimensions should be taken as statistically common, although the cells used by the bees may not have such dimensional characteristics, attending to different intrinsic factors of the hive itself or the environment in which it is located, hence it may not meet the indicated dimensional relationships.
- a fifth aspect of the invention relates to the use of these pieces of flavored wax for the treatment or prevention of varroasis in honeycombs and beehives, by placing said pieces inside the cells of the honeycombs.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention relates to a patterned wax honeycomb comprising the waxy composition of the present invention.
- the invention also relates to the method of obtaining a stamped wax honeycomb comprising a waxy composition defined herein.
- the process for obtaining this type of stamped wax honeycomb is carried out according to conventional methods, and comprises a solidification of the waxy composition of the present invention in a liquid state, prior to the stamping or printing process of the cells that make up the honeycomb.
- the method of obtaining the honeycomb comprises, prior to the solidification of said waxy composition, preparing the waxy composition in situ by homogeneously mixing the aromatic formulation with molten wax.
- this invention also relates to the use of both the aromatic composition object of the invention, as well as the wax composition defined above, as well as the use of the wax honeycomb comprising said wax composition, and the wax pieces flavored of the present invention, for the treatment and prevention of varroasis in bee crops.
- a final aspect of the present invention contemplates the use of the aromatic composition, the waxy composition, the wax honeycomb or the flavored wax pieces, all objects of the present invention, to prevent the nesting of the Varroa mite in honeycomb cells and beehives destined for bees to reproduce.
- Example 1 Obtaining a repellent aromatic formulation of the Varroa mite.
- a Varroa mite repellent aromatic formulation consisting of mixing: 80% by weight of olive oil, with 10% by weight of natural rosemary extract and with 10% in weight of natural thyme extract, based on the overall weight content of the mixture.
- 200 g of natural rosemary and 200 g of thyme have been ground.
- 1600 g of olive oil have been added, and it has been kept under stirring for half an hour to obtain the aromatic formulation.
- Example 2 Obtaining a Varroa mite repellent aromatic waxy composition.
- an amount of water (between 100 and 2000 mL) can be incorporated into the milling of the vegetables to facilitate the extraction of some of the aromas of these plants that produce the desired effects of the invention.
- a waxy composition is obtained in a viscous liquid state, which can be used directly to obtain the wax combs, or solidify for later use.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a new aromatic formulation for controlling varroasis in beehives, which prevents the nesting and reproduction of the causative parasite. The formulation comprises a vegetable oil and at least one aromatic additive of natural origin. Furthermore, the present invention likewise relates to a wax composition that comprises the aromatic formulation. Additionally, the present invention also relates to the uses and to the forms of application not only of the aromatic formulation but also of the wax composition for the prevention and treatment of varroasis.
Description
COMPOSICIÓN Y PROCEDIMIENTO PARA INHIBIR LA REPRODUCCIÓN COMPOSITION AND PROCEDURE TO INHIBIT REPRODUCTION
DE LA VARROA EN COLMENAS DE LA VARROA IN HONEYS
SECTOR DE LA TÉCNICA SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
La presente invención se encuadra dentro del campo de la apicultura. En concreto, se refiere a una nueva formulación aromática para el control de la varroasis en colmenas, impidiendo el anidamiento del parásito en las celdas que las abejas utilizan para su reproducción, que se aplica de manera uniforme en el panal de cera de la colmena por incorporación intrínseca en la cera que constituye el panal. Por otra parte, puede presentarse como pequeñas piezas de cera aromatizadas que se colocan en cada una de las celdas del panal, o como una crema viscosa que puede aplicarse sobre la superficie de las propias piezas de cera que conforman el panal. The present invention falls within the field of beekeeping. Specifically, it refers to a new aromatic formulation for the control of varroasis in hives, preventing the nesting of the parasite in the cells that bees use for their reproduction, which is applied uniformly in the hive wax honeycomb by intrinsic incorporation in the wax that constitutes the honeycomb. On the other hand, it can be presented as small pieces of flavored wax that are placed in each of the honeycomb cells, or as a viscous cream that can be applied on the surface of the wax pieces that make up the honeycomb.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
La varroasis es una parasitosis externa que afecta a distintas especies de abejas, lo cual representa un grave problema en apicultura. En concreto, es producida por un ectoparásito de abejas, particularmente un tipo de ácaro del género Varroa. Varroasis is an external parasitosis that affects different species of bees, which represents a serious problem in beekeeping. Specifically, it is produced by an ectoparasite of bees, particularly a type of mite of the Varroa genus.
El parásito Varroa se reproduce en cada una de las celdas de cera de la colmena, más concretamente en aquellas en las que la abeja reina ha depositado, previa y unitariamente, los huevos. Es precisamente en ese momento, cuando el parásito procede a introducirse y a reproducirse, ya que el medio es óptimo para ello. En este entorno, el parásito encuentra las condiciones del medio y el alimento necesario para vivir y llevar a cabo su reproducción. The Varroa parasite reproduces in each of the hive's wax cells, more specifically in those in which the queen bee has previously and unitarily deposited the eggs. It is precisely at that time, when the parasite proceeds to enter and reproduce, since the medium is optimal for it. In this environment, the parasite finds the conditions of the environment and the food necessary to live and carry out its reproduction.
Concretamente, la fase reproductiva de dicho ácaro se inicia con la entrada de una hembra fundadora de Varroa en una celda del panal que contiene una cría de abeja en estado de larva. Este hecho sucede previamente
al sellado hermético, u operculación, de dicha celda, ya que de lo contrario se impediría la entrada, y consecuentemente el ciclo reproductivo de la hembra de Varroa fundadora. El ácaro se siente atraído a entrar en las celdas de cera en base a estímulos aromáticos, principalmente ésteres de ácidos grasos, que las larvas de abejas emiten con el fin de provocar la operculación. Una vez sellada la celda, la hembra de Varroa se alimenta de la cría de abeja y se reproduce en la celda operculada, dando lugar a un nuevo ciclo generacional, cuyos individuos estarán capacitados para reproducirse de nuevo, tras haber transcurrido un periodo comprendido entre 6 y 8 días, originando nuevos individuos maduros de Varroa. Asimismo, esta descendencia es capaz de llevar a cabo varios ciclos reproductivos en el interior de la misma celda operculada antes de que la cría de abeja, a la que parasitan y les sirve de alimento, complete su proceso de maduración a abeja adulta. Specifically, the reproductive phase of said mite begins with the entry of a female founder of Varroa into a honeycomb cell that contains a bee brood in a larval state. This fact happens previously to the hermetic seal, or operculation, of said cell, since otherwise entry would be prevented, and consequently the reproductive cycle of the founding Varroa female. The mite is attracted to enter the wax cells based on aromatic stimuli, mainly fatty acid esters, which bee larvae emit in order to cause operculation. Once the cell is sealed, the Varroa female feeds on the bee breeding and reproduces in the operculated cell, giving rise to a new generational cycle, whose individuals will be able to reproduce again, after a period between 6 and 8 days, originating new mature individuals of Varroa. Likewise, this offspring is able to carry out several reproductive cycles inside the same operculated cell before the bee breeding, which they parasitize and serve as food, completes its adult bee maturation process.
El hecho de que la fase reproductiva de la Varroa esté sincronizada con el ciclo reproductivo de la abeja, tiene consecuencias nefastas sobre el desarrollo normal de la población de abejas de colmenas afectadas por la varroasis. De hecho, la descendencia de estas abejas, o no llegan a alcanzar el estado de abeja adulta, o ven reducida su esperanza de vida, presentando además alteraciones en su morfología, como por ejemplo un tamaño y peso reducidos, atrofia del abdomen, así como malformaciones en las alas, aguijones y patas. The fact that the reproductive phase of the Varroa is synchronized with the reproductive cycle of the bee, has dire consequences on the normal development of the bee population of hives affected by the varroasis. In fact, the offspring of these bees, or do not reach the status of adult bee, or have reduced their life expectancy, also presenting changes in their morphology, such as reduced size and weight, atrophy of the abdomen, as well as malformations in the wings, stingers and legs.
Por tanto, la presente invención pretende modificar las condiciones del citado medio con el fin de que el ácaro a eliminar no se sienta atraído para habitar y reproducirse en la colmena. En consecuencia, el parásito buscará otro medio para su reproducción distinto de las celdas de cera o panales que constituyen la colmena, donde sí lo hacen las abejas, en condiciones normales. Concretamente, la invención está enfocada a cambiar el
entorno oloroso de las celdas de cera mediante una nueva formulación aromática que produce un aroma "non grato" para el ácaro Varroa, ya que dicho ácaro posee un sentido del olfato muy agudo. Es decir, modificar el estimulo olfativo que emana del interior de cada una de las celdas unitarias del panal de cera de la colmena, implica que la Varroa no se introduzca en el interior de las mismas, especialmente en el interior de aquellas celdas donde la abeja reina deposita un huevo y posteriormente se desarrolla la larva de una nueva abeja. De este modo, se evita el anidamiento y la reproducción del ácaro Varroa, sin afectar al ciclo reproductivo, ni al desarrollo normal de la población de abejas. De manera que esta nueva composición puede utilizarse tanto para prevenir como para tratar la varroasis de panales y colmenas afectados por este mal. Therefore, the present invention intends to modify the conditions of said medium so that the mite to be removed is not attracted to inhabit and reproduce in the hive. Consequently, the parasite will look for another means for its reproduction other than the wax cells or honeycombs that constitute the hive, where the bees do, under normal conditions. Specifically, the invention is focused on changing the Odorous environment of the wax cells by means of a new aromatic formulation that produces a "non-pleasant" aroma for the Varroa mite, since this mite has a very acute sense of smell. That is, modifying the olfactory stimulus that emanates from inside each of the unit cells of the hive's wax honeycomb implies that the Varroa does not enter inside them, especially inside those cells where the bee Queen deposits an egg and subsequently develops the larva of a new bee. In this way, the nesting and reproduction of the Varroa mite is avoided, without affecting the reproductive cycle, nor the normal development of the bee population. So this new composition can be used both to prevent and to treat the varroasis of honeycombs and hives affected by this disease.
Como antecedente, cabe indicar que existen actualmente varios productos admitidos por la normativa internacional con el fin de controlar la varroasis, de entre los que se puede citar el producto BEEVITAL, que es una formulación de agua dulce a base de extractos naturales de propolis y aceites etéricos que además comprende los tres ácidos orgánicos principales en el tratamiento de la varroasis (ácido cítrico, ácido oxálico y ácido fórmico) , y que implica sólo un cambio en el medio en el olor de la abeja adulta, pero no de las celdas del panal. As background, it should be noted that there are currently several products supported by international regulations in order to control the varroasis, among which you can mention the BEEVITAL product, which is a freshwater formulation based on natural extracts of propolis and oils etheric acids that also comprise the three main organic acids in the treatment of varroasis (citric acid, oxalic acid and formic acid), and that implies only a change in the medium in the smell of the adult bee, but not of the honeycomb cells .
Dichas formulaciones antecedentes, deben colocarse en estado líquido por parte de un operario sobre las abejas en las colmenas, con el fin de que ésta realice su función. Sin embargo, la dificultad de que la formulación llegue al interior de cada una de las celdas del panal de cera supone un problema técnico, debido a que la aplicación de estos productos se realiza de manera manual y repetitiva, puesto que se necesitan
realizar varias operaciones de aplicación, lo que puede conllevar a que la acción del producto no sea efectiva. These background formulations must be placed in a liquid state by an operator on the bees in the hives, in order for it to perform its function. However, the difficulty of the formulation reaching the inside of each of the cells of the wax honeycomb is a technical problem, because the application of these products is done manually and repetitively, since they are needed Perform several application operations, which may lead to the product's action not being effective.
Por lo tanto, y con el fin de solventar el problema anterior, referente a la dificultad de distribuir este tipo de productos o formulaciones uniformemente a lo largo del panal de cera, la presente invención también describe una nueva forma de aplicación de la nueva formulación activa contra la varroasis. En particular, dicha forma de aplicación comprende mezclar homogéneamente la nueva formulación propuesta en la presente invención con cera fundida en estado liquido, basándose en una adecuada miscibilidad de ambas, creando una composición cérea que sirve de materia prima para la fabricación de panales de cera, o pequeñas piezas de cera aromatizada, que contienen intrínsecamente la formulación aromática contra el ácaro Varroa. Therefore, and in order to solve the above problem, concerning the difficulty of distributing this type of products or formulations evenly throughout the wax honeycomb, the present invention also describes a new form of application of the new active formulation. against the varroasis. In particular, said form of application comprises homogeneously mixing the new formulation proposed in the present invention with molten wax in a liquid state, based on an adequate miscibility of both, creating a waxy composition that serves as raw material for the manufacture of wax honeycombs, or small pieces of flavored wax, which intrinsically contain the aromatic formulation against the Varroa mite.
Sobre esta base y teniendo en cuenta la naturaleza lipófila de la cera, la nueva formulación aromática se ha diseñado incluyendo los aditivos aromáticos en un vehículo lipófilo con base en un fluido de origen vegetal, lo que condiciona que se pueda mezclar homogéneamente la formulación aromática con la cera, así como la fijación de los diferentes aromas que provocarán los efectos deseados en el panal de cera. On this basis and taking into account the lipophilic nature of the wax, the new aromatic formulation has been designed including aromatic additives in a lipophilic vehicle based on a fluid of plant origin, which determines that the aromatic formulation can be mixed homogeneously with the wax, as well as the fixing of the different aromas that will cause the desired effects on the wax honeycomb.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Un primer aspecto de la presente invención se refiere a una formulación aromática repelente del ácaro Varroa parásito de abejas, capaz de impedir el anidamiento del ácaro en las celdas de panales de abeja, que comprende: A first aspect of the present invention relates to a repellent aromatic formulation of the Varroa bee parasite mite, capable of preventing the nesting of the mite in the honeycomb cells, comprising:
- un medio líquido de base vegetal, - a liquid medium based on plants,
- al menos un aditivo aromático de origen natural. Dicha formulación debe presentar en conjunto las características organolépticas necesarias para repeler al ácaro, de forma que en aquellos panales tratados con
esta formulación se impida la entrada y anidamiento del ácaro en cada una de las celdas del panal donde la abeja reina pone los huevos y posteriormente se desarrollan las larvas de nuevas abejas. - at least one aromatic additive of natural origin. Said formulation must together present the organoleptic characteristics necessary to repel the mite, so that in those honeycombs treated with This formulation prevents the entry and nesting of the mite in each of the honeycomb cells where the queen bee lays the eggs and subsequently the larvae of new bees develop.
Preferentemente, el medio liquido de base vegetal es un aceite, como por ejemplo, pero sin limitarse, aceite de oliva, aceite de girasol, aceite de soja, aceite de maiz, aceite de coco, aceite de algodón, aceite de palma, aceite de colza, aceite de sésamo, etc. De manera preferida, el aceite es un aceite de oliva. Preferably, the liquid vegetable-based medium is an oil, such as, but not limited to, olive oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, coconut oil, cotton oil, palm oil, rapeseed, sesame oil, etc. Preferably, the oil is an olive oil.
Respecto al aditivo aromático de origen natural es seleccionado preferentemente entre un aceite esencial de origen vegetal, un extracto de origen vegetal distinto de aceite esencial y cualquier combinación de los mismos. Regarding the aromatic additive of natural origin, it is preferably selected from an essential oil of vegetable origin, an extract of plant origin other than essential oil and any combination thereof.
Como aceite esencial se entiende a cualquier sustancia liquida de olor penetrante formada por mezclas de varias sustancias químicas extraídas de plantas de muy diversas familias, preferentemente Labiadas, Rutáceas, Umbelíferas y Abietáceas, que se asemejan mucho por sus caracteres físicos a las grasas, pero se distinguen de éstas por ser muy volátiles. The essential oil is any liquid substance with a penetrating odor formed by mixtures of various chemical substances extracted from plants of very diverse families, preferably Labiadas, Rutáceas, Umbelíferas and Abietáceas, which closely resemble their physical characteristics to fats, but they distinguish them from being very volatile.
De manera preferida, el aceite esencial de origen vegetal es seleccionado entre: aceite esencial de ajedrea, aceite esencial de albahaca, aceite esencial de alcaravea, aceite esencial de apio, aceite esencial de benjuí, aceite esencial de bergamota, aceite esencial de canela, aceite esencial de cebolla, aceite esencial de cardamomo, aceite esencial de cilantro, aceite esencial de ciprés, aceite esencial de clavo, aceite esencial de comino, aceite esencial de copaiba, aceite esencial de cúrcuma, aceite esencial de enebro, aceite esencial de estragón, aceite esencial de eucalipto, aceite esencial de gálbano, aceite esencial de gaulteria, aceite esencial de geranio, aceite esencial de hierba Luisa, aceite esencial de hinojo, aceite esencial de hisopo,
aceite esencial de incienso, aceite esencial de ínula, aceite esencial de jara, aceite esencial de jazmín, aceite esencial de laurel, aceite esencial de limón, aceite esencial de mandarina, aceite esencial de mejorana, aceite esencial de melisa, aceite esencial de menta, aceite esencial de orégano, aceite esencial de pimienta negra, aceite esencial de romero, aceite esencial de salvia, aceite esencial de sándalo, aceite esencial de tomillo, aceite esencial de trementina, aceite esencial de vainilla, aceite esencial de valeriana, aceite esencial de verbena, aceite esencial de zanahoria, aceite esencial de ajo, y combinaciones de los mismos. Preferably, the essential oil of plant origin is selected from: savory essential oil, basil essential oil, caraway essential oil, celery essential oil, benzoin essential oil, bergamot essential oil, cinnamon essential oil, oil onion essentials, cardamom essential oil, coriander essential oil, cypress essential oil, clove essential oil, cumin essential oil, copaiba essential oil, turmeric essential oil, juniper essential oil, tarragon essential oil, oil eucalyptus essentials, gilbano essential oil, gaulteria essential oil, geranium essential oil, Luisa herb essential oil, fennel essential oil, hyssop essential oil, Frankincense essential oil, Nula essential oil, Jara essential oil, Jasmine essential oil, Laurel essential oil, Lemon essential oil, Tangerine essential oil, Marjoram essential oil, Melissa essential oil, Peppermint essential oil, oregano essential oil, black pepper essential oil, rosemary essential oil, sage essential oil, sandalwood essential oil, thyme essential oil, turpentine essential oil, vanilla essential oil, valerian essential oil, verbena essential oil , carrot essential oil, garlic essential oil, and combinations thereof.
Como extracto de origen vegetal distinto de aceite esencial se entiende cualquier producto sólido o espeso obtenido, bien por la evaporación de un zumo o de una disolución de sustancias vegetales que sean distintos de un aceite esencial, o bien por la trituración de al menos una parte de una planta seleccionada entre raíz, tallo, hojas e inflorescencia. De manera preferida, el extracto de origen vegetal distinto de aceite esencial es seleccionado del grupo: extracto de ajedrea, extracto de albahaca, extracto de alcaravea, extracto de apio, extracto de benjuí, extracto de bergamota, extracto de canela, extracto de cebolla, extracto de cardamomo, extracto de cilantro, extracto de ciprés, extracto de clavo, extracto de comino, extracto de copaiba, extracto de cúrcuma, extracto de enebro, extracto de estragón, extracto de eucalipto, extracto de gálbano, extracto de gaulteria, extracto de geranio, extracto de hierba Luisa, extracto de hinojo, extracto de hisopo, extracto de incienso, extracto de inula, extracto de jara, extracto de jazmín, extracto de laurel, extracto de limón, extracto de mandarina, extracto de mejorana, extracto de melisa, extracto de menta, extracto de orégano, extracto de pimienta negra, extracto de romero,
extracto de salvia, extracto de sándalo, extracto de tomillo, extracto de trementina, extracto de vainilla, extracto de valeriana, extracto de verbena, extracto de zanahoria, extracto de ajo, y cualquier combinación de los mismos. Más preferiblemente, el extracto de origen vegetal distinto de aceite esencial es seleccionado entre extracto de romero, extracto de tomillo, y una combinación de ambos. An extract of vegetable origin other than essential oil is understood as any solid or thick product obtained, either by the evaporation of a juice or a solution of plant substances that are different from an essential oil, or by the grinding of at least one part of a plant selected from root, stem, leaves and inflorescence. Preferably, the extract of plant origin other than essential oil is selected from the group: savory extract, basil extract, caraway extract, celery extract, benzoin extract, bergamot extract, cinnamon extract, onion extract, cardamom extract, coriander extract, cypress extract, clove extract, cumin extract, copaiba extract, turmeric extract, juniper extract, tarragon extract, eucalyptus extract, galbano extract, gaulteria extract, extract Geranium, Luisa Herb Extract, Fennel Extract, Hyssop Extract, Incense Extract, Inula Extract, Jara Extract, Jasmine Extract, Laurel Extract, Lemon Extract, Tangerine Extract, Marjoram Extract, Melissa Extract , mint extract, oregano extract, black pepper extract, rosemary extract, sage extract, sandalwood extract, thyme extract, turpentine extract, vanilla extract, valerian extract, verbena extract, carrot extract, garlic extract, and any combination thereof. More preferably, the extract of vegetable origin other than essential oil is selected from rosemary extract, thyme extract, and a combination of both.
La formulación aromática en cuestión puede tener múltiples composiciones. Asi, preferentemente, el contenido del medio liquido de base vegetal está comprendido entre el 70% y 90% de la masa total de dicha formulación, incluidos ambos limites. Y más preferentemente, el contenido del al menos un aditivo aromático de origen natural está comprendido entre el 10% y 30% de la masa total de dicha formulación, incluidos ambos limites. The aromatic formulation in question can have multiple compositions. Thus, preferably, the content of the liquid medium of vegetable base is comprised between 70% and 90% of the total mass of said formulation, including both limits. And more preferably, the content of at least one aromatic additive of natural origin is between 10% and 30% of the total mass of said formulation, including both limits.
En otra realización preferida, el al menos un aditivo aromático de origen vegetal es un extracto de romero y un extracto de tomillo. Preferiblemente el extracto de romero está contenido en una cantidad comprendida entre el 5% y 15% de la masa total de dicha formulación, incluidos ambos limites. En otra realización diferente a la anterior, el extracto de tomillo está contenido en una cantidad comprendida entre el 5% y 15% de la masa total de dicha formulación, incluidos ambos limites. En otra realización aún más preferida, el extracto de romero está contenido en una cantidad comprendida entre el 5% y 15% en peso, y el extracto de tomillo está contenido en una cantidad comprendida entre el 5% y 15% en peso, respecto de la masa total de dicha formulación, incluidos dichos limites . In another preferred embodiment, the at least one aromatic additive of plant origin is a rosemary extract and a thyme extract. Preferably the rosemary extract is contained in an amount between 5% and 15% of the total mass of said formulation, including both limits. In another embodiment different from the previous one, the thyme extract is contained in an amount between 5% and 15% of the total mass of said formulation, including both limits. In another even more preferred embodiment, the rosemary extract is contained in an amount between 5% and 15% by weight, and the thyme extract is contained in an amount between 5% and 15% by weight, based on the total mass of said formulation, including said limits.
De manera preferida, el contenido de aceite de oliva está comprendido entre 70% y 90% en peso, el contenido del extracto de romero está comprendido entre
5% y 15% en peso, y el contenido del extracto de tomillo está comprendido entre 5% y 15% en peso, respecto del peso total de dicha formulación, incluidos dichos limites, de tal forma que la suma de los tres componentes sea del 100%. Más preferiblemente, la formulación aromática se compone de aceite de oliva en un contenido del 80% en peso, extracto de romero en un contenido del 10% en peso, y extracto de tomillo en un contenido del 10% en peso, respecto del peso total de dicha formulación, incluidos dichos limites. Preferably, the content of olive oil is between 70% and 90% by weight, the content of rosemary extract is between 5% and 15% by weight, and the content of the thyme extract is between 5% and 15% by weight, with respect to the total weight of said formulation, including said limits, so that the sum of the three components is of the 100% More preferably, the aromatic formulation is composed of olive oil in a content of 80% by weight, rosemary extract in a content of 10% by weight, and thyme extract in a content of 10% by weight, based on the total weight of said formulation, including said limits.
En un segundo aspecto, la presente invención se refiere a una composición cérea caracterizada porque comprende la formulación aromática descrita anteriormente. Esta composición cérea se obtiene utilizando la formulación aromática anteriormente descrita y comprende una mezcla de al menos cera con dicha formulación aromática. De manera preferida la cera, es cera de abeja, aunque se está empleando, de forma experimental, láminas de materiales sintéticos (por ejemplo, plástico) como material sustitutivo de la cera . In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a waxy composition characterized in that it comprises the aromatic formulation described above. This waxy composition is obtained using the aromatic formulation described above and comprises a mixture of at least wax with said aromatic formulation. Preferably, the wax is beeswax, although sheets of synthetic materials (for example, plastic) are being used experimentally as a substitute for wax.
En una realización preferida, ésta composición cérea se obtiene mezclando homogéneamente y en continua agitación la formulación aromática con cera fundida en estado liquido, más preferiblemente, con cera de abeja fundida en estado liquido. In a preferred embodiment, this waxy composition is obtained by homogeneously mixing and in continuous stirring the aromatic formulation with molten wax in a liquid state, more preferably, with melted beeswax in a liquid state.
Para realizar el proceso de mezclado la cera debe estar a una temperatura igual o superior a su temperatura de fusión para mantenerse en estado liquido sobre la cual se adiciona la composición aromática que se encuentra a temperatura ambiente para preservar al máximo sus aromas . To carry out the mixing process, the wax must be at a temperature equal to or greater than its melting temperature to keep in a liquid state over which the aromatic composition that is at room temperature is added to preserve its aromas to the maximum.
Dicha composición cérea puede presentarse en diferentes composiciones. Asi, de manera preferida, el contenido de cera está comprendido entre el 65% y 99,9%, y el de la formulación aromática entre el 0,1% y 35%,
respecto de la masa total de dicha composición, incluidos ambos limites. Más preferentemente, el contenido de cera está comprendido entre el 80% y 99%, y el de la formulación aromática entre el 1% y 20%, respecto de la masa total de dicha composición, incluidos ambos limites. Aún más preferentemente el contenido de cera está comprendido entre el 95% y 98%, y el de la formulación aromática entre el 2 -s y 5 -s , respecto de la masa total de dicha composición, incluidos ambos limites. Said waxy composition may be presented in different compositions. Thus, preferably, the wax content is between 65% and 99.9%, and that of the aromatic formulation between 0.1% and 35%, with respect to the total mass of said composition, including both limits. More preferably, the wax content is between 80% and 99%, and that of the aromatic formulation between 1% and 20%, with respect to the total mass of said composition, including both limits. Even more preferably, the wax content is between 95% and 98%, and that of the aromatic formulation between 2 -s and 5 -s, with respect to the total mass of said composition, including both limits.
En un tercer aspecto, la presente invención contempla el uso, tanto de la composición cérea como de la formulación aromática, para la obtención de un panal de cera estampada, siguiendo los procedimientos conocidos habituales. In a third aspect, the present invention contemplates the use, both of the waxy composition and of the aromatic formulation, to obtain a stamped wax honeycomb, following the usual known procedures.
El término cera estampada se refiere, en la presente memoria, a una lámina de cera de entre 1 y 4 milímetros de espesor, en la cual están impresos los hexágonos a partir de los cuales la abeja construirá las celdas que utilizará para cría o para depósito de sus productos elaborados y/o recolectados, como la miel y el polen . The term stamped wax refers, herein, to a sheet of wax between 1 and 4 millimeters thick, on which the hexagons are printed from which the bee will construct the cells it will use for breeding or deposit of its processed and / or collected products, such as honey and pollen.
A modo de ejemplo, y sin carácter limitante, la cera estampada puede ser fabricada artesanalmente mediante moldes donde se deja caer cera fundida y luego es impresa o estampada con las celdas que conforman el panal por prensado. Alternativamente, también se puede obtener de forma industrial, mediante maquinaria específica donde primero se funde la cera, en forma de lámina continua, la cual es estampada posteriormente por el paso entre rodillos que le imprimen las celdas. As an example, and without limitation, stamped wax can be manufactured by hand using molds where molten wax is dropped and then printed or stamped with the cells that make up the honeycomb by pressing. Alternatively, it can also be obtained industrially, by specific machinery where the wax is first melted, in the form of a continuous sheet, which is subsequently stamped by the passage between rollers that print the cells.
En el contexto de esta memoria se entiende por panal, la estructura de celdillas de cera colocadas en series paralelas diseñada para las abejas. In the context of this report, honeycomb is understood as the structure of wax cells placed in parallel series designed for bees.
Un cuarto aspecto de la presente invención se refiere al uso de la composición cérea para la
fabricación de piezas de cera aromatizada. Asimismo, la invención también hace referencia a la pieza de cera aromatizada que comprende una composición cérea de la presente invención. A modo de ejemplo, para poder cumplir la función de impedir el anidamiento de la Varroa en los panales o colmenas, estas piezas de cera aromatizada pueden acoplarse en el interior de aquellas celdas del panal que las abejas destinan a la cria, y que típicamente tienen un tamaño de entre 6 y 9 mm. En una realización preferida, las dimensiones de dichas piezas de cera aromatizada están comprendidas entre 2,5 y 9 mm de largo, entre 2,5 y 4 mm de ancho y entre 1 y 2,5 mm de espesor, incluidos dichos límites. Estas dimensiones deben ser tomadas como estadísticamente habituales, si bien las celdas empleadas por las abejas pueden no poseer dichas características dimensionales, atendiendo a diferentes factores intrínsecos de la propia colmena o del medio ambiente en el que se encuentra, de ahí que pueda no cumplir las relaciones dimensionales indicadas. A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the waxy composition for the manufacture of flavored wax pieces. Likewise, the invention also makes reference to the piece of flavored wax comprising a waxy composition of the present invention. By way of example, in order to fulfill the function of preventing the nesting of Varroa in honeycombs or hives, these pieces of flavored wax can be attached inside those honeycomb cells that bees are intended for breeding, and that typically have a size between 6 and 9 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the dimensions of said flavored wax pieces are comprised between 2.5 and 9 mm long, between 2.5 and 4 mm wide and between 1 and 2.5 mm thick, including said limits. These dimensions should be taken as statistically common, although the cells used by the bees may not have such dimensional characteristics, attending to different intrinsic factors of the hive itself or the environment in which it is located, hence it may not meet the indicated dimensional relationships.
Un quinto aspecto de la invención se refiere al uso de estas piezas de cera aromatizada para tratamiento o prevención de la varroasis en panales y colmenas de abejas, por colocación de dichas piezas en el interior de las celdas de los panales. A fifth aspect of the invention relates to the use of these pieces of flavored wax for the treatment or prevention of varroasis in honeycombs and beehives, by placing said pieces inside the cells of the honeycombs.
Un sexto aspecto de la presente invención se refiere a un panal de cera estampada que comprende la composición cérea de la presente invención. A sixth aspect of the present invention relates to a patterned wax honeycomb comprising the waxy composition of the present invention.
En un séptimo aspecto, la invención también se refiere al procedimiento de obtención de un panal de cera estampada que comprende una composición cérea definida en esta memoria. In a seventh aspect, the invention also relates to the method of obtaining a stamped wax honeycomb comprising a waxy composition defined herein.
Una característica intrínseca a este tipo de panal es que el material que lo constituye integra la formulación aromática repelente del ácaro Varroa objeto de la presente invención distribuida uniformemente. Así,
de este modo, para su fabricación se debe utilizar bien la formulación aromática, o bien la composición cérea objeto de la presente invención. An intrinsic characteristic of this type of honeycomb is that the material that constitutes it integrates the aromatic repellent formulation of the Varroa mite object of the present invention uniformly distributed. So, Thus, the aromatic formulation or the waxy composition object of the present invention must be used for its manufacture.
En una realización preferida, el procedimiento de obtención de este tipo de panal de cera estampada se lleva a cabo según los métodos convencionales, y comprende una solidificación de la composición cérea de la presente invención en estado liquido, previamente al proceso de estampado o impresión de las celdas que conforman el panal. En una realización más preferida, el procedimiento de obtención del panal comprende, previamente a la solidificación de dicha composición cérea, preparar in situ la composición cérea mezclando homogéneamente la formulación aromática con cera fundida. In a preferred embodiment, the process for obtaining this type of stamped wax honeycomb is carried out according to conventional methods, and comprises a solidification of the waxy composition of the present invention in a liquid state, prior to the stamping or printing process of the cells that make up the honeycomb. In a more preferred embodiment, the method of obtaining the honeycomb comprises, prior to the solidification of said waxy composition, preparing the waxy composition in situ by homogeneously mixing the aromatic formulation with molten wax.
En un octavo aspecto, esta invención también se refiere al uso tanto de la composición aromática objeto de la invención, como de la composición cérea definida anteriormente, asi como al uso del panal de cera que comprende dicha composición cérea, y de las piezas de cera aromatizada de la presente invención, para el tratamiento y prevención de la varroasis en cultivos de abej as . In an eighth aspect, this invention also relates to the use of both the aromatic composition object of the invention, as well as the wax composition defined above, as well as the use of the wax honeycomb comprising said wax composition, and the wax pieces flavored of the present invention, for the treatment and prevention of varroasis in bee crops.
Asimismo, un último aspecto de la presente invención contempla el uso de la composición aromática, de la composición cérea, del panal de cera o de las piezas de cera aromatizada, todos ellos objetos de la presente invención, para impedir el anidamiento del ácaro Varroa en las celdas de panales y colmenas destinadas por las abejas a su reproducción. Also, a final aspect of the present invention contemplates the use of the aromatic composition, the waxy composition, the wax honeycomb or the flavored wax pieces, all objects of the present invention, to prevent the nesting of the Varroa mite in honeycomb cells and beehives destined for bees to reproduce.
EJEMPLOS DE REALIZACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A continuación se detallan a modo de ejemplo y con carácter no limitante ejemplos de realizaciones de la presente invención, a fin de mejorar su comprensión.
Ejemplo 1.- Obtención de una formulación aromática repelente del ácaro Varroa. Examples of embodiments of the present invention are detailed below by way of example and with no limitation, in order to improve their understanding. Example 1.- Obtaining a repellent aromatic formulation of the Varroa mite.
Como ejemplo de realización se ha preparado 2 kg de una formulación aromática repelente del ácaro Varroa que ha consistido en mezclar: un 80 % en peso de aceite de oliva, con un 10% en peso de extracto de romero natural y con un 10% en peso de extracto de tomillo natural, respecto al contenido global en peso de la mezcla. Para ello se han molido 200 g de romero natural y 200 g de tomillo. Posteriormente, sobre la mezcla de las moliendas, se han adicionado 1600 g de aceite de oliva, y se ha mantenido en agitación durante media hora para obtener la formulación aromática. As an exemplary embodiment, 2 kg of a Varroa mite repellent aromatic formulation has been prepared, consisting of mixing: 80% by weight of olive oil, with 10% by weight of natural rosemary extract and with 10% in weight of natural thyme extract, based on the overall weight content of the mixture. For this, 200 g of natural rosemary and 200 g of thyme have been ground. Subsequently, on the mixture of the mills, 1600 g of olive oil have been added, and it has been kept under stirring for half an hour to obtain the aromatic formulation.
Ejemplo 2.- Obtención de una composición cérea aromática repelente del ácaro Varroa. Example 2.- Obtaining a Varroa mite repellent aromatic waxy composition.
Para la preparación de la composición cérea que contiene la formulación aromática repelente del ácaro Varroa se han realizado los siguientes pasos: For the preparation of the waxy composition containing the Varroa mite repellent aromatic formulation, the following steps have been performed:
- Moler 500 gr de romero y 500 gr de tomillo. - Grind 500 gr of rosemary and 500 gr of thyme.
Adicionalmente, y de manera opcional, previamente a la adición de aceite, se puede incorporar sobre la molienda de los vegetales, una cantidad de agua (entre 100 y 2000 mL) para facilitar la extracción de algunos de los aromas de estas plantas que producen los efectos deseados de la invención . Additionally, and optionally, prior to the addition of oil, an amount of water (between 100 and 2000 mL) can be incorporated into the milling of the vegetables to facilitate the extraction of some of the aromas of these plants that produce the desired effects of the invention.
- Adicionar sobre esta molienda 4 kg de aceite vegetal, preferentemente aceite oliva, a temperatura ambiente; - Add 4 kg of vegetable oil, preferably olive oil, to this temperature at room temperature;
- Agitar durante un periodo de 10 a 40 minutos a temperatura ambiente, con lo que se obtiene una suspensión que constituye la formulación aromática . - Stir for a period of 10 to 40 minutes at room temperature, thereby obtaining a suspension that constitutes the aromatic formulation.
Incorporar esta suspensión agitada sobre cera de abeja previamente fundida y que se encuentra en estado liquido y viscoso, agitando vigorosa y
continuadamente hasta alcanzar una mezcla uniforme y homogénea entre la formulación aromática y la cera. Incorporate this stirred suspension on previously melted beeswax and which is in a liquid and viscous state, stirring vigorously and continuously until a uniform and homogeneous mixture between the aromatic formulation and the wax is achieved.
Como resultado se obtiene una composición cérea en estado de liquido viscoso, que puede ser empleada directamente para la obtención de los panales de cera, o dejar solidificar para sus posteriores usos.
As a result, a waxy composition is obtained in a viscous liquid state, which can be used directly to obtain the wax combs, or solidify for later use.
Claims
1. Formulación aromática repelente del ácaro Varroa parásito de abejas, caracterizada porque comprende: 1. Varroa bee parasite aromatic repellent aromatic formulation, characterized in that it comprises:
- un medio liquido de base vegetal, - a liquid medium based on plants,
- al menos un aditivo aromático de origen natural. - at least one aromatic additive of natural origin.
2. Formulación aromática según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el medio liquido de base vegetal comprende un aceite de origen vegetal. 2. Aromatic formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the vegetable-based liquid medium comprises an oil of plant origin.
3. Formulación aromática según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque el aceite de origen vegetal es aceite de oliva. 3. Aromatic formulation according to claim 2, characterized in that the vegetable oil is olive oil.
4. Formulación aromática según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque el al menos un aditivo aromático de origen natural es seleccionado entre un aceite esencial de origen vegetal, un extracto de origen vegetal distinto de aceite esencial y cualquier combinación de los mismos. 4. Aromatic formulation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one aromatic additive of natural origin is selected from an essential oil of plant origin, an extract of plant origin other than essential oil and any combination thereof.
5. Formulación aromática según la reivindicación 4, caracterizada porque el aceite esencial de origen vegetal es seleccionado del grupo: aceite esencial de ajedrea, aceite esencial de albahaca, aceite esencial de alcaravea, aceite esencial de apio, aceite esencial de benjuí, aceite esencial de bergamota, aceite esencial de canela, aceite esencial de cebolla, aceite esencial de cardamomo, aceite esencial de cilantro, aceite esencial de ciprés, aceite esencial de clavo, aceite esencial de comino, aceite esencial de copaiba, aceite esencial de cúrcuma, aceite esencial de enebro, aceite esencial de estragón, aceite esencial de eucalipto, aceite esencial de gálbano, aceite esencial de gaulteria, aceite esencial de geranio, aceite esencial de hierba Luisa, aceite esencial de hinojo, aceite esencial de hisopo, aceite esencial de incienso, aceite esencial de inula, aceite esencial de jara, aceite esencial de jazmín, aceite esencial de laurel, aceite esencial de limón, aceite esencial de mandarina, aceite esencial de mejorana, aceite esencial de melisa, aceite esencial de menta, aceite esencial de orégano, aceite esencial de pimienta negra, aceite esencial de romero, aceite esencial de salvia, aceite esencial de sándalo, aceite esencial de tomillo, aceite esencial de trementina, aceite esencial de vainilla, aceite esencial de valeriana, aceite esencial de verbena, aceite esencial de zanahoria, aceite esencial de ajo y combinaciones de los mismos. 5. Aromatic formulation according to claim 4, characterized in that the essential oil of vegetable origin is selected from the group: savory essential oil, basil essential oil, caraway essential oil, celery essential oil, benzoin essential oil, essential oil of Bergamot, cinnamon essential oil, onion essential oil, cardamom essential oil, coriander essential oil, cypress essential oil, clove essential oil, cumin essential oil, copaiba essential oil, turmeric essential oil, essential oil Juniper, tarragon essential oil, eucalyptus essential oil, galbanum essential oil, gaulteria essential oil, geranium essential oil, Luisa herb essential oil, fennel essential oil, hyssop essential oil, frankincense essential oil, essential oil of inula, essential oil of jara, essential oil of jasmine, essential oil of laurel, essential oil of lemon, mandarin essential oil, marjoram essential oil, lemon balm essential oil, peppermint essential oil, oregano essential oil, black pepper essential oil, rosemary essential oil, sage essential oil, sandalwood essential oil, thyme essential oil , turpentine essential oil, vanilla essential oil, valerian essential oil, verbena essential oil, carrot essential oil, garlic essential oil and combinations thereof.
6. Formulación aromática según la reivindicación 4, caracterizada porque el extracto de origen vegetal distinto de aceite esencial es seleccionado del grupo: extracto de ajedrea, extracto de albahaca, extracto de alcaravea, extracto de apio, extracto de benjuí, extracto de bergamota, extracto de canela, extracto de cebolla, extracto de cardamomo, extracto de cilantro, extracto de ciprés, extracto de clavo, extracto de comino, extracto de copaiba, extracto de cúrcuma, extracto de enebro, extracto de estragón, extracto de eucalipto, extracto de gálbano, extracto de gaulteria, extracto de geranio, extracto de hierba Luisa, extracto de hinojo, extracto de hisopo, extracto de incienso, extracto de inula, extracto de jara, extracto de jazmín, extracto de laurel, extracto de limón, extracto de mandarina, extracto de mejorana, extracto de melisa, extracto de menta, extracto de orégano, extracto de pimienta negra, extracto de romero, extracto de salvia, extracto de sándalo, extracto de tomillo, extracto de trementina, extracto de vainilla, extracto de valeriana, extracto de verbena, extracto de zanahoria, extracto de ajo y cualquier combinación de los mismos. 6. Aromatic formulation according to claim 4, characterized in that the extract of plant origin other than essential oil is selected from the group: savory extract, basil extract, caraway extract, celery extract, benzoin extract, bergamot extract, extract of cinnamon, onion extract, cardamom extract, coriander extract, cypress extract, clove extract, cumin extract, copaiba extract, turmeric extract, juniper extract, tarragon extract, eucalyptus extract, galbanum extract , gaulteria extract, geranium extract, Luisa herb extract, fennel extract, hyssop extract, incense extract, inula extract, jara extract, jasmine extract, bay leaf extract, lemon extract, tangerine extract, Marjoram extract, melissa extract, mint extract, oregano extract, black pepper extract, rosemary extract, sage extract, sandalwood extract, extract or thyme, turpentine extract, vanilla extract, valerian extract, verbena extract, carrot extract, garlic extract and any combination thereof.
7. Formulación aromática según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque el contenido del medio líquido de base vegetal está comprendido entre el 70% y 90% de la masa total de dicha formulación, incluidos ambos limites. 7. Aromatic formulation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the content of the liquid medium of vegetable base is comprised between 70% and 90% of the total mass of said formulation, including both limits.
8. Formulación aromática según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque el contenido del al menos un aditivo aromático de origen natural está comprendido entre el 10% y 30% de la masa total de dicha formulación, incluidos ambos limites. 8. Aromatic formulation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the content of at least one aromatic additive of natural origin is between 10% and 30% of the total mass of said formulation, including both limits.
9. Formulación aromática según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque el al menos un aditivo aromático de origen vegetal es un extracto de romero y un extracto de tomillo. 9. Aromatic formulation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one aromatic additive of vegetable origin is a rosemary extract and a thyme extract.
10. Formulación aromática según la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque el extracto de romero está presente en una cantidad comprendida entre el 5% y 15% respecto de la masa total de dicha formulación, incluidos ambos limites . 10. Aromatic formulation according to claim 9, characterized in that the rosemary extract is present in an amount comprised between 5% and 15% with respect to the total mass of said formulation, including both limits.
11. Formulación aromática según la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque el extracto de tomillo está presente en una cantidad comprendida entre el 5% y 15% respecto de la masa total de dicha formulación, incluidos ambos limites. 11. Aromatic formulation according to claim 9, characterized in that the thyme extract is present in an amount comprised between 5% and 15% with respect to the total mass of said formulation, including both limits.
12. Formulación aromática según la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque el contenido de aceite de oliva está comprendido entre 70% y 90%, el del extracto de romero entre 5% y 15%, y el del extracto de tomillo entre 5% y 15%, respecto de la masa total de dicha formulación, incluidos ambos limites, de tal forma que la suma de los tres componentes sea del 100%. 12. Aromatic formulation according to claim 9, characterized in that the olive oil content is between 70% and 90%, that of rosemary extract between 5% and 15%, and that of thyme extract between 5% and 15% , with respect to the total mass of said formulation, including both limits, so that the sum of the three components is 100%.
13. Formulación aromática según las reivindicaciones 9, caracterizada porque el contenido de aceite de oliva es un 80%, el del extracto de romero es un 10% y el del extracto de tomillo es un 10%, respecto de la masa total de dicha formulación, incluidos ambos limites. 13. Aromatic formulation according to claims 9, characterized in that the content of olive oil is 80%, that of rosemary extract is 10% and that of thyme extract is 10%, with respect to the total mass of said formulation , including both limits.
14. Uso de la formulación aromática definida según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13 para la obtención de una composición cérea. 14. Use of the aromatic formulation defined according to any one of claims 1 to 13 for obtaining a waxy composition.
15. Composición cérea caracterizada porque comprende la formulación aromática definida en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13. 15. Waxy composition characterized in that it comprises the aromatic formulation defined in any one of claims 1 to 13.
16. Composición cérea según la reivindicación 15, caracterizada porque comprende un contenido de cera comprendido entre el 65% y 99, 9% de la masa total de dicha composición, incluidos ambos limites, y un contenido de la formulación aromática descrita en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13 comprendida entre el 0,1% y 35% de la masa total de dicha composición, incluidos ambos limites. 16. Waxy composition according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises a wax content between 65% and 99.9% of the total mass of said composition, including both limits, and a content of the aromatic formulation described in any one of claims 1 to 13 comprised between 0.1% and 35% of the total mass of said composition, including both limits.
17. Composición cérea según la reivindicación 15, caracterizada porque comprende un contenido de cera comprendido entre el 80% y 99%, de la masa total de dicha composición, incluidos ambos limites, y un contenido de la formulación aromática descrita en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13 comprendida entre el 1% y 20% de la masa total de dicha composición, incluidos ambos limites. 17. Waxy composition according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises a wax content between 80% and 99%, of the total mass of said composition, including both limits, and a content of the aromatic formulation described in any one of the claims 1 to 13 comprised between 1% and 20% of the total mass of said composition, including both limits.
18. Composición cérea según la reivindicación 15, caracterizada porque comprende un contenido de cera comprendido entre el 95% y 98% de la masa total de dicha composición, incluidos ambos limites, y un contenido de la formulación aromática descrita en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13 comprendida entre el 2% y 5% de la masa total de dicha composición, incluidos ambos limites . 18. Waxy composition according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises a wax content comprised between 95% and 98% of the total mass of said composition, including both limits, and a content of the aromatic formulation described in any one of the claims 1 to 13 comprised between 2% and 5% of the total mass of said composition, including both limits.
19. Procedimiento de obtención de una composición cérea descrita en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 15 a 18, caracterizado porque comprende mezclar homogéneamente una formulación aromática descrita en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13 con cera en estado liquido. 19. Method for obtaining a waxy composition described in any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that it comprises homogeneously mixing an aromatic formulation described in any one of claims 1 to 13 with liquid wax.
20. Uso de una formulación aromática definida en una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13, o una composición cérea definida en una de las reivindicaciones 15 a 18, para la obtención de un panal de cera estampada. 20. Use of an aromatic formulation defined in one of claims 1 to 13, or a waxy composition defined in one of claims 15 to 18, for obtaining a stamped wax honeycomb.
21. Uso de una formulación aromática definida en una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13, o una composición cérea definida en una de las reivindicaciones 15 a 18, para la fabricación de piezas de cera aromatizada. 21. Use of an aromatic formulation defined in one of claims 1 to 13, or a waxy composition defined in one of claims 15 to 18, for the manufacture of pieces of flavored wax.
22. Pieza de cera aromatizada caracterizada porque comprende una composición cérea definida en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 15 a 18, y cuyas dimensiones están comprendidas entre 2,5 y 9 mm de largo, entre 2,5 y 4 mm de ancho y entre 1 y 2,5 mm de espesor, incluidos dichos limites. 22. A piece of flavored wax characterized in that it comprises a waxy composition defined in any one of claims 15 to 18, and whose dimensions are comprised between 2.5 and 9 mm long, between 2.5 and 4 mm wide and between 1 and 2.5 mm thick, including said limits.
23. Panal de cera estampada caracterizado porque comprende la composición cérea definida según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 15 a 18. 23. Stamped wax honeycomb characterized in that it comprises the waxy composition defined according to any one of claims 15 to 18.
24. Procedimiento de obtención de un panal de cera estampada definido según la reivindicación 23, caracterizado porque comprende una solidificación de una composición cérea definida en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 15 a 18 en estado liquido, previamente al proceso de estampado de las celdas que conforman dicho panal. 24. Method for obtaining a defined wax honeycomb according to claim 23, characterized in that it comprises a solidification of a waxy composition defined in any one of claims 15 to 18 in a liquid state, prior to the stamping process of the cells that make up said honeycomb.
25. Procedimiento de obtención de un panal de cera estampada según la reivindicación 24, caracterizado porque previamente a la solidificación de la composición cérea en estado liquido, comprende preparar in situ dicha composición cérea mezclando homogéneamente la formulación aromática con cera fundida. 25. Method of obtaining a stamped wax honeycomb according to claim 24, characterized in that prior to solidification of the waxy composition in a liquid state, it comprises preparing said waxy composition in situ by homogeneously mixing the aromatic formulation with molten wax.
26. Uso de una formulación aromática definida en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13, una composición cérea descrita en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 15 a 18, una pieza de cera aromatizada definida en la reivindicación 22, o un panal definido según la reivindicación 23 para el tratamiento y prevención de la varroasis en cultivos de abejas. 26. Use of an aromatic formulation defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, a waxy composition described in any one of claims 15 to 18, a piece of flavored wax defined in claim 22, or a honeycomb defined according to claim 23 for the treatment and prevention of varroasis in bee crops.
27 . Uso de una formulación aromática definida en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13, una composición cérea descrita en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 15 a 18, una pieza de cera aromatizada definida en la reivindicación 22, o un panal definido según la reivindicación 23 para impedir el anidamiento del ácaro Varroa en las celdas de panales y colmenas destinadas por las abejas a su reproducción. 27. Use of an aromatic formulation defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, a waxy composition described in any one of claims 15 to 18, a piece of flavored wax defined in claim 22, or a honeycomb defined according to claim 23 for prevent the nesting of the Varroa mite in the cells of honeycombs and hives intended by the bees to reproduce.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESP201131111 | 2011-06-30 | ||
| ES201131111A ES2395675B1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2011-06-30 | COMPOSITION AND PROCEDURE TO INHIBIT THE REPRODUCTION OF VARROA IN HONEYS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2013001116A1 true WO2013001116A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
Family
ID=47423457
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2012/070054 WO2013001116A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2012-01-31 | Composition and method for inhibiting varroa reproduction in beehives |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2395675B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013001116A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3019971A1 (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-10-23 | Greenpharma Sas | REPULSIVE COMPOSITION FOR WILD ANIMALS OR DOMESTIC |
| IT201600102636A1 (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2018-04-13 | Conagit S P A | Anti-parasitic composition. |
| IT201900012264A1 (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-01-18 | Nurares Srl | USEFUL COMPOSITION IN THE TREATMENT OF VARROATOSIS |
| CN112335691A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-02-09 | 北京茂思商贸有限公司 | Antibacterial and acarid-removing composite essential oil |
| WO2021035369A1 (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | Hidalgo Gonzalez David Isaac Alejandro | Composition, method of preparation and use thereof, based on a harmless natural organic mixture free of contamination having chemical and physical aspects similar or equal to original beeswax |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2846548A1 (en) * | 2020-01-28 | 2021-07-28 | Aroca Maria Concepcion Bermejo | NATURAL ACARICIDAL SUBSTANCE FOR THE CONTROL OF VARROOSIS IN Beehives (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| WO2021152198A1 (en) * | 2020-01-28 | 2021-08-05 | Bermejo Aroca Maria Concepcion | Natural acaricide substance for controlling varroosis in hives |
| ES2890495A1 (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-20 | Rivas Jose Daniel Fornos | BIOLOGICAL COMPOUND TO FIGHT AGAINST VARROASIS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3019971A1 (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-10-23 | Greenpharma Sas | REPULSIVE COMPOSITION FOR WILD ANIMALS OR DOMESTIC |
| IT201600102636A1 (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2018-04-13 | Conagit S P A | Anti-parasitic composition. |
| IT201900012264A1 (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-01-18 | Nurares Srl | USEFUL COMPOSITION IN THE TREATMENT OF VARROATOSIS |
| WO2021009379A1 (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-01-21 | Nurares S.R.L. | Composition useful in the treatment of varroatosis |
| WO2021035369A1 (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | Hidalgo Gonzalez David Isaac Alejandro | Composition, method of preparation and use thereof, based on a harmless natural organic mixture free of contamination having chemical and physical aspects similar or equal to original beeswax |
| CN112335691A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-02-09 | 北京茂思商贸有限公司 | Antibacterial and acarid-removing composite essential oil |
| CN112335691B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-01-11 | 北京茂思商贸有限公司 | Antibacterial and acarid-removing composite essential oil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2395675A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
| ES2395675B1 (en) | 2013-12-26 |
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