WO2012175629A1 - Procédé de télécommunication et appareil utilisant l'émission et la réception d'ondes électromagnétiques - Google Patents

Procédé de télécommunication et appareil utilisant l'émission et la réception d'ondes électromagnétiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012175629A1
WO2012175629A1 PCT/EP2012/062004 EP2012062004W WO2012175629A1 WO 2012175629 A1 WO2012175629 A1 WO 2012175629A1 EP 2012062004 W EP2012062004 W EP 2012062004W WO 2012175629 A1 WO2012175629 A1 WO 2012175629A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waves
transmitting
receiving
oam
control signals
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PCT/EP2012/062004
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English (en)
Inventor
Fabrizio TAMBURINI
Bo Y THIDE'
Filippo Romanato
Cesare Barbieri
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Università Degli Studi Di Padova
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Publication of WO2012175629A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012175629A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
    • H04L5/04—Channels characterised by the type of signal the signals being represented by different amplitudes or polarities, e.g. quadriplex
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a telecommunication method and apparatus exploiting the transmission and reception of electromagnetic (EM) waves.
  • EM electromagnetic
  • TV and radio broadcasting is limited by the fact that only two independent signals, one for each polarization state of the EM field, can be transmitted for each carrier frequency.
  • the orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a fundamental physical property of the EM field.
  • the simplest example of an EM field in a pure OAM eigenstate, independent of frequency, is a paraxial beam of light propagating in vacuum along a z axis.
  • the complex amplitude of the EM field, measured in the plane orthogonal to z, U f G p can be described, in terms of a Laguerre-Gaussian mode in a cylindrical reference frame r,-&, z , by:
  • i describes the number of twists of the helical wavefront (OAM mode, topological charge)
  • p the number of radial nodes of the mode
  • w the beam waist
  • L e (x) is an associated Laguerre polynomial.
  • the amplitude of a field carrying OAM state can be described in an apparatus of spherical coordinates as the factorization of two parts: the first, A e (r,-&,q>) , depends on the spatial coordinates and the OAM mode while the second, exp(-/ ) , gives the phase dependence, according to the following relation:
  • a superimposition of different OAM states can generate non-integer OAM states, i.e. a beam endowed with a phase dependence exp(z ' ccd) corresponding to a non-integer OAM value .
  • a non-integer OAM state can be represented as a series superimposition of integer OAM modes, according to the following relation:
  • An EM wave is therefore characterised by a set of OAM modes, which are naturally quantized and can ideally be infinite.
  • OAM eigenstates each identified by a unique integer, are quantised by nature and can therefore be superimposed into various bit patterns that can be resolved at the receiving end.
  • Each OAM mode may be tagged with an integer number (known as "quantum number") I that identifies the corresponding state of vorticity of the propagating EM wave.
  • the quantum number I of an OAM mode may be positive or negative depending on the vorticity type (left-handed or right-handed) with respect to the propagation direction of the EM wave.
  • OAM modes are independent of the polarization state of the EM field, i.e. they may exist for any type of polarization of the EM wave.
  • a beam of EM waves on a given carrier frequency can be encoded with an OAM spectrum in term of pure, integer OAM eigenstates.
  • OAM eigenmodes with different quantum numbers are orthogonal in a Hilbert sense and therefore correspond to mutually and reciprocally independent quantum states for the radio beam. For this reason, the different OAM eigenmodes in a radio beam that carries OAM of any kind, do not interact during the propagation of the radio beam in a homogeneous unbounded medium, in particular in free space.
  • phase of OAM modes having a state of vorticity I ⁇ 0 is not constant along a plane but it has a well-defined spatial periodic structure, which may be properly exploited for the transmission of information.
  • Radios having a particular kind of geometry shape for OAM transmission and reception.
  • Radiation lobes of the transmitting antennas which are designed for point-to-point transmission/reception, may be directed only towards predefined directions, basically towards a single receiving antenna and are not suitable for broadcasting.
  • the receiving antennas are designed for preferable direction reception. Further, such telecommunication systems are apparently difficult and expensive to realize at industrial level, at radio frequencies.
  • the main aim of the invention is to provide a telecommunication method and apparatus, which are capable of overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art cited above.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a telecommunication method and apparatus, which are suitable for a broadcasting transmission and for independent reception of radio signals.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a telecommunication method and apparatus, which are suitable also for a point-to-point transmission/reception of radio signals.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a telecommunication method and apparatus, which are particular easy to implement at industrial level, at competitive costs.
  • the invention provides a telecommunication method, according to the claims proposed in the following.
  • the present invention relates to a telecommunication method that comprises the following steps:
  • each of said control signals being associated to a corresponding OAM mode of said EM waves
  • each of said data signals being one-to-one associated to a corresponding OAM mode of said EM waves
  • said telecommunication method comprises also the steps:
  • the present invention relates also to a telecommunication method that comprises the steps:
  • control signals and said data signals being associated to said EM waves, so that a channel for transmitting and receiving information is associated to each of said OAM modes, each of said control signals being associated to a corresponding OAM mode of said EM waves, each of said data signals being one-to-one associated to a corresponding OAM mode of said EM waves, said control signals and said data signals being simultaneously transmitted through the transmission of said EM waves.
  • the present invention relates also to a telecommunication method that comprises the steps:
  • EM waves structured with a plurality of OAM modes, said EM waves having a same carrier frequency and one or two orthogonal polarization states;
  • each of said control signals being associated to a corresponding OAM mode of said EM waves
  • each of said data signals being one-to-one associated to a corresponding OAM mode of said EM waves
  • the present invention provides also a telecommunication apparatus, according to the claims proposed in the following.
  • the telecommunication apparatus comprises: transmitting means for generating and transmitting EM waves structured with a plurality of OAM modes, said EM waves having a same carrier frequency and one or two orthogonal polarization states, said transmitting means comprising one or more transmitting devices;
  • encoding means for encoding one or more control signals and one or more data signals associated to said EM waves, so that a channel for transmitting and receiving information is associated to each of said OAM modes, each of said control signals being associated to a corresponding OAM mode of said EM waves, each of said data signals being one-to-one associated to a corresponding OAM mode of said EM waves, said transmitting means transmitting simultaneously said control signals and said data signals through the transmission of said EM waves.
  • said telecommunication apparatus comprises also:
  • receiving means for receiving said EM waves, said receiving means receiving simultaneously said control signals and said data signals through the reception of said EM waves, said receiving means comprising one or more receiving devices;
  • decoding means for decoding the control signals and the data signals received by said receiving means, said decoding means being operatively associated to said receiving means.
  • the present invention relates to a telecommunication apparatus that comprises:
  • receiving means for receiving EM waves structured with a plurality of OAM modes, said EM waves having a same carrier frequency and one or two orthogonal polarization states, said receiving means simultaneously receiving one or more control signals and one or more data signals associated to said EM waves, through the reception of said EM waves, said control signals and said data signals being encoded so that a channel for transmitting and receiving information is associated to each of said OAM modes, each of said control signals being associated to a corresponding OAM mode of said EM waves, each of said data signals being one-to-one associated to a corresponding OAM mode of said EM waves, said control signals and said data signals being simultaneously transmitted through the transmission of said EM waves, said receiving means comprising one or more receiving devices;
  • decoding means for decoding said control signals and said data signals.
  • the present invention relates to a telecommunication apparatus that comprises:
  • transmitting means for generating and transmitting EM waves structured with a plurality of OAM modes, said EM waves having a same carrier frequency and one or two orthogonal polarization states, said transmitting means comprising one or more transmitting devices;
  • encoding means for encoding one or more control signals and one or more data signals associated to said EM waves, so that a channel for transmitting and receiving information is associated to each of said OAM modes, each of said control signals being associated to a corresponding OAM mode of said EM waves, each of said data signals being one-to-one associated to a corresponding OAM mode of said EM waves, said transmitting means transmitting simultaneously said control signals and said data signals through the transmission of said EM waves;
  • receiving means for receiving said EM waves, said receiving means receiving simultaneously said control signals and said data signals through the reception of said EM waves, said receiving means comprising one or more receiving devices;
  • decoding means for decoding the control signals and the data signals received by said receiving means, said decoding means being operatively associated to said receiving means.
  • said EM waves have carrying frequencies between 30 MHz and 30 THz.
  • said EM waves have carrying frequencies comprised in the field of radio frequencies, e.g. from 300MHz to 300GHz.
  • said transmitting devices and/or said receiving devices may be of the fixed or mobile type.
  • the telecommunication apparatus may comprise one or more groups of transmitting devices (e.g. groups of transmitting antennas), each group illuminating the surrounding space with EM waves structured with OAM modes.
  • groups of transmitting devices e.g. groups of transmitting antennas
  • One or more groups of receiving devices may be advantageously arranged to receive the EM waves structured with OAM modes that are transmitted by said groups of transmitting devices.
  • the telecommunication apparatus is thus particularly suitable for the broadcasting transmission and reception of radio signals endowed with orbital angular momentum.
  • the telecommunication apparatus may be easily configured to implement a point-to-point transmission and reception of radio signals.
  • figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the telecommunication apparatus, according to the invention
  • figure 2, 3, 4A, 4B schematically show possible embodiments of the transmitting devices of the telecommunication apparatus of figure 1 ;
  • FIG 5 schematically shows a portion of a further embodiment of the telecommunication apparatus, according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus exploiting the transmission and reception of EM waves.
  • the method of telecommunication comprises the step of generating EM waves W that are structured with a plurality of OAM modes, said EM waves having a same carrier frequency and one or two orthogonal polarization states.
  • transmitting means 20 may be preferably adopted, which are configured so as to be capable of illuminating the surrounding space with radiation lobes that are controllable along the azimuthal and zenithal coordinates.
  • the typical form of the electromagnetic waves W is described by an analytical form that preserves the OAM modes.
  • the isophase surface (the wavefront) of the field, in the far field region has a spiral pattern, the number of arms of which depends on the topological charge I .
  • phase pattern can be represented in the plane, where the antennas are positioned, by a multi-arm linear spiral pattern.
  • This constant-phase locus of points can be described in terms of a generalized Archimedean spiral phase pattern, whose field amplitude is given by:
  • u ⁇ r,t,Q ) A 0 (r)+ A(r)[kr + £& -co ]
  • k is the wave number of the spiral waves
  • A(r) is the amplitude
  • ⁇ - is the azimuthal angle
  • r is the radial distance from the spiral tip (i.e. centre of symmetry).
  • a 0 (r) is an arbitrary function of the radius
  • I the OAM quantum number
  • the time difference between the p th arm and the (p+l) th arm (or the (p-l) th arm) may be sampled by an interferometer.
  • logarithmic or more general spiral shapes are considered here as a possible generalization of propagation through certain media.
  • the convolution with the topology of the antenna intensity diagrams of the present invention is the natural extension.
  • the EM waves W may be broadcasted over an azimuthal angle between 0 and 360°, even according to predefined angular ranges or sectors.
  • the broadcasting of the EM waves W can also be controlled over a zenithal angle between -90° and 90° so as to homogeneously cover the region around the transmitting means.
  • the interest for the transmitting apparatus in the zenith control is limited to a range between -75° and +30° in order to cover the broadcasting area.
  • the transmitted EM waves may be easily received by multiple groups of receiving devices.
  • the method thus allows an easy broadcasting of radio signals through the transmission and reception of EM waves W having a same carrier frequency and a given polarization.
  • the space propagation of the EM waves W may occur according to manners known in the radio-engineering field.
  • the propagation of the EM waves W may be used to acquire information about the propagation medium positioned between transmitting and receiving means of such waves.
  • the method advantageously provides for the characterization of control signals Sc and data signals S D that have to be transmitted through the transmission of the OAM modes.
  • data signal relates to any generic set of information (analog or digital) that needs to be transmitted through the transmission of the
  • control signal relates to information that is aimed at coordinating the implementation/operation of the method/apparatus of the invention.
  • the method comprises the step of encoding one or more control signals Sc and one or more data signals S D , associated to the EM waves W.
  • a channel for transmitting and receiving information is associated to each of the OAM modes.
  • Each of the control signals Sc is associated to a corresponding OAM mode while each of the data signals 3 ⁇ 4 is one-to-one associated to a corresponding OAM mode.
  • a number of data signals S D equal to the number of the OAM modes of the EM wave W, can thus be transmitted.
  • the method comprises the step of associating one or more synchronization sequences SYNC to each of the OAM modes.
  • Each of said synchronization sequences SYNC is indicative of the OAM mode that is generated and transmitted and is configured to allow the identification of said OAM mode at the reception of this latter.
  • the synchronization sequences SYNC are in practice control signals that are transmitted with the EM waves W to ensure that each OAM mode is correctly discriminated when it is received by suitable receiving means 40.
  • the synchronization sequences SYNC convey information on characteristic quantities with which transmitting means 20 are operated for generating and transmitting the OAM modes.
  • the above step of associating said synchronization sequences SYNC is advantageously repeated at predefined time intervals.
  • This solution is quite useful particularly in case mobile transmitting/receiving devices are adopted for transmitting/receiving the OAM modes.
  • the method comprises the step of transmitting the EM waves W, so that the control and data signals Sc, S D are simultaneously transmitted through the transmission of the OAM modes to which they are associated.
  • the method allows transmitting the control and data signals Sc, S D with said EM waves while implementing a coding of said signals during the transmission process.
  • the method comprises the step of receiving the EM waves W that are structured with OAM modes.
  • the data and control signals S D , S C associated to the EM waves W are simultaneously received through the reception of said EM waves, i.e. of the OAM modes to which they are associated.
  • the method advantageously provides for the identification of the data and control signals S D , S C received through the reception of the OAM modes.
  • the method thus comprises also the step of decoding the control and data signals Sc, S D received through the reception of the EM waves W.
  • the method preferably comprises the step of discriminating the received OAM modes, on the base of the synchronization sequences SYNC associated to each of said OAM modes.
  • antennas arrays can be considered, which is dedicated to a point-to point transmission and reception of radio signals.
  • the transmission, propagation and reception are preferably directed along one specific direction with confined lobes.
  • control and data signals So S D , and synchronization SYNC will occur in the same way as described above.
  • the invention relates also to a telecommunication apparatus 1.
  • the telecommunication apparatus 1 comprises transmitting means 20 for generating the EM waves W that are structured with OAM modes.
  • the transmitting means 20 comprise one or more transmitting devices 21 that may be of various types.
  • the transmitting devices 21 may comprise reflector antennas shaped to generate the OAM modes thanks to their shape.
  • the transmitting means 20 comprise an array of transmitting antennas 21.
  • the number N of transmitting antennas 21 limits the maximum quantum number Lt of the OAM modes that can be transmitted, including right-handed and left-handed OAM modes. Only OAM modes having a quantum number sweeping, according to a discrete spectrum, the range from -Lt to Lt, can be transmitted.
  • At least N 2Lt +1 transmitting antennas 21 are needed to transmit a spectrum of OAM modes varying between -Lt to Lt.
  • the transmission means 20 preferably comprise an odd number of transmitting antennas 21, differently from the solutions of the state of art.
  • the transmitting means 20 preferably comprises feeding means 22 for providing the transmitting antennas 21 with feeding current signals I F .
  • the feeding means 22 may comprise electronic means, which are operatively associated with the transmitting antennas 21 for properly feeding these latter.
  • Said electronic means may be of the analog or digital type, according to the needs.
  • the feeding means 22 comprise phase controlling means 221 for controlling the phase of the feedings signals I F for the different transmitting antennas 21 and amplitude controlling means 222 for controlling the amplitude of the feedings signals I F for the different transmitting antennas 21.
  • the feeding means 22 feed the transmitting antennas 21 so that these latter are phase shifted one from another and are fed by feeding signals I F , which have a phase shift ⁇ that is determined for obtaining a spatial distribution of the phase that is proper of the OAM modes to be transmitted.
  • phase shift ⁇ can be described by Laguerre-Gauss modes.
  • the transmitting antennas 21 (for an arbitrary distribution) can be suitably fed with varying currents IF in time to generate a far EM field through a superposition of radiating modes that have angular frequency G) and that are endowed with a specific OAM value I .
  • I describes the number of twists of the helical wavefront (OAM mode).
  • Each of the transmitting antennas 21 according to Stratton, Panofsky-Phillips and Jefimenko equations generate OAM states in the far zone with the same intensity decay as the linear momentum.
  • the generated EM field can be decomposed into a general discrete superposition that, at a given ⁇ , is given by the relation:
  • the feeding means 22 may determine the phase for operating the transmitting antennas 21 by means of suitable calculating procedures.
  • Each OAM state I of the EM waves W can be identified by the phase shifts through which the transmitting antennas 21 are operated.
  • the transmitting antennas 21 may be arranged to any spatial distribution, according to the needs.
  • the transmitting antennas 21 are arranged along a curve CQ of planar type, such as a quadratic curve, e.g. a parabola, a hyperbola, an ellipse or a circle.
  • a quadratic curve e.g. a parabola, a hyperbola, an ellipse or a circle.
  • each of the transmitting antennas 21 may preferably comprise three transmitting dipoles that are orthogonally arranged one respect to the others.
  • a first and a second transmitting dipole 21 A, 2 IB are arranged respectively according to a tangential and a radial direction with respect to the curve C Q and a third transmitting dipole 21C is arranged perpendicularly with respect to the plane comprising the curve C Q .
  • the transmitting antennas 21 are arranged along a circle C and are equally spaced one from another.
  • each transmitting antenna 21 has preferably three dipoles oriented according to mutually perpendicular directions.
  • the antennas 21 are fed with feeding signals I F having a single carrier frequency.
  • the feeding means 22 provide each transmitting antenna 21 with feeding signals I F that are phase shifted one another.
  • phase delay ⁇ can be suitably calculated and implemented by the phase controlling means 221.
  • Each transmitting antenna 21 generates an EM field that is phase shifted with respect to the EM fields generated by the other transmitting antennas 21.
  • the convolution of the superimposed EM fields generates an EM wave W having an OAM mode with a helically shaped wavefront, which is propagated along the plane orthogonal to the antennas.
  • the EM wave W is radially spread with a phase shift that depends on the azimuthal angle, so as to create a phase oscillation of the spatial type on a generic plane (thus not only over time).
  • the overall phase oscillation over an azimuthal angle of 360° must be a positive or negative integer multiple of 360°.
  • the amplitude controlling means 222 may regulate the amplitude of the feeding signals I F (i.e. the feeding currents) to the mutually orthogonal dipoles 21A, 21B, 21C, so that the overall EM field that is generated by the dipoles may have a constant intensity on a surface that is topologically equivalent to a toroid.
  • a radiation diagram can be oriented with the toroid axis in the direction orthogonal to the plane on which the dipoles are arranged.
  • the lobes of the radiation diagrams are preferentially distributed over the full azimuthal angle, with zenithal angles mainly between +30° and -70° .
  • the lobes of the radiation diagrams are preferentially elongated in paraxial directions.
  • phase of said EM field for each OAM mode varies linearly along the azimuth and the overall variation of the phase is equal to 2n ⁇ l ⁇ , where ⁇ t ⁇ is the absolute value of the quantum number of the generated OAM mode.
  • EM fields with a given phase form a concentric vortex with the circle C.
  • the number of arms of the phase distribution of said vortex is equal to the absolute value of the quantum number 111 of the generated OAM mode.
  • the arms of said vortex are left-handed or right-handed, depending on the sign of the vorticity state i .
  • the EM field is thus radially transmitted with equal intensity but with phase that depends on the azimuthal angle.
  • phase variation ⁇ for each azimuth angle ⁇ is given by the quantum number I of the single OAM mode, according to the following relation:
  • Each OAM mode is identified by the phase shift ⁇ between a transmitting antenna and the following one. Preferentially, such quantity can be transmitted by means of the control signals SYNC in order to provide information about the OAM modes.
  • the transmitting antennas 21 may be arranged along a straight line.
  • the transmitting antennas 21 may form a linear array.
  • such an array In order to generate a non- vanishing OAM, such an array must not be a uniform one.
  • the feeding means 22 provide the transmitting antennas 21 with feeding signals I F having a phase shift and amplitude that are not constant but depend on the position of the antennas 21 along the straight line.
  • each of the transmitting devices 21 comprises a first phase mask 216 operatively associated to a corresponding transmitting element 217.
  • the transmitting element 217 which works as a transmitting antenna, radiates an EM field E towards the phase mask 217.
  • the phase mask 217 is helically shaped to suitably propagate an OAM mode Ml .
  • the propagation of the OAM mode Ml may occur by reflection or transmission of the EM field E, according to the configuration of the surface of the phase mask 217, which receives the EM field E.
  • phase mask 217 is of the reflective type (figure 4A), it is helically shaped according to a helical step that is given by the following relation:
  • ⁇ is the carrying wavelength of the transmitted OAM mode Ml .
  • phase mask 217 is of the transmission type (figure 4B), it is helically shaped according to a helical step that is given by the following relation:
  • ⁇ is the carrying wavelength and ⁇ is the variation of the refraction index in the phase mask 217.
  • the generated OAM mode Ml may have left-handed or right-handed vorticity depending on the direction of the helical shape of the phase mask 217.
  • each transmitting device 21 is arranged to provide a specific OAM mode.
  • the transmitted EM wave W results from the superimposition of the OAM modes generated by one or more transmitting devices 21.
  • each transmitting device 21 is properly fed by the feeding means 22 that supply the feeding signals I F to the transmitting elements 217.
  • the phase controlling means 221 and the amplitude controlling means 222 respectively regulate the phase and the amplitude of the feedings signals I F for the different transmitting devices 21.
  • the transmitting devices 21 are operatively associated to an anamorphic reflector 219.
  • the transmitting devices 21 generate the EM waves W structured with one or more OAM modes according to a first direction that is substantially perpendicular to the plane P on which said transmitting devices are arranged.
  • the reflector 219 reflects the EM waves W, which come from the transmitting devices 21, according to a desired second direction, which is preferably substantially perpendicular to said first direction and parallel to the plane P.
  • the profile of the external surface of the reflector 21 may not have an axial symmetry, as shown in figure 5, and it may be advantageously shaped according to the possibility of generating directional lobes in specific azimuthal direction, for example for point-to point purposes or to better cover areas in the case of broadcasting.
  • the reflector 219 is thus capable of deflecting the radiation lobes of the transmitting devices 21 by reflecting the EM waves W received from these latter.
  • the reflector 219 is advantageously capable of directing the EM waves W along a horizontal plane parallel to the plane P, with remarkable advantages in broadcasting the OAM modes in a region around the transmitting devices 21.
  • the transmission means 20 can be characterised by a very broad band.
  • the electronic circuitry of these latter may be replaced by a fibre-optic network, which can be designed according to known microwave photonics technologies.
  • the transmission apparatus 1 comprises encoding means 30 for encoding one or more control signals Sc and data signals S D associated to the EM waves W.
  • encoding means 30 for encoding one or more control signals Sc and data signals S D associated to the EM waves W.
  • a channel for transmitting and receiving information is associated to each of the OAM modes of the EM waves W.
  • the encoding means 30 advantageously associate each of the control signals Sc to a corresponding OAM mode.
  • the encoding means 30 advantageously associate one-to-one each of the data signals S D to a corresponding OAM mode.
  • the encoding means 30 are operatively associated to the transmitting means 20, so that the control signals Sc and the data signals S D are simultaneously transmitted through the transmission of the EM waves W.
  • the encoding means 30 comprise modulating means 301 that are operatively associated to the feeding means 20 to modulate the feeding signals I F for feeding the transmitting antennas 21.
  • the modulating means 301 may comprise any electronic device capable of modulating the feeding signals I F , according to the needs, e.g. by performing a phase and/or amplitude and/or frequency modulation of these latter, of the analog or digital type.
  • the telecommunication apparatus 1 comprises first synchronization means 35 (e.g. an electronic circuit of the digital or analog type) for generating the synchronization sequences SYNC that are associated to each of the OAM modes.
  • first synchronization means 35 e.g. an electronic circuit of the digital or analog type
  • the synchronization means 35 are operatively associated to the modulating means 301.
  • each of the synchronization sequences SYNC is indicative of a specific OAM mode. They may be considered as particular control signals Sc that convey information on the phase shift ⁇ with which the transmitting antennas 21 are operated.
  • the transmission apparatus 1 may comprise receiving means 40 for receiving the EM waves W structured with OAM modes.
  • the control signals Sc and the data signals S D are simultaneously received by the receiving means 40 through the reception of the EM waves W.
  • the receiving means 40 comprise one or more receiving devices 41.
  • a group of M receiving devices 41 can locally sample the received EM field and reconstruct it through a superimposition of appropriate signals.
  • the received EM field may be given by the reconstruction quantity R, according to the following relation:
  • the number M of receiving antennas 41 limits the maximum quantum number of OAM modes that can be received including right-handed or left-handed OAM modes, preserving, as much as possible, the orthogonality between the OAM modes. Only OAM modes having a quantum number £ sweeping, according to a discrete spectrum, the range [-Lr, Lr], can be discriminated.
  • the number M of receiving antennas 41 may coincide with the number of transmitting antennas 21.
  • the receiving antennas 41 are of the dipole type and they may be linearly distributed along one or more straight lines.
  • Receiving antennas 41 having three receiving dipoles oriented along three mutually orthogonal directions allow determining the direction of the EM field even in case they are in relative motion with respect to the transmitting means 20.
  • the receiving antennas 41 provide receiving signals I R generated by the received OAM modes.
  • each of the receiving devices 41 comprises a second phase mask operatively associated to a corresponding receiving element.
  • Such embodiment will be useful both for broadcasting as well as for point-to-point transmission and reception of radio signals.
  • the receiving devices 41 have a structure that is similar to the transmitting structures shown in figures 4A, 4B, even if they work in a reverse manner.
  • the second phase mask is illuminated by the EM waves W received from the transmitting devices 21.
  • the phase mask is helically shaped to properly reflect or transmit only a specific OAM mode towards the associated receiving element that works as a receiving antenna.
  • the receiving elements 41 provide receiving signals I R generated by the received OAM modes.
  • the transmission apparatus 1 comprises decoding means 50 that are operatively associated to the receiving means 40 for decoding one or more control signals Sc and one or more data signals S D received through the reception of the EM waves W.
  • the decoding means 50 comprise demodulating means 501 that are operatively associated to the receiving means 50 to obtain the control signals Sc and the data signals S D from the received EM waves W.
  • the demodulating means 501 comprise an electronic device (analog or digital) capable of demodulating the receiving signals I R (current signals) provided by the receiving devices 41.
  • the telecommunication apparatus 1 comprises second synchronization means 55 (e.g. an electronic circuit of the digital or analog type) for discriminating the OAM states received by the receiving devices 41 for any relative position with respect to the transmitting devices 21.
  • second synchronization means 55 e.g. an electronic circuit of the digital or analog type
  • the overall phase shift ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ between the receiving devices 41 is determined by the second synchronization means 55 thanks to the synchronization sequences SYNC.
  • the synchronization sequences SYNC are received by the receiving devices 41 through the reception of the OAM modes.
  • the synchronization sequences SYNC are indicative of the specific OAM modes. In other words, they convey information on the phase shift ⁇ with which the transmitting antennas 21 have been operated.
  • the synchronization sequences SYNC are preferably transmitted at predefined time intervals that are known by the first and second synchronization means 35, 55.
  • the synchronization means 55 can determine the positioning phase shift ⁇
  • the synchronization means 55 are thus capable of reconstructing the correct phase shift ⁇ between the receiving devices 41.
  • the received OAM modes can thus be correctly identified by sampling the received EM field at the positions of the receiving devices 41.
  • the control signals Sc and the data signals S D which are simultaneously received with the OAM modes, can be obtained by the demodulating means 501.
  • the telecommunication method and apparatus, according to the invention allow obtaining relevant advantages with respect to the solutions of the state of the art.
  • the telecommunication method and apparatus, according to the invention are particularly suitable for a broadcasting transmission and reception of radio signals.
  • the telecommunication method and apparatus are capable of simultaneously generating and transmitting independent OAM modes that can be separately received by many independent broadcasting receivers.
  • the telecommunication method and apparatus may be conveniently adopted also for implementing a point-to-point transmission and reception of radio signals.
  • OAM modes may be generated and transmitted for many carrying frequencies, on a large frequency band, without interference among frequencies or among OAM modes related to different carrying frequencies.
  • the telecommunication method and apparatus, according to the invention thus allow adding a new degree of freedom in the process of signal multiplexing, in all kinds of radio systems.
  • the telecommunication method and apparatus, according to the invention are of particularly easy and low cost industrial realization and practical implementation, at radio frequencies.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de télécommunication et un appareil d'émission et/ou de réception d'ondes électromagnétiques (EM). Les ondes EM sont structurées avec une pluralité de modes OAM, lesdites ondes EM présentant la même fréquence porteuse et un ou deux états de polarisation orthogonale. Un ou plusieurs signaux de commande et signaux de données associés auxdites ondes EM sont codés, de sorte qu'un canal d'émission et de réception d'informations est associé à chacun desdits modes OAM. Lesdits signaux de commande sont chacun associés à un mode OAM correspondant desdites ondes EM, tandis que lesdits signaux de données sont chacun associés « un à un » à un mode OAM correspondant desdites ondes EM. Lesdits signaux de commande et lesdits signaux de données sont émis simultanément par l'intermédiaire de l'émission desdites ondes EM et sont reçus simultanément par l'intermédiaire de la réception desdites ondes EM. Lesdits signaux de commande et lesdits signaux de données sont ensuite décodés.
PCT/EP2012/062004 2011-06-24 2012-06-21 Procédé de télécommunication et appareil utilisant l'émission et la réception d'ondes électromagnétiques WO2012175629A1 (fr)

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CN103474777A (zh) * 2013-09-22 2013-12-25 浙江大学 基于金属环形腔的产生射频oam的环形行波天线
WO2014104911A1 (fr) * 2012-12-26 2014-07-03 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd Procédé et appareil de génération de faisceaux électromagnétiques
WO2014130146A1 (fr) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-28 Apple Inc. Transport de données dans des dispositifs électroniques portatifs
WO2014170869A1 (fr) 2013-04-19 2014-10-23 Twist Off S.R.L. Procédé pour générer un faisceau de micro-ondes ou d'ondes électromagnétiques rf qui présente une quantité de mouvement angulaire orbital non nulle et une distribution d'intensité concentrée dans une région angulaire limitée
CN104683021A (zh) * 2015-03-19 2015-06-03 颜罡 Oam电磁波传输装置及方法
US20150357710A1 (en) * 2014-06-04 2015-12-10 Fujitsu Limited Antenna apparatus and antenna direction control method
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EP3343698A4 (fr) * 2015-10-01 2018-08-29 Nec Corporation Antenne d'émission de signaux sans fil, antenne de réception de signaux sans fil, système d'émission/de réception de signaux sans fil, procédé d'émission de signaux sans fil et procédé de réception de signaux sans fil
US10224641B2 (en) 2015-04-03 2019-03-05 Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Systems and methods for transmission and reception of radio waves in a focal plane antenna array
US10673511B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2020-06-02 Nec Corporation Wireless signal transmitting antenna, wireless signal receiving antenna, wireless signal transmitting system, wireless signal transmitting method, and wireless signal receiving method
CN112235019A (zh) * 2020-09-28 2021-01-15 西安理工大学 一种基于涡旋电磁波技术的无线加密绿色传输系统
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WO2014130146A1 (fr) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-28 Apple Inc. Transport de données dans des dispositifs électroniques portatifs
US9118356B2 (en) 2013-02-19 2015-08-25 Apple Inc. Data transport in portable electronic devices
WO2014170869A1 (fr) 2013-04-19 2014-10-23 Twist Off S.R.L. Procédé pour générer un faisceau de micro-ondes ou d'ondes électromagnétiques rf qui présente une quantité de mouvement angulaire orbital non nulle et une distribution d'intensité concentrée dans une région angulaire limitée
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US20170062910A1 (en) * 2014-04-17 2017-03-02 Sony Corporation Wireless communication device and wireless communication system
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WO2022193044A1 (fr) * 2021-03-15 2022-09-22 Qualcomm Incorporated Détermination de mode de moment cinétique orbital avec cercle de réception partiel

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