WO2012174827A1 - 一种柔性直流输电系统的物理实时动态模拟装置 - Google Patents
一种柔性直流输电系统的物理实时动态模拟装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012174827A1 WO2012174827A1 PCT/CN2011/083126 CN2011083126W WO2012174827A1 WO 2012174827 A1 WO2012174827 A1 WO 2012174827A1 CN 2011083126 W CN2011083126 W CN 2011083126W WO 2012174827 A1 WO2012174827 A1 WO 2012174827A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/2832—Specific tests of electronic circuits not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/2836—Fault-finding or characterising
- G01R31/2846—Fault-finding or characterising using hard- or software simulation or using knowledge-based systems, e.g. expert systems, artificial intelligence or interactive algorithms
- G01R31/2848—Fault-finding or characterising using hard- or software simulation or using knowledge-based systems, e.g. expert systems, artificial intelligence or interactive algorithms using simulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of direct current transmission, and particularly relates to a physical real-time dynamic simulation device of a flexible direct current transmission system.
- Flexible DC transmission is a new transmission method using DC as the medium. It adopts voltage source converter based on turn-off device and advanced modulation technology for DC transmission. It can supply power to islands without commutation failure. It does not require reactive power compensation, and can flexibly control the output of active and reactive power. It is also a useful supplement to the AC grid. It can improve the transmission capacity and stability of existing AC transmission systems while achieving power transmission. There are AC transmission systems that are used more efficiently.
- the modular multilevel converter consists of a series of submodules consisting of a bypass switch, a thyristor, an IGBT, a diode and a capacitor.
- the country's first MMC-HVDC project is about to be put into operation at Shanghai Nanhui Wind Farm.
- the number of the converter valve is basically below 15 levels, and the volume is high and the voltage is high, and the RTDS can only be tested offline. Summary of the invention:
- an object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic simulation device capable of accurately simulating an MMC-HVDC system having a capacity of 20-100 MVA and a different voltage level.
- the invention provides a physical real-time dynamic simulation device for a flexible direct current transmission system, which is improved in that the device comprises an analog converter transformer, an analog alternating current field, an analog direct current field, an analog commutating reactor, and an analog converter. , measuring the chassis and controlling the chassis;
- the analog AC field includes a switch I, a contactor I, a resistor and a switch II connected in sequence;
- the analog DC field includes a switch III and a contactor II connected in sequence;
- the analog AC field is connected to the measurement chassis and the Control the chassis;
- the connected analog commutating reactor and the analog converter are disposed between the switch II and the switch III.
- the apparatus of the first preferred embodiment provided by the present invention is improved in that the measuring chassis includes analog measuring The board, the signal conditioning board, the digital input and output board, the central processing board, the display device and the recording device; the analog acquisition board collects the corresponding analog quantity and the switch quantity, and outputs the control signal through the switch quantity output interface to realize all levels Contact/close operation of the contactor.
- control chassis includes a central processing board, a fiber optic communication board, and a power board;
- the central processing board includes a DSP, an FPGA processor, and a level shifting circuit.
- the control chassis is configured to connect the tested system, and transmit current, voltage, and the like signals of the tested system to the upper layer control protection system through the communication channel.
- the upper control protection system may be a valve-based electronic controller or a control protection system.
- the apparatus of the third preferred embodiment provided by the present invention is improved in that the analog converter is in the form of a three-phase full bridge, and each phase has two upper and lower commutating bridge arms, each of which has a plurality of equal ratios
- the reduced modular multilevel converter submodule boards are composed in series.
- the apparatus of the fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention is improved in that the converter transformer is a three-phase YD-connected two-winding transformer with a tap.
- the apparatus of the fifth preferred embodiment provided by the present invention is improved in that the commutating reactor is a three-phase low-loss high-quality factor dry reactor, two phases per phase, and the reactance values are the same; two of each phase
- the reactor is short-circuited near the transformer side, connected to the transformer converter valve side through the AC field switch II, and the other ends are respectively connected to the upper and lower arms of the phase of the converter valve.
- the apparatus of the sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention is improved in that the contactor III is disposed in parallel with the resistor.
- the apparatus of the seventh preferred embodiment provided by the present invention is improved in that the converter transformer is a non-standard ratio, and the capacity ratio of the movable mode device and the transformer ratio are selected according to the simulated system, and the formula is:
- the apparatus of the eighth preferred embodiment provided by the present invention is improved in that the commutating reactor is not only designed according to the actual engineering impedance ratio, but also can limit the transient and fault current overshoot, current and impedance of the analog device.
- the simulation ratio is: Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
- the invention can accurately simulate a flexible direct current transmission system (MMC-HVDC) based on a modular multi-level converter with a capacity of 20-100 MVA and different voltage levels, and can accurately understand the operating characteristics of the MMC-HVDC and the dynamics of the control system commands. response.
- MMC-HVDC flexible direct current transmission system
- the inverter of the invention has a modular design and compact structure, and is convenient for heat dissipation and debugging.
- the bridge arm of the present invention adopts a negative resistance series anti-compensation, which can greatly reduce the ratio of the on-resistance of the low-voltage device to its working voltage, and is close to the actual engineering.
- the controller of the sub-module of the present invention does not require a high-level energy-sinking circuit, and directly adopts a low-voltage energy-sending mode, so that the capacitance energy in the low-voltage sub-module is not excessively consumed in the controller, and is close to the actual engineering.
- 1 is a schematic diagram of a main circuit structure and a sensor configuration diagram of a dynamic simulation test apparatus provided by the present invention.
- 2 is a wiring diagram of a dynamic test device and a control system PCP and a valve-based electronic controller combined test VBC provided by the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a main circuit and a sensor configuration diagram of the present embodiment.
- the analog DC field includes the vacuum switch III and the contactor II connected in sequence; the analog AC field is connected to the measurement chassis and the control chassis; the converter transformer is set between the resistor and the vacuum switch II; the connection between the vacuum switch II and the vacuum switch III is set The analog commutating reactor and the analog converter; and the contactor III is placed in parallel with the resistor.
- This embodiment uses a resistor and an adjustable reactor to simulate an engineering DC line.
- the converter transformer is a three-phase YD-connected two-winding transformer with taps, which is a non-standard ratio.
- the primary voltage of the converter transformer is 220 ⁇ 600V, and the secondary side voltage ranges from 90V to 300V depending on the tap. According to the simulated system Selecting the capacity ratio of the moving device and the transformer ratio, the two analog ratios are relatively independent:
- the commutating reactor is a three-phase low-loss high-quality factor dry reactor, two phases per phase, and the same reactance values are respectively the upper-side bridge commutating reactor and the lower-arm commutating reactor.
- the two reactors of each phase are close to the short-circuit of the transformer side, connected to the converter valve side through the AC field switch, and the two ends are respectively connected to the upper and lower arms of the phase of the converter valve.
- the commutating reactor is not only designed according to the actual engineering impedance ratio, but also can limit the transient and fault current overshoot of the analog device.
- the current and impedance analog ratio is:
- the contactor is a low-voltage AC contactor, which is an important protection switch and a device for input and exit between different subsystems.
- the analog contactor can accept commands to control the protection system, and the status is collected by the measurement chassis;
- the MMC converter is a three-phase full-bridge form. Each phase has two upper and lower commutating bridge arms. Each bridge arm is composed of a plurality of equal-reduced MMC sub-module boards connected in series.
- the electronic controller on the bridge arm sub-module receives the command from the superior control system through the optical fiber, and performs the switching control of the capacitance in the sub-module, and can modulate the 100V-600V sine at the AC outlet of the inverter. Step wave; Inverter
- Each bridge arm includes 30-100 sub-modules. Each sub-module consists of a main circuit and an electronic controller.
- the electronic controller is mainly composed of a digital control device, a driving circuit, a sub-module voltage sampling circuit, a communication interface, and a power module.
- the main circuit structure is: 1) two series connected MOS tubes with anti-parallel diodes, the emitter of the upper tube is connected to the collector of the lower tube; 2) electrolytic capacitor, the positive pole is connected to the collector of the tube, and the anode is connected to the emitter of the lower tube 3) A grading resistor in parallel with the capacitor. When the capacitor is applied to the bridge arm, the resistor is used to equalize the module voltage; 4) Bypass relay and thyristor.
- each bridge arm has 2-5 chassis, the chassis is standard size, and accommodates 5-30 sub-modules and controllers.
- the submodule is integrated in the chassis, and the main circuit is completed through the chassis backplane bus, and the measuring points are taken out by the backplane. Since the operating voltage of the analog device sub-module is low, the entire valve is relatively low, so the controller of the sub-module does not need a high-level energy-carrying circuit, and the low-voltage energy-sending mode is directly adopted, and the power-supply power circuit is also completed through the chassis backplane.
- the measuring chassis includes an analog acquisition board, a signal conditioning board, a digital input and output board, a central processing board, a display and a recording device.
- the part realizes the collection of each analog quantity and the switching quantity, and outputs a control signal through the switch output interface. Break/close operation of circuit breakers at all levels.
- the current quantity of the dynamic simulation device is collected by a current sensor and a signal
- the set of plates is used to collect and encode the primary/secondary current, the current of the six bridge arms, and the positive and negative DC bus currents.
- the characteristic is that the control current signal and the protection current collecting channel are separated, the sensor range and accuracy. different.
- the voltage amount acquisition is similar.
- the control chassis consists of two central processing boards (which are hot spares, mainly composed of DSP, FPGA processor, level conversion circuit and communication channel), two fiber-optic communication boards, and power boards.
- the measurement and control chassis features are: 1) When the analog device does not test the PCP, as a station-level control system of the analog device, the control protection algorithm and strategy are executed. 2) When used to verify VBC and PCP in actual engineering, control the chassis as a processing part of analog and digital.
- Figure 2 shows the dynamic simulation device in the dotted line frame, and the rest includes the valve-based electronic controller VBC and the control protection system PCP.
- the dynamic simulation device is connected to the two tested AC terminal panel cabinets respectively and connected to the control protection system respectively.
- the dynamic simulation device Communication with fiber optic and high and low potential isolation between VBC/PCP is the same as actual engineering.
- the primary voltage of the converter transformer is regulated to 250V by a voltage regulator, and the secondary side voltage ranges from 120V to 300V depending on the tap.
- the ratio of capacity to transformer voltage is chosen as:
- the current and impedance analog ratios are selected as follows:
- the MMC converter used in the unit includes 30-100 sub-modules and is adjustable.
- the information exchange between the sub-module and the VBC includes: receiving the sub-module action command delivered by the VBC and uploading the fault information and working status of the sub-module itself.
- the communication protocol between the VCB and the bridge arm submodule is: 1) Physical layer.
- the 62.5/120um multimode fiber is used, the transmitter is HFBR-141, and the receiver is HFBR-2416.
- a full duplex channel is formed by two fiber lines.
- the communication is performed by asynchronous serial mode, and the coding mode is unipolar non-return to zero code.
- the frame format is: Frame start data field check bit frame end frame start one bit logic 1; check bit one odd check (no retransmission mechanism); frame end one bit logic 0.
- the AC and DC field circuit breakers of the analog DC transmission system are powered by DC 100V, and the operation time is 30-50ms.
- the 5A vacuum switch is used to realize the knife gate and short circuit fault, and also has overcurrent protection.
- the adjustable DC line and the reactor are used to simulate the engineering DC line.
- the 30kV DC line with a unit length inductance of about 0.77mH is simulated with a 0.21mH inductor.
- the DC line resistance is 0.13 ⁇ .
- the main circuit current of the analog device used for control calculation is collected by a sensor with a range of 2-3 , to ensure accuracy; the current sensor range for protection is 15 ⁇ .
- the MMC inverter is placed in a standard cabinet.
- the cabinet size is 80cm*80 C m*2260cm.
- the sub-modules of one bridge arm are integrated in the same cabinet.
- the main circuit is connected through the chassis backplane bus, and multiple measuring points are drawn on the backplane.
- the semiconductor switch trigger pulse, power supply voltage, capacitor voltage, etc. of the sub-module can be monitored in real time. Since the entire valve is relatively low, the bridge arm sensor and sub-module control circuit adopts direct energy-sending mode and is powered by a 1000V DC regulated power supply.
- the negative impedance compensator parameters of the series-in bridge arms are adjusted according to the actual sub-module level and voltage balancing strategy to offset the voltage drop of the partial bridge arm semiconductor device.
- the submodule voltage is detected by the electronic controller on the submodule, encoded and sent to the valve-based electronics via fiber optics.
- Figure 3 is a waveform diagram of a DC-connected single-pole ground fault of a dynamic simulation test device.
- the first waveform in the figure is the AC three-phase current waveform of the converter
- UDN/UDP is the DC positive and negative ground voltage
- IDN/IDP is the DC positive and negative current
- UACY is the analog converter AC outlet voltage
- DCBVP_TR To simulate a DC breaker trigger waveform.
- the DC voltage is set to 60kV equivalent.
- the DC negative bus single pole ground fault occurs at 0.48s, UDN becomes ground potential, UDP rises to the whole DC voltage 60kV, AC current oscillates, and IDN severe overcurrent to release the line.
- the simulation test device is completely similar to the dynamic process and protection action characteristics of the actual project.
- Embodiment 2 This embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, but the difference is:
- a series negative-impedance compensator cancels the voltage drop of part of the bridge arm semiconductor device.
- the compensation characteristics of the compensator are directly derived from the bridge arm current direction and voltage balance control strategy.
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US14/129,056 US9659114B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2011-11-29 | Real time dynamic physics simulation device of flexible DC transmission system |
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CN201110171890.9A CN102313850B (zh) | 2011-06-24 | 2011-06-24 | 一种柔性直流输电系统的物理实时动态模拟装置 |
CN201110171890.9 | 2011-06-24 |
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US9659114B2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
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