WO2012172829A1 - Assembled cell - Google Patents

Assembled cell Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012172829A1
WO2012172829A1 PCT/JP2012/053918 JP2012053918W WO2012172829A1 WO 2012172829 A1 WO2012172829 A1 WO 2012172829A1 JP 2012053918 W JP2012053918 W JP 2012053918W WO 2012172829 A1 WO2012172829 A1 WO 2012172829A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit cell
assembled battery
plate
predetermined temperature
battery according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/053918
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
洋介 空
Original Assignee
日産自動車株式会社
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 日産自動車株式会社 filed Critical 日産自動車株式会社
Publication of WO2012172829A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012172829A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an assembled battery in which a plurality of unit cells are stacked.
  • the square batteries are separated from each other by the heat insulating member even in a normal state where the square batteries are not heated abnormally due to overcharge or the like. Therefore, there has been a problem that the assembled battery is increased in size.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such problems of the conventional technology. And the objective is to provide the assembled battery which can achieve size reduction, suppressing the heat transfer between single cells.
  • An assembled battery according to an aspect of the present invention is provided between a plurality of flat unit cells stacked on each other and a plurality of unit cells, and when at least one of the plurality of unit cells reaches a predetermined temperature or higher, a predetermined temperature
  • a separation device for separating the unit cell and the other unit cell from each other is provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a modification of the unit cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled battery showing the operation of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery showing a first modification of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery showing a second modification of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery showing a third modification of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery showing a fourth modification of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a fifth modification of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery showing a sixth modification of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a plan view of a cooling plate according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a high temperature region of the unit cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a plan view showing a high temperature region in a modification of the unit cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled battery showing the operation of the cooling plate according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the single battery according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a modification of the single battery according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.
  • the assembled battery 1 includes a single battery 2, a cooling plate 3, and a module can 4.
  • the unit cell 2 is a flat type battery.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery can be mentioned, for example.
  • the single battery 2 (lithium ion secondary battery) according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.
  • the unit cell 2 includes three positive plates 201, five separators 202, three negative plates 203, a positive electrode tab 204, a negative electrode tab 205, and an upper exterior member 206. And a lower exterior member 207 and an electrolyte (not shown).
  • the positive electrode plate 201, the separator 202, the negative electrode plate 203, and the electrolyte are particularly referred to as a power generation element 208.
  • the positive electrode plate 201 of the power generation element 208 has a positive electrode current collector 201 a extending to the positive electrode tab 204. Furthermore, the positive electrode plate 201 has positive electrode layers 201b and 201c formed on both main surfaces of a part of the positive electrode side current collector 201a.
  • the positive electrode side collector 201a is comprised with the electrochemically stable metal foil, such as aluminum foil, aluminum alloy foil, copper foil, or nickel foil, for example.
  • the positive electrode layers 201b and 201c contain a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent such as carbon black, and an adhesive such as an aqueous dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the positive electrode layers 201b and 201c are formed by applying a mixture of a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and an adhesive to both main surfaces of the positive electrode side current collector 201a, and drying and rolling. Yes.
  • the positive electrode active material examples include lithium composite oxides such as lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMnO 2 ), and lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), and lithium chalcogens (S, Se, Te). And the like.
  • the negative electrode plate 203 of the power generation element 208 has a negative electrode side current collector 203 a extending to the negative electrode tab 205. Further, the negative electrode plate 203 has negative electrode layers 203b and 203c formed on both main surfaces of a part of the negative electrode side current collector 203a.
  • the negative electrode side current collector 203a is made of, for example, an electrochemically stable metal foil such as nickel foil, copper foil, stainless steel foil, or iron foil.
  • the negative electrode layers 203b and 203c contain a negative electrode active material that occludes and releases lithium ions of the positive electrode active material, and a binder such as an acrylic resin emulsion.
  • the negative electrode layer is formed by mixing an aqueous dispersion of a styrene butadiene rubber resin powder, which is a precursor of an organic fired body, with the negative electrode active material, drying, and then pulverizing the styrene butadiene carbonized on the carbon particle surfaces.
  • the main material is a rubber support.
  • the negative electrode layers 203b and 203c are formed by apply
  • Examples of the negative electrode active material include amorphous carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, and graphite.
  • amorphous carbon or non-graphitizable carbon is used as the negative electrode active material, the flatness of the potential during charge / discharge is poor, and the output voltage decreases with the amount of discharge. Therefore, amorphous carbon and non-graphitizable carbon are unsuitable for power supplies for communication equipment and office equipment, but are advantageous because there is no sudden drop in power output for electric vehicles.
  • the separator 202 of the power generation element 208 prevents a short circuit between the positive electrode plate 201 and the negative electrode plate 203, and may have a function of holding an electrolyte.
  • the separator 202 is preferably a microporous membrane made of polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP).
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • the separator 202 is not limited to a single-layer film such as polyolefin, but a three-layer structure in which a polypropylene film is sandwiched between polyethylene films, or a laminate of a polyolefin microporous film and an organic nonwoven fabric or the like. It can also be used. Thus, by forming the separator 202 in multiple layers, an overcurrent prevention function, an electrolyte holding function, a shape maintaining (stiffness improvement) function of the separator 202, and the like can be provided.
  • the positive electrode plate 201 and the negative electrode plate 203 are alternately stacked via the separator 202.
  • the three positive plates 201 are respectively connected to the positive tab 204 made of metal foil via the positive current collector 201a.
  • the three negative plates 203 are connected to a negative electrode tab 205 made of metal foil via a negative current collector 203a.
  • the positive electrode plate 201, the separator 202, and the negative electrode plate 203 of the power generation element 208 are not limited to the above number.
  • the power generation element can be constituted by one positive electrode plate, three separators, and one negative electrode plate, and the number of positive electrode plates, separators, and negative electrode plates can be selected as necessary.
  • the material constituting the positive electrode tab 204 and the negative electrode tab 205 is not particularly limited as long as it is an electrochemically stable metal material.
  • the positive electrode tab 204 can be made of an aluminum foil, an aluminum alloy foil, a copper foil, a nickel foil, or the like, similar to the positive electrode side current collector 201a described above.
  • the negative electrode tab 205 can be formed of nickel foil, copper foil, stainless steel foil, iron foil, or the like, similar to the negative electrode current collector 203a described above.
  • the metal foil itself constituting the current collectors 201a and 203a of the positive electrode plate 201 and the negative electrode plate 203 is extended to the positive electrode tab 204 and the negative electrode tab 205, thereby making the positive electrode plate 201 and the negative electrode plate 203 the positive electrode.
  • the tab 204 and the negative electrode tab 205 are directly connected.
  • the current collectors 201a and 203a of the positive electrode plate 201 and the negative electrode plate 203 and the positive electrode tab 204 and the negative electrode tab 205 are connected by a material or a part different from the metal foil constituting the current collectors 201a and 203a. Also good.
  • the positive electrode tab 204 is arranged so as to be led out from the side 21 of the unit cell 2 (the upper exterior member 206 and the lower exterior member 207), and the negative electrode tab 205 is The battery 2 is arranged so as to be derived from the side 22 facing the side 21.
  • the arrangement of the positive electrode tab 204 and the negative electrode tab 205 is not limited to the arrangement shown in FIG.
  • the positive electrode tab 204 and the negative electrode tab 205 may be arranged so as to be led out from the same side 21.
  • the power generation element 208 described above is housed and sealed between an upper exterior member 206 molded in a cup shape as shown in FIG. 2 and a flat lower exterior member 207.
  • the upper exterior member 206 and the lower exterior member 207 according to the present embodiment are each composed of a laminate material (laminate film) composed of an inner resin layer, a metal layer, and an outer resin layer.
  • the inner resin layer of the laminate material can be composed of a resin film excellent in electrolytic solution resistance and heat fusion properties such as polyethylene, modified polyethylene, polypropylene, modified polypropylene, or ionomer.
  • a resin film excellent in electrolytic solution resistance and heat fusion properties such as polyethylene, modified polyethylene, polypropylene, modified polypropylene, or ionomer.
  • a metal layer it can comprise with metal foil, such as aluminum, for example.
  • an outer side resin layer it can comprise with the resin film excellent in electrical insulation, such as a polyamide-type resin and a polyester-type resin, for example.
  • these exterior members 206 and 207 enclose part of the electrode tabs 204 and 205 and the power generation element 208. Further, a liquid electrolyte is injected into the space formed by the exterior members 206 and 207. Thereafter, after the space is evacuated, the outer peripheral portions of the exterior members 206 and 207 are heat-sealed by hot pressing. Accordingly, a part of the electrode tabs 204 and 205 and the power generation element 208 are accommodated and sealed between the exterior members 206 and 207.
  • the liquid electrolyte a solution obtained by dissolving a lithium salt such as lithium perchlorate, lithium borofluoride, or lithium hexafluorophosphate in an organic liquid solvent can be used.
  • the organic liquid solvent include ester solvents such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and methyl ethyl carbonate.
  • the organic liquid solvent is not limited to this, and a mixture of an ester solvent and an ether solvent such as ⁇ -butylactone ( ⁇ -BL) or diethyloxyethane (DEE) can also be used.
  • such four unit cells 2 are stacked and electrically connected to each other.
  • the cooling plate 3 that is a separation device of the present embodiment is a plate-like member having an area that can cover the exterior members 206 and 207 of the unit cell 2. It is interposed between the batteries 2.
  • three cooling plates 3 are provided in the assembled battery 1, but the number of cooling plates 3 is not particularly limited, and can be set as appropriate according to the number of single cells 2.
  • the cooling plate 3 is made of a shape memory alloy that deforms at a predetermined temperature or higher.
  • the cooling plate 3 maintains a flat plate shape at room temperature (25 ° C.). However, as shown in FIG. 5, when the cooling plate 3 reaches a predetermined temperature or more, it is partially bent and deformed into a concavo-convex shape in which convex portions 31 and concave portions 32 are alternately formed.
  • This shape memory alloy is a metal that returns to its original shape when it is deformed below a predetermined temperature (transformation temperature) and is heated above that temperature, and includes, for example, an alloy containing titanium and nickel.
  • the cooling plate 3 is not limited to the shape memory alloy, and for example, a bimetal obtained by integrally bonding a material having a low thermal expansion such as an alloy of nickel and iron and a material having a high thermal expansion such as copper is used. You can also.
  • Such a predetermined temperature can be appropriately set with high accuracy depending on the alloy composition and heat treatment conditions. Thereby, the cooling plate 3 can be accurately deformed at a predetermined temperature assumed at the time of design.
  • the predetermined temperature can be appropriately set depending on the durability of the unit cell used, and can be set to, for example, 50 ° C. to 150 ° C. Further, when the shape memory alloy is an alloy containing titanium and nickel, the predetermined temperature can be set to about 100 ° C., for example.
  • the cooling plate 3 may be made of a shape memory resin such as phenol or formaldehyde and deformed as described above at a predetermined temperature or higher.
  • the cooling plate 3 made of the shape memory alloy or shape memory resin as described above is formed in advance in the above-described uneven shape. And the cooling plate 3 is deform
  • the module can 4 is a member that accommodates the unit cell 2 and the cooling plate 3.
  • the module can 4 is configured to be deformed so as to swell by being pressed from the inside by the unit cell 2 as the cooling plate 3 is deformed.
  • Examples of the material of the module can 4 include stainless steel.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the assembled battery showing the operation of the cooling plate according to the present embodiment
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 and FIG. 11 are sectional views of the assembled battery showing modifications of the cooling plate according to the embodiment
  • FIG. It is an expanded sectional view of the modification of the cooling plate which concerns on embodiment. 6 to 8 show a state where the cooling plate is deformed
  • FIGS. 9 and 11 show a state of the cooling plate before the deformation.
  • unit cells 2 In a battery pack, if some of the cells abnormally generate heat due to overcharging or the like, this heat is transmitted to the cells adjacent to the generated cells, which may cause abnormalities in normal cells.
  • the four unit cells 2 are represented by unit cells 2A to 2D.
  • a cooling plate 3 made of a shape memory alloy is interposed between each of the cells 2A to 2D. Therefore, the unit cell 2B that has generated heat due to the deformation of the cooling plate 3 is thermally insulated from the other unit cells 2A and 2C.
  • the convex portion 31 and the concave portion 32 are provided. Is deformed into an uneven shape formed alternately. Then, the unit cells 2A and 2B are separated from each other so as to widen the interval between the unit cells 2A and 2B. Thereby, heat transfer from the single battery 2B to the single battery 2A can be suppressed.
  • the cooling plate 3 interposed between the heated unit cell 2B and the normal unit cell 2C is heated by the unit cell 2B to a predetermined temperature or higher, the projections 31 and the recesses 32 are alternately formed. Deform to shape. Then, the unit cells 2B and 2C are separated from each other so as to widen the interval between the unit cells 2B and 2C. Thereby, heat transfer from the single battery 2B to the single battery 2C can be suppressed.
  • the air layer 5 is formed between the single cells 2A and 2B by deforming the cooling plate 3 between the single cells 2A and 2B into an uneven shape.
  • the air cell 5 can also cool the unit cell 2B that has generated heat.
  • the cooling plate 3 between the single cells 2B and 2C is deformed into a concavo-convex shape to form an air layer 5 between the single cells 2B and 2C.
  • the cooling plate 3 is in contact with the unit cell 2B at one end of the recess 32 from the state where the cooling plate 3 is in contact with the unit cell 2B on most of the main surface in accordance with the deformation as described above. To change. As a result, the contact area between the generated unit cell 2 ⁇ / b> B and the cooling plate 3 is narrowed, so heat transfer to the unit cells 2 ⁇ / b> A and 2 ⁇ / b> C via the cooling plate 3 is suppressed.
  • the cooling plate 3 according to the present embodiment is deformed into a shape having a plurality of convex portions 31 and concave portions 32, the stress applied to the cells 2A to 2C is dispersed when the cooling plate 3 is deformed. It has become so. Thereby, damage to the single cells 2A and 2C due to stress concentration on one point of the normal single cells 2A and 2C, for example, bending of the single cells 2A and 2C is suppressed.
  • the cooling plate 3 in the normal state where the unit cell 2B does not generate heat above a predetermined temperature, the cooling plate 3 maintains a flat shape, so that the thickness of the assembled battery 1 as a whole is reduced. Yes. Thereby, size reduction of the assembled battery 1 at the time of normal use is also achieved. This effect is particularly noticeable in electric vehicles equipped with many batteries.
  • the above-described effects can be obtained by interposing the cooling plate 3 between the single cells 2A to 2D. Therefore, the structure for suppressing heat transfer from the unit cell 2B that has abnormally heated to the other unit cells 2A and 2C can be made relatively simple. Thereby, cost reduction of the assembled battery 1 can be achieved.
  • the shape of the cooling plate 3 after the deformation is not particularly limited as long as the unit cell 2B that abnormally generates heat and the unit cells 2A and 2C that sandwich the unit cell 2B can be separated from each other.
  • the deformed cooling plate 3 has a shape having either one of a convex portion 31 protruding from the single cell 2B or a concave portion 32 recessed toward the single cell 2B. There may be.
  • the shape of the cooling plate 3 after the deformation may be an uneven shape in which convex portions 31 having flat vertices and concave portions 32 having a flat bottom surface are alternately formed, as shown in FIG. .
  • the deformed cooling plate may be waved like a sine wave.
  • a long hole 33 and a groove 34 are formed in the cooling plate 3 along the plane direction (perpendicular to the paper surface in the drawing), and air or A cooling medium may be circulated.
  • the cooling medium a solvent used in the electrolytic solution is preferable so as not to react even when mixed with the electrolytic solution.
  • fins 35 may be provided at the ends of the cooling plate 3, and the unit cells 2 may be dissipated through the fins 35.
  • FIG. 12 is a sectional view of the assembled battery according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is a plan view of the cooling plate according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a high temperature region of the unit cell according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. It is a top view which shows the high temperature area
  • the configuration of the cooling plate 6 is different from that of the first embodiment, but other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment. Only the parts different from the first embodiment will be described below, and the same parts as those of the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. Also in this embodiment, the four unit cells 2 in the assembled battery 1a are indicated by unit cells 2A to 2D.
  • the cooling plate 6 includes a deformation plate 61 and a main body plate 62 as shown in FIGS.
  • the deformation plate 61 is made of a shape memory alloy or a shape memory resin that deforms at a predetermined temperature or higher, and maintains a flat plate shape at room temperature (25 ° C.).
  • the deformation plate 61 is deformed into a convex shape as shown in FIG.
  • the deformation plate may be configured to be deformed into a concave shape opposite to the above-described convex shape when a predetermined temperature or higher is reached.
  • the predetermined temperature can be appropriately set with high accuracy depending on the alloy composition and heat treatment conditions. .
  • the deformation plate 61 can be accurately deformed at a predetermined temperature assumed at the time of design.
  • the alloy containing titanium and nickel can be mentioned similarly to 1st Embodiment.
  • the predetermined temperature can be set to 50 ° C. to 150 ° C., for example, as in the first embodiment.
  • deformation plates 61 are provided in one cooling plate 6.
  • the number of deformation plates 61 is not particularly limited, and may be three, for example.
  • the main body plate 62 is a plate-like member and is made of a metal such as aluminum that does not deform even when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature.
  • the main body plate 62 is formed with four openings 621 for holding the four deformation plates 61, respectively.
  • the number of openings 621 is not particularly limited, and can be set as appropriate according to the number of deformation plates 61.
  • the deformation plate 61 is held in the opening 621 by adhering the inner edge of the opening 621 of the main body plate 62 and the outer edge of the deformation plate 61 with an adhesive.
  • the method for holding the deformation plate 61 is not particularly limited.
  • the deformation plate 61 may be formed on the main body plate 62 so as to be integrally formed with the main body plate 62.
  • the deformation plate 61 is in contact with the high temperature regions 2a to 2d that are at the highest temperature when heat is generated on the surface of the unit cells 2A to 2D. As shown, the cells are stacked between the single cells 2A to 2D.
  • the positions of the high temperature regions 2a to 2d will be briefly described on behalf of the high temperature region 2a of the unit cell 2A.
  • the unit cell 2A has the electrode tabs 204 and 205 on the two sides 21 and 22 facing each other, the high-temperature region 2a tends to flow current in the unit cell 2A and easily accumulate heat.
  • the unit cells 2A to 2D shown in FIG. 12 are also unit cells having electrode tabs on two sides facing each other.
  • the unit cell 2 ⁇ / b> A has the electrode tabs 204 and 205 on the same side 21, the high temperature region 2 a Located in the vicinity.
  • the current easily flows between the electrode tabs 204 and 205 in this vicinity, it is a portion that easily generates heat.
  • FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled battery showing the operation of the cooling plate according to the present embodiment. Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the following description will be given on the assumption that the unit cell 2B generates heat above a predetermined temperature among the four unit cells 2A to 2D, as shown in FIG.
  • the deformation plate 61 of the cooling plate 6 is flat as shown in FIG.
  • the plate shape is deformed to a convex shape.
  • the unit cells 2A and 2B are separated from each other so as to widen the interval between the unit cells 2A and 2B. Thereby, it is possible to suppress heat transfer from the unit cell 2B that has abnormally heated to the normal unit cell 2A.
  • the deformation plate 61 of the cooling plate 6 interposed between the single cells 2B and 2C is heated by the single cell 2B to a predetermined temperature or higher, the deformation plate 61 is deformed into a convex shape. Then, the unit cells 2B and 2C are separated from each other so as to widen the interval between the unit cells 2B and 2C. Thereby, heat transfer from the unit cell 2B that has abnormally heated to the normal unit cell 2C can be suppressed.
  • the air plate 5 is formed between the single cells 2A and 2B by deforming the deformation plate 61 between the single cells 2A and 2B into a convex shape.
  • the air cell 5 can also cool the unit cell 2B that has generated heat.
  • deforming the deformation plate 61 between the single cells 2B and 2C into a convex shape and forming an air layer 5 between the single cells 2B and 2C heat transfer from the single cell 2B to the single cell 2C is achieved. While effectively suppressing, it is possible to cool the generated unit cell 2B.
  • the deformed deformed plate 61 is in partial contact with the single cells 2A and 2C, so that the heated single cell 2B is transferred to the single cells 2A and 2C via the deformed plate 61 (cooling plate 6). Heat transfer is effectively suppressed.
  • the cooling plate 6 has a plurality of deformed portions (deformed plates 61). Therefore, when the deformation plate 61 is deformed, damage to the single cells 2A and 2C due to stress concentration on one point of the normal single cells 2A and 2C, that is, bending of the single cells 2A and 2C is suppressed.
  • a shape memory alloy or a shape memory resin is partially provided on the cooling plate 6. Therefore, the assembled battery 1a can be reduced in cost compared to the case where the entire cooling plate 6 is made of a shape memory alloy or a shape memory resin.
  • the deformation plate 61 that is deformed at a predetermined temperature or higher is brought into contact with the high temperature region 2b of the unit cell 2B.
  • the cooling plate 6 (deformation plate 61) maintains a plate-like shape in a normal state where the unit cell 2B does not generate heat above a predetermined temperature. Therefore, the thickness of the assembled battery 1a can be reduced. This makes it possible to reduce the size of the assembled battery 1a during normal use.
  • the effects described above can be obtained by interposing the cooling plate 6 between the single cells 2A to 2D, as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the structure for suppressing heat transfer from the unit cell 2B that has abnormally heated to the other unit cells 2A and 2C can be made relatively simple. Thereby, cost reduction of the assembled battery 1a can be achieved.
  • a cooling medium may be circulated by forming a long hole or groove in the cooling plate 6, or fins may be provided at the end of the cooling plate.
  • the cooling plates 3 and 6 according to the first and second embodiments described above correspond to an example of the separation device and the plate of the present invention.
  • the long hole 33 according to the first embodiment corresponds to an example of the hole of the present invention.
  • the positive electrode tab 204 according to the first and second embodiments corresponds to an example of the first electrode tab of the present invention
  • the negative electrode tab 205 according to the first and second embodiments is the second electrode tab of the present invention. It corresponds to an example.
  • transformation plate 61 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment correspond to an example of the deformation
  • the unit unit is interposed between two adjacent unit cells, and when at least one of the two unit cells reaches a predetermined temperature or higher, the unit cell that has reached the predetermined temperature or higher.
  • a separation device for separating the battery and the other unit cell from each other is provided. Therefore, heat transfer from a single cell that has reached a predetermined temperature or higher to another cell can be suppressed, and when the single cell is below a predetermined temperature, the battery pack can be downsized.

Abstract

This assembled cell (1) is equipped with: a plurality of mutually-stacked flat-type unit cells (2); and separating devices (3) that are interposed between the plurality of unit cells (2), and that when at least one of the plurality of unit cells (2) reaches a predetermined temperature or above, cause mutual separation of the unit cell (2) which is at or above the predetermined temperature, from other unit cells (2). Heat transmission from the unit cell (2) which is at or above the predetermined temperature to the other unit cells (2) can be minimized thereby, and the assembled cell (1) can be more compact when the unit cells (2) are below the predetermined temperature.

Description

組電池Assembled battery
　本発明は、複数の単電池を積層した組電池に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an assembled battery in which a plurality of unit cells are stacked.
　従来、複数の角型電池の間に断熱部材を介装して、断熱部材によって角型電池同士を断熱させた集合電池が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 Conventionally, there has been known an assembled battery in which a plurality of prismatic batteries are provided with a heat insulating member and the square batteries are insulated from each other by the heat insulating member (for example, see Patent Document 1).
特開２００４－３６２８７９号公報JP 2004-362879 A
　しかしながら、上記集合電池では、角型電池が過充電等によって異常発熱していない通常の状態においても角型電池同士を断熱部材によって離反させている。そのため、集合電池が大型化してしまうという問題があった。 However, in the above assembled battery, the square batteries are separated from each other by the heat insulating member even in a normal state where the square batteries are not heated abnormally due to overcharge or the like. Therefore, there has been a problem that the assembled battery is increased in size.
　本発明は、このような従来技術の有する課題に鑑みてなされたものである。そして、その目的は、単電池間の熱伝達を抑制しつつ、小型化を図ることが可能な組電池を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the conventional technology. And the objective is to provide the assembled battery which can achieve size reduction, suppressing the heat transfer between single cells.
　本発明の態様に係る組電池は、相互に積層された複数の扁平型の単電池と、複数の単電池の間に介在し、複数の単電池の少なくとも１つが所定温度以上になると、所定温度以上になった単電池と他の単電池とを相互に離反させる離反装置とを備える。 An assembled battery according to an aspect of the present invention is provided between a plurality of flat unit cells stacked on each other and a plurality of unit cells, and when at least one of the plurality of unit cells reaches a predetermined temperature or higher, a predetermined temperature A separation device for separating the unit cell and the other unit cell from each other is provided.
図１は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る組電池の断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図２は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る単電池の断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図３は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る単電池の変形例を示す平面図である。FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a modification of the unit cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図４は、図１のＩＶ－ＩＶ線に沿った断面図である。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 図５は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る冷却プレートの作用を示す組電池の断面図である。FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled battery showing the operation of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図６は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る冷却プレートの第１変形例を示す組電池の断面図である。FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery showing a first modification of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図７は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る冷却プレートの第２変形例を示す組電池の断面図である。FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery showing a second modification of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図８は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る冷却プレートの第３変形例を示す組電池の断面図である。FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery showing a third modification of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図９は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る冷却プレートの第４変形例を示す組電池の断面図である。FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery showing a fourth modification of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図１０は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る冷却プレートの第５変形例の拡大断面図である。FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a fifth modification of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図１１は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る冷却プレートの第６変形例を示す組電池の断面図である。FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery showing a sixth modification of the cooling plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図１２は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る組電池の断面図である。FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 図１３は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る冷却プレートの平面図である。FIG. 13 is a plan view of a cooling plate according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 図１４は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る単電池の高温領域を示す平面図である。FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a high temperature region of the unit cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 図１５は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る単電池の変形例における高温領域を示す平面図である。FIG. 15 is a plan view showing a high temperature region in a modification of the unit cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 図１６は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る冷却プレートの作用を示す組電池の断面図である。FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled battery showing the operation of the cooling plate according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
　以下、本発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。なお、図面の寸法比率は説明の都合上誇張されており、実際の比率とは異なる場合がある。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the dimension ratio of drawing is exaggerated on account of description, and may differ from an actual ratio.
［第１実施形態］
　図１は本実施形態に係る組電池の断面図、図２は本実施形態に係る単電池の断面図、図３は本実施形態に係る単電池の変形例を示す平面図、図４は図１のＩＶ－ＩＶ線に沿った断面図である。 [First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an assembled battery according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the single battery according to the present embodiment, FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a modification of the single battery according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.
　本実施形態に係る組電池１は、図１に示すように、単電池２と、冷却プレート３と、モジュール缶４とを備えている。単電池２は、図１に示すように、扁平型の電池である。この単電池２としては、例えば、リチウムイオン二次電池を挙げることができる。以下、本実施形態に係る単電池２（リチウムイオン二次電池）について詳細に説明する。 As shown in FIG. 1, the assembled battery 1 according to the present embodiment includes a single battery 2, a cooling plate 3, and a module can 4. As shown in FIG. 1, the unit cell 2 is a flat type battery. As this single battery 2, a lithium ion secondary battery can be mentioned, for example. Hereinafter, the single battery 2 (lithium ion secondary battery) according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.
　この単電池２は、図２に示すように、３枚の正極板２０１と、５枚のセパレータ２０２と、３枚の負極板２０３と、正極タブ２０４と、負極タブ２０５と、上部外装部材２０６と、下部外装部材２０７と、図示しない電解質とから構成されている。本実施形態では、このうちの正極板２０１、セパレータ２０２、負極板２０３及び電解質を特に発電要素２０８と称する。 As shown in FIG. 2, the unit cell 2 includes three positive plates 201, five separators 202, three negative plates 203, a positive electrode tab 204, a negative electrode tab 205, and an upper exterior member 206. And a lower exterior member 207 and an electrolyte (not shown). In the present embodiment, the positive electrode plate 201, the separator 202, the negative electrode plate 203, and the electrolyte are particularly referred to as a power generation element 208.
　図２に示すように、発電要素２０８の正極板２０１は、正極タブ２０４まで延びている正極側集電体２０１ａを有している。さらに正極板２０１は、正極側集電体２０１ａの一部の両主面にそれぞれ形成された正極層２０１ｂ，２０１ｃを有している。 As shown in FIG. 2, the positive electrode plate 201 of the power generation element 208 has a positive electrode current collector 201 a extending to the positive electrode tab 204. Furthermore, the positive electrode plate 201 has positive electrode layers 201b and 201c formed on both main surfaces of a part of the positive electrode side current collector 201a.
　そして、正極側集電体２０１ａは、例えば、アルミニウム箔、アルミニウム合金箔、銅箔又はニッケル箔等の電気化学的に安定した金属箔で構成されている。また、正極層２０１ｂ，２０１ｃは、正極活物質と、カーボンブラック等の導電剤と、ポリ四フッ化エチレンの水性ディスパージョン等の接着剤とを含有している。具体的には、正極層２０１ｂ，２０１ｃは、正極活物質、導電剤及び接着剤を混合したものを、正極側集電体２０１ａの両主面に塗布し、乾燥及び圧延することにより形成されている。当該正極活物質としては、例えば、ニッケル酸リチウム（ＬｉＮｉＯ２）、マンガン酸リチウム（ＬｉＭｎＯ２）又はコバルト酸リチウム（ＬｉＣｏＯ２）等のリチウム複合酸化物や、リチウムのカルコゲン（Ｓ、Ｓｅ、Ｔｅ）化物等を挙げることができる。 And the positive electrode side collector 201a is comprised with the electrochemically stable metal foil, such as aluminum foil, aluminum alloy foil, copper foil, or nickel foil, for example. The positive electrode layers 201b and 201c contain a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent such as carbon black, and an adhesive such as an aqueous dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene. Specifically, the positive electrode layers 201b and 201c are formed by applying a mixture of a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and an adhesive to both main surfaces of the positive electrode side current collector 201a, and drying and rolling. Yes. Examples of the positive electrode active material include lithium composite oxides such as lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMnO 2 ), and lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), and lithium chalcogens (S, Se, Te). And the like.
　また、発電要素２０８の負極板２０３は、負極タブ２０５まで延びている負極側集電体２０３ａを有している。さらに負極板２０３は、負極側集電体２０３ａの一部の両主面にそれぞれ形成された負極層２０３ｂ，２０３ｃを有している。 Also, the negative electrode plate 203 of the power generation element 208 has a negative electrode side current collector 203 a extending to the negative electrode tab 205. Further, the negative electrode plate 203 has negative electrode layers 203b and 203c formed on both main surfaces of a part of the negative electrode side current collector 203a.
　そして、負極側集電体２０３ａは、例えば、ニッケル箔、銅箔、ステンレス箔又は鉄箔等の電気化学的に安定した金属箔で構成されている。負極層２０３ｂ，２０３ｃは、上記正極活物質のリチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出する負極活物質と、アクリル樹脂エマルジョン等の結着剤とを含有している。具体的には、負極層は、負極活物質に、有機物焼成体の前駆体たるスチレンブタジエンゴム樹脂粉末の水性ディスパージョンを混合し乾燥させた後に粉砕することで、炭素粒子表面に炭化したスチレンブタジエンゴムを担持させたものを主材料としている。そして、この担持後の負極活物質と結着剤との混合物を負極側集電体２０３ａの一部の両主面に塗布し、乾燥及び圧延することにより、負極層２０３ｂ，２０３ｃを形成する。 The negative electrode side current collector 203a is made of, for example, an electrochemically stable metal foil such as nickel foil, copper foil, stainless steel foil, or iron foil. The negative electrode layers 203b and 203c contain a negative electrode active material that occludes and releases lithium ions of the positive electrode active material, and a binder such as an acrylic resin emulsion. Specifically, the negative electrode layer is formed by mixing an aqueous dispersion of a styrene butadiene rubber resin powder, which is a precursor of an organic fired body, with the negative electrode active material, drying, and then pulverizing the styrene butadiene carbonized on the carbon particle surfaces. The main material is a rubber support. And the negative electrode layers 203b and 203c are formed by apply | coating the mixture of the negative electrode active material and binder after this support to the both main surfaces of a part of negative electrode side collector 203a, and drying and rolling.
　当該負極活物質としては、例えば、非晶質炭素、難黒鉛化炭素、易黒鉛化炭素又は黒鉛等を挙げることができる。ここで、負極活物質として非晶質炭素や難黒鉛化炭素を用いると、充放電時における電位の平坦特性に乏しく放電量に伴って出力電圧も低下する。そのため、非晶質炭素や難黒鉛化炭素は、通信機器や事務機器の電源には不向きであるが、電気自動車の電源では急激な出力低下がないので有利である。 Examples of the negative electrode active material include amorphous carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, and graphite. Here, when amorphous carbon or non-graphitizable carbon is used as the negative electrode active material, the flatness of the potential during charge / discharge is poor, and the output voltage decreases with the amount of discharge. Therefore, amorphous carbon and non-graphitizable carbon are unsuitable for power supplies for communication equipment and office equipment, but are advantageous because there is no sudden drop in power output for electric vehicles.
　発電要素２０８のセパレータ２０２は、正極板２０１と負極板２０３との短絡を防止するもので、電解質を保持する機能を備えてもよい。そして、このセパレータ２０２は、例えば、ポリエチレン（ＰＥ）やポリプロピレン（ＰＰ）等のポリオレフィンから構成される微多孔性膜であることが好ましい。微多孔性膜からなるセパレータは、過電流が流れると、その発熱によって膜の空孔が閉塞され電流を遮断する機能を有する。 The separator 202 of the power generation element 208 prevents a short circuit between the positive electrode plate 201 and the negative electrode plate 203, and may have a function of holding an electrolyte. The separator 202 is preferably a microporous membrane made of polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). When an overcurrent flows, the separator made of a microporous film has a function of blocking the current by closing the pores of the film due to heat generation.
　なお、本実施形態に係るセパレータ２０２は、ポリオレフィン等の単層膜のみに限定されず、ポリプロピレン膜をポリエチレン膜で挟持した三層構造や、ポリオレフィン微多孔性膜と有機不織布等を積層したものを用いることもできる。このように、セパレータ２０２を複層化することで、過電流の防止機能、電解質保持機能及びセパレータ２０２の形状維持（剛性向上）機能等を付与することができる。 The separator 202 according to this embodiment is not limited to a single-layer film such as polyolefin, but a three-layer structure in which a polypropylene film is sandwiched between polyethylene films, or a laminate of a polyolefin microporous film and an organic nonwoven fabric or the like. It can also be used. Thus, by forming the separator 202 in multiple layers, an overcurrent prevention function, an electrolyte holding function, a shape maintaining (stiffness improvement) function of the separator 202, and the like can be provided.
　以上の発電要素２０８では、セパレータ２０２を介して正極板２０１と負極板２０３とが交互に積層されている。そして、３枚の正極板２０１は、正極側集電体２０１ａを介して、金属箔製の正極タブ２０４にそれぞれ接続されている。また、３枚の負極板２０３は、負極側集電体２０３ａを介して、金属箔製の負極タブ２０５にそれぞれ接続されている。なお、発電要素２０８の正極板２０１、セパレータ２０２及び負極板２０３は、上記の枚数に限定されない。例えば、１枚の正極板、３枚のセパレータ及び１枚の負極板でも発電要素を構成することができ、必要に応じて、正極板、セパレータ及び負極板の枚数を選択することができる。 In the power generation element 208 described above, the positive electrode plate 201 and the negative electrode plate 203 are alternately stacked via the separator 202. The three positive plates 201 are respectively connected to the positive tab 204 made of metal foil via the positive current collector 201a. The three negative plates 203 are connected to a negative electrode tab 205 made of metal foil via a negative current collector 203a. The positive electrode plate 201, the separator 202, and the negative electrode plate 203 of the power generation element 208 are not limited to the above number. For example, the power generation element can be constituted by one positive electrode plate, three separators, and one negative electrode plate, and the number of positive electrode plates, separators, and negative electrode plates can be selected as necessary.
　正極タブ２０４及び負極タブ２０５を構成する材料は、電気化学的に安定した金属材料であれば特に限定されない。例えば、正極タブ２０４を、上述の正極側集電体２０１ａと同様に、アルミニウム箔、アルミニウム合金箔、銅箔又はニッケル箔等で構成することができる。また、負極タブ２０５については、上述の負極側集電体２０３ａと同様に、ニッケル箔、銅箔、ステンレス箔又は鉄箔等で構成することができる。また、本実施形態では、正極板２０１及び負極板２０３の集電体２０１ａ，２０３ａを構成する金属箔自体を正極タブ２０４及び負極タブ２０５まで延長することにより、正極板２０１及び負極板２０３を正極タブ２０４及び負極タブ２０５に直接接続している。しかし、正極板２０１及び負極板２０３の集電体２０１ａ，２０３ａと、正極タブ２０４及び負極タブ２０５とを、集電体２０１ａ，２０３ａを構成する金属箔とは別の材料や部品により接続してもよい。 The material constituting the positive electrode tab 204 and the negative electrode tab 205 is not particularly limited as long as it is an electrochemically stable metal material. For example, the positive electrode tab 204 can be made of an aluminum foil, an aluminum alloy foil, a copper foil, a nickel foil, or the like, similar to the positive electrode side current collector 201a described above. In addition, the negative electrode tab 205 can be formed of nickel foil, copper foil, stainless steel foil, iron foil, or the like, similar to the negative electrode current collector 203a described above. Further, in the present embodiment, the metal foil itself constituting the current collectors 201a and 203a of the positive electrode plate 201 and the negative electrode plate 203 is extended to the positive electrode tab 204 and the negative electrode tab 205, thereby making the positive electrode plate 201 and the negative electrode plate 203 the positive electrode. The tab 204 and the negative electrode tab 205 are directly connected. However, the current collectors 201a and 203a of the positive electrode plate 201 and the negative electrode plate 203 and the positive electrode tab 204 and the negative electrode tab 205 are connected by a material or a part different from the metal foil constituting the current collectors 201a and 203a. Also good.
　ここで、本実施形態では、図２に示すように、正極タブ２０４が単電池２（上部外装部材２０６及び下部外装部材２０７）の辺２１から導出するように配置され、負極タブ２０５が、単電池２において辺２１と対向する辺２２から導出するように配置されている。しかし、正極タブ２０４及び負極タブ２０５の配置については、図２の配置に限定されない。例えば、図３に示すように、正極タブ２０４と負極タブ２０５を、同一の辺２１から導出させるように配置してもよい。 Here, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the positive electrode tab 204 is arranged so as to be led out from the side 21 of the unit cell 2 (the upper exterior member 206 and the lower exterior member 207), and the negative electrode tab 205 is The battery 2 is arranged so as to be derived from the side 22 facing the side 21. However, the arrangement of the positive electrode tab 204 and the negative electrode tab 205 is not limited to the arrangement shown in FIG. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the positive electrode tab 204 and the negative electrode tab 205 may be arranged so as to be led out from the same side 21.
　上述した発電要素２０８は、図２に示すようなカップ状に成型された上部外装部材２０６と平板状の下部外装部材２０７との間に収容されて封止されている。本実施形態に係る上部外装部材２０６及び下部外装部材２０７は、特に図示しないが、いずれも内側樹脂層、金属層及び外側樹脂層から成るラミネート材（ラミネートフィルム）で構成されている。 The power generation element 208 described above is housed and sealed between an upper exterior member 206 molded in a cup shape as shown in FIG. 2 and a flat lower exterior member 207. Although not specifically shown, the upper exterior member 206 and the lower exterior member 207 according to the present embodiment are each composed of a laminate material (laminate film) composed of an inner resin layer, a metal layer, and an outer resin layer.
　このラミネート材の内側樹脂層としては、例えば、ポリエチレン、変性ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、変性ポリプロピレン又はアイオノマー等の耐電解液性及び熱融着性に優れた樹脂フィルムで構成することができる。また金属層としては、例えば、アルミニウム等の金属箔で構成することができる。さらに外側樹脂層としては、例えば、ポリアミド系樹脂やポリエステル系樹脂等の電気絶縁性に優れた樹脂フィルムで構成することができる。 The inner resin layer of the laminate material can be composed of a resin film excellent in electrolytic solution resistance and heat fusion properties such as polyethylene, modified polyethylene, polypropylene, modified polypropylene, or ionomer. Moreover, as a metal layer, it can comprise with metal foil, such as aluminum, for example. Furthermore, as an outer side resin layer, it can comprise with the resin film excellent in electrical insulation, such as a polyamide-type resin and a polyester-type resin, for example.
　そして、これらの外装部材２０６，２０７によって、電極タブ２０４，２０５の一部と発電要素２０８を包み込む。さらに、外装部材２０６，２０７により形成される空間に、液体電解質を注入する。その後、当該空間を真空状態とした後に、外装部材２０６，２０７の外周部分を熱プレスにより熱融着する。これにより、外装部材２０６，２０７の間に、電極タブ２０４，２０５の一部及び発電要素２０８が収容されて封止される。 Then, these exterior members 206 and 207 enclose part of the electrode tabs 204 and 205 and the power generation element 208. Further, a liquid electrolyte is injected into the space formed by the exterior members 206 and 207. Thereafter, after the space is evacuated, the outer peripheral portions of the exterior members 206 and 207 are heat-sealed by hot pressing. Accordingly, a part of the electrode tabs 204 and 205 and the power generation element 208 are accommodated and sealed between the exterior members 206 and 207.
　なお、前記液体電解質としては、有機液体溶媒に過塩素酸リチウムやホウフッ化リチウム、六フッ化リン酸リチウム等のリチウム塩を溶解したものを使用することができる。有機液体溶媒としては、プロピレンカーボネート（ＰＣ）やエチレンカーボネート（ＥＣ）、ジメチルカーボネート（ＤＭＣ）、メチルエチルカーボネート等のエステル系溶媒を挙げることができる。なお、有機液体溶媒はこれに限定されることなく、エステル系溶媒に、γ－ブチラクトン（γ－ＢＬ）やジエトシキエタン（ＤＥＥ）等のエーテル系溶媒その他を混合したものを用いることもできる。 As the liquid electrolyte, a solution obtained by dissolving a lithium salt such as lithium perchlorate, lithium borofluoride, or lithium hexafluorophosphate in an organic liquid solvent can be used. Examples of the organic liquid solvent include ester solvents such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and methyl ethyl carbonate. The organic liquid solvent is not limited to this, and a mixture of an ester solvent and an ether solvent such as γ-butylactone (γ-BL) or diethyloxyethane (DEE) can also be used.
　本実施形態に係る組電池１では、図１に示すように、このような４つの単電池２が相互に積層されて電気的に接続されている。なお、単電池２の数については、複数であれば特に限定されない。 In the assembled battery 1 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, such four unit cells 2 are stacked and electrically connected to each other. In addition, about the number of the single cells 2, if it is plurality, it will not specifically limit.
　本実施形態の離反装置たる冷却プレート３は、図１及び図４に示すように、単電池２の外装部材２０６，２０７を覆うことが可能な面積を有する板状の部材であり、複数の単電池２の間に介在している。本実施形態では、組電池１内に３枚の冷却プレート３が設けられているが、冷却プレート３の数については特に限定されず、単電池２の数に応じて適宜設定することができる。 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the cooling plate 3 that is a separation device of the present embodiment is a plate-like member having an area that can cover the exterior members 206 and 207 of the unit cell 2. It is interposed between the batteries 2. In the present embodiment, three cooling plates 3 are provided in the assembled battery 1, but the number of cooling plates 3 is not particularly limited, and can be set as appropriate according to the number of single cells 2.
　本実施形態に係る冷却プレート３は、所定温度以上で変形する形状記憶合金で構成されている。そして、冷却プレート３は、常温時（２５℃）では平坦なプレート状の形状を保持する。しかし、図５に示すように、冷却プレート３が所定温度以上になると部分的に屈曲し、凸部３１と凹部３２が交互に形成された凹凸形状に変形する。 The cooling plate 3 according to the present embodiment is made of a shape memory alloy that deforms at a predetermined temperature or higher. The cooling plate 3 maintains a flat plate shape at room temperature (25 ° C.). However, as shown in FIG. 5, when the cooling plate 3 reaches a predetermined temperature or more, it is partially bent and deformed into a concavo-convex shape in which convex portions 31 and concave portions 32 are alternately formed.
　この形状記憶合金とは、所定温度（変態温度）未満で変形させても、その温度以上に加熱すると元の形状に戻る金属であり、例えば、チタンとニッケルを含む合金を挙げることができる。なお、冷却プレート３は形状記憶合金に限定されることなく、例えば、ニッケルと鉄の合金である熱膨張が低い材料と、銅のような熱膨張が高い材料とを一体に接着したバイメタルを用いることもできる。 This shape memory alloy is a metal that returns to its original shape when it is deformed below a predetermined temperature (transformation temperature) and is heated above that temperature, and includes, for example, an alloy containing titanium and nickel. The cooling plate 3 is not limited to the shape memory alloy, and for example, a bimetal obtained by integrally bonding a material having a low thermal expansion such as an alloy of nickel and iron and a material having a high thermal expansion such as copper is used. You can also.
　また、このような所定温度については、合金組成や熱処理の条件により高い精度で適宜設定することができる。これにより、設計時に想定している所定温度で、正確に冷却プレート３を変形させることができる。この所定温度は、使用する単電池の耐久性により適宜設定することができるが、例えば５０℃～１５０℃とすることができる。また、形状記憶合金がチタンとニッケルを含む合金である場合には、この所定温度を、例えば１００℃程度に設定することができる。 Further, such a predetermined temperature can be appropriately set with high accuracy depending on the alloy composition and heat treatment conditions. Thereby, the cooling plate 3 can be accurately deformed at a predetermined temperature assumed at the time of design. The predetermined temperature can be appropriately set depending on the durability of the unit cell used, and can be set to, for example, 50 ° C. to 150 ° C. Further, when the shape memory alloy is an alloy containing titanium and nickel, the predetermined temperature can be set to about 100 ° C., for example.
　なお、冷却プレート３を、フェノール・ホルムアルデヒド等の形状記憶樹脂で構成して、所定温度以上で上記のように変形させてもよい。 The cooling plate 3 may be made of a shape memory resin such as phenol or formaldehyde and deformed as described above at a predetermined temperature or higher.
　本実施形態では、上記のような形状記憶合金や形状記憶樹脂で構成された冷却プレート３を予め上記の凹凸形状に形成しておく。そして、所定温度未満の状態で冷却プレート３を凹凸形状からプレート状に変形させて、単電池２同士の間に介在させている。すなわち、本実施形態では、凹凸形状を記憶させた平坦な冷却プレート３を、単電池２の間に介在させ、所定温度以上になったときに、元の凹凸形状に復元させるようにしている。 In the present embodiment, the cooling plate 3 made of the shape memory alloy or shape memory resin as described above is formed in advance in the above-described uneven shape. And the cooling plate 3 is deform | transformed from uneven | corrugated shape to plate shape in the state below predetermined temperature, and it interposes between the single cells 2. That is, in the present embodiment, the flat cooling plate 3 in which the uneven shape is stored is interposed between the single cells 2 and is restored to the original uneven shape when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature or higher.
　モジュール缶４は、単電池２及び冷却プレート３を収容する部材である。このモジュール缶４は、冷却プレート３が変形することに伴って、単電池２によって内側から押圧されることで膨らむように変形できるように構成されている。このようなモジュール缶４の材料としては、例えば、ステンレス鋼を挙げることができる。 The module can 4 is a member that accommodates the unit cell 2 and the cooling plate 3. The module can 4 is configured to be deformed so as to swell by being pressed from the inside by the unit cell 2 as the cooling plate 3 is deformed. Examples of the material of the module can 4 include stainless steel.
　次に、本実施形態の組電池１の作用について説明する。図５は、本実施形態に係る冷却プレートの作用を示す組電池の断面図、図６～９及び図１１は実施形態に係る冷却プレートの変形例を示す組電池の断面図、図１０は本実施形態に係る冷却プレートの変形例の拡大断面図である。なお、図６～図８については、冷却プレートが変形した状態を示し、図９及び図１１については、変形前の冷却プレートの状態を示している。 Next, the operation of the assembled battery 1 of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the assembled battery showing the operation of the cooling plate according to the present embodiment, FIGS. 6 to 9 and FIG. 11 are sectional views of the assembled battery showing modifications of the cooling plate according to the embodiment, and FIG. It is an expanded sectional view of the modification of the cooling plate which concerns on embodiment. 6 to 8 show a state where the cooling plate is deformed, and FIGS. 9 and 11 show a state of the cooling plate before the deformation.
　組電池において、一部の単電池が過充電等によって異常発熱すると、この熱が発熱した単電池と隣接する単電池に伝達されて、正常な単電池にも異常が生じる恐れがある。なお、以下において、４つの単電池２を単電池２Ａ～２Ｄで示す。 In a battery pack, if some of the cells abnormally generate heat due to overcharging or the like, this heat is transmitted to the cells adjacent to the generated cells, which may cause abnormalities in normal cells. In the following, the four unit cells 2 are represented by unit cells 2A to 2D.
　これに対して、本実施形態では、図５に示すように、形状記憶合金で構成された冷却プレート３を、単電池２Ａ～２Ｄのそれぞれの間に介在させている。そのため、冷却プレート３の変形によって、発熱した単電池２Ｂを、他の単電池２Ａ，２Ｃから熱的に絶縁させている。 In contrast, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, a cooling plate 3 made of a shape memory alloy is interposed between each of the cells 2A to 2D. Therefore, the unit cell 2B that has generated heat due to the deformation of the cooling plate 3 is thermally insulated from the other unit cells 2A and 2C.
　詳細に説明すると、本実施形態では、発熱した単電池２Ｂ及び正常な単電池２Ａの間に介在する冷却プレート３が、単電池２Ｂにより加熱されて所定温度以上になると、凸部３１と凹部３２が交互に形成された凹凸形状に変形する。そして、単電池２Ａ，２Ｂ間の間隔を広げるように、単電池２Ａ，２Ｂを相互に離反させる。これにより、単電池２Ｂから単電池２Ａへの熱伝達を抑制可能としている。同様に、発熱した単電池２Ｂ及び正常な単電池２Ｃの間に介在する冷却プレート３が、単電池２Ｂにより加熱されて所定温度以上になると、凸部３１と凹部３２が交互に形成された凹凸形状に変形する。そして、単電池２Ｂ，２Ｃ間の間隔を広げるように、単電池２Ｂ，２Ｃを相互に離反させる。これにより、単電池２Ｂから単電池２Ｃへの熱伝達を抑制可能としている。 More specifically, in the present embodiment, when the cooling plate 3 interposed between the generated unit cell 2B and the normal unit cell 2A is heated by the unit cell 2B to a predetermined temperature or higher, the convex portion 31 and the concave portion 32 are provided. Is deformed into an uneven shape formed alternately. Then, the unit cells 2A and 2B are separated from each other so as to widen the interval between the unit cells 2A and 2B. Thereby, heat transfer from the single battery 2B to the single battery 2A can be suppressed. Similarly, when the cooling plate 3 interposed between the heated unit cell 2B and the normal unit cell 2C is heated by the unit cell 2B to a predetermined temperature or higher, the projections 31 and the recesses 32 are alternately formed. Deform to shape. Then, the unit cells 2B and 2C are separated from each other so as to widen the interval between the unit cells 2B and 2C. Thereby, heat transfer from the single battery 2B to the single battery 2C can be suppressed.
　また、本実施形態では、同図に示すように、単電池２Ａ，２Ｂの間の冷却プレート３を凹凸形状に変形させることで、単電池２Ａ，２Ｂ間に空気層５を形成している。これにより、単電池２Ａ，２Ｂの間の熱抵抗が大きくなるので、単電池２Ｂから単電池２Ａへの熱伝達を効果的に抑制することができる。さらに、このような空気層５によって、発熱した単電池２Ｂを冷却することも可能となる。同様に、単電池２Ｂ，２Ｃの間の冷却プレート３を凹凸形状に変形させて、単電池２Ｂ，２Ｃの間に空気層５を形成している。これにより、単電池２Ｂから単電池２Ｃへの熱伝達を効果的に抑制することができると共に、発熱した単電池２Ｂを冷却することを可能としている。 Moreover, in this embodiment, as shown in the figure, the air layer 5 is formed between the single cells 2A and 2B by deforming the cooling plate 3 between the single cells 2A and 2B into an uneven shape. Thereby, since the thermal resistance between the single cells 2A and 2B is increased, heat transfer from the single cell 2B to the single cell 2A can be effectively suppressed. Furthermore, the air cell 5 can also cool the unit cell 2B that has generated heat. Similarly, the cooling plate 3 between the single cells 2B and 2C is deformed into a concavo-convex shape to form an air layer 5 between the single cells 2B and 2C. Thereby, heat transfer from the single battery 2B to the single battery 2C can be effectively suppressed, and the generated single battery 2B can be cooled.
　また、冷却プレート３は、上記のように変形することに伴って、主面の大部分で単電池２Ｂに接触していた状態から、凹部３２の一端で部分的に単電池２Ｂに接触する状態に変化する。これにより、発熱した単電池２Ｂと冷却プレート３との接触面積が狭くなるので、冷却プレート３を介した単電池２Ａ，２Ｃへの熱伝達が抑制される。 In addition, the cooling plate 3 is in contact with the unit cell 2B at one end of the recess 32 from the state where the cooling plate 3 is in contact with the unit cell 2B on most of the main surface in accordance with the deformation as described above. To change. As a result, the contact area between the generated unit cell 2 </ b> B and the cooling plate 3 is narrowed, so heat transfer to the unit cells 2 </ b> A and 2 </ b> C via the cooling plate 3 is suppressed.
　また、本実施形態に係る冷却プレート３は、複数の凸部３１及び凹部３２を有する形状に変形するので、冷却プレート３が変形する際に、単電池２Ａ～２Ｃに印加される応力が分散されるようになっている。これにより、正常な単電池２Ａ，２Ｃの１点に応力が集中することによる単電池２Ａ，２Ｃの損傷、例えば単電池２Ａ，２Ｃの折れ曲がりが抑制されている。 In addition, since the cooling plate 3 according to the present embodiment is deformed into a shape having a plurality of convex portions 31 and concave portions 32, the stress applied to the cells 2A to 2C is dispersed when the cooling plate 3 is deformed. It has become so. Thereby, damage to the single cells 2A and 2C due to stress concentration on one point of the normal single cells 2A and 2C, for example, bending of the single cells 2A and 2C is suppressed.
　さらに、本実施形態では、単電池２Ｂが所定温度以上に発熱していない通常の状態においては、冷却プレート３が平坦な形状を維持しているので、組電池１全体の厚さが薄くなっている。これにより、通常使用時の組電池１の小型化も図られている。多くの電池を搭載する電気自動車においては、この効果は特に顕著である。 Furthermore, in the present embodiment, in the normal state where the unit cell 2B does not generate heat above a predetermined temperature, the cooling plate 3 maintains a flat shape, so that the thickness of the assembled battery 1 as a whole is reduced. Yes. Thereby, size reduction of the assembled battery 1 at the time of normal use is also achieved. This effect is particularly noticeable in electric vehicles equipped with many batteries.
　また、本実施形態に係る組電池１では、単電池２Ａ～２Ｄの間に冷却プレート３を介在させることで上述した効果を奏することができる。そのため、異常発熱した単電池２Ｂから他の単電池２Ａ，２Ｃへの熱伝達を抑制するための構造を比較的簡単にすることができる。これにより、組電池１の低コスト化を図ることができる。 Further, in the assembled battery 1 according to the present embodiment, the above-described effects can be obtained by interposing the cooling plate 3 between the single cells 2A to 2D. Therefore, the structure for suppressing heat transfer from the unit cell 2B that has abnormally heated to the other unit cells 2A and 2C can be made relatively simple. Thereby, cost reduction of the assembled battery 1 can be achieved.
　ここで、変形後の冷却プレート３の形状は、異常発熱した単電池２Ｂと、単電池２Ｂを挟み込む単電池２Ａ，２Ｃとを離反させることが可能な形状であれば、特に限定されない。例えば、変形後の冷却プレート３が、図６及び図７に示すように、単電池２Ｂから突出するような凸部３１又は単電池２Ｂに向って凹んだ凹部３２のいずれか一方を有する形状であってもよい。また、変形後の冷却プレート３の形状は、図８に示すように、平坦な頂点を有する凸部３１と、平坦な底面を有する凹部３２とが交互に形成された凹凸形状であってもよい。また、特に図示しないが、変形後の冷却プレートを正弦波のような波状としてもよい。 Here, the shape of the cooling plate 3 after the deformation is not particularly limited as long as the unit cell 2B that abnormally generates heat and the unit cells 2A and 2C that sandwich the unit cell 2B can be separated from each other. For example, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the deformed cooling plate 3 has a shape having either one of a convex portion 31 protruding from the single cell 2B or a concave portion 32 recessed toward the single cell 2B. There may be. Moreover, the shape of the cooling plate 3 after the deformation may be an uneven shape in which convex portions 31 having flat vertices and concave portions 32 having a flat bottom surface are alternately formed, as shown in FIG. . Although not particularly illustrated, the deformed cooling plate may be waved like a sine wave.
　また、図９及び図１０に示すように、冷却プレート３に、平面方向（図中における紙面と垂直方向）に沿った長孔３３や溝３４を形成し、長孔３３又は溝３４に空気又は冷却媒体を流通させてもよい。冷却媒体としては電解液と混合しても反応しないよう電解液に使用される溶媒が好ましい。これにより、単電池２が異常発熱した場合だけでなく、単電池２を通常に使用している状態においても、単電池２を冷却することができるため、単電池２の温度上昇を抑制することができる。 Further, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, a long hole 33 and a groove 34 are formed in the cooling plate 3 along the plane direction (perpendicular to the paper surface in the drawing), and air or A cooling medium may be circulated. As the cooling medium, a solvent used in the electrolytic solution is preferable so as not to react even when mixed with the electrolytic solution. As a result, not only when the unit cell 2 abnormally generates heat but also when the unit cell 2 is normally used, the unit cell 2 can be cooled, and thus the temperature rise of the unit cell 2 is suppressed. Can do.
　また、図１１に示すように、冷却プレート３の端部にフィン３５を設けて、フィン３５を介して単電池２の放熱を図ってもよい。これにより、単電池２が異常発熱した場合だけでなく、単電池２を通常に使用している状態においても、単電池２を冷却することができるため、単電池２の温度上昇を抑制することができる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 11, fins 35 may be provided at the ends of the cooling plate 3, and the unit cells 2 may be dissipated through the fins 35. As a result, not only when the unit cell 2 abnormally generates heat but also when the unit cell 2 is normally used, the unit cell 2 can be cooled, and thus the temperature rise of the unit cell 2 is suppressed. Can do.
［第２実施形態］
　次に、第２実施形態について説明する。図１２は本実施形態に係る組電池の断面図、図１３は本実施形態に係る冷却プレートの平面図、図１４は本実施形態に係る単電池の高温領域を示す平面図、図１５は本実施形態に係る単電池の変形例における高温領域を示す平面図である。 [Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment will be described. 12 is a sectional view of the assembled battery according to the present embodiment, FIG. 13 is a plan view of the cooling plate according to the present embodiment, FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a high temperature region of the unit cell according to the present embodiment, and FIG. It is a top view which shows the high temperature area | region in the modification of the cell which concerns on embodiment.
　本実施形態に係る組電池１ａでは、冷却プレート６の構成が第１実施形態と相違するが、それ以外の構成については、第１実施形態と同様である。以下に、第１実施形態と相違する部分についてのみ説明し、第１実施形態と同一の部分については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。なお、本実施形態においても、組電池１ａ内の４つの単電池２を、単電池２Ａ～２Ｄで示す。 In the assembled battery 1a according to the present embodiment, the configuration of the cooling plate 6 is different from that of the first embodiment, but other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment. Only the parts different from the first embodiment will be described below, and the same parts as those of the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. Also in this embodiment, the four unit cells 2 in the assembled battery 1a are indicated by unit cells 2A to 2D.
　本実施形態に係る冷却プレート６は、図１２及び図１３に示すように、変形プレート６１と、本体プレート６２とを有している。変形プレート６１は、所定温度以上で変形する形状記憶合金又は形状記憶樹脂で構成されており、常温時（２５℃）においては平坦なプレート状の形状を保持する。一方、所定温度以上になると、図１６に示すように、変形プレート６１は凸形状に変形する。なお、特に図示しないが、所定温度以上になったときに、上記の凸形状とは反対の凹形状に変形するように変形プレートを構成してもよい。 The cooling plate 6 according to the present embodiment includes a deformation plate 61 and a main body plate 62 as shown in FIGS. The deformation plate 61 is made of a shape memory alloy or a shape memory resin that deforms at a predetermined temperature or higher, and maintains a flat plate shape at room temperature (25 ° C.). On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature, the deformation plate 61 is deformed into a convex shape as shown in FIG. Although not particularly illustrated, the deformation plate may be configured to be deformed into a concave shape opposite to the above-described convex shape when a predetermined temperature or higher is reached.
　本実施形態においても、第１実施形態と同様に、変形プレート６１を形状記憶合金で構成する場合には、上記の所定温度については合金組成や熱処理の条件により高い精度で適宜設定することができる。これにより、設計時に想定している所定温度で、正確に変形プレート６１を変形させることが可能となる。なお、このような形状記憶合金としては、第１実施形態と同様に、チタンとニッケルを含む合金を挙げることができる。また、上記所定温度は、第１実施形態と同様に、例えば５０℃～１５０℃とすることができる。 Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, when the deformation plate 61 is made of a shape memory alloy, the predetermined temperature can be appropriately set with high accuracy depending on the alloy composition and heat treatment conditions. . As a result, the deformation plate 61 can be accurately deformed at a predetermined temperature assumed at the time of design. In addition, as such a shape memory alloy, the alloy containing titanium and nickel can be mentioned similarly to 1st Embodiment. In addition, the predetermined temperature can be set to 50 ° C. to 150 ° C., for example, as in the first embodiment.
　本実施形態では、図１３に示すように、１枚の冷却プレート６内に、４枚の変形プレート６１が設けられている。なお、変形プレート６１の数は特に限定されず、例えば３枚であってもよい。 In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, four deformation plates 61 are provided in one cooling plate 6. The number of deformation plates 61 is not particularly limited, and may be three, for example.
　本体プレート６２はプレート状の部材であり、所定温度以上になっても変形しないアルミニウム等の金属で構成されている。この本体プレート６２には、４枚の変形プレート６１をそれぞれ保持する４つの開口６２１が形成されている。なお、開口６２１の数については特に限定されず、変形プレート６１の数に応じて適宜設定することができる。 The main body plate 62 is a plate-like member and is made of a metal such as aluminum that does not deform even when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. The main body plate 62 is formed with four openings 621 for holding the four deformation plates 61, respectively. The number of openings 621 is not particularly limited, and can be set as appropriate according to the number of deformation plates 61.
　本実施形態では、本体プレート６２の開口６２１の内縁と、変形プレート６１の外縁とを接着剤で接着することにより、開口６２１内に変形プレート６１を保持させている。なお、変形プレート６１を保持する方法は特に限定されない。例えば、変形プレート６１を本体プレート６２と一体成形で形成することで、本体プレート６２に変形プレート６１を保持させてもよい。 In the present embodiment, the deformation plate 61 is held in the opening 621 by adhering the inner edge of the opening 621 of the main body plate 62 and the outer edge of the deformation plate 61 with an adhesive. The method for holding the deformation plate 61 is not particularly limited. For example, the deformation plate 61 may be formed on the main body plate 62 so as to be integrally formed with the main body plate 62.
　以上に説明した本実施形態に係る冷却プレート６は、図１２に示すように、単電池２Ａ～２Ｄの表面の中で発熱した際に最も高温となる高温領域２ａ～２ｄに変形プレート６１が接触するように、それぞれの単電池２Ａ～２Ｄの間に積層されている。 In the cooling plate 6 according to the present embodiment described above, as shown in FIG. 12, the deformation plate 61 is in contact with the high temperature regions 2a to 2d that are at the highest temperature when heat is generated on the surface of the unit cells 2A to 2D. As shown, the cells are stacked between the single cells 2A to 2D.
　ここで、この高温領域２ａ～２ｄの位置について、単電池２Ａの高温領域２ａを代表して簡単に説明する。図１４に示すように、単電池２Ａが互いに対向する２辺２１，２２にそれぞれ電極タブ２０４，２０５を有する場合では、高温領域２ａは、単電池２Ａ内において電流が流れやすく、熱がこもり易い中央部分の表面に位置する。なお、図１２に示す単電池２Ａ～２Ｄも、互いに対向する２辺にそれぞれ電極タブを有する単電池であるものとする。 Here, the positions of the high temperature regions 2a to 2d will be briefly described on behalf of the high temperature region 2a of the unit cell 2A. As shown in FIG. 14, in the case where the unit cell 2A has the electrode tabs 204 and 205 on the two sides 21 and 22 facing each other, the high-temperature region 2a tends to flow current in the unit cell 2A and easily accumulate heat. Located on the surface of the central part. Note that the unit cells 2A to 2D shown in FIG. 12 are also unit cells having electrode tabs on two sides facing each other.
　一方、図１５に示すように、単電池２Ａが同一の辺２１に電極タブ２０４，２０５を有している場合には、高温領域２ａは、同図の平面視において、電極タブ２０４，２０５の近傍部分に位置する。なお、この近傍部分についても、電極タブ２０４，２０５の間で電流が流れやすいために、発熱し易い部分となっている。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 15, when the unit cell 2 </ b> A has the electrode tabs 204 and 205 on the same side 21, the high temperature region 2 a Located in the vicinity. In addition, since the current easily flows between the electrode tabs 204 and 205 in this vicinity, it is a portion that easily generates heat.
　次に、本実施形態に係る組電池１ａの作用について説明する。図１６は本実施形態に係る冷却プレートの作用を示す組電池の断面図である。本実施形態においても、第１実施形態と同様に、図１６に示すように、４つの単電池２Ａ～２Ｄの中で単電池２Ｂが所定温度以上に発熱したものとして以下の説明を行う。 Next, the operation of the assembled battery 1a according to this embodiment will be described. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled battery showing the operation of the cooling plate according to the present embodiment. Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the following description will be given on the assumption that the unit cell 2B generates heat above a predetermined temperature among the four unit cells 2A to 2D, as shown in FIG.
　組電池１ａでは、単電池２Ａ，２Ｂの間に介在する冷却プレート６が所定温度以上に発熱した単電池２Ｂにより加熱されると、図１６に示すように、冷却プレート６の変形プレート６１が平坦なプレート状から凸形状に変形する。そして、単電池２Ａ，２Ｂ間の間隔を広げるように、単電池２Ａ，２Ｂを相互に離反させる。これにより、異常発熱した単電池２Ｂから、正常な単電池２Ａへの熱伝達を抑制することができる。同様に、単電池２Ｂ，２Ｃの間に介在する冷却プレート６の変形プレート６１が、単電池２Ｂにより加熱されて所定温度以上になると、変形プレート６１が凸形状に変形する。そして、単電池２Ｂ，２Ｃ間の間隔を広げるように、単電池２Ｂ，２Ｃを相互に離反させる。これにより、異常発熱した単電池２Ｂから正常な単電池２Ｃへの熱伝達を抑制することができる。 In the assembled battery 1a, when the cooling plate 6 interposed between the single cells 2A and 2B is heated by the single cell 2B that generates heat above a predetermined temperature, the deformation plate 61 of the cooling plate 6 is flat as shown in FIG. The plate shape is deformed to a convex shape. Then, the unit cells 2A and 2B are separated from each other so as to widen the interval between the unit cells 2A and 2B. Thereby, it is possible to suppress heat transfer from the unit cell 2B that has abnormally heated to the normal unit cell 2A. Similarly, when the deformation plate 61 of the cooling plate 6 interposed between the single cells 2B and 2C is heated by the single cell 2B to a predetermined temperature or higher, the deformation plate 61 is deformed into a convex shape. Then, the unit cells 2B and 2C are separated from each other so as to widen the interval between the unit cells 2B and 2C. Thereby, heat transfer from the unit cell 2B that has abnormally heated to the normal unit cell 2C can be suppressed.
　また、本実施形態においても、第１実施形態と同様に、単電池２Ａ，２Ｂの間の変形プレート６１を凸形状に変形させることで、単電池２Ａ，２Ｂ間に空気層５を形成する。これにより、単電池２Ｂから単電池２Ａへの熱伝達を効果的に抑制することができる。さらに、このような空気層５によって、発熱した単電池２Ｂを冷却することも可能となる。同様に、単電池２Ｂ，２Ｃの間の変形プレート６１を凸形状に変形させて、単電池２Ｂ，２Ｃ間に空気層５を形成することで、単電池２Ｂから単電池２Ｃへの熱伝達を効果的に抑制すると共に、発熱した単電池２Ｂを冷却することを可能としている。 Also in the present embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the air plate 5 is formed between the single cells 2A and 2B by deforming the deformation plate 61 between the single cells 2A and 2B into a convex shape. Thereby, the heat transfer from the single battery 2B to the single battery 2A can be effectively suppressed. Furthermore, the air cell 5 can also cool the unit cell 2B that has generated heat. Similarly, by deforming the deformation plate 61 between the single cells 2B and 2C into a convex shape and forming an air layer 5 between the single cells 2B and 2C, heat transfer from the single cell 2B to the single cell 2C is achieved. While effectively suppressing, it is possible to cool the generated unit cell 2B.
　また、本実施形態では、変形後の変形プレート６１が単電池２Ａ，２Ｃと部分的に接触するので、発熱した単電池２Ｂから変形プレート６１（冷却プレート６）を介して単電池２Ａ，２Ｃへ熱伝達されることが効果的に抑制されている。 Further, in the present embodiment, the deformed deformed plate 61 is in partial contact with the single cells 2A and 2C, so that the heated single cell 2B is transferred to the single cells 2A and 2C via the deformed plate 61 (cooling plate 6). Heat transfer is effectively suppressed.
　また、本実施形態においても、第１実施形態と同様に、冷却プレート６が複数の変形部分（変形プレート６１）を有している。そのため、変形プレート６１が変形する際に、正常な単電池２Ａ，２Ｃの一点に応力が集中することによる単電池２Ａ，２Ｃの損傷、つまり単電池２Ａ，２Ｃの折れ曲がりが抑制されている。 Also in this embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the cooling plate 6 has a plurality of deformed portions (deformed plates 61). Therefore, when the deformation plate 61 is deformed, damage to the single cells 2A and 2C due to stress concentration on one point of the normal single cells 2A and 2C, that is, bending of the single cells 2A and 2C is suppressed.
　さらに、本実施形態では、冷却プレート６において部分的に形状記憶合金又は形状記憶樹脂を設けている。そのため、冷却プレート６の全体を形状記憶合金又は形状記憶樹脂で構成した場合と比較して、組電池１ａを低コスト化することができる。 Furthermore, in the present embodiment, a shape memory alloy or a shape memory resin is partially provided on the cooling plate 6. Therefore, the assembled battery 1a can be reduced in cost compared to the case where the entire cooling plate 6 is made of a shape memory alloy or a shape memory resin.
　また、本実施形態では、所定温度以上で変形する変形プレート６１を、単電池２Ｂの高温領域２ｂと接触させている。これにより、単電池２Ｂの発熱に対して、変形プレート６１を敏感に反応させることができるため、異常発熱した単電池２Ｂから他の単電池２Ａ，２Ｃへの熱伝達を効果的に抑制することが可能となっている。 In this embodiment, the deformation plate 61 that is deformed at a predetermined temperature or higher is brought into contact with the high temperature region 2b of the unit cell 2B. Thereby, since the deformation plate 61 can be made to react sensitively to the heat generation of the unit cell 2B, heat transfer from the unit cell 2B that has abnormally generated heat to the other unit cells 2A and 2C is effectively suppressed. Is possible.
　また、本実施形態においても、第１実施形態と同様に、単電池２Ｂが所定温度以上に発熱していない通常の状態においては、冷却プレート６（変形プレート６１）がプレート状の形状を維持するので、組電池１ａ全体の厚さを薄くさせることができる。これにより、通常使用時の組電池１ａの小型化を図ることが可能となっている。 Also in this embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the cooling plate 6 (deformation plate 61) maintains a plate-like shape in a normal state where the unit cell 2B does not generate heat above a predetermined temperature. Therefore, the thickness of the assembled battery 1a can be reduced. This makes it possible to reduce the size of the assembled battery 1a during normal use.
　また、本実施形態においても、第１実施形態と同様に、単電池２Ａ～２Ｄの間に冷却プレート６を介在させることで、上述した効果を奏することができる。そのため、異常発熱した単電池２Ｂから他の単電池２Ａ，２Ｃへの熱伝達を抑制するための構造を比較的簡単にすることができる。これにより、組電池１ａの低コスト化を図ることができる。 Also in the present embodiment, the effects described above can be obtained by interposing the cooling plate 6 between the single cells 2A to 2D, as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the structure for suppressing heat transfer from the unit cell 2B that has abnormally heated to the other unit cells 2A and 2C can be made relatively simple. Thereby, cost reduction of the assembled battery 1a can be achieved.
　また、本実施形態においても、第１実施形態と同様に、冷却プレート６に、長孔や溝を形成して冷却媒体を流通させたり、冷却プレートの端部にフィンを設けてもよい。これにより、単電池２Ｂが異常発熱した場合のみならず、単電池２Ｂが正常な状態においても単電池２Ｂを冷却することができる。そのため、単電池２Ｂの温度上昇を抑制することができる。 Also in the present embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, a cooling medium may be circulated by forming a long hole or groove in the cooling plate 6, or fins may be provided at the end of the cooling plate. Thereby, not only when the battery 2B abnormally generates heat, but also when the battery 2B is in a normal state, the battery 2B can be cooled. Therefore, the temperature rise of the unit cell 2B can be suppressed.
　なお、以上に説明した第１及び第２実施形態に係る冷却プレート３，６が本発明の離反装置及びプレートの一例に相当する。また、第１実施形態に係る長孔３３が本発明の孔の一例に相当する。さらに、第１及び第２実施形態に係る正極タブ２０４が本発明の第１の電極タブの一例に相当し、第１及び第２実施形態に係る負極タブ２０５が本発明の第２の電極タブの一例に相当する。そして、第１実施形態に係る凸部３１及び凹部３２と、第２実施形態に係る変形プレート６１とが本発明の変形部分の一例に相当する。 The cooling plates 3 and 6 according to the first and second embodiments described above correspond to an example of the separation device and the plate of the present invention. The long hole 33 according to the first embodiment corresponds to an example of the hole of the present invention. Furthermore, the positive electrode tab 204 according to the first and second embodiments corresponds to an example of the first electrode tab of the present invention, and the negative electrode tab 205 according to the first and second embodiments is the second electrode tab of the present invention. It corresponds to an example. And the convex part 31 and the recessed part 32 which concern on 1st Embodiment, and the deformation | transformation plate 61 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment correspond to an example of the deformation | transformation part of this invention.
　特願２０１１－１３３８７７号（出願日：２０１１年６月１６日）の全内容は、ここに引用される。 The entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-133877 (filing date: June 16, 2011) are cited here.
　以上、実施例に沿って本発明の内容を説明したが、本発明はこれらの記載に限定されるものではなく、種々の変形及び改良が可能であることは、当業者には自明である。 As mentioned above, although the content of the present invention has been described according to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these descriptions, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements are possible.
　本発明の組電池では、複数の単電池のうち、隣接する２つの単電池の間に介在し、当該２つの単電池の少なくとも一方が所定温度以上になると、前記所定温度以上になった前記単電池と他の前記単電池とを相互に離反させる離反装置を備えている。そのため、所定温度以上になった単電池から他の単電池への熱伝達を抑制することができると共に、単電池が所定温度未満のときには、組電池の小型化を図ることができる。 In the assembled battery according to the present invention, among the plurality of unit cells, the unit unit is interposed between two adjacent unit cells, and when at least one of the two unit cells reaches a predetermined temperature or higher, the unit cell that has reached the predetermined temperature or higher. A separation device for separating the battery and the other unit cell from each other is provided. Therefore, heat transfer from a single cell that has reached a predetermined temperature or higher to another cell can be suppressed, and when the single cell is below a predetermined temperature, the battery pack can be downsized.
　１，１ａ　組電池
　２，２Ａ，２Ｂ，２Ｃ,２Ｄ　単電池
　２ａ，２ｂ　高温領域
　３，６　冷却プレート（離反装置、離反手段）
　３１　凸部
　３２　凹部
　３３　長孔
　３４　溝
　３５　フィン
　６１　変形プレート（変形部分）
　２０４　正極タブ（電極タブ）
　２０５　負極タブ（電極タブ） 1, 1a battery pack 2,2A, 2B, 2C, 2D single cell 2a, 2b high temperature region 3,6 cooling plate (separation device, separation means)
31 Convex part 32 Concave part 33 Long hole 34 Groove 35 Fin 61 Deformation plate (deformation part)
204 Positive electrode tab (electrode tab)
205 Negative electrode tab (electrode tab)

Claims (11)

  1. 　相互に積層された複数の扁平型の単電池と、
    　複数の前記単電池の間に介在し、複数の前記単電池の少なくとも１つが所定温度以上になると、前記所定温度以上になった前記単電池と他の前記単電池とを相互に離反させる離反装置と、
    　を備えることを特徴とする組電池。     A plurality of flat unit cells stacked on each other;
    A separation device that is interposed between the plurality of unit cells and separates the unit cell that has reached the predetermined temperature and the other unit cell from each other when at least one of the plurality of unit cells exceeds a predetermined temperature. When,
    An assembled battery comprising:
  2. 　前記離反装置は、複数の前記単電池の少なくとも１つが前記所定温度以上になると、前記所定温度以上となった前記単電池により加熱されることで、前記所定温度以上になった前記単電池と他の前記単電池との間隔を広げるように変形する変形部分を有するプレートを含むことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の組電池。 When at least one of the plurality of unit cells becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, the separation device is heated by the unit cell that is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature. The assembled battery according to claim 1, further comprising a plate having a deformed portion that is deformed so as to widen a gap between the single cell and the battery.
  3. 　前記変形部分は、前記所定温度以上となった前記単電池により加熱されることで、平坦な形状から凸部又は凹部を有する形状に変形することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の組電池。 3. The assembled battery according to claim 2, wherein the deformed portion is deformed from a flat shape to a shape having a convex portion or a concave portion by being heated by the unit cell having the predetermined temperature or more.
  4. 　前記変形部分は、形状記憶合金又は形状記憶樹脂から構成されていることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の組電池。 The assembled battery according to claim 2, wherein the deformed portion is made of a shape memory alloy or a shape memory resin.
  5. 　前記変形部分は、チタンとニッケルを含む形状記憶合金から構成されていることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の組電池。 The assembled battery according to claim 2, wherein the deformed portion is made of a shape memory alloy containing titanium and nickel.
  6. 　前記プレートには、前記プレートの平面方向に沿って、冷却媒体が流通可能な孔又は溝が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項２乃至５のいずれか一項に記載の組電池。 The assembled battery according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein a hole or a groove through which a cooling medium can flow is formed in the plate along the planar direction of the plate.
  7. 　前記プレートは、端部にフィンを有していることを特徴とする請求項２乃至５のいずれか一項に記載の組電池。 The assembled battery according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the plate has fins at end portions.
  8. 　前記変形部分は、前記単電池の表面の中で最も高温になる高温領域と接していることを特徴とする請求項２乃至５のいずれか一項に記載の組電池。 The assembled battery according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the deformed portion is in contact with a high temperature region that is the highest temperature on the surface of the unit cell.
  9. 　前記単電池は、前記単電池の１辺から導出する第１の電極タブと、前記単電池において前記１辺と対向する辺から導出する第２の電極タブと、を有し、
    　前記高温領域は、前記単電池の中央部分に位置していることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の組電池。     The unit cell includes a first electrode tab derived from one side of the unit cell, and a second electrode tab derived from a side opposite to the one side in the unit cell,
    The assembled battery according to claim 8, wherein the high temperature region is located in a central portion of the unit cell.
  10. 　前記単電池は、前記単電池の同一の辺から導出する第１及び第２の電極タブを有し、
    　前記高温領域は、前記単電池における前記第１及び第２の電極タブの近傍に位置していることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の組電池。     The unit cell has first and second electrode tabs derived from the same side of the unit cell,
    The assembled battery according to claim 8, wherein the high temperature region is located in the vicinity of the first and second electrode tabs in the unit cell.
  11. 　前記プレートは、複数の前記変形部分を有することを特徴とする請求項８乃至１０のいずれか一項に記載の組電池。 The assembled battery according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the plate has a plurality of the deformed portions.
PCT/JP2012/053918 2011-06-16 2012-02-20 Assembled cell WO2012172829A1 (en)

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