WO2012171329A1 - 一种核酸分离的方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种核酸分离的方法及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012171329A1
WO2012171329A1 PCT/CN2012/000805 CN2012000805W WO2012171329A1 WO 2012171329 A1 WO2012171329 A1 WO 2012171329A1 CN 2012000805 W CN2012000805 W CN 2012000805W WO 2012171329 A1 WO2012171329 A1 WO 2012171329A1
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Prior art keywords
electrophoresis
nucleic acid
region
anode
protein
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PCT/CN2012/000805
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杜权
杜军
Original Assignee
Du Quan
Du Jun
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Priority claimed from CN2011101598930A external-priority patent/CN102824854A/zh
Priority claimed from CN 201110165142 external-priority patent/CN102836423A/zh
Application filed by Du Quan, Du Jun filed Critical Du Quan
Publication of WO2012171329A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012171329A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/14Extraction; Separation; Purification
    • C07K1/24Extraction; Separation; Purification by electrochemical means
    • C07K1/26Electrophoresis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H21/00Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids

Definitions

  • Electrophoresis refers to the phenomenon in which charged particles or molecules move in an electric field.
  • Russian physicist Pehce first discovered electrophoresis, but it was not until 1937 that Swedish scientist Arne Tiselius assembled the world's first interface electrophoresis instrument.
  • electrophoresis technology was widely used, and a variety of electrophoresis techniques based on different vectors were developed.
  • dyeing reagents such as silver ammonia staining, Coomassie Brilliant Blue, etc.
  • the application of immunological technology increases the resolution to trace and ultra-micro levels, and promotes the application of electrophoresis technology to analytical chemistry. , biochemistry, clinical chemistry, toxicology, pharmacology, immunology, microbiology, food chemistry, and many other disciplines and different fields.
  • the distance (ie, mobility) of the charged particles moving in a unit time is a constant, reflecting the physical and chemical characteristics of the charged particles. Different charged particles have different charges, or have the same charge but different charge-to-mass ratios. After a period of electrophoresis in the same electric field, they are separated from each other due to different moving distances. Separate distance and applied electric field voltage and electrophoresis Time is proportional. This technique of separating substances by electrophoresis is called electrophoresis. Biomacromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, etc., mostly have cationic and anionic groups, which can be separated by electrophoresis.
  • the instruments required for electrophoresis mainly include a power source and an electrophoresis tank.
  • an applied electric field must be applied, and the resolution and electrophoresis speed of the electrophoresis are closely related to the electrical parameters during electrophoresis.
  • the electrophoresis tank is the core part of the electrophoresis system.
  • the electrophoresis support is placed between two electrode buffers. The electric field is connected to the two buffers through the electrophoresis support. Different electrophoresis methods use different electrophoresis tanks. .
  • the electrophoresis technologies currently used are mainly classified into mobile interface electrophoresis, isocenter focusing electrophoresis and zone electrophoresis.
  • the mobile interface electrophoresis is to place the ion mixture to be separated at one end of the electrophoresis tank. After the electrophoresis starts, the charged particles move to the other pole, and the ion with the fastest swimming speed is at the forefront, and other ions are in the order of electrophoresis. Arrange and form different zones.
  • Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis is the addition of an amphoteric electrolyte to an electrophoresis tank containing a pH gradient buffer.
  • Zone electrophoresis is one of the most commonly used electrophoresis techniques in biomedical research.
  • the sample is applied to a certain support; under the action of an electric field, the positively or negatively charged ions in the sample move to the negative electrode or the positive electrode at different speeds, respectively, and are separated from each other to form separate regions. band.
  • zone electrophoresis can be divided into 1) filter paper electrophoresis; 2) powder electrophoresis: such as cellulose powder, starch, glass powder electrophoresis; 3) gel electrophoresis: such as agar, agarose, silica gel, starch Glue, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; 4) Edge electrophoresis: such as nylon wire and rayon electrophoresis.
  • the zone electrophoresis can be divided into 1) plate electrophoresis: the horizontal placement of the support is the most common electrophoresis method; 2) the vertical plate electrophoresis: the polyacrylamide gel can be made into vertical plate electrophoresis; 3) Columnar (tubular) electrophoresis: Polyacrylamide gel can be poured into a suitable electrophoresis tube for tubular electrophoresis.
  • zone electrophoresis can be divided into 1) continuous pH electrophoresis: such as paper electrophoresis and cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis; 2) non-continuous pH electrophoresis: such as polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis.
  • Zone electrophoresis has a wide range of applications in biomedical research.
  • polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis can be used for the identification of protein purity.
  • Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has both charge and molecular sieve effects. It can separate substances with the same molecular size and different amounts of charge, and can also separate substances with the same amount of charge and different molecular sizes. The resolution is far. It is much higher than the general chromatographic method and electrophoresis method, and has good repeatability and no electroosmosis.
  • SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis can be used to determine the molecular weight of proteins.
  • the principle is that a large amount of charged SDS is bound to a protein molecule, which overcomes the influence of the original charge of the protein molecule to obtain a constant charge/mass ratio, short measurement time, high resolution, and requires only a very small amount of sample (l-100ug). ).
  • Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis can be used for protein quantification. The gel after electrophoresis is scanned by a gel scanner to give quantitative results.
  • Agar or agarose gel immunoelectrophoresis can be used to check the purity of protein preparations, analyze the components of protein shield mixtures, study whether anti-serum preparations have antibodies against certain known antigens, and test whether the two antigens are the same, etc. .
  • electrophoretically separated macromolecular material In biological experiments, it is often necessary to recover the electrophoretically separated macromolecular material from an electrophoresis carrier (agarose gel or polyacrylamide gel) for further analysis.
  • electrophoresis carrier agarose gel or polyacrylamide gel
  • the most critical considerations include the quality (purity and concentration) of the recovered product, the efficiency of the recovery, and the ease of handling.
  • the quality of recycled products is one of the most important technical indicators.
  • ordinary grade agarose carries some traits. The polysaccharide of Ming will be extracted from the gel together with the DNA. These unidentified substances may strongly inhibit subsequent ligation, enzymatic cleavage, or labeling, amplification, and the like.
  • the quality of the recovered product also includes the integrity of the DNA fragment, while for smaller fragments, the concentration of the recovered product is an important consideration.
  • Recovery yield is another important parameter. Since the amount of electrophoresis is usually small, the electrophoresis process itself will cause dispersion and loss of the sample, so as much as possible to recover the target fragments in the electrophoresis gel strip, and improve the yield of the product, which is for subsequent research. very important.
  • the ease of operation is another key factor, because glue recovery is a basic experimental operation and requires a simple, fast, and low-cost means of research.
  • the easiest method is to cut the gel block containing the separated macromolecules, and to separate the macromolecules from the gel by mechanical disruption and long-term buffer elution. Spread out.
  • Low melting point agarose gel is another relatively simple glue recovery technique.
  • the gel was prepared by using low melting point agarose, and the target band was cut after electrophoresis, and the gel was melted by incubation in a TE solution, and extracted with a conventional phenol chloroform and ethanol precipitated. This method requires the use of an organic reagent such as phenol chloroform and takes a long time.
  • the glass milk/purified filler gel recovery method is another flexible recycling method. First, the strip of the electrophoresis gel is cut, the gel is dissolved in the provided solution, the purified filler is added to the adsorption mixture, and the supernatant is quickly centrifuged to remove the supernatant. After washing the precipitate, the nucleic acid fragment adsorbed in the medium is purified by the eluent. This method is suitable for various sizes of fragments, especially the recovery of large fragments, but the operation is more complicated than the former, involving multiple centrifugation and supernatant removal.
  • the DEAE cellulose film paper method and its improved method are also a relatively traditional glue recycling technique.
  • the DEAE cellulose film is cut into strips for activation treatment; after electrophoresis for a period of time, a knife is cut in front of the target strip, a DEAE cellulose membrane slightly wider than the strip is inserted into the incision, and electrophoresis is continued for a while, the DNA on the strip
  • the membrane was taken out, and the membrane was taken out and transferred to a centrifuge tube, and buffered and eluted, followed by phenol chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation.
  • this manual recycling method has high technical requirements, poor repeatability, and is not suitable for large-scale operation.
  • Electroelution refers to the technique of migrating the target components contained in certain supports by electrophoresis. Specifically, the gel containing the macromolecule to be separated is placed in a space separated by a semipermeable membrane, and the DNA is left by electrophoresis current. The gel enters the liquid phase, and the DNA molecules are purified after recovering the liquid phase.
  • electroelution techniques including US Pat. No. 4,552,640, US Pat. No. 4,545,888, US Pat. No. 4,699,706, US Pat. No. 4,608,147, US Pat. No.
  • the electroelution condition is mild, the operation is simple, there is no special requirement for agarose, and it can also be used for fragment recovery or protein recovery in acrylamide gel; it has greater advantages compared with other traditional rubber recycling technologies. .
  • the selective permeation properties of the semipermeable membrane it is necessary to select a suitable semipermeable membrane according to the size of the molecules to be separated, so that the technique is limited in application; in addition, the adsorption of the recovered product by the semipermeable membrane is also a A problem that cannot be ignored.
  • Vaccination has traditionally been one of the important measures for the comprehensive prevention of infectious diseases, and the immune effect and safety of vaccines have received much attention.
  • Many vaccines including recombinant (CHO cells) hepatitis B vaccine and Vero cell rabies vaccine, are cell culture vaccines, and host cell nucleic acid contamination is inevitably mixed during the production of vaccines. Immunization of the human body with a protein vaccine mixed with host cell genomic DNA (nucleic acid) may have unpredictable consequences, which may result in insertional mutations in the receptor gene, leading to inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene or activation of the cancer gene.
  • the conventional process for preparing a viral vaccine is purified by ultrafiltration concentration, molecular sieve chromatography, etc., and the defect is that the residual amount of host DNA in the prepared vaccine is high.
  • some researchers reduced the residual amount of host DNA by changing the multiple of ultrafiltration concentration and the way the column was connected.
  • Another method of removing DNA residues from host cells is by DNase treatment.
  • Conventional methods of this type are disclosed in European Patent No. 0,870, 508 and U.S. Patent No. 5,948,410. It involves a two-step process, first treated with a DN A enzyme (eg, Benzonase) and then treated with a cationic detergent (eg, CTAB).
  • DN A enzyme eg, Benzonase
  • CTAB cationic detergent
  • the molecular hybridization method for detecting DNA residues in a vaccine is based on the hybridization between different labeled DNA probes and host cell DNA immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane, and the amount of probes that hybridize with the host cells is detected by the labeling molecule. Further, the content of host cell DNA was estimated.
  • DNA probes can often be labeled with different labels, including labeling enzymes, biotin, radioisotopes, digoxin, and the like. Due to its high sensitivity and ease of operation, digoxin-labeled nucleic acid probes are currently widely used.
  • DNA-binding protein-based assays utilize two proteins that bind non-specifically to DNA, single-stranded DNA-binding proteins and anti-single-stranded DNA antibodies.
  • the basic process of detection is to bind a biotin-DNA single-stranded binding protein or a urease-anti-single-stranded DNA monoclonal antibody to the host cell DNA to be detected, and to bind the complex to biotin-nitrocellulose using avidin.
  • the membrane, urease catalyzes the decomposition of urea into NH 3 and CO 2 , causing a change in pH, and estimating the amount of bound DNA based on the change in pH.
  • Fluorescence quantitative PCR is another widely used DNA detection technology. Using the principle of PCR amplification, a specific fluorescent probe is added at the same time as adding a pair of amplification primers. The increase of the product can be indicated by fluorescent signals and monitored by real-time. The change in the fluorescence signal in the PCR system presumes the quantification of the initial template in the sample. Quantitative PCR can detect the amount of product in real time, draw a standard curve by adding a standard sample of known concentration, and then estimate the concentration of the initial template based on the position of the sample to be tested in the standard curve.
  • One technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to separate macromolecular substances efficiently, simply, and at low cost.
  • the most important technical improvement of the present invention is to separate macromolecules having different charge properties into different electrophoretic regions separated by separation or operability by electrophoresis, and to separate different macromolecules by separately collecting solutions in different electrophoretic regions.
  • the present invention provides an electrophoresis tank comprising at least two fixedly spaced or operatively separated electrophoretic regions that are separated in different electrophoretic regions without affecting the normal electrophoretic behavior of the macromolecules
  • the solution can be collected separately.
  • the present invention provides an electrophoresis tank comprising two fixedly spaced or operatively separated electrophoretic regions that are separated in different electrophoretic regions without affecting the normal electrophoretic behavior of the macromolecules.
  • the solution can be collected separately.
  • the present invention provides an electrophoresis tank comprising three fixedly separated or operatively separated electrophoretic regions, which are separated in different electrophoretic regions without affecting the normal electrophoretic behavior of the macromolecules.
  • the solution can be collected separately.
  • Materials for immobilizing different electrophoretic regions in accordance with the present invention include, but are not limited to, agarose gels, polyacrylamide gels, and porous solid supports.
  • the means for operatively separating the different electrophoretic regions include valves, switches, and blockable flow paths.
  • an electrophoresis tank comprising a tank body, an anode, a cathode and an electrophoresis region; the electrophoresis region is composed of three regions separated by an agarose gel or a polyacrylamide gel, and the anode and the cathode are respectively located in the regions at both ends .
  • an electrophoresis tank comprising a tank body, an anode, a cathode and an electrophoresis region; the electrophoresis region comprises three independent regions connected by an electrophoretic channel, and the anode and the cathode are respectively located in independent regions at both ends; With an operable divider.
  • an electrophoresis tank comprising a tank body, an anode, a cathode and an electrophoresis region; wherein the electrophoresis region is composed of two nested separable cylindrical or tubular structures and a connecting passage therebetween.
  • the electrophoresis tank provided may further comprise a selective nucleic acid separation unit.
  • the selective nucleic acid isolation component includes all of the physical, chemical, and biological properties capable of utilizing the nucleic acid component to selectively enrich (including block, adsorb, adhere) the nucleic acid on the nucleic acid separation component.
  • molecular sieve efficiency using nucleic acid separation components Various ways of nucleic acid separation should be achieved by the charge properties, molecular size, length, and affinity of the nucleic acid; preferably, the nucleic acid separation component comprises a DEAE cellulose membrane, a dialysis membrane, a semipermeable membrane or a filter membrane.
  • the invention provides an electrophoresis system comprising a power source and an electrophoresis tank provided by the invention.
  • the invention provides the use of the electrophoresis system for separation, electroelution and concentration of macromolecules.
  • the macromolecule comprises a nucleic acid molecule, a protein molecule, a carbohydrate molecule and a viral particle.
  • the electrophoresis system is used in the separation of nucleic acids from proteins.
  • a second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to efficiently and conveniently and inexpensively separate nucleic acid and protein components in a vaccine or other protein solution and accurately determine the content thereof.
  • the most important technical improvement of this technical solution is to use the applied electric field to separate the different electrophoretic regions separated or operably separated by applying the applied electric field to the difference in charge properties of the nucleic acid and the protein molecule. Separation of nucleic acid from protein components is achieved by collecting the solutions in these regions separately.
  • the invention provides a method of nucleic acid isolation. Utilizing the charge properties of nucleic acid molecules in solution different from other components, the present invention achieves the nucleic acid molecules by selectively applying an applied electric field to the solution to transfer the nucleic acid molecules therein into a separated or operably separated region. Separation from other solution components.
  • the present invention utilizes the electrophoresis tank provided above to enable the solution in different electrophoresis regions to be collected separately without affecting the normal electrophoretic behavior of the macromolecule.
  • the nucleic acid molecule can be added to a separated or operably separated region of the electrophoresis tank (defined as: the starting region); by applying an electric field, it is separated or detachable to another
  • the operatively separated region (defined as: collection region) is transferred internally to achieve separation of the nucleic acid molecule from other solution components.
  • the invention provides a nucleic acid concentration method.
  • the concentration of the nucleic acid component is achieved by setting a different solution volume ratio between the starting region and the collecting region. For example, set the volume of the starting zone solution to 100 mL, set the volume of the collection zone solution to 10 mL, and selectively transfer the nucleic acid components in 100 mL of the starting solution to 10 mL during electrophoresis. Collecting the solution such that the concentration of the nucleic acid in the solution in the collection region is 10 times the nucleic acid concentration of the solution in the starting region, that is, in the starting solution The nucleic acid 10 is concentrated.
  • the volume ratio of the initial region and the collection region solution can be arbitrarily adjusted as needed within a large range to achieve different ratios of nucleic acid concentration in the solution, and the adjustment range can be set to, for example, 1/2 - 1/1,000,000; It is understood that the actual volume of the initial region and the collection region solution can be arbitrarily set in a large range as needed to achieve concentration of nucleic acid in different volume solutions, and the volume of the initial region solution can be set to 50 uL - 1 ,000,000 L .
  • the invention further provides a nucleic acid concentration method.
  • a component capable of selectively separating nucleic acids on the nucleic acid transfer channel connecting the start region and the collection region the nucleic acid is enriched in a local region, and the technical effect of separating and concentrating the nucleic acid component in the solution is achieved.
  • the selective nucleic acid isolation component includes all of the physical, chemical, and biological properties capable of utilizing the nucleic acid component to selectively enrich (including block, adsorb, adhere) the nucleic acid on the nucleic acid separation component.
  • nucleic acid separation component includes a DEAE cellulose membrane, a dialysis membrane, and a half Through the membrane or filter.
  • the invention provides a direct detection method for the amount of nucleic acid components in a low concentration nucleic acid sample.
  • the nucleic acid component in a large volume of a low concentration nucleic acid sample is first concentrated, and the concentrated nucleic acid content is suitable for direct detection of nucleic acid content, including but not limited to ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
  • Method detection of sugar or phosphorus content in nucleic acids, detection of nucleic acid after hydrolysis into single nucleotides.
  • the direct detection method provided by the present invention has higher accuracy and stability than the indirect detection technique (molecular hybridization method, DNA binding protein-based method, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method) which is widely used at present.
  • the invention provides the use of the nucleic acid isolation method for isolating nucleic acids in a sample.
  • the invention provides a method of isolating nucleic acid or protein components in a nucleic acid/protein mixture.
  • the invention provides a method of isolating nucleic acid or protein components in a vaccine preparation.
  • the invention provides a method of detecting the amount of a nucleic acid component in a sample. In another aspect, the invention provides a method of detecting the amount of a nucleic acid component in a vaccine preparation. In one aspect, the invention provides a low nucleic acid content protein preparation prepared using the methods or electrophoresis tanks provided herein.
  • the present invention provides a vaccine having a low nucleic acid content prepared by the method or electrophoresis tank provided by the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a low nucleic acid content vaccine prepared by the method or electrophoresis tank provided by the present invention, which further comprises a nucleic acid degradation step and a step of dissociating the nucleic acid from the protein during the preparation of the vaccine.
  • the nucleic acid isolation process further comprises the step of degrading the nucleic acid.
  • any method capable of degrading nucleic acids can be applied to the process, including but not limited to the treatment of nucleic acid components by treatment of nucleic acid/protein samples with specific or non-specific nucleic acid degrading enzymes, using DNA alkylating agents such as ⁇ - Propionate (BLP) treatment of nucleic acid/protein samples degrades residual nucleic acid components into small fragments,
  • BLP ⁇ - Propionate
  • the nucleic acid isolation process further comprises the step of dissociating the nucleic acid/protein complex.
  • any method capable of dissociating a nucleic acid/protein complex can be applied to the process including, but not limited to, limited heating, SDS treatment, sonication, and the like.
  • the invention utilizes fixed separation or operability separation to separate the electrophoresis tank into several electrophoresis regions, and different macromolecules are distributed under different electric fields according to their own charge properties without affecting the normal electrophoretic behavior of the macromolecules.
  • the macromolecular substances respectively present therein are separated by separately collecting the solutions in the different regions.
  • Macromolecules isolated by the present invention include, but are not limited to, nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and viral particles.
  • the separation apparatus and technology provided by the present invention can separate macromolecular substances more simply, efficiently, and at low cost.
  • the present invention provides a method, apparatus, and use for separating nucleic acid and protein components in a nucleic acid/protein solution.
  • the separation method and the device provided by the invention can remove the residue of the host cell DNA in the vaccine product more conveniently, efficiently and at low cost, and the protein vaccine can be purified; on the other hand, it can be more convenient.
  • Efficient and low-cost separation of trace residues of host cell DNA in vaccines makes it possible to directly detect the DNA content of host cells, improving the sensitivity and stability of detection.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a two-chamber electrophoresis tank separated by agarose.
  • Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a three-chamber electrophoresis tank separated by agarose.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of a separate two-chamber electrophoresis tank.
  • Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a separate three-chamber electrophoresis tank.
  • Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a cannula type electrophoresis tank.
  • Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a cannula type electrophoresis tank.
  • Figure 7. Schematic representation of a two-chamber electrophoresis cell with a separate selective nucleic acid separation unit.
  • Figure 8. Schematic representation of a three-chamber electrophoresis cell with a separate selective nucleic acid separation unit.
  • Figure 9. Schematic representation of a two-chamber electrophoresis cell with a separate selective nucleic acid separation unit.
  • Figure 10. Schematic representation of a three-chamber electrophoresis cell with a separate selective nucleic acid separation unit. detailed description
  • the electrophoresis system comprises a power source and an electrophoresis tank, and the electrophoresis tank comprises an electrophoresis region between the tank body, the anode, the cathode, and the anode and the cathode.
  • the electrophoretic region is divided into at least two regions by fixed separation or operability separation, and the fixed or temporary separation enables the solution in each region and the macromolecular sample existing therein without affecting the normal electrophoretic behavior of the macromolecule. It can be collected separately to achieve separation and recovery of macromolecular substances.
  • the electrophoresis tank can be made of a suitable material including, but not limited to, glass, plexiglass, plastic, resin, polypropylene, acrylic or the like.
  • the electrophoresis tank body can be of any suitable shape including, but not limited to, square, rectangular, triangular, circular, cylindrical, spherical, tapered or a combination of different shapes.
  • the separated electrophoretic regions can be divided into an anode region, a cathode region, and an intermediate region according to the relationship with the electrodes; the volume of each region can be freely set at a volume of 10 uL or more to accommodate different uses of the electrophoresis tank.
  • the material for fixing the electrophoresis tank to different regions may be selected from agarose gel, polyacrylamide gel, and solid support having pores or micropores; the solid phase support may include dialysis
  • suitable materials other than films, semipermeable membranes, filters, and filter papers include, but are not limited to, plexiglass, plastic, resin, polypropylene, acrylic, or the like.
  • the means for separating the operability of the electrophoresis tank into different regions may include valves, switches, blockable flow paths, or disassembling and separating different electrophoretic regions.
  • the closable flow channel means that the flow channels connecting different electrophoresis regions can be physically blocked to achieve operability separation.
  • the specific blocking methods include, but are not limited to, clamping with a hemostat, folding the flow channel to achieve separation, Insert a barrier to achieve separation. Isoelectric point and charge properties of solute
  • the charge of the zwitterion varies with the pH of the solution.
  • the pH of the solution is its isoelectric point.
  • the pH of the external solution is greater than the pi value of the zwitterion, the zwitter ion releases the proton negatively.
  • the pH of the external solution is less than the pi value of the zwitterion, the zwitterionic shield is positively charged.
  • the amino acid dissociates into cations and anions with the same degree and degree, and the net charge is zero, which is electrically neutral.
  • the pH of the solution is called the isoelectric point of the amino acid.
  • the isoelectric point of the nucleic acid is relatively low, the isoelectric point of the DNA is 4-4.5, and the isoelectric point of the RNA is 2-2.5.
  • the degree of carboxyl dissociation of neutral amino acids is greater than that of amino groups, and its pi is acid, and the pi value is slightly less than 7.0; the carboxyl group of acidic amino acids is more dissociated, pi is significantly less than 7.0; the degree of amino dissociation of basic amino acids is significantly greater than that of carboxyl groups, etc. Therefore, its pi is greater than 7.0.
  • nucleic acid separation technology provided by the present invention is that the nucleic acid molecules in the solution are selectively distributed in different regions separated or operable to utilize different charge properties from other solute to realize nucleic acid and other solutes. Separation.
  • the charge properties of different solutes can be adjusted by changing the pH of the solution to achieve an optimum separation effect. It should be understood that in order to accommodate the separation between nucleic acids and different solutes, the pH of the solution can be adjusted over a wide range, such as pH 1-13, preferably in a pH range of pH 2-7, more preferably pH 4 -7.
  • the electrophoresis tank for separating nucleic acid use comprises an electrophoresis region between a tank, an anode, a cathode, and an anode and a cathode.
  • the electrophoretic region is divided into at least two regions by fixed separation or operability separation, and the fixed or temporary separation enables the solution in each region and the macromolecular sample existing therein without affecting the normal electrophoretic behavior of the macromolecule. It can be collected separately to achieve separation and recovery of macromolecular substances.
  • the electrophoresis tank provided by the present invention may further comprise a selective nucleic acid separation unit.
  • the selective nucleic acid separation component includes all of the physical, chemical, and biological properties capable of utilizing the nucleic acid component to selectively block, adsorb, and adhere to the nucleic acid separation member.
  • the nucleic acid separation component includes a DEAE cellulose membrane, a dialysis membrane, and a half Through the membrane or filter.
  • the electrophoresis tank body can be made of a suitable material including, but not limited to, glass, plexiglass, plastic, resin, polypropylene, acrylic, or the like.
  • the electrophoresis tank body can be combined Any shape suitable, including but not limited to square, rectangular, triangular, circular, cylindrical, spherical, tapered or a combination of different shapes.
  • the separated electrophoretic regions can be divided into an anode region, a cathode region and an intermediate region according to the relationship with the electrodes; the volume of each region can be freely set at a volume of lO uL or more to accommodate different uses of the electrophoresis tank.
  • the material for fixing the electrophoresis cell to different regions may be selected from agarose gel, polyacrylamide gel, and solid support having pores or micropores; solid support includes but is not limited to Plexiglass, plastic, resin, polypropylene, acrylic or similar.
  • the means for separating the operability of the electrophoresis tank into different regions may include valves, switches, blockable flow paths, or disassembling and separating different electrophoretic regions.
  • the closable flow channel means that the flow channels connecting different electrophoresis regions can be physically blocked to achieve operability separation.
  • the specific blocking methods include, but are not limited to, clamping with a hemostat, folding the flow channel to achieve separation, Insert a barrier to achieve separation.
  • any protein suitable for use in the present invention may be derived from a vaccine target, and the immunogenic protein may be formulated as an inactivated virus, an attenuated virus, a split virus preparation, a purified subunit preparation, or isolated or purified from a virus. Viral protein or viral particles.
  • Proteins suitable for use in the present invention may be viral antigens, and these antigens preferably include an epitope that is exposed to its surface at least one stage of the viral life cycle; preferably, the viral antigen is conserved across multiple serotypes or isolates.
  • Suitable proteins for use in the present invention include those derived from one or more of the viruses listed below.
  • the virus may be non-enveloped or preferably enveloped.
  • the virus is preferably an RNA virus, more preferably an ssRNA virus. They may have a sense genome, or preferably have an antisense genome. Their genomes can be non-segmented, or preferably segmented.
  • Orthomyxovirus Viral antigens can be derived from orthomyxoviruses, such as sputum, beta and C influenza viruses.
  • the Orthomyxovirus antigen may be selected from one or more viral proteins, including hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nuclear protein (NP), matrix protein (M1), membrane protein (M2), One or more transcriptase components (PB1, PB 2 and PA); preferably, the antigen comprises HA and NA.
  • Influenza antigens can be derived from annual influenza strains between epidemic outbreaks.
  • influenza antigens may be derived from strains that may cause an epidemic outbreak (ie, influenza strains with new hemagglutinin compared to current strains of the epidemic, or pathogenic in poultry subjects and may be transferred in parallel to Influenza strains in the population, or influenza strains that are pathogenic to humans).
  • influenza antigen may be derived from one or more of the following hemagglutinin subtypes:
  • Hl H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, Hl1, H12, H13, H14, H15 or H16.
  • the influenza antigen of the present invention can be derived from an avian influenza strain, particularly a highly pathogenic avian influenza strain HPAI (Alexander, Avian Dis. 2003 47: 976-81).
  • influenza virus antigens are provided below.
  • Viral antigens are recommended to be derived from paramyxoviridae viruses such as lung virus (RSV), parainovirus (PI V) and measles virus.
  • Viral antigens can be derived from the genus Pneumovirus, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus, mouse pneumonia virus, and turkey rhinotracheitis virus.
  • Pneumovirus is preferably RSV.
  • the pneumovirus antigen may be selected from one or more of the following proteins, including: surface fusion protein (F), glycoprotein (G) and small hydrophobic protein (SH), matrix proteins M and M2, nucleocapsid protein N, P And L and non-structural proteins NS 1 and NS2.
  • Preferred lung antigens include: F, 0 and 1 ⁇ . See, for example, J Gen Viol. November 2004; 85 (part 1 1): 3229.
  • Pneumovirus antigens can also be formulated or derived from chimeric viruses.
  • a chimeric RSV/PIV virus can contain both RSV and PIV components.
  • Viral antigens can be derived from paragaloviruses, such as parainfluenza virus type 1 -4 (PIV), mumps (virus), Sendai virus, simian virus 5, bovine parainfluenza virus, and Newcastle disease virus.
  • Paramyxoviruses are preferably PIV or mumps virus.
  • the Paramyxovirus antigen may be selected from one or more of the following proteins: hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), fusion proteins F1 and F2, nuclear protein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), large protein (L) ) as matrix protein (M).
  • Preferred paramyxovirus proteins include: HN, F 1 and F2.
  • Paramyxovirus antigens can also be formulated or derived from chimeric viruses.
  • a chimeric RS V/PIV virus can contain both RSV and PIV components.
  • Commercially available mumps vaccines include: Attenuated live mumps virus in a monovalent form or in combination with measles and rubella vaccine (MMR).
  • Measles virus Viral antigens can be derived from the genus Measles, such as measles (viruses).
  • the measles virus antigen may be selected from one or more of the following proteins: hemagglutinin (H), glycoprotein (G), fusion factor (F), large protein (L), nuclear protein (NP), polymerase phosphoprotein (P) and matrix (M).
  • H hemagglutinin
  • G glycoprotein
  • F large protein
  • NP nuclear protein
  • P polymerase phosphoprotein
  • M matrix
  • Commercially available measles vaccines include attenuated live measles virus (MMR), which is commonly used in conjunction with mumps and rubella.
  • MicroRNA viruses can be derived from microRNA viruses, such as enteroviruses, Rhinovirus, Heparnavirus, Heart Virus and Foot and Mouth Disease Virus.
  • Viral antigens are derived from enteroviruses, such as poliovirus type 1, 2 or 3, Coxsackie A virus type 1-22 and 24, Coxsackie B virus type 1-6, 1-9, 11- Types 27 and 29-34 Echovirus (ECHO virus), 68-71 (type) enterovirus.
  • the enterovirus is preferably a poliovirus.
  • Enterovirus antigens preferably have one or more of the following capsid proteins: VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4.
  • Commercially available polio vaccines include: Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV).
  • Hepatotropic RNA virus Viral antigens can be derived from hepadnaviruses such as hepatitis A virus (HAV). Commercially available HAV vaccines include inactivated HAV vaccines.
  • HAV hepatitis A virus
  • the viral antigen can be derived from a togavirus, such as a rubella virus, an alphavirus or an arteritis virus.
  • the togavirus antigen may be selected from the group consisting of: El, E2, E3, C, NSP-1, NSPO-2, NSP-3 or NSP-4.
  • the togavirus antigen is preferably selected from: El, E2 or E3.
  • Commercially available rubella vaccines include cold adapted live virus (MMR), which is commonly used in conjunction with mumps and measles vaccines.
  • MMR cold adapted live virus
  • Viral antigens can be derived from flaviviruses such as tick-borne encephalitis (virus) (TBE), dengue fever (virus) (type 1, 2, 3 or 4), yellow fever (virus), Japanese encephalitis (virus), West Nile encephalitis (virus), St. Louis encephalitis (virus), Russian spring and summer encephalitis (virus), Povasan encephalitis (virus).
  • the Flavivirus antigen can be selected from the group consisting of: PrM, M, C, E, NS-1, NS-2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4a, NS4b, and NSS.
  • the Flavivirus antigen is preferably selected from the group consisting of: PrM, 1 ⁇ and 6.
  • Commercially available TBE vaccines include inactivated viral vaccines.
  • Viral antigens can be derived from plague viruses such as bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV), classical swine fever (virus) (CSFV) or border disease (virus) (BDV).
  • BVDV bovine viral diarrhea
  • CSFV classical swine fever
  • BDV border disease virus
  • Hepatophila DNA virus can be derived from hepadnaviruses such as hepatitis B virus.
  • the hepadnavirus DNA antigen may be selected from the group consisting of surface antigens (L, M and S) and core antigens (HBc, HBe).
  • Commercially available HBV vaccines include subunit vaccines containing the surface antigen S protein.
  • Hepatitis C virus Viral antigens can be derived from hepatitis C virus (HCV).
  • HCV antigen may be selected from one or more of the following: El, E2, El/E2, NS345 polyprotein, NS345-core polyprotein, core and/or non-structural regions (Houghton et al, Hepatology, 1991, 14: 381).
  • Viral antigens can be derived from baculoviruses such as lesbian virus (rabies virus) and vesicular virus (VSV).
  • the baculovirus antigen can be selected from the group consisting of glycoprotein (G), nuclear protein (N), large protein (L), and non-structural protein (NS).
  • G glycoprotein
  • N nuclear protein
  • L large protein
  • NS non-structural protein
  • the Calicivirus family Viral antigens can be "born from the Calicivirus family, such as Norwalk and Norwalk-like viruses, such as the Hawaiian virus and the Snow Mountain virus.
  • Coronavirus Viral antigens can be derived from coronavirus, SARS, human respiratory coronavirus, avian infectious bronchitis (viral) (IB V), mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), and porcine infectious gastroenteritis virus (TGEV).
  • the coronavirus antigen may be selected from the group consisting of: spike (S), envelope (E), matrix (M nucleocapsid (N) and/or hemagglutinin-esterase glycoprotein (HE).
  • Coronavirus antigen is preferably derived from SARS Virus.
  • WO 04/92360 describes SARS virus antigens.
  • Retrovirus can be derived from retroviruses such as tumor viruses, lentiviruses or foam viruses.
  • Tumor virus antigens can be derived from: HTLV-1 HTLV-2 or HTLV-5 lentiviral antigens can be derived from: HIV-1 or HIV-2.
  • the retroviral antigen may be selected from gag pol env tax.
  • tat rex rev nef vif vpu and vpro HIV antigen may be selected from gag (p24gag and p55gag env (gpl60.
  • HIV antigen can be derived from one or more of the following strains: HIV mb HIV sF2 HIV LAV HIV LAI HIV HIV-1 CM235 fflV-I US4
  • the viral antigen can be derived from a reovirus, such as a reovirus, a rotavirus, a circovirus, or a Coltivirus.
  • the reovirus antigen can be selected from the group consisting of: structural protein ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 or ⁇ 3 , or the non-structural protein SNS NS or Sls.
  • Preferred reovirus antigens can be derived from rotavirus.
  • the rotavirus antigen can be selected from the group consisting of: VP1 VP2 VP3 VP4 (or cleavage products VPS and VP8), NSP1 VP6 NSP3 NSP2 VP7 NSP4 or NSPS.
  • Preferred rotavirus antigens include VP4 (or cleavage products VPS and VP8) and VP7
  • Viral antigens can be derived from parvoviruses, such as parvovirus B19.
  • the small viral antigen can be selected from the group consisting of: VP-1 VP-2 VP-3 NS-1 and NS-2.
  • the viral antigen can be a derivatized HDV, particularly a delta-antigen of HDV (see, e.g., U.S. Patent 5,378,814).
  • HEV Hepatitis E virus
  • Hepatitis G virus Viral antigens can be derived from HGV
  • Human herpesvirus Viral antigens can be derived from human herpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), EBV (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV 7 ), and human herpesvirus 8 (HHVB).
  • the human herpesvirus antigen can be selected from the group consisting of: immediate early protein ( ⁇ ), early protein ( ⁇ ), and late protein ( ⁇ ).
  • the HSV antigen can be derived from an HSV-1 or HSV-2 strain.
  • the HSV antigen may be selected from the group consisting of glycoproteins g B, gC, gD and gH, fusion proteins (gB), or immune evading proteins (gC, gE or gl).
  • the VZV antigen can be selected from the group consisting of: a core, a nucleocapsid, a coat or an envelope protein. Attenuated live VZV vaccines are commercially available.
  • the EBV antigen may be selected from the group consisting of: an early antigen (EA) protein, a viral capsid antigen (VCA) or a membrane antigen (MA) glycoprotein.
  • the CMV antigen may be selected from a capsid protein, an envelope glycoprotein (such as gB and gH) or a coat protein.
  • Papovavirus The antigen can be derived from papovaviruses such as papillomavirus and polyomavirus.
  • Papillomaviruses include HPV serotypes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 41, 42, 47, 51, 57, 58, 63, and 65 .
  • the HPV antigen is preferably derived from serotype 6, 11, 16 or 18.
  • the HPV antigen may be selected from the group consisting of: capsid protein (L1) and (L2) or E1-E7, or a fusion thereof.
  • the HPV antigen is made into a virus-like particle (VLP).
  • Polyomaviruses include BK and JK viruses.
  • the polyomavirus antigen can be selected from VP 1, VP2 or VP3.
  • Vaccines Fourth Edition, (edited by Plotkin and Orenstein, 2004); Medical Microbiology, Fourth Edition, (Murray et al., 2002); Virology, The third edition, (WK Joklik, ed., 1988); Fundamental Virology, Second Edition, (BN Fields and DM Knipe, ed., 1991) also describes viral antigens, which are covered by the protein products of the present invention. antigen.
  • the protein preparation of the invention may comprise one or more immunogenic proteins suitable for use in a pediatric subject.
  • Pediatric subjects are generally younger than about 3 years old, or less than about 2 years old, or less than about 1 year old.
  • Pediatric antigens can be administered multiple times over a period of 6 months, 1 year, 2 years or 3 years.
  • Pediatric antigens can be derived from viruses that are susceptible to infection by viral and/or pediatric populations that target the pediatric population.
  • Pediatric viral antigens include antigens derived from one or more of the following viruses: Orthomyxovirus (flu), pneumovirus (RSV), paramyxovirus (PIV and mumps), measles virus (measles), togavirus (rubella) ), enterovirus (polio), HBV, coronavirus (SARS) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), EBV (EBV).
  • Orthomyxovirus flu
  • pneumovirus RSV
  • PIV and mumps paramyxovirus
  • measles virus measles
  • togavirus rubberella
  • enterovirus polio
  • HBV coronavirus
  • SARS coronavirus
  • VZV varicella-zoster virus
  • EBV EBV
  • the protein preparation of the invention may comprise one or more immunogenic proteins suitable for use in the elderly or immunocompromised individuals. These individuals may need to vaccinate higher doses or formulations formulated with adjuvants more frequently, thereby enhancing their immune response to the target antigen.
  • Antigens targeted for use in elderly or immunocompromised individuals include antigens derived from one or more of the following viruses: Orthomyxovirus (flu), pneumovirus (Rsv), paramyxovirus (PIV and mumps) Measles Virus (measles), togavirus (rubella), enterovirus (polio), HBV, coronavirus (SARS), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), EB virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) .
  • viruses include Orthomyxovirus (flu), pneumovirus (Rsv), paramyxovirus (PIV and mumps) Measles Virus (measles), togavirus (rubella), enterovirus (polio), HBV, coronavirus (SARS), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), EB virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) .
  • an alkylating agent can be used for the purified virus particles, such as virus particles present in the clarified cell culture medium, or for the virus particles purified from the clarified cell culture medium.
  • the method of the invention may involve removing the cellular material by clarification and then purifying the viral particles from the clarified cell culture medium, for example by chromatography.
  • An alkylating agent can be used for the viral particles purified in this manner, or an alkylating agent can be used after the optional ultrafiltration/diafiltration step.
  • the preferred method does not use an alkylating agent for the clarified supernatant of the infected cell culture fluid, but an alkylating agent for the viral particles purified from the clarified supernatant (see Morgeaux et al, Vaccine, 1993, 1 1 : 82-90).
  • the protein preparation of the invention comprises a recombinant protein produced by an engineered strain.
  • Vaccines of the invention can be prepared from viruses that have been propagated with cell culture. Furthermore, the invention encompasses recombinant protein preparations expressed in cell culture. Viral replication and recombinant protein expression are preferred mammalian cell cultures.
  • cell lines are known in the art, including cell lines derived from: human or non-human primate (e.g., monkey) cells (e.g., incorporated herein by reference in its entirety)
  • Suitable monkey cells are, for example, African green monkey cells, such as kidney cells in the Vero cell line.
  • Suitable canine cells are, for example, kidney cells in the MDCK cell line.
  • suitable cell lines include, but are not limited to, MDCK; CHO; 293T; BHK; Vero; MRC-5; PER.C6; WI-38;
  • the vaccine can be free of such as chicken DN A , egg protein (eg, ovalbumin and ovomucoid).
  • the cells are fixed (eg, PER.C6 cells; ECACC 96022940).
  • Preferred embodiments utilize mammalian cells which may be selected from and/or derived from one or more of the following non-limiting cell types: fibroblasts (eg, epidermis, lung), endothelial cells (eg, aorta) Cells, coronary cells, lung cells, vascular cells, epidermal microvascular cells, umbilical cord cells, hepatocytes, keratinocytes, immune cells (eg, T cells, B cells, macrophages, NK, dendritic cells), mammary glands Cells (eg, epithelial cells), smooth muscle cells (eg, vascular cells, aortic cells, coronary cells, arterial cells, uterine cells, bronchial cells, cervical cells, pericytes), melanocytes, nerve cells (eg , astrocytes, prostate cells, epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells), kidney cells (eg, epitheli
  • W097137000 and W097/37001 describe the preparation of animal cells and cell lines which can be grown in suspension and serum-free medium and which can be used to produce and replicate viruses, particularly influenza viruses. See W003/023021 and W003/023025 for further details.
  • Preferred mammalian cell lines for culturing influenza virus include: MDCK cells derived from Ma-Da's canine kidney; from Africa Aethiops) Vero cells of the kidney; or PER.C6 cells derived from human embryonic retinal cells. These cell lines are widely available, for example, from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), the Coriell Cell Repositories, or the European Cell Culture Collection (ECACC). For example, ATCC provides MDCK cells with various catalogue numbers CCL-81, CCL-8 1.2, CRL-1586 and CRL-1587, catalog number CCL-34.
  • PER.C6 is available from ECACC under accession number 96022940.
  • the most preferred cell line of the influenza virus is the MDCK cell line.
  • the original MDCK cell line can be obtained from ATCC as CCL-34, but derivatives of this cell line can also be used.
  • W097/37000 discloses a MDCK cell line ("MDCK 33016", deposited with DSM ACC 2219) suitable for growth in suspension media.
  • EP-A-1260581 discloses MDCK-derived cell lines ("B-702", deposited with FERM BP-7449) grown in serum-free culture suspensions.
  • W02006/071563 discloses non-tumorigenic MDCK cells, including "MDCK-S” (ATCC PTA-6500), “MDCK-SF 101" (ATCC) PTA-6501), “MDCK-SF 102" (ATCC PTA-6502) and “MDCK-SF 103" (PTA-6503).
  • WO2005/1 13758 discloses MDCK cell lines that are highly susceptible to infection, including "MDCK.SF1", cells (ATCC CRL-12042). Any of these MDCK cell lines can be used.
  • W097/37000, W097/3700 K W003/023021 and W003/023025 describe the manipulation of MDCK cell cultures in suspension and adherent media.
  • WO 03/023021 and WO 03/023025 describe laboratory and commercial scale cell culture volumes of MDCK suspension cells in serum-free medium, chemically defined medium, and protein-free medium. Each reference is incorporated herein in its entirety.
  • the cell lines used in the present invention may be derived from avian sources such as chickens, ducks, geese, cranes or pheasants.
  • Avian cell lines can be derived from a variety of developmental stages, including embryos, chicks, and adults. These cell lines are preferably derived from embryonic cells, such as embryonic fibroblasts, germ cells or individual organs, including neurons, brain, retina, 'dirty, liver, heart, muscle or extraembryonic tissues and membranes that protect the embryo.
  • Examples of avian cell lines include avian embryonic stem cells (WO 01/85938 and W003/076601) and duck visual reticulocytes (W02005/042728).
  • Suitable avian embryonic stem cells include EBx cell lines derived from chicken embryonic stem cells, EB45, EB 14 and EB 14-074 (W02006/108846). Chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) can also be utilized. These avian cells are particularly suitable for culturing influenza viruses.
  • insect cell expression systems such as baculovirus recombinant expression systems, which are described, for example, in Summers and Smith, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 1987, No. . 1555).
  • Materials and methods for baculovirus/insect cell expression systems are commercially available in the form of kits from Invitrogen, Inc. of San Diego, California, and the like.
  • Insect cells used in baculovirus expression vectors include Aedes aegypti, Autographs californica, (Bombyx foot r), Dmyop a melanogaster, and grasshoppers ⁇ Spodoptera Frugiperda) and powdery town night starry Trichoplusia ⁇ ), and so on.
  • Recombinantly expressed proteins can also be used in e.g. It is carried out in a bacterial host such as coH), Bacillus subtilis ⁇ Bacillus Wcb z'/z) and Streptococcus.
  • Yeast hosts suitable for recombinant expression of proteins include Saccharomyces cerevisiae OSacc/z rcw ⁇ ces cerevisiae), OmtZ ia albicans, Candic a maltosa, Jicmsenula polymorpha, Kluyveromyces cerevisiae ⁇ Kluyveromyces fragilis,, hole Pichia guillerimondii, pastoris pastoris, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Yarrow ia lipolytica.
  • the host cells used in the methods described herein are cultured in serum-free and/or protein-free medium.
  • the present invention refers to a medium in which serum additives other than human or animal sources are not referred to as serum-free medium.
  • Protein-free is understood to mean that the medium in which cell proliferation occurs is free of proteins, growth factors, other protein additives and non-serum proteins, but may optionally contain proteins required for virus growth, such as trypsin or other proteases.
  • the cells grown in this medium may naturally contain proteins themselves.
  • Known serum-free media include Iscove's medium, Ultm-CHO medium (BioWhittaker) or EX-CELL (JRH Bioscience's conventional serum-containing medium including Eagle's minimal medium ( BME) or minimal essential medium (MEM) (Eagle, Science, 130, 432 (1959)) or Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM or EDM), typically using up to 10% fetal calf serum or similar additives.
  • Essential medium (MEM) (Eagle, Science, 1959, 130: 432) or Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM or EDM) may optionally not use any serum-containing additives.
  • Protein-free medium is also well known in the art.
  • PF-CHO JHR Biosciences, JHR Bioscience
  • a chemically defined medium such as ProCHO 4CDM (Baivitak) or SMIF 7 (JiBick/BRL Life Technologies, Gibco/BRL Life Technologies)
  • mitogenic peptides such as Primactone, Pepticase or I-IyPepTM (both from International Exploration, Quest International) or whey protein hydrolysate (Gibco and other producers)
  • mitogenic peptides such as Primactone, Pepticase or I-IyPepTM (both from International Exploration, Quest International) or whey protein hydrolysate (Gibco and other producers)
  • a particular advantage of plant hydrolysate-based medium based additives is the elimination of contamination by viruses, mycoplasmas or unknown infectious agents.
  • cell culture conditions temperature, cell density, pH, etc.
  • these conditions can be improved to suit the requirements of specific viral growth conditions or recombinant expression details.
  • the total amount of residual DNA in the protein preparation of the present invention is preferably less than 20 ng/ml, for example, ⁇ 10 ng/ml, ⁇ 5 ng/mK ⁇ 1 ng/mK ⁇ 100 pg/mK ⁇ 10 pg/ml, and the like.
  • the test used to detect DNA is usually a validation test ("Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation", Center for Veterinary Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services (C) VM) (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM)). May 2001; Lundblad (2001) Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 34: 195-197).
  • Mathematical and quantifiable terms can be used to characterize the performance characteristics of the test and its possible sources of error have been identified. Features such as accuracy, precision, specificity, etc. of the test have been generally examined.
  • DNA testing can be performed routinely.
  • Three major DNA quantification techniques can be used: hybridization methods, such as the surgeon or groove blot (Ji et al, Biotechniques, 2002, 32: 1 162-7); immunoassay methods, such as the ThresholdTM system (Briggs, J Parenter SciTechnol. 1991, 45:7-12) and quantitative PCR (Lahijani, Hum Gene Ther. 1998, 9: 1 173-80).
  • hybridization methods such as the surgeon or groove blot (Ji et al, Biotechniques, 2002, 32: 1 162-7); immunoassay methods, such as the ThresholdTM system (Briggs, J Parenter SciTechnol. 1991, 45:7-12) and quantitative PCR (Lahijani, Hum Gene Ther. 1998, 9: 1 173-80).
  • the electrophoresis tank comprises a tank body 1, an anode 2, a cathode 3, an anode region 4, an intermediate region 5 and an agarose gel separation 7; the electrophoresis region is composed of two regions separated by an agarose gel separation 7
  • the anode region 4 and the intermediate region 5, respectively, the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are respectively Located in these two areas.
  • the electrophoresis tank includes a tank body 1, an anode 2, a cathode 3, an anode region 4, an intermediate portion 5, a cathode region 6, and an agarose gel separation 7; the electrophoresis region is separated by a seperate gel separated by 7
  • the composition of the regions is the anode region 4, the intermediate region 5 and the cathode region 6, respectively, and the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are respectively located in the anode region 4 and the cathode region 6 at both ends.
  • the electrophoresis tank comprises a tank body 1, an anode 2, a cathode 3, an anode region 4, an intermediate portion 5, a valve 8 and a connecting passage 9;
  • the electrophoresis region comprises two independent regions, an anode region 4 and an intermediate region, respectively. 5, they are connected by an electrophoresis channel 9, the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are respectively located in the anode region 4 and the intermediate region 5;
  • the electrophoresis channel 9 is provided with a valve 8.
  • the electrophoresis tank comprises a tank body 1, an anode 2, a cathode 3, an anode region 4, an intermediate region 5, a cathode region 6, a valve 8 and a connecting channel 9; the electrophoresis region comprises three independent regions, respectively an anode region. 4. Intermediate region 5 and cathode region 6, which are connected by electrophoretic channel 9, with anode 2 and cathode 3 in anode region 4 and cathode region 6, respectively; electrophoresis channel 9 with valve 8.
  • the electrophoresis tank includes a tank body 1, an anode 2, a cathode 3, an anode region 4, an intermediate portion 5, and a connecting passage 10;
  • the electrophoretic region is composed of two nested separable tubular structures and a connecting passage therebetween Composition 10:
  • the anode region 4 is located in the outer tube, the intermediate region 5 is located in the inner tube, and the anode 2 and cathode 3 are located in the anode region 4 and the intermediate region 5, respectively.
  • the electrophoresis tank includes a tank body 1, an anode 2, a cathode 3, an anode region 4, an intermediate portion 5, and a connecting passage 10;
  • the electrophoretic region consists of two nested separable tubular structures and a connecting passage therebetween Composition 10:
  • the anode region 4 is located in the inner tube, the intermediate region 5 is located in the outer tube, and the anode 2 and cathode 3 are located in the anode region 4 and the intermediate region 5, respectively.
  • the electrophoresis tank comprises a tank body 1, an anode 2, a cathode 3, an anode region 4, an intermediate portion 5, an agarose gel separation 7 and a selective nucleic acid separation member 10;
  • the electrophoresis region is composed of agarose gel or poly
  • the acrylamide gel is composed of two regions separated by 7 partitions, namely an anode region 4 and an intermediate region 5, respectively, in which the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are located;
  • the selective nucleic acid separation member 10 is located between the anode region and the intermediate region.
  • the electrophoresis tank comprises a tank body 1, an anode 2, a cathode 3, an anode region 4, an intermediate portion 5, a cathode region 6, an agarose gel separation 7 and a selective nucleic acid separation member 10; and an electrophoresis region consisting of agarose
  • the gel separation 7 is composed of three regions separated by an anode region 4, an intermediate region 5 and a cathode region 6, respectively, and an anode 2 and a cathode 3 are respectively located in the anode region 4 and the cathode region 6 at both ends;
  • the selective nucleic acid separation component 10 is located Between the anode region and the intermediate region or between.
  • the electrophoresis tank includes a tank body 1, an anode 2, a cathode 3, an anode region 4, an intermediate portion 5, a gate 8, a connecting channel 9, and a selective nucleic acid separating member 10;
  • the electrophoresis region includes two independent regions.
  • the anode region 4 and the intermediate region 5 are respectively connected by an electrophoresis channel 9, the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are respectively located in the anode region 4 and the intermediate region 5;
  • the electrophoresis channel 9 is provided with a valve 8; and the selective nucleic acid separation member 10 is located at the anode region. Between the middle area and the middle area.
  • the electrophoresis tank includes a tank body 1, an anode 2, a cathode 3, an anode region 4, an intermediate portion 5, a cathode region 6, a valve 8, a connecting passage 9, and a selective nucleic acid separating member 10;
  • the electrophoresis region includes three independent The regions are anode region 4, intermediate region 5 and cathode region 6, respectively, which are connected by electrophoresis channel 9, anode 2 and cathode 3 are located in anode region 4 and cathode region 6, respectively; electrophoresis channel 9 is provided with valve 8;
  • the nucleic acid separation member 10 is located between the anode region and the intermediate region.
  • Example 2. Nucleic Acid Molecules in Electroeluting Gels
  • the plasmid strip isolated in the agarose gel was recovered using a cannulated electrophoresis tank as shown in FIG.
  • Plasmid electrophoresis Take 20 uL (4 ug) of purified pGL3 (Promega) plasmid, mix it with 2 uL of loading buffer, load onto 1.2% agarose gel, and perform electrophoresis under 100V constant pressure. , the running buffer is 0.5x TBE;
  • the plasmid in the inner tube solution is subjected to ethanol precipitation, and the precipitate is dissolved in 10 uL of deionized water, and the purity of the plasmid is detected and quantified, and the recovery rate is calculated;
  • A260/280 is 1.91 and the recovery rate is 94%.
  • the protein bands separated in the PAGE gel were recovered using a cannulated electrophoresis tank as shown in FIG.
  • Protein electrophoresis Take 10 ug of bovine serum albumin (Sigma), mix with the loading buffer and load onto a 10% PAGE gel. The electrophoresis conditions are 200v/10mA, and the electrophoresis buffer is Tris-glycine. Protein electrophoresis buffer;
  • the nucleic acid component in the solution was concentrated using a two-chamber electrophoresis tank separated by an agarose gel as shown in FIG.
  • the volume of the anode area of the electrophoresis tank is 20 mL
  • the volume of the middle area is 200 mL
  • the width of the agarose strip is 1 cm
  • the top surface exceeds the liquid level of the electrophoresis buffer by 0.5 cm.
  • a separation is formed between the anode region and the intermediate region of the electrophoresis tank.
  • A260/280 is 1.87 and the recovery rate is 95%.
  • the nucleic acid and protein molecules are separated from the nucleic acid protein mixture using a separate two-chamber electrophoresis tank as shown in FIG.
  • the volume of the anode area of the electrophoresis tank is 20 mL, and the volume of the middle area is 200 mL.
  • a valve is installed in the electrophoresis channel connecting the anode area and the middle area.
  • Nucleic acid protein mixture Take 10 ug of purified pGL3 (Promega) plasmid and 10 mg of bovine serum albumin (Sigma), dissolved in 200 mL of 0.5x TBE, the final concentration of the plasmid is 50 ng/mL, and the final concentration of protein is 50. Ug/mL;
  • the recovery rate of plasmid DNA was 97%; the protein concentration in the anode region was 5 ug/mL, and the protein concentration in the middle region was 47 ug/mL.
  • the nucleic acid component in the solution was concentrated using a two-chamber electrophoresis tank separated by an agarose gel as shown in FIG.
  • the volume of the anode area of the electrophoresis tank is 20 mL
  • the volume of the middle area is 200 mL
  • the width of the agarose strip is 1 cm
  • the top surface exceeds the liquid level of the electrophoresis buffer by 0.5 cm, in the anode area and the middle area of the electrophoresis tank.
  • A260/280 is 1.97 and the recovery rate is 95%.
  • the nucleic acid component in the solution was concentrated using a two-chamber electrophoresis tank with a selective nucleic acid separation unit separated by an agarose gel as shown in FIG.
  • the volume of the anode area of the electrophoresis tank is 20 mL
  • the volume of the middle area is 200 mL
  • the width of the agarose strip is 1 cm
  • the top surface exceeds the liquid level of the electrophoresis buffer by 0.5 cm, in the anode area and the middle area of the electrophoresis tank.
  • the selective nucleic acid separation component is an activated DEAE cellulose membrane located in the nucleic acid transfer channel between the anode region and the intermediate region.
  • DEAE cellulose membrane activation Cut a piece of DEAE cellulose membrane (Schleicher & Schuell, NA-45) with the appropriate cross-section of the electrophoresis area, and soak for 5 minutes at room temperature under 10 mmol/L EDTA (pH 8.0); 0.5 mol/L NaOH was used instead of EDTA to activate the DEAE cellulose membrane, soaked at room temperature for 5 minutes, and then rinsed 6 times with sterile water;
  • the activated DEAE cellulose membrane is fixed in an electrophoresis tank on the anode side of the agarose gel;
  • step 7 Transfer the DEAE high salt buffer from step 7 to another container and add enough DEAE high salt buffer (50 mmol/L Tris-Cl, pH 8.0; 0.15 mol/L NaCl; 10 mmol/ L EDTA, pH 8.0) completely soaked the film at 65. Incubate for 15 minutes under C conditions;
  • the nucleic acid component in the solution was concentrated using a two-chamber electrophoresis tank with a selective nucleic acid separation unit separated by an agarose gel as shown in FIG.
  • the volume of the anode area of the electrophoresis tank is 20 mL
  • the volume of the middle area is 200 mL
  • the width of the agarose strip is 1 cm
  • the top surface exceeds the liquid level of the electrophoresis buffer by 0.5 cm, in the anode area and the middle area of the electrophoresis tank.
  • the selective nucleic acid separation component is a dialysis membrane of Union Carbide, and 0 is located in the nucleic acid transfer channel between the anode region and the intermediate region.
  • Dialysis membrane pretreatment Cut and dialysis membrane of appropriate size in the electrophoresis area, immerse in distilled water for 15 minutes to soften it; immerse in 10 mM sodium bicarbonate (sodium In bicarbonate), heat to 80. C, stir for more than 30 minutes; immerse in 10 mM Na2'EDTA for 30 minutes, treat with fresh EDTA three times; use 80 again. C Distilled water for 30 minutes, then changed to 20% alcohol and placed at 4. Saved in the C tank;
  • the pretreated dialysis membrane is fixed in the electrophoresis tank on the anode side of the agarose gel.
  • Nucleic acid protein mixture Take 10 ug of purified pGL3 (Promega) plasmid and 10 mg of bovine serum albumin (Sigma), dissolved in 200 mL of 0.5x TBE, the final concentration of the plasmid is 50 ng/mL, and the final concentration of protein is 50. Ug/mL;
  • the collected DNA solution was extracted once with phenol/chloroform; the aqueous phase was transferred to a centrifuge tube; 0.2 volume of 10 mol/L ammonium acetate was added, and the volume was 2 times.
  • C ethanol leave it at room temperature for 10 minutes; centrifuge at maximum speed for 10 minutes in a microcentrifuge; carefully wash the precipitate with 70% ethanol, let stand at room temperature, volatilize the ethanol, redissolve the DNA in 30 uL of deionized water, and recover the nucleic acid. Purity and quantification, calculate the recovery rate;
  • the nucleic acid recovery rate was 96%, and no protein was detected in the DEAE cellulose membrane washing solution.
  • the host nucleic acid component in the crude vaccine extract was removed using a two-chamber electrophoresis tank separated by agarose gel as shown in FIG.
  • the volume of the anode area of the electrophoresis tank is 20 mL
  • the volume of the middle area is 200 mL
  • the width of the agarose strip is 1 cm
  • the top surface exceeds the liquid level of the electrophoresis buffer by 0.5 cm, in the anode area and the middle area of the electrophoresis tank. A separation is formed between them.
  • A/Wyoming/3/2003 (H3N2) was cultured in suspension cultured MDCK cells.
  • the final medium is clarified to provide viral particles, which are then subjected to chromatography and ultrafiltration/diafiltration.
  • the virus particles in the obtained shield were inactivated by using ⁇ -propiolactone (final concentration 0.05% v/v; incubation at 2-8 ° C for 16-20 hours, followed by incubation at 37 ° C for 2-2.5 hours).
  • the CTAB is used to lyse the virus particles and other processing steps to obtain a crude extract of the monovalent virus vaccine containing the purified surface protein;
  • the concentration of the host nucleic acid in the crude vaccine extract is measured by the "DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit II" provided by Roche Applied Science;
  • the concentration of host nucleic acid in the intermediate region vaccine solution is measured by the "DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit II" provided by Roche Applied Science. Calculate the purification efficiency;
  • the concentration of the host nucleic acid in the crude extract of the vaccine was 10.3 ng/mL, and the residual concentration of the host nucleic acid after removal was 21.2 pg/mL, and the purification efficiency was 485 times.
  • the host nucleic acid component in the crude vaccine extract was removed using a two-chamber electrophoresis tank separated by agarose gel as shown in FIG.
  • the volume of the anode area of the electrophoresis tank is 20 mL
  • the volume of the middle area is 200 mL
  • the width of the agarose strip is 1 cm
  • the top surface exceeds the liquid level of the electrophoresis buffer by 0.5 cm, in the anode area and the middle area of the electrophoresis tank.
  • influenza virus (A/New Caledonian/20/99 (H1N1), A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2), B/Jiangsu/10/2003, A/Wyoming/3/2003 (H3N2)) was cultured in suspension cultured MDCK cells. The final medium is clarified to provide viral particles, which are then subjected to chromatography and ultrafiltration/diafiltration. The virus particles in the obtained material were inactivated by using ⁇ -propiolactone (final concentration 0.05% v/v; 2-8 ° C for 16-20 hours, followed by incubation at 37 ° C for 2-2.5 hours). Subsequently, the CTAB is used to lyse the virus particles and other processing steps to obtain a crude extract of the monovalent virus vaccine containing the purified surface protein;
  • the concentration of the host nucleic acid in the crude vaccine extract is measured by the "DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit II" provided by Roche Applied Science;
  • the concentration of host nucleic acid in the intermediate region vaccine solution is measured by the "DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit II" provided by Roche Applied Science. Calculating the concentration of nucleic acid in the vaccine solution after removal;
  • the concentration of the host nucleic acid in the crude extract of the vaccine was 10.3 ng/mL, and the residual concentration of the host nucleic acid after removal was 10.7 pg/mL, and the purification efficiency was 962 times.
  • Example 11 Host cell residual nucleic acid quantification based on selective nucleic acid isolation unit
  • the nucleic acid component in the solution was concentrated in a two-chamber electrophoresis tank with a selective nucleic acid separation unit separated by an agarose gel as shown in FIG.
  • the volume of the anode area of the electrophoresis tank is 20 mL
  • the volume of the middle area is 200 mL
  • the width of the agarose strip is 1 cm
  • the top surface exceeds the electrophoresis buffer.
  • the vaj liquid has a liquid level of 0.5 cm and forms a separation between the anode and intermediate regions of the electrophoresis tank.
  • the selective nucleic acid separation component is an activated DEAE cellulose membrane located in the nucleic acid transfer channel between the anode region and the intermediate region.
  • DEAE cellulose membrane Cut a piece of DEAE cellulose membrane (Schleicher & Schuell, NA-45) with the appropriate cross-section of the electrophoresis area, and soak for 5 minutes at room temperature under 10 mmol/L EDTA (pH 8.0); Soak the EDTA with 0.5 mol/L NaOH to activate the DEAE cellulose membrane, soak for 5 minutes at room temperature, then rinse 6 times with sterile water;
  • the activated DEAE cellulose membrane is fixed in an electrophoresis tank on the anode side of the agarose gel;
  • step 7 Transfer the DEAE high salt buffer from step 7 to another container and add enough DEAE high salt buffer (50 mmol/L Tris-Cl, pH 8.0; 0.15 mol/L NaCl; 10 The membrane was completely immersed at 65 with mmol/L EDTA, pH 8.0. Incubate for 15 minutes under C conditions; combine two DEAE high salt buffers;
  • the collected DEAE high salt solution is extracted once with phenol/chloroform; the aqueous phase is transferred to a centrifuge tube; 0.2 volume of 10 mol/L ammonium acetate is added, 2 times volume 4.
  • C ethanol stand at room temperature for 10 minutes; centrifuge with a microcentrifuge at maximum speed for 10 minutes; carefully wash the precipitate with 70% ethanol, let stand at room temperature, volatilize the ethanol, redissolve the DNA in 30 uL of deionized water for spectrophotometer Quantitatively calculate the amount of nucleic acid in the crude extract;

Abstract

本发明提供了一种核酸的分离方法,具体来讲是根据核酸分子在溶液中的电荷性质,使其在电场中得到选择性分离的方法;进一步的,本发明提供了用于该方法的分离装置、以及该方法及装置在核酸分离中的应用。本发明具体提供了一种电泳槽作为分离装置及包含该电泳槽的电泳系统,本发明提供的电泳槽包括至少两个固定分隔的或可操作性分隔的电泳区域,在不影响大分子正常电泳行为的情况下,这些分隔使不同电泳区域内的溶液以及其中的大分子能够被单独收集。

Description

一种核酸分离的方法及其应用 背景技术
电泳是指带电荷的粒子或分子在电场中移动的现象。 1809年俄国 物理学家 Pehce首先发现了电泳现象,但直到 1937年,瑞典科学家 Arne Tiselius才组装了世界上第一台界面电泳仪。 随后, 电泳技术得到广泛 应用, 并继而发展出多种基于不同载体的电泳技术。 结合增染试剂如 银氨染色、 考马斯亮蓝等的使用大大提高了生物样品的着色与分辨能 力, 免疫技术的应用更是将分辨率提高到微量和超微量水平, 促进电 泳技术应用于分析化学、 生物化学、 临床化学、 毒剂学、 药理学、 免 疫学、 微生物学、 食品化学等众多学科和不同的领域。
在电场作用下, 带负电荷的分子向阳极方向移动, 带正电荷的分 子向阴极方向移动。 在单位电场强度的作用下, 带电粒子在单位时间 内移动的距离 (即迁移率) 为一个常数, 反映了该带电粒子的物化特 征。 不同带电粒子因所带电荷不同, 或虽所带电荷相同但荷质比不同, 在同一电场中经过一段时间的电泳后, 由于移动距离不同而相互分离, 分开的距离与外加电场的电压与电泳时间成正比。 这种利用电泳现象 使物质分离的技术叫做电泳技术。 生物大分子如蛋白质、 核酸、 多糖 等大多都有阳离子和阴离子基团, 均能通过电泳技术得到分离。
电泳所需的仪器主要有电源和电泳槽。 要使荷电的生物大分子在 电场中泳动, 必须施加外加电场, 且电泳的分辨率和电泳速度与电泳 时的电参数密切相关。 电泳槽是电泳系统中的核心部分, 根据电泳的 原理, 电泳支持物都是放在两个电极緩沖液之间, 电场通过电泳支持 物连接两个緩冲液, 不同电泳方式采用不同的电泳槽。
目前所采用的电泳技术主要分为移动界面电泳、 等点聚焦电泳和 区带电泳等几种类型。 移动界面电泳是将需要被分离的离子混合物置 于电泳槽的一端, 电泳开始后, 使带电粒子向另一极移动, 泳动速度 最快的离子走在最前面, 其他离子依电泳速度快慢顺序排列, 形成不 同的区带。等电聚焦电泳则是将两性电解质加入盛有 pH梯度緩沖液的 电泳槽中, 当其处在低于其自身等电点的緩冲液中则带正电荷, 向负 极移动; 若其处在高于其自身等电点的緩冲液中, 则带负电向正极移 动。 当这些物质泳动到其自身特有的等电点緩冲液中时, 其净电荷变 为零, 于是停止泳动, 这样具有不同等电点的物质最后聚焦在各自等 电点位置, 形成一个个清晰的区带, 分辨率很高。
区带电泳是生物医学研究中最常用的一种电泳技术。 在均一载体 电解质中, 将样品加在一定的支持物上; 在电场作用下, 样品中带正 电荷或负电荷的离子分别向负极或正极以不同速度移动, 彼此分离形 成一个个隔开的区带。 按支持物不同的物理性状, 区带电泳可分为 1) 滤纸电泳; 2) 粉末电泳: 如纤维素粉、 淀粉、 玻璃粉电泳; 3) 凝胶电 泳: 如琼脂、 琼脂糖、 硅胶、 淀粉胶、 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳; 4) 缘线 电泳: 如尼龙丝和人造丝电泳。 按支持物的装置类型, 可将区带电泳 可分 1) 平板式电泳: 支持物水平放置, 是最常用的电泳方式; 2) 垂 直板电泳: 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶可做成垂直板式电泳; 3) 柱状 (管状)电泳: 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶可灌入适当的电泳管中做成管状电泳。按 pH的连续性 不同, 区带电泳可分为 1) 连续 pH电泳: 如纸电泳和醋酸纤维素薄膜 电泳; 2) 非连续 pH电泳: 如聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳。
区带电泳技术在生物医学研究中具有广泛的应用领域。 以蛋白的 研究为例, 1)聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳可用于蛋白质纯度的鉴定。 聚丙烯酰 胺凝胶电泳同时具有电荷效应和分子筛效应 , 可以将分子大小相同而 带不同数量电荷的物质分离开, 并且还可以将带相同数量电荷而分子 大小不同的物质分离开, 其分辨率远远高于一般层析方法和电泳方法, 且重复性好, 没有电渗作用。 2) SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳可用于测定 蛋白质分子量。 其原理是带大量电荷的 SDS结合到蛋白质分子上, 克 服了蛋白质分子原有电荷的影响而得到恒定的荷 /质比, 测定时间短, 分辨率高, 并且仅需要极微量样品(l-100ug)。 3) 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 可用于蛋白质定量。 电泳后的凝胶经凝胶扫描仪扫描, 从而给出定量 的结果。4) 琼脂或琼脂糖凝胶免疫电泳可用于检查蛋白质制剂的纯度、 分析蛋白盾混合物的组分、 研究抗血清制剂中是否具有抗某种已知抗 原的抗体、 以及检验两种抗原是否相同等。
在生物实验中,经常需要将电泳分离的大分子物质从电泳载体(琼 脂糖凝胶或聚丙烯酰胺凝胶) 中回收回来, 从而能够做进一步的分析。 在这个过程中,最关键的考虑因素包括回收产物的质量(纯度和浓度)、 回收效率、 以及操作的方便程度。 1) 回收产物质量是其中最关键的一 个技术指标。 在常规回收过程中, 普通级别的琼脂糖带有一些性状不 明的多糖, 会连同 DNA—起从凝胶中抽提出来。 这些不明物质可能会 强烈抑制后继的连接、酶切、或者标记、扩增等反应。对于大片断 DNA 回收, 回收产物的质量还包括 DNA片段的完整性, 而对于较小片断而 言, 回收产物的浓度是一个重要的考虑因素。 2) 回收得率是另一个重 要的参数。 由于电泳上样量通常都很少, 电泳过程的本身也会导致样 品的分散和损失, 因而尽可能多的回收电泳凝胶条带中的目的片断, 提高产物得率, 对于后继研究来说是非常重要的。 3) 操作的方便程度 是另一个关键的因素, 因为胶回收是一个基本的实验操作, 需要建立 一种简单、 快速、 低成本的研究手段。
在实验室应用的多种胶回收操作中, 最简单的方法是将包含分离 的大分子的凝胶块切下来, 通过机械破碎和长时间的緩沖液洗脱, 使 分离的大分子从胶中扩散出来。
低熔点琼脂糖凝胶是另一种较为简单的胶回收技术。 用低熔点琼 脂糖制备凝胶, 电泳后切割目的条带, 在 TE溶液中保温使凝胶融化, 用传统的酚氯仿抽提、 乙醇沉淀。 这个方法需要用到酚氯仿等有机试 剂, 并且耗时较长。
玻璃奶 /纯化填料胶回收法是另一个较为灵活回收方法。 首先将电 泳凝胶的条带切下, 在提供的溶液中将胶溶解, 加入纯化填料吸附混 合, 快速离心沉淀去上清, 洗涤沉淀后, 用洗脱液纯化介质中吸附的 核酸片断。 这个方法适合各种不同大小的片断, 特别是大片断的回收, 但是操作就较前者复杂一些, 涉及到多次离心沉淀和取上清。
DEAE 纤维素膜纸片法及其改良法也是一种较为传统的胶回收技 术。 首先将 DEAE纤维素膜裁成小条进行活化处理; 电泳一段时间后, 在目的条带前切一刀, 将比条带略宽的 DEAE纤维素膜插入切口, 继 续电泳一会儿, 条带上的 DNA被膜片截留, 取出膜片沖洗后转移到离 心管中加緩沖液保温洗脱, 然后进行酚氯仿抽提和乙醇沉淀。 显而易 见, 这种手工回收方法对实验人员的技术要求较高, 重复性差, 并且 不适合大规模操作。
除了这些较为传统的方法以外, 电洗脱技术目前在生物研究领域 被广泛使用。 电洗脱 (electroelution) 是指通过电泳, 将在某些支持物中 含有的目的成分迁移出来的技术。 具体做法是将含待分离的大分子的 凝胶放在一个用半透膜隔离的空间中, 通过电泳的电流使得 DNA离开 凝胶进入液相, 回收液相后纯化其中的 DNA分子。 利用电洗脱技术, 近年来开发出了一系列方便适用的电洗脱装置, 包括 US Pat. No. 4,552,640、 US Pat. No. 4,545,888、 US Pat. No.4,699,706、 US Pat. No.4,608,147、 US Pat. No.4,964961和 US Pat. No.5,340,449。 电洗脱条 件温和, 操作简单, 对琼脂糖没有特殊要求, 同时还可以用于丙烯酰 胺凝胶中的片断回收或者是蛋白质的回收; 与其他传统的胶回收技术 相比, 具有较大的优势。 但由于半透膜的选择性透过性质, 需要按照 被分离分子的大小, 选择合适的半透膜, 使得该技术在应用上受到一 定的限制; 另外, 半透膜对回收产物的吸附也是一个不容忽视的问题。
因此, 针对生物大分子的分离和纯化, 还需要开发有效的仪器和 方法。
预防接种传统上是针对传染病综合性预防的重要措施之一, 疫苗 的免疫效果和安全性备受关注。 目前包括重组 (CHO细胞) 乙肝疫苗 和 Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗在内的很多疫苗都是细胞培养疫苗, 在疫苗的 生产过程中不可避免地混入了宿主细胞核酸的污染。 如果用混有宿主 细胞基因组 DNA (核酸) 的蛋白疫苗免疫人体, 将有可能产生不可预 料的后果, 可能造成受体基因的插入突变, 导致抑癌基因失活或癌基 因被激活等严重后果。
考虑到这些潜在的风险, 国际以及各国的医疗卫生机构都对疫苗 制品中 DNA的残留制定了相关标准。 1986年世界卫生组织规定, 用细 胞系生产的疫苗每支 DNA的残留不能超过 100 pg, 而在 1997年美国 药品食品卫生监督局规定在美国使用的细胞系疫苗 DNA残留不能超过 10 pg, 目前我国按照世卫组织的标准,规定每支疫苗的 DNA残留不能 超过 100 pg。这些严格的质量标准使得去除疫苗中的 DNA成为生产过 程中的一个关键的技术瓶颈。
制备病毒疫苗的传统工艺是采用超滤浓缩、 分子筛层析纯化等手 段进行纯化, 缺陷是制备的疫苗中宿主 DNA的残留量较高。 为了克服 这个缺陷, 有的研究人员通过改变超滤浓缩的倍数和层析柱的连接方 式, 降低宿主 DNA的残留量。 去除宿主细胞 DNA残留的另一种方法 是采用 DNA酶处理。 欧洲专利 0870508和美国专利 5948410披露了这 种类型的常规方法。其涉及两步处理,首先用 DN A酶(例如 , Benzonase ) 处理, 然后用阳离子洗涤剂 (例如, CTAB )处理。 尽管这些措施在一 定程度上改善了疫苗制品的品质, 但纯化效率不高、 技术稳定性较差, 未能从根本上解决疫苗中的宿主 DNA残留的问题。 因此, 本领域还需 要开发新的核酸分离方法。
为了严格控制疫苗生产及终产品中 DNA的残留, 在疫苗生产的整 个过程中要对 DNA 含量的变化进行全程监控, 以便了解每个环节在 DNA去除方面的能力。 这就需要建立敏感而稳定的检测技术, 目前鉴 定疫苗中 DNA残留量的方法主要有三种: 分子杂交法、 基于 DNA结 合蛋白的方法, 和实时荧光定量 PCR法。
分子杂交法检测疫苗中的 DNA残留, 是基于不同标记的 DNA探 针与固定在硝酸纤维素膜上的宿主细胞 DNA之间的杂交, 通过标记分 子检测与宿主细胞形成杂交的探针的量, 进而推测宿主细胞 DNA的含 量。 通常可以用不同的标记物对 DNA探针进行标记, 包括标记酶、 生 物素、 放射性同位素、 地高辛等。 由于地高辛标记核酸探针的高灵敏 度和操作上的便利, 目前被广泛使用。
基于 DNA结合蛋白的检测方法是利用两种能与 DNA非特异性结 合的蛋白质, 单链 DNA结合蛋白和抗单链 DNA抗体。 检测的基本过 程是, 使生物素 -DNA单链结合蛋白或尿素酶-抗单链 DNA 的单抗与 被检测的宿主细胞 DNA 结合, 利用亲合素将此复合物连接到生物素- 硝酸纤维素膜, 尿素酶催化尿素分解成 NH3和 C02 导致 pH值发生变 化, 根据 pH值的变化推算被结合的 DNA的含量。
荧光定量 PCR是另一种广泛使用的 DNA检测技术, 利用 PCR 扩 增原理, 在加入一对扩增引物的同时加入一个特异性的荧光探针, 产 物的增加可以通过荧光信号指示, 通过实时监控 PCR体系中的荧光信 号的变化,推测样本中初始模板的定量。 定量 PCR可实时检测产物量, 通过加入已知浓度的标准样品绘制标准曲线, 然后根据待测样品在标 准曲线中的位置推算初始模板的浓度。
虽然这三种检测方法在实际工作中均得到了合理的应用, 但不难 看出这三种检测方法均是对疫苗样本中核酸成分的间接检测, 在稳定 性、 灵敏性以及使用的方便程度上还存在可优化空间。 尽管存在这种 可能性, 低浓度核酸的定量检测在技术上仍然是一个巨大的挑战, 目 前还没有成熟的能够通用的解决方案, 尤其是对疫苗或其他蛋白制品 中的 DNA残留这种无明显序列特征的核酸样本的检测。 发明内容
本发明要解决的一个技术问题是如何高效、 简便、 低成本地分离 大分子物质。 本发明最重要的技术改进是通过电泳使电荷性质不同的 大分子分布于被分隔或可操作性分隔的不同电泳区域内, 通过单独收 集不同电泳区域内的溶液, 实现对不同大分子的分离。
一方面, 本发明提供了一种电泳槽, 该电泳槽包括至少两个固定 分隔的或可操作性分隔的电泳区域, 在不影响大分子正常电泳行为的 情况下, 这些分隔使不同电泳区域内的溶液能够被单独收集。
另一方面, 本发明提供了一种电泳槽, 该电泳槽包括两个固定分 隔的或可操作性分隔的电泳区域, 在不影响大分子正常电泳行为的情 况下, 这些分隔使不同电泳区域内的溶液能够被单独收集。
另一方面, 本发明提供了一种电泳槽, 该电泳槽包括三个固定分 隔的或可操作性分隔的电泳区域, 在不影响大分子正常电泳行为的情 况下, 这些分隔使不同电泳区域内的溶液能够被单独收集。
根据本发明, 用于固定分隔不同电泳区域的材料包括但不限于琼 脂糖凝胶、 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、 带孔的固相支持物。
根据本发明, 用于可操作性分隔不同电泳区域的方式包括阀门、 开关、 可阻断的流道。
根据本发明, 所提供的电泳槽包括槽体、 阳极、 阴极和电泳区域; 电泳区域由被琼脂糖凝胶或聚丙烯酰胺凝胶分隔的三个区域组成, 阳 极和阴极分别位于两端的区域中。
根据本发明, 所提供的电泳槽包括槽体、 阳极、 阴极和电泳区域; 电泳区域包括三个独立的区域, 所述区域经电泳通道连接, 阳极和阴 极分别位于两端的独立区域内; 电泳通道带有可操作的分隔装置。
根据本发明, 所提供的电泳槽包括槽体、 阳极、 阴极和电泳区域; 其中, 电泳区域由两个嵌套的可分离的筒状或管状结构以及它们之间 的连接通道组成。
根据本发明, 所提供的电泳槽还可包括选择性核酸分离部件。 应 当理解, 选择性核酸分离部件包括所有能够利用核酸成分的物理、 化 学、 以及生物学性质, 使核酸选择性地富集 (包括阻滞、 吸附、 粘附) 在核酸分离部件上。 具体包括但不限于利用核酸分离部件的分子筛效 应、 核酸的电荷性质、 分子大小、 长短、 亲和性实现核酸分离的各种 方式; 优选的, 核酸分离部件包括 DEAE纤维素膜、 透析膜、 半透膜 或滤膜。
另一方面, 本发明提供了一种电泳系统, 该电泳系统包括电源以 及本发明提供的电泳槽。
另一方面, 本发明提供了所述电泳系统在大分子的分离、 电洗脱 和浓缩中的应用。
根据本发明, 所述的大分子包括核酸分子、 蛋白质分子、 碳水化 合物分子及病毒颗粒。
根据本发明, 所述电泳系统在核酸与蛋白分离中的应用。
本发明要解决的第二个技术问题是如何高效、 简便、 低成本地分 离疫苗或其他蛋白溶液中的核酸及蛋白组分, 并精确测定其含量。 这 一技术方案最重要的技术改进是, 利用核酸与蛋白分子在设定溶液条 件下电荷性质的不同, 通过施加外加电场, 使其分别分布于被分隔或 被可操作性分隔的不同电泳区域, 通过单独收集这些区域内的溶液, 实现核酸与蛋白成分的分离。
一方面, 本发明提供了一种核酸分离方法。 利用核酸分子在溶液 中不同于其他成分的电荷性质, 本发明通过对溶液施加外加电场, 使 其中的核酸分子选择性地转移到一个被分隔的或被可操作性分隔的区 域中, 实现核酸分子与其他溶液成分的分离。 本发明利用上述提供的 电泳槽, 在不影响大分子正常电泳行为的情况下, 所述分隔使不同电 泳区域内的溶液能够被单独收集。 在核酸分离过程中, 可以将核酸分 子加入到电泳槽的一个被分隔或被可操作性分隔的区域内 (定义为: 起始区域) ; 通过施加电场, 使其向另一个被分隔或被可操作性分隔 的区域 (定义为: 收集区域) 内转移, 从而实现核酸分子与其他溶液 成分的分离。
一方面, 本发明提供了一种核酸浓缩方法。 通过设置起始区域和 收集区域之间不同的溶液体积比, 实现核酸成分的浓缩。 例如, 将起 始区域溶液的体积设置为 100 mL, 将收集区域溶液的体积设置为 10 mL, 在分离过程中, 使 100 mL起始溶液中的核酸成分通过电泳, 选 择性的转移到 10 mL收集溶液中, 这样收集区域中溶液的核酸浓度就 是起始区域中溶液的核酸浓度的 10倍, 也就是说, 实现了起始溶液中 核酸的 10被浓缩。 应当理解, 起始区域和收集区域溶液的体积比可以 在很大的范围内按需要任意调整, 实现溶液中核酸不同浓缩的比例, 调整范围可以设置为例如 1/2 - 1/1,000,000; 同样应当理解, 起始区域 和收集区域溶液的实际体积可以按照需要在很大的范围内任意设置, 实现不同体积溶液中核酸的浓缩, 起始区域溶液的体积可以设置为例 50 uL - 1 ,000,000 L。
另一方面, 本发明进一步提供了一种核酸浓缩方法。 通过在连接 起始区域和收集区域的核酸转移通道上设置能选择性分离核酸的部 件, 使核酸在局部区域得到富集, 达到分离、 浓缩溶液中核酸成分的 技术效果。 应当理解, 选择性核酸分离部件包括所有能够利用核酸成 分的物理、 化学、 以及生物学性质, 使核酸选择性地富集 (包括阻滞、 吸附、 粘附) 在核酸分离部件上。 具体包括但不限于利用核酸分离部 件的分子筛效应、 核酸的电荷性质、 分子大小、 长短、 亲和性实现核 酸分离的各种方式; 优选的, 核酸分离部件包括 DEAE纤维素膜、 透 析膜、 半透膜或滤膜。
一方面, 本发明提供了一种低浓度核酸样本中核酸成分含量的直 接检测方法。 通过利用本发明提供的核酸浓缩方法和装置, 首先将较 大体积的低浓度核酸样本中的核酸成分进行浓缩, 使浓缩后的核酸含 量适合核酸含量的直接检测技术, 包括但不限于紫外分光光度法、 核 酸中糖或磷含量的检测、 核酸水解成单核苷酸后的检测。 相比于目前 广泛使用的低浓度核酸的间接检测技术(分子杂交法、 基于 DNA结合 蛋白的方法、 实时荧光定量 PCR法) , 本发明提供的直接检测方法具 有更高的准确性和稳定性。
一方面, 本发明提供了一种所述核酸分离方法在分离样本中核酸 的应用。
另一方面, 本发明提供了一种分离核酸 /蛋白混合物中的核酸或蛋 白成分的方法。
另一方面, 本发明提供了一种分离疫苗制品中的核酸或蛋白成分 的方法。
另一方面, 本发明提供了一种检测样本中核酸成分的含量的方法。 另一方面, 本发明提供了一种检测疫苗制品中核酸成分的含量的 方法。 一方面, 本发明提供了一种利用本发明提供的方法或电泳槽制备 的低核酸含量的蛋白制品。
另一方面, 本发明提供了一种利用本发明提供的方法或电泳槽制 备的低核酸含量的疫苗。
另一方面, 本发明提供了一种利用本发明提供的方法或电泳槽制 备的低核酸含量的疫苗, 在疫苗制备过程中, 还包含核酸降解步骤、 以及使核酸与蛋白解离的步骤。
根据本发明, 所提供的核酸分离过程还包括使核酸降解的步骤。 应该理解, 能够使核酸降解的任何方法均可应用于该过程中, 包括但 不限于用特异性或非特异性核酸降解酶处理核酸 /蛋白样本使核酸成分 降解, 用 DNA烷基化剂例如 β-丙内酯(BLP )处理核酸 /蛋白样本使残 留的核酸成分降解成小片段,
根据本发明, 所提供的核酸分离过程还包括使核酸 /蛋白复合体解 离的步骤。 应该理解, 能够使核酸 /蛋白复合体解离的任何方法均可应 用于该过程中, 包括但不限于有限加热、 SDS处理、 超声处理等。
本发明的有益效果
本发明利用固定分隔或可操作性分隔将电泳槽分隔成若干电泳区 域, 在不影响大分子正常电泳行为的情况下, 使不同大分子根据其自 身的电荷性质, 在电场作用下分布于不同的电泳区域中, 通过分别收 集不同区域内的溶液, 使其中分别存在的大分子物质得到分离。 本发 明分离的大分子包括但不限于核酸、 蛋白、 碳水化合物、 以及病毒颗 粒。 与现有技术相比, 本发明提供的分离装置及技术能够更简便、 高 效、 低成本地分离大分子物质。 本发明尤其提供了一种使核酸 /蛋白溶 液中的核酸及蛋白组分分离的方法、 装置及其应用。 与现有技术相比, 本发明提供的分离方法及装置一方面, 能够更简便、 高效、 低成本地 去除疫苗制品中宿主细胞 DNA的残留, 使蛋白疫苗得到纯化; 另一方 面, 能够更简便、 高效、 低成本地分离疫苗中宿主细胞 DNA的微量残 留, 使直接检测宿主细胞 DNA的含量成为可能, 提高了检测的灵敏度 和稳定性。 附图说明
图 1. 一种琼脂糖分隔的两腔电泳槽示意图。 图 2. —种琼脂糖分隔的三腔电泳槽示意图。
图 3. —种分离的两腔电泳槽示意图。
图 4. 一种分离的三腔电泳槽示意图。
图 5. —种套管式电泳槽示意图。
图 6. —种套管式电泳槽示意图。
图 7. —种分隔的带选择性核酸分离部件的两腔电泳槽示意图。 图 8. —种分隔的带选择性核酸分离部件的三腔电泳槽示意图。 图 9. 一种分离的带选择性核酸分离部件的两腔电泳槽示意图。 图 10. —种分离的带选择性核酸分离部件的三腔电泳槽示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明所提供的电泳系统包括电源和电泳槽, 电泳槽包括槽体、 阳极、 阴极、 阳极与阴极之间的电泳区域。 其中, 电泳区域被固定分 隔或可操作性分隔分成至少两个区域, 这些固定或临时性分隔在不影 响大分子正常电泳行为的情况下, 使各区域内的溶液及存在于其中的 大分子样本可被单独收集, 从而实现大分子物质的分离回收。 电泳槽 槽体可由合适的材料制造, 包括但不限于玻璃、 有机玻璃、 塑料、 树 脂、 聚丙烯、 丙烯酸树脂或类似材料。 电泳槽槽体可以为合适的任何 形状, 包括但不限于方形、 长方形、 三角形、 圆形、 圆筒形、 球形、 锥形或不同形状的组合。 被分隔的电泳区域按照与电极的关系, 可以 分为阳极区域、 阴极区域和中间区域; 各区域的体积可以在 10 uL或以 上体积自由设置, 以适应电泳槽的不同用途。
根据本发明, 用于将电泳槽固定分隔成不同区域的材料可以选自 琼脂糖凝胶、 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、 以及带孔或微孔的固相支持物; 固相 支持物可以包括除透析膜、 半透膜、 滤膜和滤纸以外的其他合适的材 料, 包括但不限于有机玻璃、 塑料、 树脂、 聚丙烯、 丙烯酸树脂或类 似材料。
根据本发明, 用于将电泳槽可操作性分隔成不同区域的方式可以 包括阀门、 开关、 可阻断性流道、 或将不同的电泳区域拆卸分离。 可 阻断性流道是指连接不同电泳区域的流道可被物理方式阻断, 从而实 现可操作性分隔, 具体的阻断方式包括但不限于用止血钳夹住、 折叠 流道实现分隔、 插入阻挡物实现分隔。 等电点与溶质的电荷性质
两性离子所带电荷因溶液的 pH值不同而改变, 当两性离子正负电 荷数值相等时, 溶液的 pH值即其等电点。 当外界溶液的 pH大于两性 离子的 pi 值, 两性离子释放质子带负电。 ; 反之, 当外界溶液的 pH 小于两性离子的 pi值, 两性离子盾子化带正电。 在某一 pH的溶液中, 氨基酸解离成阳离子和阴离子的趋势及程度相等, 所带净电荷为零, 呈电中性, 此时溶液的 pH称为该氨基酸的等电点。
核酸的等电点比较低, DNA的等电点为 4-4.5 , RNA的等电点为 2-2.5。 中性氨基酸的羧基解离程度大于氨基, 其 pi偏酸, pi值略小于 7.0; 酸性氨基酸的羧基解离程度更大, pi明显小于 7.0; 碱性氨基酸的 氨基解离程度明显大于羧基等, 故其 pi大于 7.0。
本发明所提供的核酸分离技术的关键点在于, 利用溶液中核酸分 子与其他溶质不同的电荷性质, 使其选择性地分布于分隔的或可操作 分隔的不同的区域内, 实现核酸与其他溶质的分离。 在本发明中, 可 以通过改变溶液的 pH值, 对不同溶质的电荷性质进行调整, 从而实现 最佳的分离效果。 应当理解, 为了适应核酸与不同溶质之间的分离, 所述溶液的 pH值可以在很大范围内进行调整, 例如 pH 1-13 , 优选的 溶液 pH范围为 pH2-7, 更优选的 pH 4-7。
分离装置
本发明所提供的分离核酸用途的电泳槽包括槽体、 阳极、 阴极、 阳极与阴极之间的电泳区域。 其中, 电泳区域被固定分隔或可操作性 分隔分成至少两个区域, 这些固定或临时性分隔在不影响大分子正常 电泳行为的情况下, 使各区域内的溶液及存在于其中的大分子样本可 被单独收集, 从而实现大分子物质的分离回收。
根据本发明, 本发明所提供的电泳槽还可以包括选择性核酸分离 部件。 所述选择性核酸分离部件包括所有能够利用核酸成分的物理、 化学、 以及生物学性质, 使核酸选择性地阻滞、 吸附、 粘附在核酸分 离部件上。 具体包括但不限于利用核酸分离部件的分子筛效应、 核酸 的电荷性质、 分子大小、 长短、 亲和性实现核酸分离的各种方式; 优 选的, 核酸分离部件包括 DEAE纤维素膜、 透析膜、 半透膜或滤膜。
电泳槽槽体可由合适的材料制造, 包括但不限于玻璃、 有机玻璃、 塑料、 树脂、 聚丙烯、 丙烯酸树脂或类似材料。 电泳槽槽体可以为合 适的任何形状, 包括但不限于方形、 长方形、 三角形、 圆形、 圆筒形、 球形、 锥形或不同形状的组合。 被分隔的电泳区域按照与电极的关系, 可以分为阳极区域、 阴极区域和中间区域; 各区域的体积可以在 lO uL 或以上体积自由设置, 以适应电泳槽的不同用途。
根据本发明, 用于将电泳槽固定分隔成不同区域的材料可以选自 琼脂糖凝胶、 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、 以及带孔或微孔的固相支持物; 固相 支持物包括但不限于有机玻璃、 塑料、 树脂、 聚丙烯、 丙烯酸树脂或 类似材料。
根据本发明, 用于将电泳槽可操作性分隔成不同区域的方式可以 包括阀门、 开关、 可阻断性流道、 或将不同的电泳区域拆卸分离。 可 阻断性流道是指连接不同电泳区域的流道可被物理方式阻断, 从而实 现可操作性分隔, 具体的阻断方式包括但不限于用止血钳夹住、 折叠 流道实现分隔、 插入阻挡物实现分隔。
免疫原性蛋白
适用于本发明的蛋白可衍生自疫苗靶标的任何病毒, 可将免疫原 性蛋白质配制成灭活病毒、 减毒病毒、 裂解病毒制剂、 纯化的亚单位 制剂、 或从某种病毒分离纯化或衍生的病毒蛋白或病毒颗粒。
适用于本发明的蛋白可以是病毒抗原, 这些抗原优选包括在病毒 生命周期的至少一个阶段暴露于其表面的表位; 优选的, 病毒抗原在 多种血清型或分离物中是保守的。
适用于本发明的蛋白包括衍生自一种或多种以下所列病毒的抗 原。 病毒可以是无包膜的, 或者优选有包膜的。 病毒优选 RNA病毒, 更优选 ssRNA病毒。 它们可具有正义基因组, 或优选具有反义基因组。 它们的基因组可以非节段的, 或者优选节段的。
正粘病毒: 病毒抗原可衍生自正粘病毒, 例如曱型、 乙型和丙型 流感病毒。 正粘病毒抗原可选自一种或多种病毒蛋白质, 包括血凝素 (HA)、 神经氨酸酶 (NA)、 核蛋白 (NP)、 基质蛋白质 (Ml)、 膜蛋白 (M2)、 一种或多种转录酶组分 (PB1、 PB 2和 PA); 优选的, 抗原包括 HA和 NA。
流感抗原可衍生自流行病爆发间的年度流感毒株。 或者, 流感抗 原可以衍生自可能导致流行病爆发的毒株 (即与目前的流行毒株相比, 具有新血凝素的流感毒株, 或者在禽类对象中致病并可能平行转移至 人群的流感毒株, 或对人致病的流感毒株)。 取决于具体的季节和疫苗 所包含的抗原性质, 流感抗原可以衍生自以下一种或多种血凝素亚型:
Hl、 H2、 H3、 H4、 H5、 H6、 H7、 H8、 H9、 H 10、 Hl l、 H12、 H13、 H14、 H15或 H16。
本发明的流感抗原可以衍生自禽流感毒株, 特别是高致病性禽流 感毒株 HPAI (Alexander, Avian Dis. 2003 47: 976-81)。
流感病毒抗原的进一步细节见下文。
副粘病毒科病毒: 病毒抗原建议衍生自副乳病毒科病毒, 例如肺 病毒 (RSV)、 副乳病毒 (PI V)和麻疹病毒。
肺病毒属: 病毒抗原可衍生自肺病毒属, 例如呼吸道合胞体病毒 (RSV)、 牛呼吸道合胞体病毒、 小鼠的肺炎病毒和火鸡鼻气管炎病毒。 肺病毒属优选 RSV。 肺病毒抗原可以选自一种或多种以下蛋白质, 包 括: 表面融合蛋白(F)、 糖蛋白(G)和小疏水性蛋白(SH)、基质蛋白 M和 M2、 核衣壳蛋白 N、 P和 L及非结构性蛋白 NS 1和 NS2。 优选的肺病 毒抗原包括: F、 0和1^。 参见, 例如 J Gen Viol. 2004年 11月; 85(部 分 1 1):3229。 肺病毒属抗原还可配制成或衍生自嵌合病毒。 例如, 嵌合 型 RSV/PIV病毒可同时包含 RSV和 PIV的组分。
副粘病毒属: 病毒抗原可衍生自副乳病毒属, 例如 1 -4型副流感病 毒 (PIV)、 腮腺炎 (病毒)、 仙台病毒、 猿猴病毒 5、 牛副流感病毒和新城 疫病毒。 副粘病毒优选 PIV或腮腺炎病毒。 副粘病毒属抗原可以选自 一种或多种以下蛋白质: 血凝素一神经氨酸酶 (HN)、 融合蛋白 F1 和 F2、 核蛋白(NP),磷蛋白(P)、 大蛋白(L)就基质蛋白(M)。 优选的副粘病 毒属蛋白包括: HN、 F 1和F2。 副粘病毒属抗原还可配制成或衍生自 嵌合病毒。 例如, 嵌合型 RS V/PIV病毒可同时包含 RSV和 PIV的组 分。 可商业购得的腮腺炎疫苗包括: 单价形式或与麻疹和风疹疫苗联 用(MMR)的减毒活腮腺炎病毒。
麻疹病毒属: 病毒抗原可以衍生自麻疹病毒属, 例如麻疹(病毒)。 麻疹病毒属抗原可选自一种或多种以下蛋白质:血凝素 (H)、糖蛋白(G)、 融合因子 (F)、 大蛋白(L)、 核蛋白(NP)、 聚合酶磷蛋白(P)和基质 (M)。 可商业购得的麻疹疫苗包括通常与腮腺炎和风疹联用的减毒的活麻疹 病毒 (MMR)。
微小 RNA病毒: 病毒抗原可衍生自微小 RNA病毒, 例如肠病毒、 鼻病毒、 嗜肝 RNA病毒 (Heparnavirus)、 心病毒和口蹄疫病毒。 优选衍 生自肠病毒, 例如脊髓灰质炎病毒的抗原。
肠病毒: 病毒抗原衍生自肠病毒, 例如 1, 2或 3型脊髓灰质炎病 毒、 1-22和 24型柯萨奇 A病毒、 1-6型柯萨奇 B病毒、 1-9, 11-27和 29-34型艾柯病毒 (ECHO病毒)、 68-71(型)肠病毒。 肠病毒优选脊髓灰 质炎病毒。 肠病毒抗原优选一种或多种以下衣壳蛋白: VP1、 VP2、 VP3 和 VP4。 可商业购得的脊髓灰质炎疫苗包括: 灭活的脊髓灰质炎 疫苗 (IPV)和口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 (OPV)。
嗜肝 RNA病毒: 病毒抗原可衍生自嗜肝 RNA病毒, 例如甲肝病 毒 (HAV)。 可商业购得的 HAV疫苗包括灭活的 HAV疫苗。
披膜病毒: 病毒抗原可衍生自披膜病毒, 例如风疹病毒属、 α病毒 或动脉炎病毒。 优选衍生自风疹病毒属, 例如风疹病毒的抗原。 披膜 病毒抗原可选自: El、 E2、 E3、 C, NSP-1、 NSPO-2、 NSP-3或 NSP-4。 披膜病毒抗原优选自: El、 E2或 E3。 可商业购得的风疹疫苗包括通常 与腮腺炎和麻疹疫苗联用的冷适应的活病毒 (MMR)。
黄病毒属: 病毒抗原可衍生自黄病毒属, 例如蟀传脑炎(病 毒) (TBE)、 登革热(病毒 )(1, 2, 3或 4型)、 黄热病(病毒)、 日本脑炎 (病 毒)、 西尼罗河脑炎 (病毒)、 圣路易斯脑炎 (病毒)、俄罗斯春夏型脑炎 (病 毒)、 波瓦桑脑炎 (病毒)。 黄病毒属抗原可选自: PrM、 M、 C、 E、 NS-1、 NS-2a、 NS2b、 NS3、 NS4a、 NS4b和 NSS。 黄病毒属抗原优选自: PrM、 1^和6。 可商业购得的 TBE疫苗包括灭活的病毒疫苗。
鼠疫病毒: 病毒抗原可衍生自鼠疫病毒, 例如牛病毒性腹泻(病 毒) (BVDV)、 经典猪瘟 (病毒 )(CSFV)或边境病(病毒 )(BDV)。
嗜肝 DNA病毒:病毒抗原可衍生自嗜肝 DNA病毒,例如乙肝病毒。 嗜肝 DNA病毒抗原可选自:表面抗原(L, M和 S)、核心抗原(HBc, HBe)。 可商业购得的 HBV疫苗包括含有表面抗原 S蛋白的亚单位疫苗。
丙肝病毒: 病毒抗原可衍生自丙肝病毒 (HCV)。 HCV 抗原可选自 以下一种或多种: El、 E2、 El/E2、 NS345多蛋白、 NS 345—核心多 蛋白、核心和 /或非结构区的肤 (Houghton等, Hepatology, 1991, 14:381)。
杆状病毒: 病毒抗原可衍生自杆状病毒, 如莱萨病毒(狂犬病病毒) 和水泡病毒 (VSV)。 杆状病毒抗原可选自: 糖蛋白(G)、 核蛋白(N)、 大 蛋白(L)、 非结构蛋白(NS)。 可商业购得的狂犬病病毒疫苗包含用人双 倍体细胞或胎恒河猴肺细胞培养的杀伤病毒。
杯状病毒科: 病毒抗原可^ "生自杯状病毒科, 如诺瓦克病毒和诺 瓦克样病毒, 如夏威夷病毒和雪山病毒。
冠状病毒: 病毒抗原可衍生自冠状病毒、 SARS、 人呼吸道冠状病 毒、 禽传染性支气管炎 (病毒 )(IB V)、 小鼠肝炎病毒 (MHV)和猪传染性 肠胃炎病毒 (TGEV)。冠状病毒抗原可选自:刺突 (S)、包膜 (E)、基质 (M 核衣壳 (N)和 /或血凝素 -酯酶糖蛋白(HE)。 冠状病毒抗原优选衍生自 SARS病毒。 WO04/92360描述了 SARS病毒抗原。
逆转录病毒: 病毒抗原可衍生自逆转录病毒, 如肿瘤病毒、 慢病 毒或泡沫病毒。肿瘤病毒抗原可衍生自: HTLV-1 HTLV-2或 HTLV-5 慢病毒抗原可衍生自: HIV-1或 HIV-2。 逆转录病毒抗原可选自 gag pol env tax. tat rex rev nef vif vpu和 vpro HIV抗原可选自 gag(p24gag和 p55gag env(gpl60. gpl20和 gp41)、 pol tat nef rev vpu、 小蛋白(优选 p55 gag和 gpl40v缺失)。 HIV抗原可衍生自以下一 种或多种毒株: HIVmb HIVsF2 HIVLAV HIVLAI HIV HIV-1CM235 fflV-IUS4
呼肠孤病毒: 病毒抗原可衍生自呼肠孤病毒, 如正呼肠孤病毒、 轮状病毒、 环状病毒或科罗拉多蟀传热病毒 (Coltivirus)。 呼肠孤病毒抗 原可选自: 结构蛋白 λ1 λ2 λ3 μ1 μ2 δ1 δ2或 δ3 , 或者非结构 蛋白 SNS NS或 Sls。 优选的呼肠孤病毒抗原可衍生自轮状病毒。 轮 状病毒抗原可选自: VP1 VP2 VP3 VP4(或切割产物 VPS和 VP8)、 NSP1 VP6 NSP3 NSP2 VP7 NSP4或 NSPS。 优选的轮状病毒抗 原包括 VP4(或切割产物 VPS和 VP8)和 VP7
细小病毒: 病毒抗原可衍生自细小病毒, 如细小病毒 B19。 细小病 毒抗原可选自: VP-1 VP-2 VP-3 NS-1和 NS-2。 细小病毒抗原优 选衣壳蛋白 VP-2
δ-肝炎病毒 (HDV): 病毒抗原可以是衍生的 HDV, 特别是 HDV的 δ-抗原(参见例如, 美国专利 5378814)。
戊肝病毒 (HEV): 病毒抗原可衍生自 HEV
庚肝病毒 (HGV): 病毒抗原可衍生自 HGV
人疱疹病毒: 病毒抗原可衍生自人疤疹病毒, 如单纯疤疹病毒 (HSV) , 水痘-带状疱疹病毒 (VZV)、 EB 病毒 (EBV)、 巨细胞病毒 (CMV)、 人疱疹病毒 6 (HHV6)、 人疱疹病毒 7 (HHV7)和人疱疹病毒 8 (HHVB)。 人疱疹病毒抗原可选自: 立即早期蛋白(α)、 早期蛋白(β)和 晚期蛋白(γ)。 HSV抗原可衍生自 HSV-1或 HSV-2毒株。 HSV抗原可 选自:糖蛋白 gB、 gC、 gD和 gH、融合蛋白 (gB),或免疫逃避蛋白 (gC、 gE或 gl)。 VZV抗原可选自: 核心、 核衣壳、 外被膜或包膜蛋白。 可 商业购得减毒的活 VZV疫苗。 EBV抗原可选自: 早期抗原 (EA)蛋白、 病毒衣壳抗原(VCA)或膜抗原(MA)的糖蛋白。 CMV抗原可选自衣壳蛋 白、 包膜糖蛋白(如 gB和 gH)或外被膜蛋白。
乳多空病毒: 抗原可衍生自乳多空病毒, 如乳头瘤病毒和多瘤病 毒。 乳头瘤病毒包括 HPV血清型 1、 2、 4、 5、 6、 8、 11、 13、 16、 18、 31、 33、 35、 39、 41、 42、 47、 51、 57、 58、 63和 65。 HPV抗原优选 衍生自血清型 6、 11、 16或 18。 HPV抗原可选自: 衣壳蛋白(L1)和 (L2) 或 E1-E7, 或其融合物。 优选将 HPV抗原制成病毒样颗粒 (VLP)。 多瘤 病毒包括 BK病毒和 JK病毒。多瘤病毒抗原可选自 VP 1、VP2或 VP3。
《疫苗》(Vaccines), 第四版,(Plotkin和 Orenstein编, 2004); 《医 学微生物》(Medical Microbiology), 第四版,(Murray等编, 2002); 《病 毒学》(V irology), 第三版, (W.K. Joklik编, 1988); 《基础病毒学》 (FundamentalV irology), 第二版, (B.N. Fields和 D.M. Knipe编, 1991) 也描述了病毒抗原, 本发明的蛋白制品涵盖了这些抗原。
本发明蛋白制品可包含适用于儿科对象的一种或多种免疫原性蛋 白质。 儿科对象一般年龄小于约 3岁, 或小于约 2岁, 或小于约 1岁。 儿科抗原可在 6个月、 1年、 2年或 3年的时间中多次给予。 儿科抗原 可衍生自靶向儿科群体的病毒和 /或儿科群体易受感染的病毒。 儿科病 毒抗原包括衍生自以下一种或多种病毒的抗原: 正粘病毒 (流感)、 肺病 毒 (RSV)、 副粘病毒 (PIV和腮腺炎)、麻疹病毒 (麻疹)、披膜病毒 (风疹)、 肠病毒 (脊髓灰质炎)、 HBV、 冠状病毒 (SARS)和水痘-带状疱疹病毒 (VZV)、 EB病毒 (EBV)。
本发明蛋白制品可包含适用于老年人或免疫力受损个体的一种或 多种免疫原性蛋白质。 这些个体可能需要较频繁地接种较高剂量的或 用佐剂配制的制剂, 从而能增强他们对靶抗原的免疫应答。 靶向用于 老年人或免疫力受损个体中的抗原包括衍生自一种或多种以下病毒的 抗原: 正粘病毒(流感)、 肺病毒 (Rsv)、 副粘病毒 (PIV和腮腺炎)、 麻疹 病毒 (麻疹)、 披膜病毒 (风疹)、 肠病毒 (脊髓灰质炎)、 HBV、 冠状病毒 (SARS)、 水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)、 EB 病毒(EBV)、 巨细胞病毒 (CMV) 。
病毒培养后, 可对纯化的病毒颗粒, 例如澄清的细胞培养液中存 在的病毒颗粒, 或对从这种澄清的细胞培养液中纯化的病毒颗粒使用 烷基化剂。 本发明方法可涉及通过澄清除去细胞材料, 然后从澄清的 细胞培养液中纯化病毒颗粒, 例如釆用层析。 可对以此方式纯化的病 毒颗粒使用烷基化剂, 或在任选的超滤 /渗滤步骤后使用烷基化剂。 优 选的方法不对感染的细胞培养液的澄清上清液使用烷基化剂, 而对从 这种澄清上清液纯化的病毒颗粒使用烷基化剂(参见 Morgeaux 等, Vaccine, 1993, 1 1 :82-90)。
本发明蛋白制品包括通过工程菌株制备的重组蛋白。
疫苗生产细胞
可从用细胞培养物增殖的病毒制备本发明疫苗。 此外, 本发明包 括在细胞培养物中表达的重组蛋白制剂。 病毒复制和重组蛋白表达优 选哺乳动物细胞培养物。
本领域已知许多哺乳动物细胞系, 包括源自以下的细胞系: 人或 非人灵长类(例如, 猴)细胞(例如, 通过引用全文纳入本文的
WO01/38362 、 WO01/41814 、 W002/40665 、 W02004/056979 和 W02005/080556中所述的 PER.C6细胞, 由 ECACC以保藏号 96022940 保藏)、 MRC-5(ATCC CCL-171), WI-38(ATCC CCL-75)、 HEK细胞、 HeLa细胞、 胎恒河猴肺细胞 (ATCC CL-160)、 人胚胎肾细胞 (293细胞, 通常用剪切的腺病毒 5型 DNA转化)、 Vero细胞 (来自猴腎)、马、牛 (例 如, MDBK细胞)、 绵羊、 犬 (例如, 犬腎 MDCK细胞, ATCC CCL34 MDCK(NBL2)或 MDCK 33016 , 保藏号为 DSM ACC 2219, 如 WO 97/37000和 WO 97/37001所述)、 猫和啮齿类动物(例如, 仓鼠细胞, 如 BHK21 -F, HKCC 细胞或中国仓鼠卵巢 (CHO)细胞), 可以获得各种发 育阶段的细胞系, 包括例如成年、 新生儿、 胎儿和胚胎。
合适的猴细胞是, 例如非洲绿猴细胞, 例如 Vero细胞系中的肾细 胞。 合适的犬细胞是, 例如 MDCK细胞系中的肾细胞。 因此, 合适的 细胞系包括但不限于: MDCK; CHO; 293T; BHK; Vero; MRC-5; PER.C6; WI-38; 等等。 利用哺乳动物细胞系表示疫苗可以不含诸如鸡 DN A , 卵蛋白质 (:例如, 卵白蛋白和卵类粘蛋白)等物质。
在某些实施方式中, 细胞是固定的(例如, PER.C6 细胞; ECACC 96022940)。 优选的实施方式利用哺乳动物细胞, 这些细胞可选自和 / 或衍生自一种或多种以下的非限制性细胞类型:成纤维细胞(例如, 表 皮、 肺)、 内皮细胞 (例如, 主动脉细胞、 冠状动脉细胞、 肺细胞、 血管 细胞、表皮微血管细胞、脐带细胞)、肝细胞、 角质化细胞、免疫细胞 (例 如, T细胞、 B细胞、 巨噬细胞、 NK、 树突细胞)、 乳腺细胞 (例如, 上 皮细胞)、 平滑肌细胞 (例如, 血管细胞、 主动脉细胞、 冠状动脉细胞、 动脉细胞、 子宫细胞、 支气管细胞、 子宫颈细胞、 视网膜周细胞)、 黑 素细胞、 神经细胞 (例如, 星形细胞)、 前列腺细胞, 上皮细胞、 平滑肌 细胞)、 腎细胞 (例如, 上皮细胞、 肾小球系膜细胞、 近端小管细胞)、 骨骼细胞 (例如, 软骨细胞、 破骨细胞、 成骨细胞)、 肌肉细胞 (例如, 成肌细胞、 骨骼肌细胞、 平滑肌 L细胞、 支气管细胞)、 肝脏细胞、 视 网膜细胞或成视网膜细胞、 肺细胞和基质细胞。
W097137000和 W097/37001描述了能在悬液和无血清的介质中生 长, 并可用于产生和复制病毒, 特别是流感病毒的动物细胞和细胞系 的制备。 进一步的细节见 W003/023021和 W003/023025。
用于培养流感病毒的优选哺乳动物细胞系包括: 源自马-达二氏犬 肾的 MDCK细胞; 源自非洲
Figure imgf000019_0001
aethiops)肾脏的 Vero 细胞; 或源自人胚胎成视网膜细胞的 PER.C6细胞。 这些细胞系可广泛 获自, 例如美国模式培养物保藏所 (ATCC)、 寇里尔细胞保藏中心 (Coriell Cell Repositories)或欧洲细胞培养物保藏所 (ECACC)。 例如, ATCC提供目录号为 CCL-81、 CCL-8 1.2 , CRL- 1586和 CRL- 1587的各 种不同 Vero细胞, 目录号为 CCL-34的 MDCK细胞。 PER.C6可以保 藏号 96022940获自 ECACC。
培养流感病毒的最优选细胞系的 MDCK细胞系。原始 MDCK细胞 系可以 CCL-34 获自 ATCC , 但也可使用该细胞系的衍生物。 例如, W097/37000 披露了适用于在悬浮培养基中生长的 MDCK 细胞系 ("MDCK 33016" , 以 DSM ACC 2219保藏)。类似地, EP-A-1260581 (WO 01 /64846)披露了生长在无血清培养悬液中的 MDCK 衍生细胞系 ("B-702" , 以 FERM BP-7449保藏)。 W02006/071563披露了非致瘤性 MDCK细胞,包括" MDCK-S"(ATCC PTA-6500) , "MDCK-SF 101 "(ATCC PTA-6501 ) , "MDCK-SF 102"(ATCC PTA-6502)和 " MDCK-SF 103 " (PTA-6503)。 W02005/1 13758披露了对感染高度敏感的 MDCK细胞系, 包括" MDCK. SF 1 ',细胞 (ATCC CRL- 12042)。 可使用任何这些 MDCK细 胞系。
W097/37000 , W097/3700 K W003/023021和 W003/023025描述了 对悬液和贴壁培养基中 MDCK 细胞培养物的操作。 具体地说, WO 03/023021和 WO 03/023025描述了 MDCK悬浮细胞在无血清培养基、 化学成分确定的培养基和无蛋白培养基中的实验室和商业规模细胞培 养体积。 各参考文献全文纳入本文。
作为替代哺乳动物来源, 本发明所用的细胞系可源自禽来源, 例 如鸡、 鸭、 鹅、 鹤鹑或野鸡。 禽细胞系可源自各种发育阶段, 包括胚 胎、 雏禽和成年。 这些细胞系优选源自胚胎细胞, 例如胚胎成纤维细 胞、 生殖细胞或单个器官, 包括神经元、 大脑、 视网膜、 ' 脏、 肝脏、 心脏、 肌肉或胚外组织和保护该胚胎的膜。 禽细胞系的例子包括禽胚 胎 干 细 胞(WO01/85938 和 W003/076601)和 鸭视 网 膜 细 胞 (W02005/042728)。 合适的禽胚胎干细胞包括源自鸡胚胎干细胞的 EBx 细胞系、 EB45、 EB 14和 EB 14-074(W02006/108846)。 还可利用鸡胚 胎成纤维细胞 (CEF)。 这些禽细胞特别适合于培养流感病毒。
本领域技术人员知道昆虫细胞表达系统, 例如杆状病毒重组表达 系统, 这些系统描述于, 例如 Summers和 Smith《德克萨斯农业实验站 第 1555号公告》 (Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 1987, No. 1555)。 杆状病毒 /昆虫细胞表达系统的材料和方法可以试剂盒的形 式商业购自加利福尼亚州圣迭戈市的英杰公司(Invitrogen)等。杆状病毒 表达载体所用的昆虫细胞包括埃及伊蚊 aegypti) , 首蓓银纹夜蛾 {Autographs californica)、 (Bombyx 脚 r )、 黑腹果虫黾 (Dmyop a melanogaster)、 草地贪夜饿 {Spodoptera frugiperda)和粉乡丈夜饿 Trichoplusia ηί), 等等。
重组表达蛋白质还可在诸如大肠杆菌
Figure imgf000020_0001
coH)、 枯草芽胞 杆菌 {Bacillus Wcb z'/z )和链球菌 Streptococcus 等细菌宿主中进行。 适合于重组表达蛋白质的酵母菌宿主包括酿酒酵母 OSacc/z rcw^ces cerevisiae) , 白色念珠菌 (OmtZ i a albicans) , 麦芽糖假丝酵母 (Candic a maltosa)、 多形汉森酵母 (Jicmsenula polymorpha)、 脆壁克鲁维酵母 {Kluyveromyces fragilis、、 孔
Figure imgf000021_0001
季也 蒙毕赤酵母 (Pichia guillerimondii) , 巴斯德毕赤酵母 pastoris) . 粟酒裂殖酵母 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)和耶罗维亚 ( Yarrow ia lipolytica)。
各种出版物充分描述了上述细胞类型的培养条件, 或者可以商业 购得培养基、 添加剂和条件, 例如新泽西州东鲁瑟福得市开姆布莱克 斯生物产品公司(Cambrex Bioproducts, East Rutherford, NJ)的目录和 其它文献。
在某些实施方式中, 将本文所述方法所用的宿主细胞培养在无血 清和 /或无蛋白质的培养基中。 本发明将其中不含人或动物来源的血清 添加剂的培养基称为无血清培养基。 无蛋白质应理解为表示发生细胞 增殖的培养基中不含蛋白质、 生长因子、 其它蛋白质添加剂和非血清 蛋白质, 但可任选包含病毒生长所需的蛋白质, 例如胰蛋白酶或其它 蛋白酶。 在这种培养基中生长的细胞自身可天然含有蛋白质。
已知的无血清培养基包括 Iscove培养基、 Ultm-CHO培养基 (拜维 塔克公司 (BioWhittaker))或 EX-CELL(JRH 生物科学公司 (JRH Bioscience 常规含血清培养基包括 Eagle基本培养基 (BME)或极限必 需培养基 (MEM)(Eagle, Science, 130, 432(1959))或 Dulbecco 改进的 Eagle培养基 (DMEM或 EDM), 一般使用最多 10%的胎牛血清或类似 的添加剂。 极限必需培养基 (MEM)(Eagle, Science, 1959, 130:432)或 Dulbecco改进的 Eagle培养基 (DMEM或 EDM)可任选不使用任何含血 清的添加剂。 现有技术也熟知无蛋白质的培养基, 例如 PF-CHO(JHR 生物科学公司, JHR Bioscience),化学成分确定的培养基,例如 ProCHO 4CDM (拜维塔克公司)或 SMIF 7(吉比克 /BRL 生命技术公司, Gibco/BRL Life Technologies)和促有丝分裂肽, 例如 Primactone , Pepticase或 I-IyPepTM (均购自国际探索公司, Quest International)或乳 清蛋白水解物(吉比克公司 Gibco和其它生产商)。基于植物水解物的培 养基添加剂的特别优点在于能排除病毒、 支原体或未知感染因子的污 染。
由于本发明所用细胞系的适用性, 细胞培养条件 (温度、 细胞密度、 pH值等)可在很大范围内变动,可改进这些条件使之适应具体病毒生长 条件或重组表达细节的要求。 宿主 DNA残留量及检测
本领域普通技术人员能检测残留的宿主细胞 DNA。 本发明蛋白制 品中残留 DNA的总量优选低于 20 ng/ml, 例如 < 10 ng/ml、 < 5 ng/mK < 1 ng/mK < 100 pg/mK < 10 pg/ml , 等等。
用于检测 DNA 的试验通常是确认试验 ("工业指南:生物分析方法 确认" (Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation) ,美国健康 和人服务部食品药品管理中心兽药评估和研究 (CDER)中心 (C VM)(U . S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM)). 2001 年 5 月 ; Lundblad(2001) Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 34: 195-197)。 可利用数学和可 定量的术语描述确认试验的性能特征, 己鉴定了其可能的误差来源。 已总体上检验了该试验的诸如准确度、 精密度、 特异性等特征。 一旦 校验 (例如, 用宿主细胞 DNA的已知标准量)及检验好某试验, 可常规 进行定量 DNA检测。 可釆用三种主要的 DNA定量技术: 杂交方法, 例如 Sourthern印迹或槽印迹 (Ji等, Biotechniques, 2002, 32: 1 162-7);免 疫测定方法, 例如 ThresholdTM 系统 (Briggs, J Parenter SciTechnol. 1991, 45:7-12)和定量 PCR (Lahijani, Hum Gene Ther. 1998, 9: 1 173-80)。 技术人员熟知这些方法, 虽然各方法的精确特征取决于所研究的宿主 细胞, 例如杂交探针的选择, 扩增用引物和 /或探针的选择, 等等。
下面将结合实施例进一步详细描述本发明。 应当理解, 列举这些 实施例只是为了起说明作用, 而并不是用来限制本发明的范围。 除非 特别说明, 本发明所用到的试剂、 培养基均为市售商品。 实施例中未 注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规实验条件进行,例如 Sambrook 等人在 《分子克隆: 实验室手册》 (New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989)中所述的条件, 或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。 实施例 1. 电泳槽结构
一种琼脂糖分隔式的两腔电泳槽
参见图 1, 该电泳槽包括槽体 1、 阳极 2、 阴极 3、 阳极区域 4、 中 间区域 5和琼脂糖凝胶分隔 7; 电泳区域由被琼脂糖凝胶分隔 7分隔的 两个区域组成, 分别为阳极区域 4和中间区域 5, 阳极 2和阴极 3分别 位于这两个区域中。
一种琼脂糖分隔式的三腔电泳槽
参见图 2, 该电泳槽包括槽体 1、 阳极 2、 阴极 3、 阳极区域 4、 中 间区域 5、 阴极区域 6和琼脂糖凝胶分隔 7; 电泳区域由被琼脂糖凝胶 分隔 7分隔的三个区域组成, 分别为阳极区域 4、 中间区域 5和阴极区 域 6 , 阳极 2和阴极 3分别位于两端的阳极区域 4和阴极区域 6中。
一种分离式的两腔电泳槽
参见图 3 , 该电泳槽包括槽体 1、 阳极 2、 阴极 3、 阳极区域 4、 中 间区域 5、 阀门 8和连接通道 9; 电泳区域包括两个独立的区域, 分别 为阳极区域 4和中间区域 5, 它们由电泳通道 9连接, 阳极 2和阴极 3 分别位于阳极区域 4和中间区域 5中; 电泳通道 9带有阀门 8。
一种分离式的三腔电泳槽
参见图 4 , 该电泳槽包括槽体 1、 阳极 2、 阴极 3、 阳极区域 4、 中 间区域 5、 阴极区域 6、 阀门 8和连接通道 9; 电泳区域包括三个独立 的区域, 分别为阳极区域 4、 中间区域 5和阴极区域 6 , 它们由电泳通 道 9连接, 阳极 2和阴极 3分别位于阳极区域 4和阴极区域 6中; 电 泳通道 9带有阀门 8。
一种套管式电泳槽
参见图 5, 该电泳槽包括槽体 1、 阳极 2、 阴极 3、 阳极区域 4、 中 间区域 5和连接通道 10; 电泳区域由两个嵌套的可分离的管状结构以 及它们之间的连接通道 10组成; 阳极区域 4位于外管中, 中间区域 5 位于内管中, 阳极 2和阴极 3分别位于阳极区域 4和中间区域 5中。
一种套管式电泳槽
参见图 6, 该电泳槽包括槽体 1、 阳极 2、 阴极 3、 阳极区域 4、 中 间区域 5和连接通道 10; 电泳区域由两个嵌套的可分离的管状结构以 及它们之间的连接通道 10组成; 阳极区域 4位于内管中, 中间区域 5 位于外管中, 阳极 2和阴极 3分别位于阳极区域 4和中间区域 5中。
一种分隔的带选择性核酸分离部件的两腔电泳槽
参见图 7 , 该电泳槽包括槽体 1、 阳极 2、 阴极 3、 阳极区域 4、 中 间区域 5、 琼脂糖凝胶分隔 7和选择性核酸分离部件 10; 电泳区域由 被琼脂糖凝胶或聚丙烯酰胺凝胶分隔 7 分隔的两个区域组成, 分别为 阳极区域 4和中间区域 5, 阳极 2和阴极 3分别位于这两个区域中; 选 择性核酸分离部件 10位于阳极区域和中间区域之间。
一种分隔的带选择性核酸分离部件的三腔电泳槽
参见图 8, 该电泳槽包括槽体 1、 阳极 2、 阴极 3、 阳极区域 4、 中 间区域 5、 阴极区域 6、 琼脂糖凝胶分隔 7和选择性核酸分离部件 10; 电泳区域由被琼脂糖凝胶分隔 7 分隔的三个区域组成, 分别为阳极区 域 4、 中间区域 5和阴极区域 6 , 阳极 2和阴极 3分别位于两端的阳极 区域 4和阴极区域 6中; 选择性核酸分离部件 10位于阳极区域和中间 区或之间。
一种分离的带选择性核酸分离部件的两腔电泳槽
参见图 9 , 该电泳槽包括槽体 1、 阳极 2、 阴极 3、 阳极区域 4、 中 间区域 5、 岡门 8、 连接通道 9和选择性核酸分离部件 10; 电泳区域包 括两个独立的区域, 分别为阳极区域 4和中间区域 5, 它们由电泳通道 9连接, 阳极 2和阴极 3分别位于阳极区域 4和中间区域 5中; 电泳通 道 9带有阀门 8; 选择性核酸分离部件 10位于阳极区域和中间区域之 间。
一种分离的带选择性核酸分离部件的三腔电泳槽
参见图 10, 该电泳槽包括槽体 1、 阳极 2、 阴极 3、 阳极区域 4、 中间区域 5、 阴极区域 6、 阀门 8、 连接通道 9和选择性核酸分离部件 10; 电泳区域包括三个独立的区域, 分别为阳极区域 4、 中间区域 5和 阴极区域 6 , 它们由电泳通道 9连接, 阳极 2和阴极 3分别位于阳极区 域 4和阴极区域 6 中; 电泳通道 9带有阀门 8; 选择性核酸分离部件 10位于阳极区域和中间区域之间。 实施例 2. 电洗脱凝胶中的核酸分子
用图 6所示的套管式电泳槽回收琼脂糖凝胶中分离的质粒条带。
1、 质粒电泳: 取 20 uL (4 ug) 纯化的 pGL3 ( Promega )质粒, 与 2 uL上样緩沖液混合后, 上样到 1.2%的琼脂糖凝胶中, 在 100V恒压 条件下进行电泳, 电泳緩冲液为 0.5x TBE;
2、 当质粒条带泳动到琼脂糖凝胶中间位置时, 停止电泳, 取出 胶块, 进行溴化乙锭染色, 在紫外灯下, 用干净的刀片将包含质粒条 带的胶条切下来;
3、 将胶条放置到图 6所示的电泳槽的外管中, 加入 400 uL 0,5x TBE浸没胶条; 在内管中加入 100 uL 0.5x TBE,使内外管的连接通道 内充满电泳緩冲液, 在内外管溶液之间形成电流回路;
4、如图 6所示连接电源电极,在 10V恒压条件下电泳 10分钟后, 停止电泳, 分离内外管;
5、 将内管溶液中的质粒进行乙醇沉淀, 用 10 uL去离子水溶解沉 淀, 检测质粒的纯度并进行定量, 计算回收率;
6、 A260/280为 1.91 , 回收率为 94%。
实验结果表明, 本发明提供的套管式电泳槽能够简便、 高效、 高 质量地回收凝胶电泳中分离的核酸条带。 实施例 3. 电洗脱凝胶中的蛋白分子
用图 6所示的套管式电泳槽回收 PAGE凝胶中分离的蛋白条带。
1、 蛋白电泳: 取 10 ug 牛血清白蛋白 (Sigma ) , 与上样緩冲液 混合后上样到 10%的 PAGE凝胶中, 电泳条件为 200v/10mA, 电泳緩 冲液为 Tris-甘氨酸蛋白电泳緩冲液;
2、 当上样指示剂泳动到凝胶 2/3位置时,停止电泳,将胶块取出, 用干净的刀片将包含目标蛋白条带的胶条切下来;
3、将胶条放置到图 6所示的电泳槽的外管中 ,加入 400 uL 50 mM Tris ( pH8.3 )溶液浸没胶条;在内管中加入 100 uL 50 mM Tris ( pH8.3 ) 溶液, 使连接内外管的连接通道内充满 Tris緩冲液, 在内外管溶液之 间形成电流回路;
4、如图 6所示连接电源电极,在 15V恒压条件下电泳 20分钟后, 停止电泳, 分离内外管;
5、 利用 Bradford法测定内管溶液中的蛋白含量, 计算回收率; 6、 计算得到的回收率为 93%。
实验结果表明, 本发明提供的套管式电泳槽能够简便、 高效地回 收凝胶电泳中分离的蛋白条带。 实施例 4. 核酸浓缩
用图 1 所示的由琼脂糖凝胶分隔的两腔式电泳槽浓缩溶液中的核 酸成分。 该电泳槽阳极区域容积为 20 mL, 中间区域容积为 200 mL, 琼脂糖胶条的宽度为 1 cm, 顶面超过电泳緩冲液的液面高度 0.5 cm, 在电泳槽的阳极区域和中间区域之间形成分隔。
1、 取 20 ug 纯化的 pGL3 ( Promega )质粒, 溶解于 200 mL 0.5x TBE, 质粒终浓度为 100 ng/mL;
2、 将 200 mL质粒溶液緩慢加入到电泳槽的中间区域中, 在电泳 槽的阳极区域中加入 20 mL 0.5x TBE;
3、如图 1所示连接电源电极,在 40V恒压条件下电泳 20分钟后, 停止电泳;
5、 收集电泳槽阳极区域中的溶液, 进行乙醇沉淀, 用 15 uL去离 子水溶解沉淀, 检测质粒的纯度并进行定量, 计算回收率;
6、 A260/280为 1.87, 回收率为 95%。
实验结果表明, 本发明提供的分隔式电泳槽能够简便、 高效、 高 质量地浓缩样本中的核酸分子。 实施例 5. 核酸与蛋白的分离
用图 3 所示的分离式的两腔电泳槽从核酸蛋白混合液中分离核酸 及蛋白分子。 该电泳槽阳极区域容积为 20 mL, 中间区域容积为 200 mL, 连接阳极区域和中间区域的电泳通道中装有一个阀门。
1、 核酸蛋白混合物: 取 10 ug 纯化的 pGL3 ( Promega )质粒和 10 mg 牛血清白蛋白 (Sigma ) , 溶解于 200 mL 0.5x TBE, 质粒终浓 度为 50 ng/mL, 蛋白的终浓度为 50 ug/mL;
2、 关闭电泳通道中的阀门, 将 200 mL核酸蛋白溶液加入到电泳 槽的中间区域中, 在电泳槽的阳极区域中加入 20 mL 0.5x TBE;
3、 如图 3所示连接电源电极, 打开阀门, 在 40V恒压条件下电 泳 20分钟后, 停止电泳;
5、 收集电泳槽阳极区域中的溶液, 进行乙醇沉淀, 用 15 uL去离 子水溶解沉淀并进行定量, 计算回收率; 利用 Bradford法分别测定阳 极区域和中间区域溶液中的蛋白含量;
6、 质粒 DNA的回收率为 97%; 阳极区域蛋白浓度为 5 ug/mL, 中间区域蛋白浓度为 47 ug/mL。
实验结果表明, 本发明提供的分离式电泳槽能够简便、 高效、 高 质量地从核酸蛋白混合物中分离核酸与蛋白分子。 实施例 6. 核酸浓缩
用图 1 所示的由琼脂糖凝胶分隔的两腔式电泳槽浓缩溶液中的核 酸成分。 该电泳槽阳极区域容积为 20 mL, 中间区域容积为 200 mL, 琼脂糖胶条的宽度为 1 cm, 顶面超过电泳緩沖液的液面高度 0.5 cm, 在电泳槽的阳极区域和中间区域之间形成分隔。
1、取 20 ug 纯化的 pGL3( Promega )质粒,溶解于 200 mL 0.5x TBE, 质粒终浓度为 100 ng/mL;
2、 将 200 mL质粒溶液緩慢加入到电泳槽的中间区域中, 在电泳 槽的阳极区域中加入 20 mL 0.5x TBE;
3、 如图 1所示连接电源电极, 在 40V恒压条件下电泳 20分钟后, 停止电泳;
5、 收集电泳槽阳极区域中的溶液, 进行乙醇沉淀, 用 30 uL去离 子水溶解沉淀, 检测质粒的纯度并进行定量, 计算回收率;
6、 A260/280为 1.97, 回收率为 95%。
实验结果表明, 本发明提供的核酸分离方法能够简便、 高效、 高 质量地浓缩样本中的核酸分子。 实施例 7. 基于选择性核酸分离部件的核酸浓缩
用图 7 所示的由琼脂糖凝胶分隔的带选择性核酸分离部件的两腔 式电泳槽浓缩溶液中的核酸成分。该电泳槽阳极区域容积为 20 mL, 中 间区域容积为 200 mL, 琼脂糖胶条的宽度为 1 cm, 顶面超过电泳緩沖 液的液面高度 0.5 cm , 在电泳槽的阳极区域和中间区域之间形成分隔。 选择性核酸分离部件为活化的 DEAE纤维素膜, 位于阳极区域和中间 区域之间核酸转移通道中。
1 DEAE纤维素膜活化:切一块与电泳区域截面大小合适的 DEAE 纤维素膜( Schleicher & Schuell, NA-45 ), 在 10 mmol/L EDTA(pH 8.0) 条件下, 室温浸泡 5分钟; 随后用 0.5 mol/L NaOH取代 EDTA浸泡以 活化 DEAE纤维素膜, 室温浸泡 5分钟, 然后用无菌水沖洗 6次;
2、 将活化的 DEAE纤维素膜固定于电泳槽中, 位于琼脂糖凝胶的 阳极一侧;
3、取 20 ug 纯化的 pGL3( Promega )盾粒,溶解于 200 mL 0.5x TBE, 质粒终浓度为 100 ng/mL; 4、 将 200 mL质粒溶液緩慢加入到电泳槽的中间区域中, 在电泳 槽的阳极区域中加入 20 mL 0.5x TBE;
5、 如图 2所示连接电源电极, 在 40V恒压条件下电泳 20分钟后, 停止电泳;
5 6、 取出 DEAE纤维素膜, 室温下, 用 10 mL DEAE低盐緩沖液
( 50 mmol/L Tris-Cl, pH 8.0; 1 mol/L NaCl; 10 mmol/L EDTA, pH 8.0 ) 漂洗一次;
7、 将膜转移到合适的容器中, 加足量的 DEAE 高盐緩沖液 (50 mmol/L Tris-Cl, pH 8.0; 0.15 mol/L NaCl; 10 mmol/L EDTA, pH 8.0 )使 i o 膜完全被浸泡, 于 65。C条件下温育 30分钟;
8、 将步骤 7 中的 DEAE高盐緩沖液转移到另一容器中, 再加入 足量的 DEAE高盐緩沖液( 50 mmol/L Tris-Cl, pH 8.0; 0.15 mol/L NaCl; 10 mmol/L EDTA, pH 8.0 )使膜完全被浸泡, 于 65。C条件下温育 15分 钟;
1 5 9、 合并两份 DEAE高盐緩沖液, 用酚 /氯仿抽提一次; 将水相转 入一离心管中; 加入 0.2倍体积的 10 mol/L 乙酸铵, 2倍体积 4。C 乙 醇, 室温放置 10分钟; 用微量离心机以最大转速离心 10分钟; 用 70% 乙醇小心洗涤沉淀后, 室温静置, 使乙醇挥发, 将 DNA重溶于 30 uL 去离子水中, 检测回收的质粒的纯度并进行定量, 计算回收率;
0 10、 核酸的回收率为 93%。
实验结果表明, 本发明提供的方法能够简便、 高效、 高质量地浓 缩样本中的核酸分子。 实施例 8. 基于选择性核酸分离部件的核酸分离
5 用图 7 所示的由琼脂糖凝胶分隔的带选择性核酸分离部件的两腔 式电泳槽浓缩溶液中的核酸成分。该电泳槽阳极区域容积为 20 mL, 中 间区域容积为 200 mL, 琼脂糖胶条的宽度为 1 cm, 顶面超过电泳緩沖 液的液面高度 0.5 cm, 在电泳槽的阳极区域和中间区域之间形成分隔。 选择性核酸分离部件为美国联合碳化物公司(Union Carbide)的透析膜 , 0 位于阳极区域和中间区域之间核酸转移通道中。
1、 透析膜预处理: 裁剪与电泳区域截面大小合适的透析膜, 浸在 蒸馏水中 15 分钟, 使其软化; 浸入 10 mM 碳酸氢钠 ( sodium bicarbonate )中,加热至 80。C,搅拌 30分钟以上;换到 10 mM Na2'EDTA 中浸泡 30分钟, 以新鲜的 EDTA 同样处理三次; 再用 80。C蒸馏水洗 30 分钟, 然后换到 20%酒精中, 置于 4。C水箱中保存;
2、 将经过预处理的透析膜固定于电泳槽中, 位于琼脂糖凝胶的阳 极一侧
3、 核酸蛋白混合物: 取 10 ug 纯化的 pGL3 ( Promega )质粒和 10 mg 牛血清白蛋白 (Sigma ) , 溶解于 200 mL 0.5x TBE, 质粒终浓 度为 50 ng/mL, 蛋白的终浓度为 50 ug/mL;
4、 将核酸 /蛋白质粒溶液緩慢加入到电泳槽的中间区域中, 在电 泳槽的阳极区域中加入 20 mL 0.5x TBE;
5、 如图 2所示连接电源电极, 在 40V恒压条件下电泳 20分钟后, 停止电泳;
6、 小心取出透析膜, 放入 2 mL TE緩冲液中, 用吸管反复吹打 透析膜, 使附着于膜上的 DNA脱落;
7、 用 Bradford法测定溶液中的蛋白含量;
8、 将收集的 DNA溶液用酚 /氯仿抽提一次;将水相转入一离心管 中; 加入 0.2倍体积的 10 mol/L 乙酸铵, 2倍体积 4。C乙醇, 室温放 置 10分钟; 用微量离心机以最大转速离心 10分钟; 用 70%乙醇小心 洗涤沉淀后, 室温静置, 使乙醇挥发, 将 DNA重溶于 30 uL去离子水 中, 检测回收核酸的纯度并进行定量, 计算回收率;
8、 核酸回收率为 96%, 在 DEAE纤维素膜洗涤液中未检测到蛋 白。
实验结果表明, 本发明提供的方法能够简便、 高效、 高盾量地浓 缩样本中的核酸分子。 实施例 9. 宿主细胞核酸残留的去除
用图 1 所示的由琼脂糖凝胶分隔的两腔式电泳槽去除疫苗粗提物 中的宿主核酸成分。该电泳槽阳极区域容积为 20 mL, 中间区域容积为 200 mL, 琼脂糖胶条的宽度为 1 cm, 顶面超过电泳緩冲液的液面高度 0.5 cm, 在电泳槽的阳极区域和中间区域之间形成分隔。
1、 疫苗粗提物制备: 按照 W097/37000、 W003/23025 和 W004/92360 的指导, 将流感病毒 (A/New Caledonian/20/99(H1N1) , A/Panama/2007/99(H3N2) 、 B/Jiangsu/10/2003 、
A/Wyoming/3/2003(H3N2))培养在悬浮培养的 MDCK 细胞中。 使最终 的培养基澄清以提供病毒颗粒, 然后进行层析和超滤 /渗滤。 利用 β-丙 内酯(终浓度 0.05% v/v; 2-8°C孵育 16-20小时,然后在 37。C孵育 2-2.5 小时进行水解) 灭活得到的物盾中的病毒颗粒。 随后用 CTAB 裂解病 毒颗粒及其它加工步骤, 获得含有纯化的表面蛋白的单价病毒疫苗的 粗提物;
2、 用罗氏应用科学部 (Roche Applied Science)提供的 "高效 DNA 地高辛标记和检测试剂盒 II (DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit II)"检测疫苗粗提物中宿主核酸的浓度;
3、 取 180 mL疫苗粗提物, 加入 20 mL 5x TBE储存液, 混匀后 緩慢加入到电泳槽的中间区域中, 在电泳槽的阳极区域中加入 20 mL
Figure imgf000030_0001
4、 如图 1所示连接电源电极, 在 40V恒压条件下电泳 20分钟后, 停止电泳;
5、 用罗氏应用科学部 (Roche Applied Science)提供的 "高效 DNA 地高辛标记和检测试剂盒 II (DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit II)"检测中间区域疫苗溶液中宿主核酸的浓度, 计 算纯化效率;
6、 疫苗粗提物中宿主核酸的浓度为 10.3 ng/mL, 去除后的宿主核 酸残留浓度为 21.2 pg/mL, 纯化效率为 485倍。
实猃结果表明, 本发明提供的方法能够简便、 高效地去除疫苗制 品中的宿主细胞核酸残留。 实施例 10. 宿主细胞残留核酸去除
用图 1 所示的由琼脂糖凝胶分隔的两腔式电泳槽去除疫苗粗提物 中的宿主核酸成分。 该电泳槽阳极区域容积为 20 mL, 中间区域容积为 200 mL, 琼脂糖胶条的宽度为 1 cm , 顶面超过电泳緩沖液的液面高度 0.5 cm , 在电泳槽的阳极区域和中间区域之间形成分隔。
1、 疫苗粗提物制备: 按照 W097/37000、 W003/23025 和
W004/92360 的指导, 将流感病毒 (A/New Caledonian/20/99(H1N1)、 A/Panama/2007/99(H3N2) 、 B/Jiangsu/10/2003 、 A/Wyoming/3/2003(H3N2))培养在悬浮培养的 MDCK 细胞中。 使最终 的培养基澄清以提供病毒颗粒, 然后进行层析和超滤 /渗滤。 利用 β-丙 内酯(终浓度 0.05% v/v; 2-8。C孵育 16-20小时,然后在 37°C孵育 2-2.5 小时进行水解) 灭活得到的物质中的病毒颗粒。 随后用 CTAB裂解病 毒颗粒及其它加工步骤, 获得含有纯化的表面蛋白的单价病毒疫苗的 粗提物;
2、 用罗氏应用科学部 (Roche Applied Science)提供的 "高效 DNA 地高辛标记和检测试剂盒 II (DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit II)"检测疫苗粗提物中宿主核酸的浓度;
3、 取 180 mL疫苗粗提物, 加入 20 mL 5x TBE储存液, 混匀后 室温静置 40分钟;
4、 用 φ变幅杵的 Sdentz-IID型超声波细胞粉碎机对疫苗溶液进行 超声处理, 在水浴保护下进行超声, 保证疫苗溶液温度不超过 26。C, 设置功率为 600 W, 工作时间 2秒, 间歇时间 3秒, 总工作时间 20分 钟 (240次);
5、 将经过超声处理的疫苗溶液緩慢加入到电泳槽的中间区域中, 在电泳槽的阳极区域中加入 20 mL 0.5 X TBE;
6、 如图 1所示连接电源电极, 在 40V恒压条件下电泳 20分钟后, 停止电泳;
5、 用罗氏应用科学部 (Roche Applied Science)提供的 "高效 DNA 地高辛标记和检测试剂盒 II (DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit II)"检测中间区域疫苗溶液中宿主核酸的浓度, 计 算去除后疫苗溶液中的核酸浓度;
6、 疫苗粗提物中宿主核酸的浓度为 10.3 ng/mL, 去除后的宿主核 酸残留浓度为 10.7 pg/mL, 纯化效率为 962倍。
实验结果表明, 本发明提供的方法能够简便、 高效地去除疫苗制 品中的宿主细胞核酸残留。 实施例 11. 基于选择性核酸分离部件的宿主细胞残留核酸定量 用图 7 所示的由琼脂糖凝胶分隔的带选择性核酸分离部件的两腔 式电泳槽浓缩溶液中的核酸成分。该电泳槽阳极区域容积为 20 mL, 中 间区域容积为 200 mL, 琼脂糖胶条的宽度为 1 cm, 顶面超过电泳緩冲 v a j 液的液面高度 0.5 cm , 在电泳槽的阳极区域和中间区域之间形成分隔。 选择性核酸分离部件为活化的 DEAE纤维素膜, 位于阳极区域和中间 区域之间核酸转移通道中。
1 , DEAE纤维素膜活化:切一块与电泳区域截面大小合适的 DEAE 纤维素膜 ( Schleicher & Schuell, NA-45 ), 在 10 mmol/L EDTA(pH 8.0) 条件下, 室温浸泡 5分钟; 随后用 0.5 mol/L NaOH取代 EDTA浸泡以 活化 DEAE纤维素膜, 室温浸泡 5分钟, 然后用无菌水沖洗 6次;
2、 将活化的 DEAE纤维素膜固定于电泳槽中, 位于琼脂糖凝胶的 阳极一侧;
3、 取 180 mL制备的疫苗粗提物, 加入 20 mL 5x TBE储存液, 混匀;
4、 将 200 mL疫苗溶液緩慢加入到电泳槽的中间区域中, 在电泳 槽的阳极区域中加入 20 mL 0.5x TBE;
5、 如图 2所示连接电源电极, 在 40V恒压条件下电泳 20分钟后, 停止电泳;
6、 取出 DEAE纤维素膜, 室温下, 用 10 mL DEAE低盐緩冲液 ( 50 mmol/L Tris-Cl, pH 8.0; 1 mol/L NaCl; 10 mmol/L EDTA, pH 8.0 ) 漂洗一次;
7、 将膜转移到合适的容器中, 加足量的 DEAE 高盐緩沖液(50 mmol/L Tris-Cl, pH 8.0; 0.15 mol/L NaCl; 10 mmol/L EDTA, pH 8.0 )使 膜完全被浸泡, 于 65。C条件下温育 30分钟;
8、 将步骤 7 中的 DEAE高盐緩冲液转移到另一容器中, 再加入 足量的 DEAE高盐緩冲液( 50 mmol/L Tris-Cl, pH 8.0; 0.15 mol/L NaCl; 10 mmol/L EDTA, pH 8.0 )使膜完全被浸泡, 于 65。C条件下温育 15分 钟; 合并两份 DEAE高盐緩冲液;
9、 将收集的 DEAE高盐溶液用酚 /氯仿抽提一次; 将水相转入一 离心管中; 加入 0.2倍体积的 10 mol/L 乙酸铵, 2倍体积 4。C乙醇, 室温放置 10分钟; 用微量离心机以最大转速离心 10分钟; 用 70%乙 醇小心洗涤沉淀后, 室温静置, 使乙醇挥发, 将 DNA重溶于 30 uL去 离子水中进行分光光度计定量, 计算粗提物中核酸的含量;
10、 计算得到疫苗粗提物中宿主核酸的含量为 11.294 ng/mL。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种电泳槽, 其特征在于所述电泳槽包括至少两个固定分隔的 或可操作性分隔的电泳区域, 在不影响大分子正常电泳行为的情况下, 这些分隔使不同电泳区域内的溶液能够被单独收集。
2. 权利要求 1所述的电泳槽, 其特征在于所述电泳槽包括两个固 定分隔的或可操作性分隔的电泳区域, 在不影响大分子正常电泳行为 的情况下, 这些分隔使不同电泳区域内的溶液能够被单独收集。
3. 权利要求 2所述的电泳槽, 其特征在于所述电泳槽包括槽体、 阳极、 阴极和电泳区域; 电泳区域由固定分隔或可操作性分隔隔开的 两个区域组成, 阳极和阴极分别位于这两个区域中。
4. 权利要求 2或 3所述的电泳槽, 其特征在于所述电泳槽包括槽 体、 阳极、 阴极和电泳区域; 电泳区域包括两个独立的区域, 所述独 立的区域经电泳通道连接, 电泳通道中带有固定分隔或可操作性分隔; 阳极和阴极分别位于这两个区域内。
5. 权利要求 1所述的电泳槽, 其特征在于所述电泳槽包括三个固 定分隔的或可操作性分隔的电泳区域, 在不影响大分子正常电泳行为 的情况下, 这些分隔使不同电泳区域内的溶液能够被单独收集。
6. 权利要求 5所述的电泳槽, 其特征在于所述电泳槽包括三个固 定分隔的或可操作性分隔的电泳区域, 在不影响大分子正常电泳行为 的情况下, 这些分隔使不同电泳区域内的溶液能够被单独收集; 阳极 和阴极分别位于两端的区域内。
7. 权利要求 5或 6所述的电泳槽,其特征在于该电泳槽包括槽体、 阳极、 阴极和电泳区域; 电泳区域由固定分隔或可操作性分隔隔开的 三个区域组成, 阳极和阴极分别位于两端的区域中。
8. 权利要求 5-7任一项所述的电泳槽, 其特征在于该电泳槽包括 槽体、 阳极、 阴极和电泳区域; 电泳区域包括三个独立的区域, 所述 区域经电泳通道连接, 阳极和阴极分别位于两端的独立区域内; 电泳 通道带有可操作的分隔装置。
9. 权利要求 1 -8任一项所述的电泳槽, 其特征在于用于固定分隔 不同电泳区域的材料包括琼脂糖凝胶、 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、 带孔的固相 支持物。
10. 权利要求 1-8任一项所述的电泳槽, 其特征在于用于可操作性 分隔不同电泳区域的方式包括阀门、 开关、 可阻断性流道。
1 1. 权利要求 1所述的电泳槽, 其特征在于该电泳槽包括槽体、 阳 极、 阴极和电泳区域; 其中, 电泳区域由两个嵌套的可分离的筒状或 管状结构以及它们之间的连接通道组成。
12. 一种电泳系统,其特征在于所述电泳系统包括电源以及权利要 求 1 -1 1任一项所述的电泳槽。
13. 权利要求 12所述的电泳系统在大分子的分离、 电洗脱和浓缩 中的应用。
14. 权利要求 13所述的应用, 其特征在于所述的大分子包括核酸 分子、 蛋白质分子、 碳水化合物分子、 及病毒颗粒。
15. 权利要求 12所述的电泳系统在核酸与蛋白质分离中的应用。
16. 一种核酸分离方法, 其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤: 1 ) 获 得权利要求 1-1 1任一项所迷的电泳槽; 2 )将包含待分离核酸的溶液加 入到电泳槽中, 3 )施加外加电场, 使溶液中的核酸分子选择性地分布 于一个被分隔的或被可操作性分隔的电泳区域, 从而得到分离。
17. 权利要求 16所述的核酸分离方法, 其特征在于所述电泳槽还 包括选择性核酸分离部件。
18. 权利要求 17所述的核酸分离方法, 其特征在于所述选择性核 酸分离部件包括 DEAE纤维素膜、 透析膜、 半透膜或滤膜。
19. 权利要求 16所述的核酸分离方法, 其特征在于该方法包括以 下步骤: 1 ) 获得权利要求 5-8任一项所述的电泳槽, 该电泳槽包括三 个固定分隔的或可操作性分隔的电泳区域, 分别为阳极区域、 中间区 域和阴极区域, 阳极和阴极分别位于阳极区域和阴极区域中; 2 )将核 酸 /蛋白溶液加入到电泳槽的中间区域中; 3 )施加外加电场, 使溶液中 的核酸成分选择性地分布于阳极区域中, 从而使其与主要分布于中间 区域中的蛋白成分分离; 4 )分别收集分布于阳极区域的核酸成分和分 布于中间区域的蛋白成分。
20. 根据权利要求 16所述的核酸分离方法, 其特征在于该方法包 括以下步骤: 1 ) 获得权利要求 5-8任一项所述的电泳槽, 该电泳槽包 括三个固定分隔的或可操作性分隔的电泳区域, 分别为阳极区域、 中 间区域和阴极区域, 阳极和阴极分别位于阳极区域和阴极区域中, 阳 极区域和中间区域之间还包括选择性核酸分离部件; 2 )将核酸 /蛋白溶 液加入到电泳槽的中间区域中; 3 )施加外加电场, 使溶液中的核酸成 分从中间区域向阳极区域泳动, 在此过程中, 被位于中间区域和阳极 区域之间的能选择性核酸分离部件所捕获, 从而使其与主要分布于中 间区域中的蛋白成分分离; 4 ) 收集主要分布于中间区域的蛋白成分和 /或被选择性核酸分离部件所捕获的核酸成分。
21. 权利要求 16 所述的核酸分离方法在分离样本中核酸中的应 用。
22. 权利要求 21所述的应用,其特征在于用于分离核酸 /蛋白质混 合物中的核酸和蛋白成分。
23. 权利要求 22所述的应用, 其特征在于用于分离疫苗制品中的 核酸和疫苗蛋白成分。
24. 权利要求 21所述的应用, 其特征在于用于检测溶液中核酸成 分的含量。
25. 权利要求 21所述的应用, 其特征在于用于检测疫苗制品中核 酸成分的含量。
26. 一种蛋白质制品, 其特征在于用权利要求 16所述的核酸分离 方法去除蛋白制品中的核酸成分。
27. 权利要求 26所述的蛋白质制品, 其特征在于进一步包括使核 酸降解的步骤。
28. 权利要求 26或 27任一项所述的蛋白质制品,其特征在于进一 步包括将核酸 /蛋白复合体解离的步骤。
29. 权利要求 26所述的蛋白质制品, 其特征在于所述蛋白制品为 疫苗制品。
PCT/CN2012/000805 2011-06-15 2012-06-12 一种核酸分离的方法及其应用 WO2012171329A1 (zh)

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