WO2012167513A1 - 一种混合油气除尘工艺及设备 - Google Patents

一种混合油气除尘工艺及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012167513A1
WO2012167513A1 PCT/CN2011/079140 CN2011079140W WO2012167513A1 WO 2012167513 A1 WO2012167513 A1 WO 2012167513A1 CN 2011079140 W CN2011079140 W CN 2011079140W WO 2012167513 A1 WO2012167513 A1 WO 2012167513A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
gas
dust
dust removal
tower
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PCT/CN2011/079140
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
牛斌
牛晓璐
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济南世纪华泰科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2012167513A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012167513A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/14—Packed scrubbers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B01D46/26—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies rotatable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/16—Apparatus having rotary means, other than rotatable nozzles, for atomising the cleaning liquid
    • B01D47/18—Apparatus having rotary means, other than rotatable nozzles, for atomising the cleaning liquid with horizontally-arranged shafts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mixed oil and gas dust removal process and equipment, in particular to a dust removal process and equipment for oil and gas produced by cracking waste rubber and waste plastic.
  • waste rubber and waste plastics to prepare clean oil and carbon black is a more effective treatment method. It not only treats industrial waste such as waste rubber and waste plastics, but also reduces environmental pollution, and solves the increasingly serious energy.
  • the crisis provides a new way.
  • due to the extremely fine carbon black and other lipophilic dust in the oil and gas produced by the cracking of waste rubber and waste plastics after the oil and gas is discharged from the cracking warehouse, the low-boiling oil will be lowered due to the sharp drop in temperature.
  • the present invention provides a mixed oil and gas dedusting process and a device thereof.
  • the invention can fully separate the oil in the oil and gas obtained by cracking waste rubber and waste plastic with carbon black and other lipophilic dust, thereby improving the oil product. And the quality of carbon black.
  • the mixed oil and gas dust removal process in the present invention is to spray the oil and gas through the filter, and then spray with the same kind of oil in the process of continuously increasing the oil and gas, so that the carbon black and other oleophilic dust entrained in the oil and gas fall, in the falling process. Due to the tower Body The effect of high temperature inside itself or the influence of high-temperature oil and gas entering later, the oil attached to carbon black and other lipophilic dust is converted from liquid to gaseous, and the oil and gas rises under the action of the ascending air current of the subsequently entering oil and gas, realizing oil and gas and dust Separation of particles.
  • the oil and gas generated by the cracking of waste rubber and waste plastic is first filtered and dusted by the filler, and the passing filler is relatively movable, thereby ensuring that the entire section of the oil and gas rise is filled with the filler, so that the filter dust removal is more sufficient.
  • the filler will rub against carbon black and other lipophilic dust, causing the dust to fall off and fall to the bottom of the tower.
  • the process can also block some large solid impurities, such as iron wire.
  • the fillers generally used in this process are Pall rings or other commonly used fillers.
  • the filler used in the filter dust removal process may be replaced by a catalyst, so that the oil and gas are subjected to gas phase catalysis while filtering and dust removal, in order to obtain a higher quality oil.
  • the catalysts used are all commonly used in the art, such as molecular sieves and the like.
  • the oil and gas that has been filtered and dedusted continues to rise in the tower. Since there are still a small amount of extremely fine carbon black and other lipophilic dust in the oil and gas after filtering and dust removal, a spraying process is arranged above the filtering and dust removing process.
  • the filtered and dust-removed oil and gas is cooled and liquefied and sent to a spraying process, which further cleans and dedusts the carbon black and other lipophilic dust contained in the oil and gas, and forms an oil seal to make carbon black and other lipophilic dust.
  • Sub-sedimentation to improve oil quality. According to the different oil quality required, the above-mentioned oil after filtering and dusting can be filtered by one or more times to filter dust and spray dust.
  • the filler is usually used as a catalyst, and it can also be used as abalone. A type of filler.
  • the condensed oil can be reused as a spray liquid. Since the temperature of the spray liquid is lower than the temperature of the oil and gas rising from the bottom of the tower, it is ensured that after spraying, the oil under the spray enters the tower body and receives the temperature of the tower itself, or encounters the tower from the temperature. When the oil and gas rising at the bottom of the body rises, the rising oil and gas will rise again after the heat absorption, and the carbon black and other lipophilic dust will fall into the filtering and dust removing mechanism, further improving the quality and yield of the oil.
  • the oil and gas input process is also included, and the oil and gas input port and the discharge port are located at both ends of the same pipeline in the oil and gas input process, and the discharge port It is conveyed by a spiral seal to ensure that the oil and gas enters the bottom of the tower body and is on the rise.
  • the carbon black and other lipophilic dust in the filter dust removal mechanism accumulate to a certain extent, under the action of external force, the dust removal mechanism moves, causing the carbon black and other lipophilic dust to rub against each other and fall, at this time, due to dust It has already agglomerated and has a large gravity, so it will not be affected by the rising oil and gas at the bottom of the tower during the falling process. After the agglomerated dust falls, it will enter the bottom of the tower and be exported through the discharge port during the oil and gas input process at the bottom of the tower. In addition, large solids such as iron wires contained in oil and gas can also be output through the discharge spiral.
  • the oil and gas is heated before the dust removal process, and the heat preservation process is performed during the movement process.
  • the temperature of oil and gas produced by the cracking of waste rubber and waste plastic is about 400 °C. Therefore, the temperature during this heating process should be slightly higher than the temperature of the oil and gas to prevent the low boiling point oil from condensing due to the temperature drop to ensure the rise of the oil and gas, but the heating temperature should not exceed 500 ° C, otherwise coking will occur.
  • the oil in the oil and gas obtained by cracking waste rubber and waste plastic can be sufficiently separated from the carbon black and other lipophilic dust, and the quality of the obtained oil and carbon black can be improved.
  • the hybrid oil and gas dust removal tower of the present invention is realized, and the lower end is provided with oil and gas In the mouth, the tower is equipped with a filtering dust removal mechanism. After the oil and gas enters the tower body from the lower end of the tower body, the dust removal mechanism is filtered to separate the carbon black and the oil. Spraying device with similar oil above the filtering dust removal mechanism The oil and carbon are separated from the carbon black twice, and an oil seal is formed.
  • the filter dust removal structure comprises a dust removal cage controlled by a transverse axis, and the total volume of the natural state of the filler particles loaded in the dust removal cage is smaller than the dust removal cage.
  • the volume can guarantee the dust-removing cage when controlling the movement of the dust-removing cage
  • the particles in the inside move relative to each other, and ensure that the cross section of the oil and gas passes through the filler particles, so that the oil and gas and the filler particles are in full contact, so as to achieve the maximum degree of dust removal and purification.
  • the utility model comprises a tower body provided with an oil and gas outlet, wherein at least one first packing layer is arranged in the tower body, an oil and gas inlet is arranged at a lower end of the tower body, a heating device is arranged above the oil and gas inlet, and a tower body is arranged in the tower body above the heating device
  • a vertical rotating shaft rotating dust dumping cage, a dust removing cage and a tower above the packing layer are provided with a spraying device.
  • the heating device disposed above the oil and gas inlet ensures that the oil and gas will not drop sharply after entering the tower body, which leads to the generation of oil droplets, which provides a temperature guarantee for the entire fractionation process.
  • the packing is filled in the dust removing cage, generally adopting a Pall ring to enlarge the contact area between the packing and the oil and gas, so that the oil and gas heated by the heating device will enter the dust removing cage, since the rotating cage can be perpendicular to the direction of the tower body. The rotation of the rotating shaft causes the oil and gas to rise.
  • the entire section is filled with fillers to ensure that the oil and gas and the filler are in full contact, and the solid impurities entrapped in the oil and gas are carried out.
  • the interaction between the fillers causes the carbon black and other oleophilic dust adhering thereto to rub against each other, so that it falls to the bottom of the tower to realize the dust removal operation for the oil and gas; in addition to the above-mentioned filler, it can also be commonly used.
  • the oil catalyst acts as a filler, so that the oil and gas can be further cracked when passing through the cage, and a higher quality oil has been obtained.
  • a spray device is arranged in the tower above the dust removing cage, and the above-mentioned carbon black or lipophilic dust is adsorbed by the sprayed liquid, and the liquid is discharged with the sprayed liquid, and the liquid seal of the oil and gas is realized at the same time, so that the above The dust is further settled to further remove dust from the oil and gas; since dust may still be present or generated after passing through the packing layer, in order to achieve the best fractionation and oil discharge effect, the tower body above the packing layer can also be set. There is a sprinkler.
  • the obtained oil can be discharged from the corresponding oil and gas outlet and condensed according to its boiling point to obtain the corresponding oil.
  • the oil obtained above can be reused as a liquid for spraying in a shower device, so that the temperature in the tower body can just meet the requirements of gasification of the oil, and the water can be better realized after the dust is absorbed. Secondary gasification, thereby achieving the effect of separation from dust, further improving the quality and yield of the oil.
  • the outer side of the tower body is provided with an insulation layer.
  • an outer protruding space is provided on the inner wall of the tower wall on both sides of the installation cage, and the cage is Both sides penetrate into the outer protrusion space, so that all the oil and gas entering from the bottom of the tower will pass through the filter dust removal cage.
  • An insulating layer is also disposed on the outside of the tower body protruding outside the dust removing cage.
  • the heating device is a heating tube,
  • the heating pipes are arranged side by side and leave a gap to ensure that carbon black and other lipophilic dust can fall to the bottom of the tower;
  • the structure of the heating pipe is preferably a flat pipe, which reduces the contact area with the falling dust while ensuring heating, and prevents the dust from being Stacked on the heating tube.
  • the tower above the nozzle of the sprinkler has at least two oil and gas outlets, so
  • the oil gas outlet is arranged on the side of the tower body, and the oil and gas outlet is also arranged at the top of the tower body, and the above oil and gas outlets are all arranged above the spraying device to ensure that oils with different boiling points can be separately separated to ensure the quality of the oil.
  • the oil and gas outlet can be directly connected to the spray device.
  • the filler layer is provided with a hand hole penetrating the tower body and the heat insulating layer to facilitate replacement of the filler, and the generally used filler is a molecular sieve.
  • An oil and gas transmission device is connected to the lower end of the tower body,
  • the upper part of the device is provided with an oil and gas outlet
  • the lower part of the device is an oil and gas input port
  • the other end is connected with a dust output pipe.
  • the pipe is provided with a discharge port, and a discharge spiral is arranged in the pipe.
  • the oil and gas enters the cavity through the oil and gas input port, and is discharged through the oil and gas outlet that is disposed on the cavity and perpendicular to the oil and gas input port.
  • the dust and solid impurities carried in the oil and gas are settled on the bottom surface of the cavity due to their own gravity, and form a pile.
  • the rotation of the discharge screw can be sent out of the cavity to enter the dust output pipe, and is vertically disposed.
  • the discharge port on the pipeline is discharged, so that various impurities settled in the oil and gas can be discharged, thereby improving the purity of the oil and gas, thereby improving the yield and quality of the final oil.
  • Said One end of the discharge spiral extends into the cavity to facilitate the external delivery of various impurities naturally deposited in the cavity, and the other end is installed at the outer end of the output pipe to facilitate connection with the external end of the power mechanism, and at the same time provide support for the entire spiral.
  • the spiral rotary vanes on both sides of the discharge port are oppositely rotated, and there is a gap between the rotary vanes on both sides.
  • the oil and gas outlet is perpendicular to the oil and gas input port, which can increase the stroke of the oil and gas in the cavity, and at the same time, the gravity is used to naturally settle various impurities, which also reduces the energy consumption of the device.
  • the invention adopts a reasonable process and equipment to realize dust removal and purification of oil and gas obtained by cracking waste rubber and waste plastics, improves oil quality and carbon black quality, and reduces environmental pollution, and solves the increasingly serious problem nowadays.
  • the energy crisis provides new avenues that can be widely promoted and applied.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process flow of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a dust removal tower according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of A-A in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of an oil and gas delivery device used in the present invention.
  • 1 is the tower body
  • 2 is the oil and gas inlet
  • 3 is the heating device
  • 4 is the rotating shaft
  • 5 is the dust removing cage
  • 6 is Sprinkler
  • 7 is the packing layer
  • 8 and 9 are the oil and gas outlets
  • 10 is the insulation layer
  • 11 is the hand hole
  • 12 is the oil and gas outlet
  • 13 is the oil and gas input port
  • 14 is the discharge spiral
  • 15 is the dust output pipe
  • 16 is the discharge port
  • 17 is the cavity.
  • a dust removal process for mixed oil and gas which takes oil and gas generated after cracking of waste plastics into the oil and gas inlet. After filtering and dust removal, the same type of oil is used for spraying and dusting. During the dust falling process, the oil attached thereto is followed. The entering oil and gas is converted into a gaseous state under the action of high temperature, and is recovered under the action of the subsequently entered oil and gas. The oil after the dust removal and spraying is discharged from the oil and gas outlet, and the settled dust is transported to Outlet.
  • a dust removal process for mixed oil and gas which generates oil and gas generated by cracking waste rubber from the oil and gas inlet at the lower end of the dust removal tower, and heats it to 450 ° C Insulation, oil and gas rise, after the Pall ring in the filter dust removal mechanism, the oil and gas continues to rise below the spray device, using 250 ° C The same kind of oil is sprayed and dusted.
  • the oil attached to it is converted from liquid to gas under the influence of high temperature in the tower body, and rises under the action of the subsequently entered oil and gas. Rising oil and gas It also contains a small amount of dust, which is filtered and dedusted and catalyzed again by the catalyst. After being sprayed and dusted, it is discharged from the corresponding oil and gas outlets. The dust accumulated in the dust removal mechanism is rubbed and transported to the spiral seal. Outlet.
  • a dust removal process for mixed oil and gas which generates oil and gas generated by cracking waste plastics from the oil and gas inlet at the bottom of the dust removal tower, and heats it to 420 ° C Insulation, oil and gas rise, after the filter in the dust removal mechanism, the oil and gas continues to rise below the spray device, using 300 ° C The same type of oil is sprayed and dusted. During the process of falling dust to the filter dust removal mechanism, the oil attached to it is converted from liquid to gaseous under the influence of the subsequently entered high temperature oil and gas, and under the action of subsequent oil and gas. Pick up.
  • a dust removal process for mixed oil and gas which takes oil and gas generated after cracking of waste rubber into the oil and gas inlet at the bottom of the dust removal tower, and heats it to 470 ° C Insulation, oil and gas rise, after the filter in the dust removal mechanism, the oil and gas continues to rise below the spray device, and the temperature is lowered to 200 °C after filtering and dust removal. The same kind of oil is sprayed and dusted. During the process of the dust falling to the filter dust removal mechanism, the oil attached to it is converted from liquid to gas under the influence of the high temperature of the tower itself, and rises under the action of the subsequently entered oil and gas. .
  • Rising oil and gas It also contains a small amount of dust, and once again passes the catalyst to achieve dust removal and catalysis, and uses the same kind of oil which has been filtered and dusted to reduce the temperature to 200 °C for spraying and dust removal. After dust removal, the corresponding oil and gas outlets are respectively removed. Discharge, filter the dust removal mechanism, the filler moves and rubs with the dust accumulated therein, so that the dust falls to the bottom of the tower, and is sent to the dust outlet by a spiral seal.
  • a mixed oil and gas dedusting tower has an oil and gas inlet at a lower end of the tower body, a filter dust removing mechanism is arranged in the tower body, and a similar oil liquid is arranged above the filtering dust removing mechanism.
  • the filter dust removal mechanism includes a dust-removing cage controlled by a transverse axis, and the total volume of the natural state in the dust-removing cage is smaller than the dust-removing cage Volume of filler particles.
  • a mixed oil and gas dedusting tower comprising a tower body 1 provided with an oil and gas outlet, and a packing layer 7 is arranged in the tower body 7
  • the lower end of the tower body is provided with an oil and gas inlet 2, and a heating device 3 is arranged above the oil and gas inlet 2, and a dust removing cage which can rotate with the rotating shaft 4 perpendicular to the direction of the tower body is arranged in the tower body above the heating device 3.
  • the dusting cage 5 and the tower above the packing layer are provided with a shower device 6 .
  • the outer side of the tower body is provided with an insulation layer 10, In order to prevent the oil and gas from rising from the gap between the cage and the inner wall of the tower wall, an outer protruding space is arranged on the inner wall of the tower wall on both sides of the mounting cage, and both sides of the cage are penetrated into the outer protruding space, thereby Ensure that all oil and gas entering from the bottom of the tower will pass through the filter dust removal cage.
  • the outer side of the dust removing cage 5, in particular, the outer side of the protruding tower body portion is also provided with a heat insulating layer; the heating device 3 is a heating tube, and the heating tube used is a flat tube;
  • the tower body 1 is provided with an oil and gas outlet 8 on the side thereof, and an oil and gas outlet 9 is arranged at the top of the tower body 1 and the oil and gas outlet 8 is It is disposed above the shower device 6; the filler layer 7 is provided with a hand hole 11 penetrating the tower body and the heat insulating layer.
  • the lower end of the tower body is connected with an oil and gas transmission device, and the upper part of the device is provided with an oil and gas outlet 12, and the lower chamber 17 of the device is an oil and gas input port. 13 , the other end is connected with a dust output pipe 15 , the pipe 15 is provided with a discharge port 16 , the pipe is provided with a discharge screw 14 ; the oil and gas outlet 12 can be connected with the oil and gas inlet 2 direct connection.
  • the discharge screw 14 has one end extending into the cavity 17 and one end mounted on the output pipe 15 At the outer end, the spiral rotary vanes on both sides of the discharge port are oppositely rotated, and there is a gap between the rotary vanes on both sides; the oil and gas output port 12 is perpendicular to the oil and gas input port 13 .
  • the utility model comprises a tower body provided with an oil and gas outlet, a three-stage packing layer is arranged in the tower body, an oil and gas inlet is arranged at the lower end of the tower body, a heating device is arranged above the oil and gas inlet, and a tower body above the heating device is arranged perpendicular to the direction of the tower body.
  • a dust-removing cage rotating on the rotating shaft, a dusting rotating cage and a tower above the packing layer are provided with a spraying device.
  • the outer side of the tower body is provided with an insulation layer,
  • the outer side of the dust removing cage is also provided with an insulating layer;
  • the heating device is a heating tube, and the heating tube used is a flat tube;
  • the side of the tower body is provided with two oil and gas outlets respectively located above the spraying device on the first-stage packing layer and the spraying device on the second-stage packing layer, and the oil gas outlet is also arranged at the top of the tower body; A hand hole penetrating the tower body and the heat insulation layer is disposed on the layer.
  • the bottom of the tower is connected
  • the oil and gas transmission device is provided with an oil and gas outlet in the upper part of the device.
  • the lower part of the device is an oil and gas inlet, and the other end is connected with a dust output pipe.
  • the pipe is provided with a discharge port, and a discharge spiral is arranged in the pipe.
  • the utility model comprises a tower body provided with an oil and gas outlet, a packing layer is arranged in the tower body, an oil and gas inlet is arranged at the lower end of the tower body, a heating device is arranged above the oil and gas inlet, and a rotating shaft which is perpendicular to the direction of the tower body is arranged in the tower body above the heating device.
  • the dust removal cage, the dust removal cage and the tower above the packing layer are provided with a spraying device.
  • the outer side of the tower body is provided with an insulation layer
  • the outer side of the dust removing cage, in particular, the outer side of the protruding tower body portion is also provided with a heat insulating layer
  • the heating device is a heating pipe, and the heating pipe used is a flat pipe;
  • the side of the tower body is provided with an oil and gas outlet, which is located above the spraying device, and an oil and gas outlet is also arranged at the top of the tower body, and the oil and gas outlet is directly connected to the spraying device through the cooling device.
  • the bottom of the tower is connected
  • the oil and gas transmission device is provided with an oil and gas outlet port at the upper part of the device, the lower part of the device is an oil and gas input port, and the other end is connected with a dust output pipe, the pipe is provided with a discharge port, and a discharge spiral is arranged in the pipe;
  • the spiral rotary vanes on both sides of the discharge port are oppositely rotated, and there is a gap between the rotary vanes on both sides; the oil and gas outlet is perpendicular to the oil and gas input port.

Abstract

一种混合油气除尘工艺和除尘塔。该工艺包括以下步骤：将油气进行过滤除尘后，再用同类油液进行喷淋除尘，粉尘下落过程中，其上附着的油液由液态转化为气态。该塔包括下端带有油气进口（2）的塔体（1），塔体（1）内装有过滤除尘机构和其上方的同类油液喷淋装置（6）；该过滤除尘机构包括由横向转轴控制的除尘转笼（5），除尘转笼（5）内装入的填料颗粒的自然状态的总体积小于除尘转笼（5）容积。该除尘工艺和除尘塔可以提高出油品质和炭黑质量，减轻环境污染。

Description

一种混合油气除尘工艺及设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合油气除尘工艺及设备，特别涉及一种废旧橡胶、废旧塑料裂解制得的油气的除尘工艺及设备。
背景技术
随着社会的快速发展，废旧橡胶、废旧塑料也越来越多，由于其在自然界中难以降解，对环境造成了极大的污染，人们都在致力于寻求一种最为理想的解决办法。
目前，利用废旧橡胶、废旧塑料裂解以制取清洁油品和炭黑是较为有效的处理方法，不仅处理了废旧橡胶、废旧塑料等工业垃圾，减轻了环境污染，而且为解决现在日益严重的能源危机提供了新的途径，但是，由于废旧橡胶、废旧塑料裂解产生的油气中存在极其细微的炭黑和其他亲油性粉尘，在油气从裂解仓出来后，由于温度急剧降低，低沸点油品会很快凝结成油滴，炭黑和其他亲油性粉尘会融入到液体油当中，造成油品质量下降，而且炭黑颗粒表面由于附着一层油，质量也不高。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提出了一种混合油气除尘工艺及其设备，采用本发明可以将废旧橡胶、废旧塑料裂解所得油气中的油与炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘充分分离，提高所的油品和炭黑的质量。
本发明中的混合油气除尘工艺是将油气通过过滤除尘后，在油气的继续上升过程中用同类油液进行喷淋，使得油气中所夹带的炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘下落，在下落的过程中，由于受塔 体 内本身高温的影响或者是后续进入的高温油气的影响，炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘上附着的油液由液态转化为气态，油气在后续进入的油气的上升气流作用下回升，实现油气与粉尘颗粒的分离。
在具体生产时，废旧橡胶、废旧塑料裂解产生的油气首先通过填料进行过滤除尘，通过的填料是能够相对运动的，从而保证在油气上升的整个截面上都布满填料，使得过滤除尘更加充分，而且填料会与炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘摩擦，使得粉尘脱落并落至塔底。另外，该过程还可以阻挡一些较大固体杂质，例如铁丝等。该过程中一般采用的填料为鲍尔环或者其他常用填料。进一步的，该过滤除尘过程中采用的填料可以采用催化剂代替，使得油气在过滤除尘的同时进行气相催化，以期获得品质更高的油品。所采用的催化剂均为本领域常用催化剂，例如分子筛等。
经过过滤除尘的油气继续在塔内上升，由于过滤除尘后油气中仍有少量极其细小的炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘存在，所以在过滤除尘过程上方设有喷淋过程。将经过滤除尘的油气降温液化后送入喷淋过程，该喷淋过程将油气中含有的炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘进行进一步的清洗除尘，并且形成油封，使得炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘二次沉降，提高出油品质。根据所需出油品质不同，可以将上述经过过滤除尘和喷淋除尘后的油品再经过一次或多次过滤除尘和喷淋除尘，该过滤除尘过程中填料通常采用催化剂，也可采用如鲍尔环一类的填料。
经过上述除尘过程后，根据所获得油品 沸点 不同从不同的 油气出口 排出， 经冷凝后即可获得相应的油品。
在实际操作中可以将冷凝的油品作为喷淋液体进行回用。由于喷淋液体温度要低于从塔底部上升的油气的温度，从而保证喷淋后，喷淋下的油品在进入塔体收到塔体自身温度影响，或遇到从塔 体 底部上升的油气时，会在吸热后随着上升的油气重新回升，炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘降落到过滤除尘机构中， 进一步提高了油品的品质和收率。
在本发明油气除尘过程中还包括油气输入过程，油气输入过程中油气输入口与 出料口 位于同一管路的两端， 出料口 采用螺旋密封输送，从而保证油气进入塔体底部后是呈上升趋势。
经过一段时间后，过滤除尘机构中的炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘积累到一定程度，在外力作用下，过滤除尘机构运动，引起炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘相互摩擦，下落，此时，由于粉尘已经结块，重力较大，所以在下落过程中不会再受到塔底上升油气的影响而回升。结块的粉尘降落后，会进入塔底，并通过塔底油气输入过程中的出料口导出，导出时采用出料螺旋导出。另外，油气中含有的铁丝等较大的固体也可以通过出料螺旋输出。
本发明油气除尘过程中，在过滤除尘过程前要对油气进行加热，而且在其运动过程中进行保温处理。废旧橡胶、废旧塑料裂解所产生的油气的温度大约为 400℃ ，所以此加热过程中温度应当略高于油气温度，防止低沸点的油品由于温度下降而凝结，以保证油气的上升，但是加热温度不宜超过 500℃ ，否则会出现结焦。
采用本发明所述的混合油气除尘工艺，可以实现废旧橡胶、废旧塑料裂解所得油气中的油和炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘充分分离，提高所得油品和炭黑的质量。
实现本发明的混合油气除尘塔，下端带有油气 进 口，塔体内装有过滤除尘机构，油气从塔体下端进入塔体后，经过过滤除尘机构，使得炭黑和油品初步分离。过滤除尘机构上方设有同类油液的 喷淋装置 ，使得油气与炭黑进行二次分离，并且形成油封。过滤除尘结构包括由横向轴控制的 除尘转笼 ， 除尘转笼 内装入的填料颗粒的自然状态的总体积小于 除尘转笼 容积，可以保证在控制 除尘转笼 运动时， 除尘转笼 内的颗粒相对运动，并且保证在油气通过的截面上充满填料颗粒，使得油气与填料颗粒充分接触，实现最大程度的除尘净化。
上述除尘塔的具体结构如下：
包括设置有油气出口的塔体，塔体内设置有至少一级的填料层，塔体下端设置有油气进口，油气进口上方设置有加热装置，加热装置上方的塔体内设置有可随与塔体方向垂直的转轴转动的除尘转笼，除尘转笼及填料层上方的塔体内均设置有喷淋装置。
采用这种设计后，油气进口上方设置的加热装置，保证了油气在进入塔体后不会急剧降温，而导致油滴的产生，为整个分馏过程提供了温度上的保证。在除尘转笼内装有填料，一般采用鲍尔环，以扩大填料与油气的接触面积，这样，经过加热装置加热后的油气，会进入除尘转笼内，由于转笼可以随与塔体方向垂直的转轴转动，使得在油气上升，通过转笼的过程中其整个截面上都布满填料，保证油气与填料的充分接触将油气中裹挟的固体杂质带出， 而且填料间的相互作用会使附着在其上面的炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘彼此之间摩擦，使得其落至塔底，实现对油气的除尘操作；除了采用上述的填料外，还可以采用常用的油品催化剂作为填料，这样油气在经过转笼时可以进行进一步的裂解，已获得品质更高的油品。
经过除尘转笼的油品中，可能仍有少量极其细小的炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘存在，为了避免上述物质进入分馏的工序，在 除尘转笼上方的塔体内设置有喷淋装置，通过喷淋出的液体，将上述的炭黑或亲油性粉尘吸附，并随喷淋出的液体下落，同时实现对油气的液封，使得上述的粉尘进一步的沉降，进而实现对油气的进一步除尘；由于在经过填料层后，可能依然会存在或产生粉尘，为了达到最佳的分馏出油效果，在填料层上方的塔体内也均可以设置有喷淋装置。
经过上述的除尘之后，所获得的油品可根据其沸点不同，从相应的油气出口排出经冷凝后即可获得相应的油品。上述所获得的油品可以作为喷淋装置喷淋用的液体进行回用，这样由于塔体内的温度恰好可以满足油品气化的要求，可以更好的实现在吸附了粉尘后，在下落过程中二次气化，从而实现与粉尘分离的效果，进一步提高了油品的品质和收率。
所述的塔体外侧设置有保温层，为了防止油气从转笼与塔壁内腔之间的空隙上升，在安装转笼两侧的塔壁内腔上设有外突的空间，转笼的两侧探入该外突空间内，从而保证从塔底进入的油气全部都会通过过滤除尘转笼，所述的 除尘转笼外侧突出的塔体外侧上也设置有保温层。
所述的加热装置为加热管， 加热管之间并列排列并且留有间隙，保证炭黑及其他亲油性粉尘能够下落到塔底；加热管的结构优选扁管，在保证加热的同时减少了与下落粉尘的接触面积，防止粉尘在加热管上堆积。
喷淋装置的喷嘴上方的塔体上带有至少两个油气出口，因此所述 的塔体侧面设置有油气出口，塔体顶端也设置有油气出口，且上述的油气出口均设置在喷淋装置的上方，确保不同沸点的油品能够分别分离出来，保证油品的质量，当采用分馏出的油品作为喷淋液体时，可以将油气出口与喷淋装置直接连接，为了确保油品冷凝为液体，最好通过冷却装置或冷却管路将上述两部分连接， 这样就实现了油品循环利用 。
所述的 填料层上设置有贯穿塔体和保温层的手孔，方便对填料进行更换，一般采用的填料为分子筛。
塔体下端连接有油气输送装置，该 装置上部设置有油气输出口，装置下部腔体一端为油气输入口，另一端连接有粉尘输出管道，该管道上设置有出料口，管道内设置有出料螺旋。
采用这种设计后，油气通过油气输入口进入到腔体内，并通过设置在腔体上，与油气输入口垂直的油气输出口排出，在这一过程中，由于油气的输送方向发生了改变，使得油气中所携带的粉尘及固体杂质由于自身重力作用沉降到腔体底面上，并形成堆积，此时通过出料螺旋的旋转可以将其送出腔体外进入到粉尘输出管道，并通过垂直设置在管道上的出料口排出，这样，就可以将油气中沉降下来的各种杂质排出，从而提高油气的纯度，进而提高最终油品的收率和品质。
所述 出料螺旋一端伸入腔体内，方便对腔体内自然沉降的各种杂质进行外送，另一端安装在输出管道外端，方便与外端的动力机构连接，同时为整个螺旋提供支撑。
出料口两侧的螺旋旋片旋向相反，且两侧旋片间有间距，采用这种设置后，物料在到达出料口下端时，旋片的反向使得各种杂质在出料口处密堆积，从而实现出料部分的密封，并可以方便的将各种杂质送出出料口，降低了设备的能耗。
油气输出口与油气输入口垂直设置，可以增大油气在腔体内的行程，同时利用重力作用使各种杂质自然沉降下来，也降低了设备的能耗。
综上所述，本发明采用合理的工艺及设备实现了废旧橡胶、废旧塑料裂解所得油气的除尘净化，提高了出油品质和炭黑质量，并且减轻了环境污染，而且为解决现在日益严重的能源危机提供了新的途径，可以广泛推广和应用。
附图说明
图 1 为本发明的工艺流程示意图；
图 2 为本发明所述除尘塔的结构示意图；
图 3 为图 2 中 A-A 的局部剖视图；
图 4 为本发明所采用 油气输送装置的结构示意图；
图中： 1 为 塔体， 2 为 油气进口， 3 为 加热装置， 4 为 转轴， 5 为 除尘转笼， 6 为 喷淋装置， 7 为 填料层， 8 和 9 为油气出口 ,10 为保温层， 11 为手孔， 12 为油气输出口， 13 为 油气输入口， 14 为 出料螺旋， 15 为 粉尘输出管道， 16 为 出料口， 17 为 腔体 。
具体实施方式
工艺实施例 1
一种混合油气的除尘工艺，将废旧塑料裂解后产生的油气从油气进口进入，经过过滤除尘后，采用同类油液对其进行喷淋除尘，粉尘下落过程中，其上附着的油液在后续进入的油气的高温作用下转化为气态，并在在后续进入的油气的作用下回升，经除尘和喷淋后的油品从油气出口排出，沉降的粉尘输送至 出料口 。
工艺实施例 2
一种混合油气的除尘工艺，将废旧橡胶裂解后产生的油气从除尘塔 下端 的油气进口进入，将其加热到 450℃ 并保温，油气上升，经过过滤除尘机构中鲍尔环作用后，油气继续上升至喷淋装置下方，采用 250℃ 的同类油液进行喷淋除尘，在粉尘下落到过滤除尘机构的过程中，其上附着的油液在塔体内高温影响下由液态转化为气态，并在后续进入的油气的作用下回升。回升的 油气 还含有少量粉尘，再一次通过催化剂实现过滤除尘和催化，并再经过喷淋除尘后分别从相应的 油气出口 排出，过滤除尘机构中积累的粉尘摩擦下落，采用螺旋密封输送至 出料口 。
工艺实施例 3
一种混合油气的除尘工艺，将废旧塑料裂解后产生的油气从除尘塔底部的油气进口进入，将其加热到 420℃ 并保温，油气上升，经过过滤除尘机构中填料作用后，油气继续上升至喷淋装置下方，采用 300℃ 的同类油液进行喷淋除尘，在粉尘下落到过滤除尘机构的过程中，其上附着的油液在后续进入的高温油气的影响下由液态转化为气态，并在后续进入的油气的作用下回升。回升的 油气 还含有少量粉尘，再经过一次鲍尔环过滤除尘和喷淋除尘后，合格油品从油气出口排出；剩余油气继续上升，经过催化剂除尘催化以及喷淋除尘后，从油气出口排出；过滤除尘机构转动，其中的填料运动并与其中积累的粉尘摩擦，使粉尘下落，采用螺旋密封输送至粉尘出口。
工艺实施例 4
一种混合油气的除尘工艺，将废旧橡胶裂解后产生的油气从除尘塔底部的油气进口进入，将其加热到 470℃ 并保温，油气上升，经过过滤除尘机构中填料作用后，油气继续上升至喷淋装置下方，采用经过滤除尘后降温至 200℃ 的同类油液进行喷淋除尘，在粉尘下落到过滤除尘机构的过程中，其上附着的油液在塔体本身高温的影响下由液态转化为气态，并在后续进入的油气的作用下回升。回升的 油气 还含有少量粉尘，再一次通过催化剂实现过滤除尘和催化，并采用经过滤除尘后降温至 200 ℃ 的同类油液进行喷淋除尘，除尘后分别从相应的出 油气出口 排出，过滤除尘机构转动，其中的填料运动并与其中积累的粉尘摩擦，使粉尘下落至塔底，采用螺旋密封输送至粉尘出口。
设备实施例 1
一种混合油气除尘塔，塔体下端有油气 进 口，塔体内装有过滤除尘机构，过滤除尘机构上方设有同类油液的 喷淋装置 ；过滤除尘机构包括由横向轴控制的 除尘转笼 ， 除尘转笼 内装有自然状态总体积小于 除尘转笼 容积的填料颗粒。本实施例的其他部分采用现有技术。
设备实施例 2
一种混合油气除尘塔，该除尘塔 包括设置有油气出口的塔体 1 ，塔体 1 内设置有填料层 7 ，塔体下端设置有油气进口 2 ，油气进口 2 上方设置有加热装置 3 ，加热装置 3 上方的塔体内设置有可随与塔体方向垂直的转轴 4 转动的除尘转笼 5 ，除尘转笼 5 及填料层上方的塔体内均设置有喷淋装置 6 。
所述的塔体外侧设置有保温层 10 ， 为了防止油气从转笼与塔壁内腔之间的空隙上升，在安装转笼两侧的塔壁内腔上设有外突的空间，转笼的两侧探入该外突空间内，从而保证从塔底进入的油气全部都会通过过滤除尘转笼，所述的 除尘转笼 5 外侧，特别是突出的塔体部分的外侧上也设置有保温层；所述的加热装置 3 为加热管，所采用的加热管为扁管；
所述的塔体 1 侧面设置有油气出口 8 ，塔体 1 顶端设置有油气出口 9 且所述的油气出口 8 设置在喷淋装置 6 上方；所述的填料层 7 上设置有贯穿塔体和保温层的手孔 11 。
塔体下端连接有 油气输送装置，该装置上部设置有油气输出口 12 ，该装置下部腔体 17 一端为油气输入口 13 ，另一端连接有粉尘输出管道 15 ，该管道 15 上设置有出料口 16 ，管道内设置有出料螺旋 14 ；油气输出口 12 可与油气进口 2 直接连接。
所述 出料螺旋 14 一端伸入腔体 17 内，一端安装在输出管道 15 外端，出料口两侧的螺旋旋片旋向相反，且两侧旋片间有间距；油气输出口 12 与油气输入口 13 垂直设置。
设备实施例 3
一种混合油气除尘塔，该除尘塔 包括设置有油气出口的塔体，塔体内设置有三级填料层，塔体下端设置有油气进口，油气进口上方设置有加热装置，加热装置上方的塔体内设置有可随与塔体方向垂直的转轴转动的除尘转笼，除尘转笼及填料层上方的塔体内均设置有喷淋装置。
所述的塔体外侧设置有保温层， 所述的 除尘转笼外侧也设置有保温层；所述的加热装置为加热管，所采用的加热管为扁管；
所述的塔体侧面设置有两个油气出口，分别位于第一级填料层上喷淋装置和第二级填料层上喷淋装置的上方，塔体顶端也设置有油气出口；所述的填料层上设置有贯穿塔体和保温层的手孔。
塔体下端连接有 油气输送装置，该装置上部设置有油气出口，该装置下部腔体一端为油气入口，另一端连接有粉尘输出管道，该管道上设置有出料口，管道内设置有出料螺旋。
设备实施例 4
一种混合油气除尘塔，该除尘塔 包括设置有油气出口的塔体，塔体内设置有填料层，塔体下端设置有油气进口，油气进口上方设置有加热装置，加热装置上方的塔体内设置有可随与塔体方向垂直的转轴转动的除尘转笼，除尘转笼及填料层上方的塔体内均设置有喷淋装置。
所述的塔体外侧设置有保温层， 所述的 除尘转笼外侧，特别是突出的塔体部分的外侧上也设置有保温层；所述的加热装置为加热管，所采用的加热管为扁管；
所述的塔体侧面设置有油气出口，位于喷淋装置的上方，塔体顶端也设置有油气出口，该油气出口通过冷却装置与喷淋装置直接连接。
塔体下端连接有 油气输送装置，该装置上部设置有油气输出口，该装置下部腔体一端为油气输入口，另一端连接有粉尘输出管道，该管道上设置有出料口，管道内设置有出料螺旋；
所述 出料螺旋一端伸入腔体内，一端安装在输出管道外端，出料口两侧的螺旋旋片旋向相反，且两侧旋片间有间距；油气输出口与油气输入口垂直设置。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种混合油气除尘工艺，其特征是：它包括下述过程：将油气进行过滤除尘后，再用同类油液进行喷淋除尘，粉尘下落过程中，其上附着的油液由液态转化为气态。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的混合油气除尘工艺，其特征是：油气通过填料进行过滤除尘，在过滤除尘过程中使用的填料能够相对运动而将粉尘排出。
  3. 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的混合油气除尘工艺，其特征是：喷淋过程设置在过滤除尘过程的上方。
  4. 根据权利要求 3 所述的混合油气除尘工艺，其特征是：将部分经过滤除尘的油气降温后送至上述喷淋过程，经喷淋下落的粉尘落入过滤除尘机构中。
  5. 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的混合油气除尘工艺，其特征是：在过滤除尘过程前将油气进行加热并在其运动过程中进行保温处理。
  6. 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的混合油气除尘工艺，还包括油气输入过程，其特征是：油气输入过程中油气输入口与 出料口 位于同一管路的两端， 出料口 采用螺旋密封输送。
  7. 一种混合油气除尘塔，包括下端带有 油气进口 的塔体，其特征是：塔体内装有过滤除尘机构和其上方的同类油液 喷淋装置 ；所述的过滤除尘机构包括由横向 转轴 控制的 除尘转笼 ， 除尘转笼 内装入的填料颗粒的自然状态的总体积小于 除尘转笼 容积。
  8. 根据权利要求 7 所述的混合油气除尘塔，其特征是：所述的除尘塔 包括设置有油气出口的塔体（ 1 ），塔体（ 1 ）内设置有至少一级的填料层（ 7 ），塔体下端设置有油气进口（ 2 ），油气进口（ 2 ）上方设置有加热装置（ 3 ），加热装置（ 3 ）上方的塔体内设置有可随与塔体方向垂直的转轴（ 4 ）转动的除尘转笼（ 5 ），除尘转笼（ 5 ）及填料层（ 7 ）上方的塔体内均设置有喷淋装置（ 6 ）。
  9. 根据权利要求 7 或 8 所述的混合油气除尘塔，其特征是：安装 除尘 转笼 （ 5 ） 两侧的塔体内腔上设有外突的空间， 除尘 转笼 （ 5 ） 的两侧探入该外突空间内。
  10. 根据权利要求 7 或 8 所述的混合油气除尘塔，其特征是：与油气出口连接的管路经冷却装置后与喷淋装置 （ 6 ） 连接。
  11. 根据权利要求 7 或 8 所述的混合油气除尘塔，其特征是：所述的塔体 （ 1 ） 外侧设置有保温层（ 10 ）。
  12. 根据权利要求 7 或 8 所述的混合油气除尘塔，其特征是：喷淋装置 （ 6 ） 的喷嘴上方的塔体上带有至少两个油气出口。
  13. 根据权利要求 7 或 8 所述的混合油气除尘塔，其特征是：塔体（ 1 ）下端连接有油气输送装置，该 装置上部设置有油气输出口（ 12 ），装置下部腔体一端为油气输入口（ 13 ），另一端连接有粉尘输出管道（ 15 ），该管道上设置有出料口（ 16 ），管道内设置有出料螺旋（ 14 ）。
  14. 根据权利要求 13 所述的混合油气除尘塔，其特征是： 出料口（ 16 ）两侧的出料螺旋（ 14 ）旋片旋向相反，且两侧旋片间有间距。
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