WO2012164710A1 - 非調質コネクティングロッド用棒鋼 - Google Patents
非調質コネクティングロッド用棒鋼 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012164710A1 WO2012164710A1 PCT/JP2011/062655 JP2011062655W WO2012164710A1 WO 2012164710 A1 WO2012164710 A1 WO 2012164710A1 JP 2011062655 W JP2011062655 W JP 2011062655W WO 2012164710 A1 WO2012164710 A1 WO 2012164710A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C7/00—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
- F16C7/02—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length
- F16C7/023—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length for piston engines, pumps or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- F16C2204/62—Low carbon steel, i.e. carbon content below 0.4 wt%
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
- F16C2360/22—Internal combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
- F16C9/04—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof
- F16C9/045—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof the bearing cap of the connecting rod being split by fracturing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel bar for non-tempered connecting rod containing Cu, Ni and Mo. More specifically, the present invention is a non-tempered connecting rod for automobile engines and the like that can be easily cut and hot forged and requires good machinability, fracture splitting property and fatigue resistance. It relates to the steel bar used for the material.
- a connecting rod 1 such as an automobile engine shown in FIG. 1 is an engine component that connects a piston and a crankshaft, and plays a role of transmitting explosive force to a drive shaft. ing. For this reason, the connecting rod is required to have high fatigue strength. In particular, with the recent increase in engine output, fatigue strength required for connecting rods is increasing.
- Carbon steels for machine structural use such as S48C specified in JIS are stable and have a large fatigue limit ratio (fatigue strength in terms of tensile strength) when subjected to quenching and tempering heat treatment (hereinafter referred to as “tempering treatment”). (Value divided by) can be secured. For this reason, the conventional connecting rod has been manufactured by tempering a carbon steel material for mechanical structure such as S48C.
- the basic chemical composition is 0.35% C-0.4% Si-0.95% Mn-0.04% S-0.5% Cr-0.1% V in mass%.
- Non-tempered connecting rod made of steel is used.
- the connecting rod 1 is conventionally processed by cutting the bolt hole 9 and finishing the rod 2 and the cap 3 that have been hot forged in separate processes, respectively.
- the crankshaft (not shown) is sandwiched, and the rod 2 and the cap 3 are assembled together by bolts 4. Therefore, although the tempering process can be omitted, it is not as satisfactory in terms of cost reduction as the “cracking connecting rod” described below.
- both the rod 2 and the cap 3 are integrally formed by hot forging, and then the bolt hole 9 A so-called “cracking connecting rod” that is processed and then cracked (broken and split) into the rod 2 and the cap 3 at the large end portion 5 is employed in some vehicle types.
- a method is applied in which a jig is inserted into a portion (for example, the N portion in FIG. 1) of the large end hole 7 of the integrally formed material and stress is applied to cause fracture.
- cracked connecting rod 1 that is, “cracking connecting rod”
- the rod 2 and the cap 3 are used to connect the crankshaft. It is only necessary to match the fracture surfaces after clamping and to connect the rod 2 and the cap 3 with the bolt 4.
- the fracture surface of the cracking connecting rod is a brittle fracture surface
- the cutting process of the mating surface, which is the part sandwiching the crankshaft becomes unnecessary, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the cracking connecting rod is connected at the fracture surface. Therefore, it has excellent fastening rigidity (that is, strength).
- the non-refined cracking connecting rod of Patent Document 1 has a high C content and is inferior in machinability as compared with a connecting rod obtained by tempering a conventional carbon steel material for mechanical structure. For this reason, the industry's request to improve machinability for bolt hole machining cannot always be met. Furthermore, the fatigue strength of the non-refined cracking connecting rod of Patent Document 1 is 0.35% C-0.4% in terms of the fatigue strength of the connecting rod obtained by tempering the carbon steel material for mechanical structure and the aforementioned mass%. It is inferior to the fatigue strength of a non-tempered connecting rod having a basic chemical composition of Si-0.95% Mn-0.04% S-0.5% Cr-0.1% V.
- Non-tempered connecting rod with a basic chemical composition of 0.04% S-0.5% Cr-0.1% V has fatigue resistance equal to or better than non-tempered connecting rods, and has excellent machinability. The demand for tempered connecting rods is extremely high.
- Patent Document 2 a non-tempered connecting rod made of Pb-free steel and excellent in machinability, cracking properties and fatigue resistance and its A manufacturing method was proposed.
- the “electric furnace” method contains Cu, Ni and Mo as impurities in the main raw material scrap. Therefore, when the content of the Cu, Ni and Mo in the steel bar is increased, the hot forgeability when processing into a connecting rod shape (decrease in ductility during hot forging) and bolt hole processing, etc. There is concern about a decrease in machinability.
- the non-tempered connecting rod can secure the desired strength in the state that the steel bar as the raw material is formed into a predetermined shape by hot forging. It is manufactured by hot rolling a molten steel. Therefore, the steel bar that is the material also becomes hard in the state of being hot-rolled.
- hot forging the connecting rod the steel bar is first cut to a predetermined length. If the steel bar is hard, the life of a cutting tool such as a saw blade, a cutting grindstone or a shear is shortened. Therefore, when the content of Cu, Ni, and Mo is increased in the steel bar that is the material, there is a concern that the life of the cutting tool when cutting the steel bar is shortened.
- Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 shown below are disclosed as techniques for using non-tempered steel containing Cu, Ni and Mo as a material for “cracking connecting rod”.
- Patent Document 3 contains specific amounts of C, Si, Mn, S, P, Cu, Ni, Cr, V, Ti, sol-Al, and N, and if necessary, Pb, Te, Ca , “High-strength non-heat treated steel” is disclosed that contains one or more of Bi, Nb, Zr, and B, the balance being inevitable impurities and Fe, and having a ferrite pearlite structure.
- the non-tempered steel proposed in Patent Document 3 has not been sufficiently considered for hot forgeability.
- Patent Document 4 contains specific amounts of C, Si, Mn, Cr, S, P, V, sol-Al, N, and O, and if necessary, Pb, Te, Ca, Bi, Cu "Non-tempered steel for hot forging that is easy to break and separate" is disclosed which contains one or more of Ni, Mo, Ti, Nb and Zr, and the balance is Fe and impurities.
- the non-tempered steel proposed in Patent Document 4 does not contain Ti as an essential element, so that the ferrite is not strengthened by Ti carbide and is inferior in cracking properties.
- the non-tempered steel proposed in Patent Document 4 may contain Ti as an optional element, the disclosed steel has a low Ti content, so that the strengthening of ferrite by Ti carbide is insufficient. Inferior in cracking property.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and its purpose is to perform cutting and hot forging easily even if it contains Cu, Ni and Mo in order to use scrap as a steelmaking raw material. It is possible to provide a steel bar for a non-tempered connecting rod, which is used for a non-tempered connecting rod such as an automobile engine, which requires good machinability, cracking properties and fatigue resistance.
- the gist of the present invention resides in the steel rods for non-tempered connecting rods shown in (1) and (2) below.
- a steel bar for non-tempered connecting rod % By mass C: 0.25 to 0.35%, Si: 0.40 to 0.70%, Mn: more than 0.65% and 0.90% or less, P: 0.040 to 0.070%, S: 0.040 to 0.130%, Cr: 0.10 to 0.30%, Cu: 0.05 to 0.40%, Ni: 0.05-0.30%, Mo: 0.01 to 0.15%, V: 0.12 to 0.20%, Ti: more than 0.150% and 0.200% or less, Al: 0.002 to 0.100% and N: 0.020% or less,
- the balance consists of Fe and impurities, Fn1 represented by the following formula ⁇ 1> is a chemical composition satisfying 0.60 to 0.80 and Fn2 represented by the following formula ⁇ 2> is 7 or more, 90% or more of the structure is a ferrite pearlite structure, and the ratio of ferrite in the ferrite pearlite structure is 40% or more.
- Fn1 C + (Si / 10) + (Mn / 5) + (5Cr / 22) + 1.65V- (5S / 7) + (Cu / 33) + (Ni / 20) + (Mo / 10) ... ⁇ 1>
- Fn2 (Mn + Ti) / S ... ⁇ 2>
- the element symbols in the ⁇ 1> and ⁇ 2> formulas represent the content (mass%) of the element in steel.
- Impurity in “Fe and impurities” as the remainder refers to those mixed from raw materials or production environment when industrially producing steel materials.
- “Ferrite / pearlite structure” refers to a mixed structure of ferrite and pearlite. Each phase described above can be identified by observation using an optical microscope or an electron microscope.
- the steel bar for non-tempered connecting rod of the present invention can be easily cut and hot forged, and is required to have good machinability, cracking property and fatigue resistance, such as an automobile engine. Suitable as a material for quality connecting rods.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows an example of a connecting rod. It is a figure explaining the dimension measurement location for derivation
- “A” in the figure is the inner diameter of the large end hole 7 of the connecting rod measured in the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod, and “b” and “c” are 87 ° with respect to “a”, respectively. And an inner diameter when measured at an angle of 93 °.
- C 0.25 to 0.35%
- C has the effect
- the C content is preferably 0.30% or less.
- Si 0.40 to 0.70% Si is effective for deoxidizing steel and has an effect of increasing the strength of the steel by solid solution strengthening. However, if the content is less than 0.40%, the above effect is poor. On the other hand, even if Si is contained in excess of 0.70%, the above effect is saturated and the cost is increased. Moreover, the hot forgeability of steel is reduced. Therefore, the Si content is set to 0.40 to 0.70%.
- the Si content is preferably 0.50% or more.
- Mn More than 0.65% and 0.90% or less Mn has a deoxidizing action of steel and an action of improving the strength of steel. In order to obtain these effects, it is necessary to contain Mn in an amount exceeding 0.65%. However, when the content of Mn exceeds 0.90%, the hot forgeability of the steel decreases. Further, the hardenability becomes too high to form a bainite structure, resulting in a decrease in cracking properties and machinability. Therefore, the Mn content is more than 0.65% and not more than 0.90%. The Mn content is preferably 0.70% or more, and preferably 0.85% or less. The content of Mn is more preferably 0.80% or less.
- P 0.040 to 0.070% P segregates at the grain boundaries to embrittle the steel, and has a function of making the fracture surface during cracking of the connecting rod a brittle fracture surface.
- the P content needs to be 0.040% or more. However, if the content exceeds 0.070%, the hot forgeability of the steel decreases. Therefore, the P content is set to 0.040 to 0.070%.
- S 0.040 to 0.130%
- S is one of the important elements for the present invention, and has the effect of increasing the machinability of steel by forming sulfides with Mn and Ti.
- the S content needs to be 0.040% or more.
- the S content is set to 0.040 to 0.130%.
- the present invention aims to further reduce the material cost by using scrap as a raw material. Therefore, it must be avoided that the reduction in hot ductility due to Cu, Ni and Mo contained in the scrap overlaps with the reduction in hot ductility due to the inclusion of a large amount of S. Therefore, in the present invention, as will be described later, the balance between the “Mn + Ti” amount that is the sum of the Mn and Ti contents and the S content is optimized.
- Cr 0.10 to 0.30% Cr has an effect of increasing strength. In order to obtain this effect sufficiently, the Cr content needs to be 0.10% or more. However, if the Cr content exceeds 0.30%, a bainite structure is formed, and cracking properties and machinability are lowered. Therefore, the Cr content is set to 0.10 to 0.30%.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.20% or less.
- V 0.12 to 0.20%
- V is one of the important elements in the present invention. That is, V has the effect of precipitating as a carbide in ferrite and improving the strength. In order to obtain this effect, the V content needs to be 0.12% or more. However, even if V is contained in an amount exceeding 0.20%, the above-described effect is hardly increased, and the cost is extremely increased. Therefore, the V content is set to 0.12 to 0.20%.
- the V content is preferably 0.13% or more, and preferably 0.18% or less.
- Ti more than 0.150% and 0.200% or less
- the present invention is characterized by containing Ti in addition to V, and Ti is one of the important elements in the present invention. That is, similarly to the above V, Ti precipitates as a carbide in the ferrite to increase the strength, and further has a function of significantly strengthening the ferrite by containing it in combination with V. By strengthening the ferrite, it is possible to ensure a good cracking property in the ferrite / pearlite structure. Furthermore, the strengthening of ferrite leads to the suppression of the occurrence of fatigue cracks, so that the fatigue strength can be increased. Ti also has the effect of forming sulfides to improve machinability and increase hot ductility.
- TiN nitride
- Al 0.002 to 0.100%
- Al is an element effective as a deoxidizer for steel.
- Ti and V are contained in combination as described above.
- Ti preferentially bonds with N to form TiN.
- Ti forms an oxide because of its strong deoxidizing power.
- Al is contained in order to deoxidize the steel with Al to stabilize the deoxidation, and at the same time, to form Ti and ensure Ti effective for strengthening the ferrite.
- the Al content is set to 0.002 to 0.100%.
- the Al content is preferably 0.050% or less.
- Ti is added after deoxidizing sufficiently with Al, that is, addition
- a predetermined amount of Al and Ti is preferably contained in the order of Al and Ti.
- N 0.020% or less
- Ti and V are contained in combination, and the ferrite is greatly strengthened by precipitation of carbides.
- N preferentially forms Ti and nitride.
- an upper limit is set for the N content to 0.020% or less.
- the N content is preferably 0.012% or less, and the smaller the better.
- Fn1 0.60 to 0.80
- the content of each element is in the above range, and Fn1 represented by the following formula ⁇ 1> needs to satisfy 0.60 to 0.80.
- Fn1 C + (Si / 10) + (Mn / 5) + (5Cr / 22) + 1.65V- (5S / 7) + (Cu / 33) + (Ni / 20) + (Mo / 10) ... ⁇ 1>.
- the element symbol in the above formula ⁇ 1> represents the content (mass%) of the element in steel.
- Fn2 7 or more
- the hot ductility decreases as the S content increases.
- the scrap used as a raw material contains Cu, Ni and Mo, and the hot ductility is lowered by these elements.
- Fn2 represented by the following ⁇ 2> formula needs to satisfy 7 or more.
- the element symbol in the above formula ⁇ 2> represents the content (mass%) of the element in steel.
- Fn2 represented by the formula ⁇ 2> is preferably 22 or less.
- One of the steel bars of the present invention includes the above elements, the balance being Fe and impurities, and Fn1 represented by the above formula ⁇ 1> represented by 0.60 to 0.80 and the above formula ⁇ 2> Fn2 has a chemical composition satisfying 7 or more.
- Another one of the steel bars of the present invention has a chemical composition containing at least one element selected from Pb and Te instead of a part of Fe of the steel bar.
- Pb 0.30% or less
- Pb has an action of enhancing the machinability of steel, and therefore Pb may be contained to obtain this effect.
- the Pb content exceeds 0.30%, the hot forgeability is reduced. Therefore, when Pb is contained, the content is set to 0.30% or less.
- the Pb content is preferably 0.02% or more.
- Pb is not included.
- Te 0.30% or less Te has an effect of improving the machinability of steel, and therefore Te may be contained to obtain this effect. However, if the Te content exceeds 0.30%, the hot forgeability is reduced. Therefore, when Te is contained, the content is set to 0.30% or less.
- the Te content is preferably 0.10% or less.
- the Te content is preferably set to 0.002% or more.
- (B) Structure of steel bar for non-tempered connecting rod In the steel bar of the present invention, 90% or more of the structure must be a ferrite / pearlite structure, and the ferrite ratio in the ferrite / pearlite structure must be 40% or more. This is to facilitate the cutting of a steel bar, which is a material for hot forging the connecting rod, into a predetermined length and to extend the life of a cutting tool such as a saw blade, a cutting grindstone, or a shear.
- the steel bar becomes hard and difficult to cut. Specifically, when the steel bar is cut with the cutting tool, the tool is damaged or / and worn, resulting in deterioration of productivity or being unable to cut to a predetermined length. For this reason, it is necessary to make 90% or more of the structure of the bar steel into a ferrite pearlite structure so that the bainite structure and the martensite structure can be substantially ignored.
- the pearlite contains cementite, so if the percentage of hard pearlite increases and exceeds 60%, it is difficult to cut the steel bar to the specified length. There is. Therefore, in order to make it easy to cut the steel bar to a predetermined length, the pearlite ratio in the ferrite pearlite structure must be suppressed to 60% or less, that is, the ferrite ratio needs to be 40% or more.
- the non-heat treated connecting rod steel bar according to the present invention can be manufactured, for example, through the following steps (a) to (c).
- a scrap is used as a melting raw material, and a steel having the chemical composition described in the above item (A) is melted to obtain a steel ingot or slab.
- the steel ingot and cast slab are subjected to ingot rolling as necessary to form a steel slab.
- a steel ingot, slab or steel slab is heated to 1000-1300 ° C. and hot-rolled to obtain a predetermined steel bar (round bar or square bar) size.
- “Temperature” and “average cooling rate” in the above steps (b) and (c) indicate the temperature and average cooling rate on the surface of the material to be treated in each step, respectively.
- the steel ingot, slab or steel slab may be heated to 1000 ° C. or higher in order to improve the efficiency of hot rolling by processing in the austenite region.
- the heating temperature is more preferably 1100 ° C. or higher. If the heating temperature is too high, austenite grains grow, the interfacial area of grains forming ferrite formation nuclei becomes small, and the ferrite area ratio becomes low. For this reason, the upper limit of the heating temperature of the steel ingot, slab or steel slab may be 1300 ° C.
- a temperature range of 800 to 500 ° C. at which ferrite-pearlite transformation occurs is cooled at an average cooling rate of 0.8 ° C./second or less. Therefore, generation of bainite and martensite can be easily suppressed. Furthermore, the pearlite ratio in the ferrite-pearlite structure can be suppressed to 60% or less.
- the average cooling rate in the above temperature range is more preferably 0.6 ° C./second or less. In an industrial mass production process, the average cooling rate in the above temperature range is preferably 0.2 ° C./second or more from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the cooling in the temperature range below 500 ° C. may be any cooling pattern.
- the steel bar of the present invention is used as a raw material, a non-tempered connecting rod having good machinability, cracking properties and fatigue resistance can be easily produced by a normal hot forging method.
- Steels 1 to 22 having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 were melted by a normal method using a 3 ton electric furnace to obtain steel ingots.
- Steels 3 to 8 and Steel 22 are steels that satisfy the chemical composition defined in the present invention.
- Steel 1, Steel 2 and Steels 9 to 21 are comparative steels outside the range of the chemical composition defined in the present invention.
- Steel 1 and Steel 2 are steels substantially equivalent to cracking connecting rod steels disclosed in Patent Document 1 and already put into practical use in Europe, and non-adjustments used in some vehicle models.
- the above steel ingot was heated to 1250 ° C. and then hot rolled to obtain a steel piece of 180 mm ⁇ 180 mm. Next, it was hot-rolled into a round bar with a diameter of 30 mm under the conditions shown in Table 2 assuming that a hot forging material was produced.
- Table 2 specifically shows the heating temperature of hot rolling, the finishing temperature of hot rolling, and the average cooling rate in the temperature range of 800 to 500 ° C. after finishing of hot rolling.
- the average cooling rate in the above temperature range was adjusted by changing the air cooling conditions. Cooling in the temperature range below 500 ° C. was allowed to cool in the atmosphere.
- a cutting test was performed by cutting each steel bar having a diameter of 30 mm with a cutting grindstone using a high-speed cutting machine. Specifically, a cutting test was conducted by installing a normal cutting grindstone having an outer diameter of 455 mm, an inner diameter of 30 mm, and a thickness of 3.5 mm in a normal automatic high-speed cutting machine having a grindstone rotational speed of 1650 rpm.
- Steel 2 is steel based on non-tempered steel for connecting rods used in some vehicle types.
- the steel 2 could be cut 500 times with one cutting grindstone. For this reason, it was judged that it is industrially equivalent if the life of the cutting wheel is ⁇ 10% with respect to the above 500 times. That is, if the life of the cutting wheel is less than 450 times (90%), it is difficult to cut from steel 2. If it is 450 to 550 times (90 to 110%), it is equivalent to steel 2 and 550 times (110%). Each test number was evaluated so that it was easier to cut than steel 2 if it exceeded.
- a cylindrical test piece having a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 22.5 mm was collected from the central part of the steel bar having a diameter of 30 mm, and the hot forgeability was investigated. Specifically, the columnar test piece is heated to 1250 ° C., cooled in the air, and heated to 1100 ° C. until the length becomes 30% (6.75 mm) in the axial direction. I did. After the above installation, the presence or absence of cracks on the surface of the test piece was visually examined. The above investigation was conducted five times for each test number, and the crack occurrence frequency was displayed as a percentage.
- the crack occurrence frequency was 60% (that is, cracks were recognized in 3 out of 5 hot upsets), so the evaluation criteria for hot forgeability were “Crack occurrence frequency is 60%”. In the case of the crack occurrence frequency exceeding 60%, the hot forgeability was inferior, and it was judged unsuitable as a material for non-tempered connecting rods such as automobile engines. For this reason, the investigation which manufactures the following actual connecting rod was not conducted.
- a connecting rod was manufactured and investigated in order to make it an evaluation standard for cracking properties.
- a steel bar having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 300 mm was heated to 1250 ° C., and an integrally formed material of a rod 2 and a cap 3 having a total length of 170 mm shown in FIG. 1 was produced by hot forging. Cooling after hot forging was allowed to cool in the atmosphere.
- HV Vickers hardness
- the diameter of the parallel part shown in FIG. 3 from the flange part 6 (the central part of the large end part 5 and the small end part 8) of the rod 2 of the integrally formed material is 3 mm
- the length of the parallel part is 11 mm
- the grip part diameter A 6mm-shaped fatigue test piece was cut out and subjected to a fatigue test by load-controlled tension and compression using an electrohydraulic servo-type fatigue tester in a room temperature atmosphere with a stress ratio of -1 and a repetition rate of 10 to 20 Hz. Fatigue strength (hereinafter referred to as “ ⁇ w”) was measured. The maximum intensity of the number of repetitions is not broken in 10 seven times and the fatigue strength.
- Machinability was evaluated by bolt hole machining. That is, the bolt hole 9 (through hole) of FIG. 1 is drilled in the large end portion 5 of each integrally formed material with a drill, and the corner wear amount (wear amount of the outermost drill portion) after drilling 300 pieces is measured. And evaluated. In addition, the above-mentioned corner wear amount in the case of test number 2 made of steel 2 is used as a reference value. If the wear amount is within 110% of the reference value, the machinability is “good” and exceeds 110% of the reference value. In this case, the machinability was evaluated as “bad”.
- the machinability of steel that does not contain Pb and Ca which are free machinability imparting elements, is superior to the machinability of steel 2 containing Pb and Ca. Even if it is inferior, if the degree is 10%, it is determined that productivity on an industrial scale is equivalent.
- the wear amount may be smaller than 90% of the reference value. In that case, the machinability was “excellent”.
- Drill 8mm diameter straight shank drill with P20 carbide, Rotation speed: 1200rpm, Feed: 0.15mm / rev, Lubrication: Water-soluble lubricant.
- cracking is shown in FIG. 6 was performed in the same manner using the apparatus described in 6. That is, first, a jig was inserted into the large end hole 7 of FIG. Next, the jig was operated so that a tensile load was applied in an impact direction in the direction of the arrow a in FIG. 2, and the rod 2 and the cap 3 were cracked by a notch provided in the N part. Note that the integrally formed material of test number 2 made of steel 2 and the integrally formed material of test number 13 made of steel 13 not containing Ti can be cracked to the rod 2 and the cap 3. There wasn't.
- Test number 1 is made of steel 1 corresponding to cracking connecting rod steel that has already been put to practical use in Europe. The cracking property was determined to be good when the fracture surface was of the same level and the amount of fracture strain was smaller than the value of test number 1 (0.15 mm).
- the above-mentioned breaking strain amount refers to “a ⁇ ⁇ (b + c) / 2 ⁇ ” after cracking when the cracked rod 2 and cap 3 are matched at the fracture surface and the values a to c shown in FIG. 2 are measured. Minus the value of “a ⁇ ⁇ (b + c) / 2 ⁇ ” before cracking.
- a is the inner diameter of the large end hole 7 of the connecting rod when measured in the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod
- b and c are 87 ° with respect to “a”, respectively.
- an inner diameter when measured at an angle of 93 °.
- the steel bar having the chemical composition and structure defined in the present invention can be easily cut and hot forged.
- the connecting rod manufactured by hot forging using a steel bar having the chemical composition and structure defined in the present invention has good machinability, cracking properties and fatigue resistance.
- the steel bar for non-tempered connecting rod of the present invention can be easily cut and hot forged, and is required to have good machinability, cracking property and fatigue resistance, such as an automobile engine. Suitable as a material for quality connecting rods.
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Abstract
Description
質量%で、
C:0.25~0.35%、
Si:0.40~0.70%、
Mn:0.65%を超えて0.90%以下、
P:0.040~0.070%、
S:0.040~0.130%、
Cr:0.10~0.30%、
Cu:0.05~0.40%、
Ni:0.05~0.30%、
Mo:0.01~0.15%、
V:0.12~0.20%、
Ti:0.150%を超えて0.200%以下、
Al:0.002~0.100%および
N:0.020%以下を含み、
残部はFeおよび不純物からなり、
下記<1>式で表わされるFn1が0.60~0.80および下記<2>式で表わされるFn2が7以上を満たす化学組成であり、
組織の90%以上がフェライト・パーライト組織で、かつ該フェライト・パーライト組織におけるフェライトの割合が40%以上である、
ことを特徴とする非調質コネクティングロッド用棒鋼。
Fn1=C+(Si/10)+(Mn/5)+(5Cr/22)+1.65V-(5S/7)+(Cu/33)+(Ni/20)+(Mo/10)・・・<1>
Fn2=(Mn+Ti)/S・・・<2>
ここで、<1>式および<2>式中の元素記号は、その元素の鋼中含有量(質量%)を表す。
Pb:0.30%以下および
Te:0.30%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種以上を含有する、
ことを特徴とする上記(1)に記載の非調質コネクティングロッド用棒鋼。
以下の説明において、各元素の含有量の「%」表示は「質量%」を意味する。
Cは、鋼の強度を高める作用を有し、0.25%以上含有させることで効果が得られる。しかし、その含有量が0.35%を超えると、強度が高くなりすぎて被削性が低下する。したがって、Cの含有量を0.25~0.35%とした。Cの含有量は0.30%以下とすることが好ましい。
Siは、鋼の脱酸に有効であるとともに固溶強化によって鋼の強度を高める効果を有する。しかし、その含有量が0.40%未満では上記の効果に乏しい。一方、Siを0.70%を超えて含有させても上記の効果は飽和し、コストが嵩むばかりである。しかも、鋼の熱間鍛造性が低下する。したがって、Siの含有量を0.40~0.70%とした。Siの含有量は0.50%以上とすることが好ましい。
Mnは、鋼の脱酸作用を有するとともに、鋼の強度を向上させる作用を有する。これらの効果を得るためには、0.65%を超える量のMnを含有させる必要がある。しかし、Mnの含有量が0.90%を超えると、鋼の熱間鍛造性が低下する。さらに、焼入れ性が高くなりすぎてベイナイト組織を生じ、クラッキング性および被削性の低下をきたす。したがって、Mnの含有量を0.65%を超えて0.90%以下とした。Mnの含有量は0.70%以上とすることが好ましく、また0.85%以下とすることが好ましい。Mnの含有量は、0.80%以下とすることがさらに好ましい。
Pは、結晶粒界に偏析して鋼を脆化させ、コンロッドのクラッキングの際の破面を脆性破面とする作用を有する。この効果を得るには、Pの含有量を0.040%以上とする必要がある。しかし、その含有量が0.070%を超えると、鋼の熱間鍛造性が低下する。したがって、Pの含有量を0.040~0.070%とした。
Sは、本発明にとって重要な元素の一つであり、MnおよびTiとともに硫化物を形成して鋼の被削性を高める作用を有する。この効果を得るには、Sの含有量を0.040%以上とする必要がある。しかし、Sの含有量が0.130%を超えると、鋼の熱間鍛造性が低下する。したがって、Sの含有量を0.040~0.130%とした。優れた被削性を確保するためには、0.070%を超える量のSを含有させることが好ましい。
Crは、強度を高める作用を有する。この効果を十分に得るには、Crの含有量を0.10%以上とする必要がある。しかし、Crの含有量が0.30%を超えると、ベイナイト組織を生じ、クラッキング性および被削性の低下をきたす。したがって、Crの含有量を0.10~0.30%とした。Crの含有量は0.20%以下とすることが好ましい。
Vは、本発明において重要な元素の一つである。すなわち、Vは、フェライト中に炭化物として析出して強度を向上させる作用を有する。この効果を得るには、Vの含有量を0.12%以上とする必要がある。しかし、Vを0.20%を超えて含有させても前記した効果の増大はほとんどなく、コストが極めて大きくなってしまう。したがって、Vの含有量を0.12~0.20%とした。Vの含有量は0.13%以上とすることが好ましく、また0.18%以下とすることが好ましい。
本発明は、Vに加えてTiを含有することを特徴としており、Tiは、本発明において重要な元素の一つである。すなわち、上記のVと同様に、Tiは、フェライト中に炭化物として析出して強度を高め、さらに、Vと複合して含有させることによってフェライトを大幅に強化する作用を有する。このフェライトの強化によって、フェライト・パーライト組織における良好なクラッキング性を確保することができる。さらに、フェライトの強化は疲労亀裂発生の抑制につながるため、疲労強度を高めることもできる。また、Tiには硫化物を形成して被削性を改善するとともに熱間延性を高める作用もある。しかしながら、Tiは、Nと優先的に結合して窒化物(TiN)を形成するので、上記の各作用効果を得るには、窒化物を形成した後に、鋼中に多量のフリーTiが存在していることが必要不可欠となる。このため、Tiを0.150%を超えて含有させる必要がある。しかし、Tiの含有量が0.200%を超えると、却って熱間鍛造性の低下を招く。したがって、Tiの含有量を0.150%を超えて0.200%以下とした。
Alは、鋼の脱酸剤として有効な元素である。本発明の特徴の一つは、上述したようにTiとVを複合して含有させることである。しかしながら、上述のとおり、Tiは、Nと優先的に結合してTiNを形成する。さらに、Tiは、脱酸力が強いため酸化物を形成する。このため、炭化物を形成するTiの割合が相対的に減少して、Vとともにフェライトを強化するのに有効なTiの歩留りが低下して製造コストの上昇を招くことが懸念される。そこで、本発明においては、Alで鋼を脱酸して脱酸の安定化を図ると同時に、炭化物を形成してフェライトの強化に効くTiを確保するために、Alを含有させる。しかしながら、Alの含有量が0.002%未満では所望の効果が得られない。一方、0.100%を超える量のAlを含有させても上記の効果が飽和するのでコストが嵩む。したがって、Alの含有量を0.002~0.100%とした。Alの含有量は0.050%以下とすることが好ましい。
上述したように、本発明の特徴の一つは、TiとVを複合して含有させ、炭化物の析出によってフェライトを大幅に強化することである。TiとVが複合含有された状態では、Nは、優先的にTiと窒化物を形成する。上記炭化物の析出によるフェライトの大幅強化のためには、窒化物を形成した後に、鋼中に多量のフリーTiが存在していることが必要不可欠となる。このため、Nの含有量に上限を設けて0.020%以下とした。Nの含有量は0.012%以下とすることが好ましく、少なければ少ないほどよい。
Ni:0.05~0.30%
Mo:0.01~0.15%
本発明においては、産業界からの一層のコスト低減という要望に応えるために、スクラップを原料として使用することを前提としている。スクラップには、不純物としてCu、NiおよびMoが含有される。不純物としてのCu、NiおよびMoの含有量が多い場合には、コンロッド形状に加工する際の熱間鍛造性が低下するとともにボルト穴加工などの際の被削性が低下する。このため、Cu、NiおよびMoの含有量に上限を設けて、それぞれの含有量を、0.40%以下、0.30%以下および0.15%以下とした。一方、Cu、NiおよびMoの各含有量の下限を厳しく管理することは、高価なスクラップを使う必要が生じ、却って製造コストの上昇を招く。したがって、Cu、NiおよびMoの含有量に下限を設けて、それぞれの含有量を、0.05%以上、0.05%以上および0.01%以上とした。
本発明の棒鋼は、個々の元素の含有量が前記の範囲にあって、しかも、下記の<1>式で表されるFn1が0.60~0.80を満たす必要がある。
Fn1=C+(Si/10)+(Mn/5)+(5Cr/22)+1.65V-(5S/7)+(Cu/33)+(Ni/20)+(Mo/10)・・・<1>。
0.040~0.130%のSを含有させて被削性を高める本発明において、Sの含有量が多くなるほど熱間延性が低下する。さらに、原料として用いるスクラップ中には、Cu、NiおよびMoが含まれ、これらの元素による熱間延性の低下が生じる。このため、個々の元素の含有量および上記のFn1が所定の範囲を満たすだけでは、Sの含有による熱間延性の低下と、Cu、NiおよびMoによる熱間延性の低下とが重畳して、良好な熱間鍛造性が確保できないことがある。したがって、本発明の棒鋼は、さらに下記の<2>式で表わされるFn2が7以上を満たす必要がある。この条件を満たすことで、Sによる被削性改善効果を確保したうえで良好な熱間鍛造性が得られるので、容易に所定のコンロッド形状に加工することができる。
Fn2=(Mn+Ti)/S・・・<2>。
Pbは、鋼の被削性を高める作用を有するので、この効果を得るためにPbを含有してもよい。しかしながら、Pbの含有量が0.30%を超えると、熱間鍛造性の低下を招く。したがって、Pbを含有させる場合には、その含有量を0.30%以下とした。
Teは、鋼の被削性を高める作用を有するので、この効果を得るためにTeを含有してもよい。しかしながら、Teの含有量が0.30%を超えると、熱間鍛造性の低下を招く。したがって、Teを含有させる場合には、その含有量を0.30%以下とした。Teの含有量は0.10%以下とすることが望ましい。
本発明の棒鋼においては、組織の90%以上がフェライト・パーライト組織で、かつ該フェライト・パーライト組織におけるフェライトの割合が40%以上でなければならない。これは、コンロッドを熱間鍛造する際の素材となる棒鋼の所定長さへの切断を行いやすくし、鋸刃、切断砥石またはシャーなどの切断工具の寿命を延長するためである。
ドリル:P20超硬の直径8mmのストレートシャンクドリル、
回転数:1200rpm、
送り:0.15mm/rev、
潤滑:水溶性潤滑剤。
2:ロッド、
3:キャップ、
4:ボルト、
5:大端部、
6:桿部
7:大端部の穴
8:小端部
9:ボルト穴
Claims (2)
- 非調質コネクティングロッド用棒鋼であって、
質量%で、
C:0.25~0.35%、
Si:0.40~0.70%、
Mn:0.65%を超えて0.90%以下、
P:0.040~0.070%、
S:0.040~0.130%、
Cr:0.10~0.30%、
Cu:0.05~0.40%、
Ni:0.05~0.30%、
Mo:0.01~0.15%、
V:0.12~0.20%、
Ti:0.150%を超えて0.200%以下、
Al:0.002~0.100%および
N:0.020%以下を含み、
残部はFeおよび不純物からなり、
下記<1>式で表わされるFn1が0.60~0.80および下記<2>式で表わされるFn2が7以上を満たす化学組成であり、
組織の90%以上がフェライト・パーライト組織で、かつ該フェライト・パーライト組織におけるフェライトの割合が40%以上である、
ことを特徴とする非調質コネクティングロッド用棒鋼。
Fn1=C+(Si/10)+(Mn/5)+(5Cr/22)+1.65V-(5S/7)+(Cu/33)+(Ni/20)+(Mo/10)・・・<1>
Fn2=(Mn+Ti)/S・・・<2>
ここで、<1>式および<2>式中の元素記号は、その元素の鋼中含有量(質量%)を表す。 - 化学組成が、Feの一部に代えて、質量%で、
Pb:0.30%以下および
Te:0.30%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種以上を含有する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非調質コネクティングロッド用棒鋼。
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KR20170068576A (ko) * | 2014-10-17 | 2017-06-19 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | 크랙킹 커넥팅 로드용 압연 강재 |
JPWO2016059664A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-17 | 2017-08-17 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | クラッキングコンロッド用圧延鋼材 |
KR101955839B1 (ko) * | 2014-10-17 | 2019-03-07 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | 크랙킹 커넥팅 로드용 압연 강재 |
WO2016059664A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-21 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | クラッキングコンロッド用圧延鋼材 |
WO2017159738A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 非調質棒鋼 |
JPWO2017159738A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-16 | 2018-12-13 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 非調質棒鋼 |
CN110184527A (zh) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | 一种用于制作发动机摇臂的高强度级别非调质钢棒材及其制造方法 |
KR102178711B1 (ko) * | 2019-07-03 | 2020-11-13 | 주식회사 포스코 | 강도 및 충격인성이 우수한 비조질 선재 및 그 제조방법 |
CN112195394A (zh) * | 2020-09-01 | 2021-01-08 | 陕钢集团产业创新研究院有限公司 | 一种屈强比≤0.8的mg600级锚杆钢及其生产方法 |
CN112195394B (zh) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-02-18 | 陕钢集团产业创新研究院有限公司 | 一种屈强比≤0.8的mg600级锚杆钢及其生产方法 |
CN113621882A (zh) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-09 | 宝武杰富意特殊钢有限公司 | 一种中碳非调质钢及其制备方法 |
CN113621882B (zh) * | 2021-08-12 | 2022-07-01 | 宝武杰富意特殊钢有限公司 | 一种中碳非调质钢及其制备方法 |
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BR112013030244B1 (pt) | 2021-06-15 |
BR112013030244A2 (pt) | 2016-12-06 |
JP5858996B2 (ja) | 2016-02-10 |
JPWO2012164710A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
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