WO2012164327A1

WO2012164327A1 - Electro-chemical transformer heat in electricity

Info

Publication number: WO2012164327A1
Application number: PCT/IB2011/001182
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dmytro OLIYNYK
Original assignee: BILOZARESKIY, Sergiy
Priority date: 2011-05-31
Filing date: 2011-05-31
Publication date: 2012-12-06

Abstract

The invention is refered to electro-chemical sources of energy. The essence of the invention: the electro-chemical source of energy contains an airtight frame with a vacuum, in which there is an electrolyte in the form of water solution of hydroxide of alkalial metal and two electrodes, which are put into an electrolyte, characteristic feature of which is that one of the electrode, is made of conductive and chemically inert to the electrolyte material and the second electrode is made of material with features of a ventil metal. Electrical energy is produced in direct way due to the hydrogen oxidize. The hydrogen is received through the decomposing of water with the potassium has been borrowed from Biology. The technical affect is in prolonged term of working of electro-chemical source of energy.

Description

Description \

The name of the invention: Electro-chemical transformer heat in electricity.

Technical field:

The invention is refered to electro - chemical sources of energy and can be used to produce electrical energy with any loading on its active component (constitutive part).

Previous level of technics:

The electro-chemical ways of energy production are known, in which two heterogeneous electrodes (the cathode, which contains the oxidizer and the anode, which contains the reductinizer) are put into the electrolyte. Meanwhile the diversity of potentials is set between the electrodes - electrical moving force, corresponding to free energy of oxidizing - reducing reaction. The action of the chemical sources of current is based on the leaking within closed external chain of spatial separated processes: on the cathode the reducer is oxidized, free electrons, which are produced to move to the anode, producing discharging current, through the external chain to the anode, where they are participated in reaction of the oxidizer's reduction.

In accordance with the repeated usage, the chemical sources of energy are divided into:

- the galvanic elements, which are impossible to recharge because of the irreversion of the reactions, which flow inside of them;

- the electrical accumulators - the recharged galvanic elements, which can be recharged with the help of external source of energy.(the charging device);

- fuel elements (electro-chemical generators) - the devices like to galvanic element, but differ in the thing, that the substances for the electrochemical reaction are delivered into it from outside and the products of the reaction are removed from it; and this gives it the opportunity to function continuously. The main disadvantage of the galvanic elements is restricted term of work. The main disadvantage of electrical accumulators and fuel element is the necessity of the implementation of the specific actions for realizing of their work: the charge for the accumulators and constant serve of the electrolyte to the fuel elements.

The essence of the invention

The basis for the beginning of work with this invention was the information, received as a result of usage of the nickel-cadmium accumulators of the NK G-1.5-U1.1 type, which are produced in Russia after TU 16-563-025-85.

In documents on these accumulators is mentioned, that in discharge state voltage at the output of the accumulator must be not less than 1 Volt. If we circuit the outputs of the accumulator for a long time (for example for a week), than after cancellation of short circuit, this 1 Volt will rise again. This experiment was practiced again and the result was always the same: 1 Volt is roused each time.

Taking into account these experiments one can make a conclusion: deeply (fully) discharged nickel-cadmium accumulator can generate electric energy due to the warmth of environment. The positive electrode of the accumulator consists of the hydrooxidize of nickel Ni(OH)₂, covered with the grid, made from special accumulator steel, which does not react with the alkaline electrolyte. If we remove the hydroxide of nickel and leave only the grid, the voltage of 0.6 Volt will be produced anyway. If we replace the steel grid with the graphite, the voltage will rise on 0.2 Volt. If we heat such source of energy up to 80 C, the current of the short circuit will rise in tenfold times. If instead of electrolyte we take the distilled water, we practically will get no current.

Taking into consideration these experiment, one can say the following: the reason of the production of voltage is the contact between the ions of potassium and the inert current conductible material, for example steel grid or graphite. In scientific-technical literature the work of nickel - cadmium accumulators is described not fully: there are no formulas, in which potassium and natrium take part.

There is the reason to think that the charge of the accumulator start with the thing, that the ion of potassium pulls out from the metal grid free electron and joins it to itself:

K⁺ + e^~ = K (1)

Revolted potassium reacts with water and decompose it into atomic hydrogen and hydro oxide

K + H₂0 = KOH + H (2)

The atomic hydrogen, received in the formula 2 is absorbed by oxide- hydrooxyde of nickel:

NiOOH + H = Ni(OH)₂ . (3)

HiOOH corresponds to the charged state of an accumulator, and Ni(OH)₂ - the discharged one.

The molecule, which has arisen again KOH is destroyed by the power of dissociation into ions.

KOH→K ⁺+OrT+4,7eV, - (4) where 4.7eV is energy, which the solution spends for destroying the molecule KOH. On this value will rise the energy of ions K⁺ and OH^"

The dissociation process is always endothermic. During the time of dissociation thermal energy of environment is transformed into the energy of static electrical field. Dissociation is a natural power, due to which the given source of energy is worked.

The ion of potassium K⁺ pulls out from the metal, the next electron and the ion of hydroxide OH^~ performs oxidation of cadmium electrode.

After all the oxide-hydroxide of nickel will turn into hydroxide of nickel, the positive electrode stops absorbing atomic hydrogen. Such state corresponds to a deeply discharged accumulator. As the atomic hydrogen continuous to form it goes up the cadmium electrode and regenerates cadmium according to the following reaction.

Cd(0H)₂ + 2H = Cd + 2H₂0 (5)

Thus, electro-chemical system is formed in natural way, in which on the positive electrode water decomposes on the atomic hydrogen and the ion of hydroxide and on the negative one - these reagents again turns into water. Such process can lasts unrestrictedly long, as all these reactions are reversible. The oxide-hydroxide of nickel in this process takes no participation and it can be deleted. The metal grid should be replaced with graphite, as the voltage rises on 0.2 Volt. The cadmium powder must be replaced with a monolithic thin cadmium bend, as the grains of powder during oxidizing lose electrical contact with each other. Such construction is the subject of this invention.

By the way, the decomposition of water with potassium takes place in nature. All the hydrogen, from which a plant builds its body, is achieved through decomposition of water with potassium.

The result of given invention had became the creation of electrochemical source of energy - the galvanic element - with unlimited term work.

The given result is achieved due to the thing, that in electro-chemical source of energy, comprising its body, which has the, hollow is placed in electrolyte of water solution of a hydroxide of alkaline metal and two electrodes, put into electrolyte, in accordance with the invention, the following peculiarities are introduced:

- one of the electrodes is made of chemically inert concerning to electrolyte, current conductible material.

- the second electrode is made from material with properties of ventil metal. The connection of the reason and the consequence between totality of sings of the stated way and the technical result, which was achieved due to natural forces: water, under the presence of the alkaline metal is decomposed into the hydrogen and ions of the hydrooxidal group and these products of decay are used as fuel for energy production in direct way. The solution of hydroxide of the alkaline metal in water has high capability of wetting the both electrodes and covers their surfaces with a thin film.

The solution of the hydroxide of the alkaline metal in water contains the ions of the alkaline metal Me ⁺ and OH^" . The positive ions of the alkaline metal pull out from chemically inert current conductible material the most energetic free electrons and join them. As a result, the alkaline metal regenerates and reacts with water. The result of reaction is the hydroxide of the alkaline metal and free hydrogen. Hydrogen goes out into the gas area around the electrode from the ventil metal, and MeOH is destroyed by the forces of dissociation on the ions Me⁺ and OH^". The positive ion Me⁺ of the alkaline metal extracts from the chemically inert electrode the next electron and destroys the next molecule of water.

Hydroxyl OH^" oxidizes the surface of the ventil metal and forms oxide MeO. This oxide has no free electrons and this does not let the electrons of ventil metal withdraw into electrolyte and join to Me⁺ions. During oxidizing of ventil metal free electrons are generated and then are drifted into its conduction band. In gas space around the electrode of ventil metal is hydrogen, which is a good regenerator. Hydrogen is accepted from MeO oxygen and as a result water and ventil metal is produced. Regeneration of ventil metal is equivalently to process of charging of this chemical source of current from the external source of electrical energy. The role of this source fulfills free hydrogen. If we turn on to the electrodes from outside of the frame electrical load free electrons from the electrode of ventil metal are returned into the chemically inert electrode through electrical load.

Advantages

Unlimited term of work is guaranteed by such natural phenomenon: the power of dissociation, which «destroys» the molecule into ions under the temperature which is higher than the temperature of freezing of electrolyte; the great energy of free electrons in the chemically inert current conductible material which allows them to overcome the output work; the high chemical activity of the alkaline metal, which destroys water and possess properties of ventil metal.

As the chemically inert current conductible material is used carbon material , which is chosen from the group ,which contains coal, graphite and pressed soot or a metal which is chosen from the group which contains nickel, zirconium, molybdenum, food stainless steel. The material with properties of ventil metal is cadmium and a hydroxide of alkaline metal is chosen from the group, which contains hydroxide of potassium and natrium.

Better regime

Concrete variant of realization of the source is showed on Fig.1. The source contains a hermetic frame 1, an electrode from a graphite tissue 2, two cadmium electrodes 3 and 4, a separator, made from a polyamide grid 5 and 6, an electrolyte 7, outputs of cadmium electrodes 9 and 10, an output of a graphite electrode 1 1. Cadmium electrodes are made in the form of a thin bend which is turned into a spiral. On the edges of the bend there are portuberances 8, which provide spacing between the coils of the spiral. The cadmium outputs 9 and 10 are welded to the edges of the spiral. The elements are showed on the Fig.1. with a touch line are not included to the construction of the source, but they are needed to explain its work.

Under such construction the graphite electrode works with the cadmium electrode by turns: while the electrode 2 is oxidized, the electrode 3 is regenerated. An electronical accumulator K, which is supplied from the same source, switches over the electrodes. The period of switching over is chosen in such way, that there was no extra oxidizing of cadmium.

The processes of oxidizing and regeneration are scattered in time and space and do not hind each other. Due to this the power of the source rose in about 3 times. The degree of oxidizing of the electrode can be marked in accordance with its color, watching it through a transparent frame. This variant of source has the volume 60cm³. It supplies the blocking- generator, which supplies light-emitting diode. Impulsive current through the source is equal to 50 mA, the voltage on the light-emitting diode is equal to 2 Volts, on-off time ratio is equal 10. The source has such parameters under the temperature of 20 C. Under rising of the temperature up to 30 C current rises from 2 to 3 times.

Thus the electro-chemical source of energy (galvanic element) with a long term of work, the action of which is based on reversible electrochemical processes, has been created.

Parameter Testing of Electric Power Chemical Supply Source (EPCSS),

Sample No. 126.

Measurement of parameters of the Electric Power Chemical Supply

Source (EPCSS), Sample No. 126, has been performed in compliance with the Technical Requirements set by D.K. Oliynyk.

The electric parameters of the Electric Power Chemical Supply Source (EPCSS) have been measured in two modes:

- Measurement of direct voltage and current values on electrodes Ns 1 , 2 and 3 under the continuous load of R_d = 200 Ohm, which is performed pursuant to the diagrams, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. The testing tools and instruments used for the measurement and their metrological performance figures are shown in Table 1. The test results are shown in Table 2.

- Measurement of direct voltage and current values on electrodes N2 2 and 3 under variable load of R_vl = (20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 500 and 1000) Ohm pursuant to the diagrams, as shown in Fig. 4. The test results are shown in Table 3.

Claims

Claim 1

An electro-chemical source of energy contains a hermetic frame with a hollow, which contains an electrolyte in the form of water solution of hydroxide of alkaline metal and two electrodes putting into the electrolyte. It is characterised by the thing, that one of the electrodes is made from a current conductible and chemically inert to electrolyte ^"material, and the second electrode is made from material, oxide of which has the peculiarities of a p-type semiconductor (ventil metal).

Claim 2

An electro-chemical source of energy, in accordance with the claim 1 , is characterised in that, that it has one electrode, made from graphite material and two cadmium electrodes, made of a thin bend, turned into a spiral, the coils of which are separated with dot ledges and cadmium electrodes are placed from two parties from a graphite one and are separated from it with a separator made a polyamidium grid, the lower part of which is put into a water solution of potassium hydroxide.