WO2012164260A1 - Système de sécurité, dispositif de commande de système de sécurité, câble de transduction pour un système de sécurité et procédé de détection d'une perturbation et de détermination de la position de la perturbation - Google Patents

Système de sécurité, dispositif de commande de système de sécurité, câble de transduction pour un système de sécurité et procédé de détection d'une perturbation et de détermination de la position de la perturbation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012164260A1
WO2012164260A1 PCT/GB2012/051173 GB2012051173W WO2012164260A1 WO 2012164260 A1 WO2012164260 A1 WO 2012164260A1 GB 2012051173 W GB2012051173 W GB 2012051173W WO 2012164260 A1 WO2012164260 A1 WO 2012164260A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
transducing
time delay
signal
location
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2012/051173
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ian Macalindin
Colin BATHE
Original Assignee
Detection Technologies Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Detection Technologies Ltd filed Critical Detection Technologies Ltd
Priority to EP12726475.2A priority Critical patent/EP2673755B1/fr
Publication of WO2012164260A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012164260A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2491—Intrusion detection systems, i.e. where the body of an intruder causes the interference with the electromagnetic field
    • G08B13/2497—Intrusion detection systems, i.e. where the body of an intruder causes the interference with the electromagnetic field using transmission lines, e.g. cable
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02—Mechanical actuation
    • G08B13/12—Mechanical actuation by the breaking or disturbance of stretched cords or wires
    • G08B13/122—Mechanical actuation by the breaking or disturbance of stretched cords or wires for a perimeter fence

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to security systems and their components, in particular the field of electronic perimeter security, where intrusion activity is detected by means of a vibration-sensitive sensor deployed along the perimeter of a site.
  • a perimeter intrusion detection system suitable for a high security application such as a prison will be designed with relatively short zone lengths (40 - 60 metres typically) primarily because such systems are used in conjunction with closed circuit television cameras to investigate and verify the cause of alarms generated by the detection system.
  • each detection zone would be viewed by one (or more) camera(s).
  • the cameras and lenses In UK prison applications, the cameras and lenses must be designed to ensure that a mansized target appearing anywhere within the field of view of the camera is clearly identifiable on a monitor screen. This requirement restricts the distance the camera can cover and hence the length of the detection zone. Conversely, on lower security sites where financial considerations are paramount, the perimeter zones tend to be longer as this means that the total number of zones is reduced and hence the system cost is also reduced.
  • systems that rely on electronic analysis on a zone by zone basis may incur significant installation costs resulting from the need to provide power and an alarm communication network to route alarm information from the perimeter of the site to security staff working within a site control room.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a typical schematic layout of a conventional perimeter intrusion detection system. As can be seen from the diagram, the protected perimeter 1 is physically split into a number of discrete zones 6. Each of the zones 6 requires an electronic analyser 2 to determine whether the signals detected by the zone sensors is of hostile or benign origin. In a typical arrangement, each electronic analyser 2 may monitor a zone on either side of the analyser. Adjacent zones 6 not sharing an electronic analyser 2 may be separated by a zone termination 3.
  • Each analyser 2 provides an alarm signal, often by means of a simple relay contact that opens when an alarm is detected. It is the provision of this signal on a zone-by- zone basis that indicates to the operator which part of the perimeter is under attack by an intruder. However, it is therefore required that each analyser 2 be connected to the control room 4 by a signal line 5. Furthermore, a power line must also be provided to each analyser 2.
  • zone length may be in the order of a few hundred metres
  • identification of the exact point of intrusion is not possible given that only one alarm signal per zone is provided.
  • duplication of analyser electronics for every zone clearly adds to the cost of the system. Reducing the zone length to increase the accuracy of identification of the point of intrusion results in significant cost increases due to the requirement to provide further electronic analysers 2.
  • the use of a plurality of analysers results in a reduction in reliability of the system because the use of many electronic components increases the likelihood of a failure.
  • a security system for detecting a disturbance and determining the location of the disturbance along a boundary, the security system comprising:
  • a section of transducing cable arranged along said boundary and configured such that a disturbance at one location on the boundary generates a signal at a corresponding location in the transducing cable that propagates from said location along the transducing cable towards first and second ends of said section of transducing cable;
  • a controller configured to receive the signal from said first and second ends of the section of transducing cable and to determine the location in the transducing cable at which the signal was generated based on any difference in the time at which the controller receives the signal from said first and second ends;
  • section of transducing cable is divided into a plurality of portions
  • each portion of transducing cable is separated from an adjacent portion by a time delay unit, configured to delay the transmission of said signal between the portions by a predetermined time delay.
  • a controller for a security system comprising:
  • first and second inputs for receiving signals from first and second ends, respectively, of a section of transducing cable that is configured such that, in response to a disturbance at one location along the transducing cable, it generates at said location a signal that propagates from said location along the transducing cable towards said first and second ends, the section of transducing cable being divided into a plurality of portions, each of which is separated from an adjacent portion by a time delay unit, configured to delay the transmission of said signal between the portions by a predetermined time delay;
  • a processor configured to determine from the signals received at said first and second inputs the location in the transducing cable at which the signal was generated based on any time difference in the time at which the signals are received at the first and second inputs.
  • the section of transducing cable being divided into a plurality of portions, each of which is separated from an adjacent portion by a time delay unit, configured to delay the transmission of said signal between the portions by a predetermined time delay;
  • An advantage of the invention discussed above is that a single controller may be used to identify the location of a disturbance at any part along a boundary. Accordingly, only a single analyser system may be required to discriminate between genuine disturbances, such as an intrusion at the boundary, and non-hostile activity, such as wind and rain. This may reduce the cost of the system.
  • such a system may not require power to be supplied to a plurality of analysers distributed around the boundary and/or may not require a plurality of separate alarm signalling cables to be provided from the plurality of analysers back to the control room. This may reduce the cost of the overall system. Furthermore, this may increase the resilience of the system, namely by reducing the likelihood of a fault within the system.
  • a system of present invention may be specifically configured to detect and locate an appropriate disturbance, depending on the use to which the security system is put.
  • the system may be configured to detect and locate a localised vibration of the transducing cable.
  • a vibration may be caused, for example, by an intruder directly interacting with the transducing cable and/or by an intruder making contact with the structure along the boundary, such as a fence or wall, to which the transducing cable is attached. In that case, the vibration may pass through the structure to the transducing cable, resulting in the detection and location of the disturbance.
  • the transducing cable is divided into a plurality of portions, each separated from an adjacent portion by a time delay unit that delays transmission of signals between the portions by a predetermined time delay.
  • each of the time delay units may delay the transmission of these signals by the same amount.
  • the signals may propagate along the transducing cable at a significant proportion of the speed of light. Therefore, the difference in the time at which the signals reach the first and second ends of the second of transducing cable caused by the difference in lengths of transducing cable along which these signals have propagated may be very small. This may require a very sensitive controller to measure the time difference and therefore determine the location of the disturbance. Therefore, the controller for a system without time delay units may be relatively expensive.
  • time delay units are provided and introduce time delays that are
  • the controller may identify in which of the plurality of portions of the transducing cable the disturbance occurred. A controller configured to do so would not need to be as sensitive due to the significantly greater size of the time delays. Accordingly, the controller may be significantly cheaper, offsetting any increase in cost by the provision of the time delay units.
  • the time delay units may be formed from passive components, such as inductors and capacitors. This may have the advantage that no power needs to be provided to the time delay units, which may be distributed along the boundary. Furthermore, such time delay units may be relatively cheap.
  • the controller may comprise a correlator used to assess the time difference between the two signals received.
  • the correlator may be configured such that it provides a maximum output value when provided with two identical signals, theoretically, or, in practice, with two similar signals with little or no time difference between them.
  • the controller may then use the correlator to perform a correlation of the received signals for a plurality of different time delays introduced to one of the signals. It will be appreciated that the introduced time delay corresponding to the correlation having the largest output value corresponds to the time different between the two signals.
  • the controller may compare the time delay determined using the correlator to multiples of the time delays introduced by each time delay unit to determine the difference in the number of time delay units that the signals received at the first and second ends of the transducing cable have passed through. From this, the controller may determine the portion of the transducing cable in which the disturbance occurred.
  • the comparison of the time delay between the signals determined by the correlator and the multiples of the time delays introduced by the time delay units may be performed in a number of ways.
  • the controller may include a processor that simply divides the time delay between the two signals by the time delays introduced by the time delay units and identifies the closest integer.
  • the controller may use a look-up table to directly identify the portion of the transducing cable in which the disturbance occurred based on the time delay between the signals determined by the correlator. Other arrangements may also be used.
  • the signals received from the ends of the section of transducing cable may be amplified and/or high-passed filtered.
  • High-pass filtering the signals may remove relatively low frequency components of the signals but pass relatively high frequency components of the signals to the correlator. This may be advantageous because it may remove interference signals that may be common to both, such as interference from power supplies, in particular AC power supply lines, for example.
  • the output of the correlator may be low- pass filtered, removing relatively high frequency components from the output but passing relatively low frequency components. This may assist in removing spurious peak values before the controller determines the peak correlation having the largest value. This may improve the accuracy of determining the time difference between the two signals.
  • a transducing cable for use in a security system as discussed above, comprising a plurality of portions of transducing cable, each configured to convert a localised vibration of the transducing cable to an electrical signal and to propagate said signals along the transducing cable;
  • time delay units each used to separate a portion of the transducing cable from an adjacent portion, and configured to delay the transmission of said signals between the adjacent portions by a predetermined time delay.
  • Figure 1 depicts an arrangement of a previously known security system
  • Figure 2 depicts the arrangement of a security system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 depicts, in cross-section, a transducing cable that may be used in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 depicts a further embodiment of the present
  • Figure 5 depicts a time delay unit that may be used in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 depicts the functional components of a controller according to an
  • a security system of 10 of the present invention may include a section of transducing cable 11 that may, for example, be arranged around the boundary of an area 12 to be secured.
  • First and second ends 1 la,l lb of the section of tranducing cable 11 may be connected to a controller 13.
  • the transducing cable 11 is configured such that a disturbance at the boundary, for example corresponding to an individual attempting to breach the perimeter, results in the localised generation of a signal that propagates in both directions along the section of transducing cable 11, namely towards both the first and second end 1 la, 1 lb of the transducing cable 11. Accordingly, the controller 13 receives two signals, one from each end l la,l lb of the transducing cable 11. The controller 13 is configured to determine the time difference between the receipt of the two signals. The time difference between the receipt of the two signals corresponds to the difference in the length of the transducing cable 11 that the signals have propagated along in order to reach the respective ends 1 la, 1 lb. Accordingly, the controller 13 may determine the location of the disturbance along the transducing cable 11 based on this time difference.
  • the transducer cable 11 used in the present invention may be based on a linear format electrical induction transducer cable described in British Patent GB 2,175,771A.
  • Figure 3 depicts a cross-section of such a cable.
  • the transducing cable comprises a pair of copper conductors 21,22 (or conductors of other materials) which are free to vibrate within a static magnetic field produced by a pair of flexible ceramic magnetic profiles 23.
  • a central stress member 24 may also be provided to minimise the effects of expansion of the thermoplastic elements of the cable relative to the metallic elements as a result of temperature effects.
  • An outer sheath 25 may be included, providing weather protection.
  • RF shielding may be provided by a metallic tape wrap 26, which may be formed from aluminium foil, for example.
  • the transducing cable 11 may, for example, be produced in continuous lengths of up to 1500 metres.
  • the transducer cable 11 may be deployed by mechanically fixing it to the structure of a perimeter fence or wall such that the cable vibrates in response to vibrations transmitted through the structure of the fence or wall.
  • the core of the cable largely comprising the flexible magnetic profiles 23, is effectively attached to a vibrating surface, it too vibrates with the same frequency and amplitude
  • the transducer cable 11 may be deployed such that an intruder directly interacts with the cable, causing it to vibrate.
  • the pair of copper wires 21,22 within the core of the sensor are free to move, not being tightly constrained within the core. Accordingly, mechanical inertia dictates that these wires 21,22 will lag behind any movement of the core caused by vibration impinging on the cable core. This lag results in displacement of the copper wires 21,22 relative to the cable core and, since the displacement of the wires within the core occurs within the static magnetic field generated by the ceramic magnet profiles 23, a current is induced within the wires themselves.
  • electrical connections are provided such that, at one end of the cable, the wires 21,22 are connected together, while at the other end of the cable, the wires are terminated with a resistor.
  • a current loop is therefore created with induced currents passing around the loop and appearing as a voltage across the terminating resistor.
  • a disadvantage of the previously-known use of the transducing cable 11 discussed above, in which the wires 21,22 are connected together at one end is that any current induced as a result of intrusion activity will be the same at every point along the length of the cable. This prevents identification of the source of such a signal on a long length of the cable.
  • an arrangement such as that depicted in Figure 2 may be used, in which at both ends of the transducing cable 11 , both conductors 21,22 are connected to the controller 13, which is configured to detect the signals reaching the respective ends 1 la, 1 lb of the transducing cable 11 resulting from a disturbance at one location along the cable 11.
  • transducing cable 11 may be used that generate locally a signal as a result of a disturbance and are configured such that the signal propagates along the transducing cable such that a controller may determine the location of the disturbance from a time difference between the receipt of the signal from the two ends of the transducing cable 11.
  • a transducing cable 11 as discussed above may offer a number of significant advantages over other transducing cables, such as microphonic cable sensors.
  • An important advantage is that the cable offers a very low source impedance which therefore results in a high signal to noise ratio. The system is therefore capable of detecting low level disturbances without these signals being lost in the inherent (Johnson) noise that may be present at a much higher level in high impedance sensor devices.
  • a controller for such an arrangement may need to be very sensitive, namely capable of detecting very short time differences between the receipt of the signals at the two ends.
  • the controller may use very high speed analogue to digital converters in order to provide the required time sensitivity. It should be appreciated, therefore, that such a controller 13 may be relatively expensive.
  • FIG. 4 An alternative embodiment of the present invention may enable the use of a less sensitive and therefore less complex and less costly controller.
  • the security system 10 of this embodiment is formed from a plurality of portions 31 of transducing cable 1 1, each separated by a time delay unit 32. As before, the ends 1 la, 1 lb of the transducing cable 11 are connected to a controller 33.
  • FIG. 5 schematically depicts an arrangement of a time delay unit 32 that may connect the wires 21,22 of adjacent portions 31 of the transducing cable 11.
  • a time delay unit 32 may be formed from passive components, such as inductors LI, L2 and capacitors CI, C2. Therefore, the additional cost of the components used to form the time delay units 32 may be significantly less than the cost saving by providing a simplified controller 33.
  • the portions 31 of transducing cable 11 may be the same length. Alternatively, the portions 31 of transducing cable 11 may have different lengths. Accordingly, the portions 31 of transducing cable 11 may be connected to the time delay units 32 within a factory, for example if the time delay units 32 are to be provided at regular intervals. Alternatively, the time delay units 32 may be connected to the portions 31 of transducing cable 11 during installation of the security system 10 at a site at which it is to be used. In such an arrangement, the portions 31 of transducing cable may be cut to a length that is desirable for each zone of the security system 10.
  • the time delay units 32 may, for example, introduce a ⁇ delay per unit and are matched to the characteristic impedance of the transducing cable 11 (ca. 140 ohms) in order to minimise spurious reflections caused as the signals pass along the transducing cable 11.
  • a time delay unit such as that depicted in Figure 5 may be formed using inductors of approximately 1.15mH and capacitors of approximately 68nF.
  • all of the time delay units 32 may be configured to introduce substantially the same time delay. This may simplify the arrangement of the controller 33.
  • a disturbance such as an intrusion, may result in the generation of a signal within one portion 31 of the transducing cable 11.
  • the signals produced propagate along the cable to either end 1 la, 1 lb, however time delay units 32 inserted in series with the cable 11 cause these signals to be delayed.
  • time delay units 32 are distributed along the cable such that the time delay between the signal being produced and it reaching either end of the cable is governed by the number of time delay units 32 between the point of origin of the signal and each end 1 la, 1 lb of the cable.
  • time delays introduced by the time delay units 32 may be significantly longer than the time that it would take for the signals to propagate along the transducing cable 11 if there were no time delay units 32. Accordingly, the variation in time taken for the signal to propagate from its point of origin to one end of the transducing cable 11 is not significantly affected by the length of any of the portions 31 of the transducing cable but substantially determined by the number of time delay units 32 between the point of origin of the signal and the end 1 la, 1 lb of the cable.
  • the transducing cable 11 for use in the security system 10 of the invention may be selected such that is capable of generating frequencies within the 1kHz - 10kHz band and it is only signals within this band that are analysed for the purposes of deriving position location information.
  • Figure 6 depicts the functional arrangement of a controller 33 that may be used in an arrangement of the present invention.
  • the signals reaching the two ends 1 la, 1 lb of the cable may be amplified by respective amplifiers 41,42 before being converted into the digital domain by analogue to digital convertors 43,44.
  • the resultant digital signals are passed through high-pass filters 45,46 to remove low frequency noise which may include spurious signals such as power line interference which would otherwise degrade the accuracy of location of the point of disturbance, such as an intrusion.
  • the filters 45,46 may remove or attenuate signals below 1kHz.
  • the two signals are then correlated with each other by a correlator 50.
  • the design of the correlator 50 may be such that the maximum output will be achieved when there is effectively no time difference between the two input signals, namely when it receives two identical signals. It should be appreciated that the correlator 50 may be configured in the opposite sense, namely that it provides a minimum output when it receives two identical signals. However, this is generally considered to be less convenient.
  • the different paths of the signals between the point of origin of a signal, namely the location of a disturbance, and the two ends 1 la, 1 lb of the transducing cable 11 may result in time differences between the two signals.
  • delays will have been introduced by the time delay units.
  • the correlator may therefore be configured to successively add time delays into the leading signal until the effective time difference is minimised resulting in maximum output from the correlator (or minimum).
  • the controller may determine the point at which the signal was introduced into the chain of time delay units 32. For example, the controller 33 may divide the value of the time delay introduced by the correlator 50 by the value of the time delays introduced by each of the time delay units 32 in order to determine the difference in the number of time delay units 32 through which each of the signals received at the two ends 1 la, 1 lb of the transducing cable 11 have passed. From this, the controller 33 may determine in which portion 31 of the transducing cable 11 the disturbance occurred, which may correspond to a zone of the security system 10.
  • the controller 33 may include a look-up table that equates a range of time delays introduced by the correlator 50 to a particular portion 31 of the transducing cable 11 or a particular zone within the security system 10.
  • the correlator 50 output may also be subjected to a low-pass finite impulse response filter 51 which is designed to remove spurious peaks which can result from any electrical interference beyond the 1kHz - 10kHz band which may have been induced within the transducing cable. Since the correlation process involves, at high speed, introduction of a wide range of delay values, the correlator 50 output during the correlation process may comprise a series of peaks.
  • a peak detector 52 is therefore used to identify the largest peak which will correspond to the point at which the time delay introduced by the correlator 50 equals the time delay between the two signals received at the two ends 1 la, 1 lb of the transducing cable 11, namely the difference in time delays introduced by the time delay units 32. From this, as discussed above, a processor 53 in the controller 33 may determine the portion 31 of the transducing cable 11 in which the disturbance occurred.
  • the controller 33 may further include a signal generator 61, digital to analogue convertors 62, 63 and amplifiers 64, 65, which may be used to generate test signals that may be transmitted along the transducing cable 11 to detect the position of any breaks or short-circuits within the transducing cable or connections to the delay elements.
  • a signal generator 61 digital to analogue convertors 62, 63 and amplifiers 64, 65, which may be used to generate test signals that may be transmitted along the transducing cable 11 to detect the position of any breaks or short-circuits within the transducing cable or connections to the delay elements.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de sécurité destiné à détecter une perturbation et à déterminer la position de la perturbation le long d'une démarcation, le système de sécurité comprenant une section de câble de transduction disposée le long de ladite démarcation et configurée de manière à ce qu'une perturbation en un point de la démarcation produise un signal à un endroit correspondant du câble de transduction, qui se propage le long du câble de transduction à partir dudit endroit vers une première et une seconde extrémité de ladite section de câble de transduction ; et un dispositif de commande configuré pour recevoir le signal desdites première et seconde extrémités de la section de câble de transduction et pour déterminer la position sur le câble de transduction où le signal a été généré à l'aide de la différence éventuelle de l'instant de réception du signal par le dispositif de commande en provenance desdites première et seconde extrémités.
PCT/GB2012/051173 2011-06-01 2012-05-24 Système de sécurité, dispositif de commande de système de sécurité, câble de transduction pour un système de sécurité et procédé de détection d'une perturbation et de détermination de la position de la perturbation WO2012164260A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12726475.2A EP2673755B1 (fr) 2011-06-01 2012-05-24 Système de sécurité, dispositif de commande de système de sécurité, câble de transduction pour un système de sécurité et procédé de détection d'une perturbation et de détermination de la position de la perturbation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1109234.3 2011-06-01
GB1109234.3A GB2490179B (en) 2011-06-01 2011-06-01 Security system, controller for a security system, transducing cable for a security system and method for detecting a disturbance and determining its location

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012164260A1 true WO2012164260A1 (fr) 2012-12-06

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EP (1) EP2673755B1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2012164260A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2520114A1 (fr) * 1982-01-18 1983-07-22 Lignes Telegraph Telephon Dispositif de localisation d'une cassure d'une fibre optique et utilisation d'un tel dispositif
GB2175771A (en) 1985-04-17 1986-12-03 Geoquip Security Systems Ltd Vibration sensitive transducer
US4764756A (en) * 1985-09-17 1988-08-16 Sekerheid En Elektronika Laboratoria (Eiendoms) Beperk Intrusion detector using a vibration-responsive cable
GB2262803A (en) * 1991-12-24 1993-06-30 Marconi Gec Ltd An optical fibre sensor array
WO2002089080A1 (fr) * 2001-05-02 2002-11-07 Penn State Research Foundation Systeme et procede pour la detection, la localisation ou la classification d'une perturbation au moyen d'un systeme capteur a guide d'ondes
CH697645B1 (de) * 2001-06-05 2008-12-31 Christian Liechti Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Errichtung einer ereignisgesteuerten, leitungs- und verbindungslosen Kommunikation.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2522040B2 (de) * 1975-05-17 1977-09-29 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Alarmeinrichtung zur absicherung von objekten gegen unbefugte
FR2622703B1 (fr) * 1987-11-04 1990-03-02 Laborderie Alain Dispositif pour localiser le point de franchissement d'une limite par un mobile
GB2476266B (en) * 2009-12-17 2014-10-08 Geoquip Ltd Improvements in or relating to sensing apparatus

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2520114A1 (fr) * 1982-01-18 1983-07-22 Lignes Telegraph Telephon Dispositif de localisation d'une cassure d'une fibre optique et utilisation d'un tel dispositif
GB2175771A (en) 1985-04-17 1986-12-03 Geoquip Security Systems Ltd Vibration sensitive transducer
US4764756A (en) * 1985-09-17 1988-08-16 Sekerheid En Elektronika Laboratoria (Eiendoms) Beperk Intrusion detector using a vibration-responsive cable
GB2262803A (en) * 1991-12-24 1993-06-30 Marconi Gec Ltd An optical fibre sensor array
WO2002089080A1 (fr) * 2001-05-02 2002-11-07 Penn State Research Foundation Systeme et procede pour la detection, la localisation ou la classification d'une perturbation au moyen d'un systeme capteur a guide d'ondes
CH697645B1 (de) * 2001-06-05 2008-12-31 Christian Liechti Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Errichtung einer ereignisgesteuerten, leitungs- und verbindungslosen Kommunikation.

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GB2490179A (en) 2012-10-24
GB201109234D0 (en) 2011-07-13
EP2673755B1 (fr) 2014-12-10
GB2490179B (en) 2013-04-24
EP2673755A1 (fr) 2013-12-18

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