WO2012162865A1 - 基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统 - Google Patents

基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012162865A1
WO2012162865A1 PCT/CN2011/001920 CN2011001920W WO2012162865A1 WO 2012162865 A1 WO2012162865 A1 WO 2012162865A1 CN 2011001920 W CN2011001920 W CN 2011001920W WO 2012162865 A1 WO2012162865 A1 WO 2012162865A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
axis
double
quick change
robot
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/001920
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵金龙
孙玉田
历秉强
张华栋
孙勇
Original Assignee
山东电力研究院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 201110140447 external-priority patent/CN102303588B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201120174592U external-priority patent/CN202130434U/zh
Application filed by 山东电力研究院 filed Critical 山东电力研究院
Priority to US13/877,041 priority Critical patent/US8868235B2/en
Publication of WO2012162865A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012162865A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J13/00Controls for manipulators
    • B25J13/08Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
    • B25J13/088Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices with position, velocity or acceleration sensors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S901/00Robots
    • Y10S901/14Arm movement, spatial
    • Y10S901/16Cartesian, three degrees of freedom

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric vehicle battery replacement robot control system, in particular to an electric passenger car chassis battery automatic and quick replacement robot based on a rectangular coordinate robot based electric passenger car chassis battery quick change system.
  • the existing electric vehicle energy replenishment methods mainly include charging and power exchange.
  • the charging mode is mainly insufficient for full charging time; the charging device needs to be combined with the long-term parking position, the charging facility layout is not flexible; the outdoor charging cannot be performed in the cold winter climate in the north; the battery has no unified maintenance management, affecting the battery cycle life, etc.
  • the power-changing method since the power-changing method has significant advantages such as fast energy supply (quick power-up), small impact on battery life, and easy commercialization, it has obtained multiple parties such as electric vehicle manufacturers, battery manufacturers, and charging operators. Identity.
  • the invention patent of CN101559758A of the State Intellectual Property Office of China discloses a quick change system for a chassis battery. Since the system only includes a connection part between the battery and the vehicle, and does not have any positioning guide, the system cannot be realized. Automatic replacement of the battery.
  • the invention patent of CN201784595U discloses an automatic battery replacement system for an electric vehicle, including a vehicle positioning platform and a lifting device, etc., since the positioning platform of the system only realizes the positioning of the vehicle in the front-rear direction, when the vehicle is replaced When the chassis is at an angle to the horizontal plane (the chassis is tilted at a certain angle), the lift device will raise the lift or the lift is not in place when lifting the battery box, so that the vehicle after the power exchange has a safety hazard.
  • the system proposed a method for replacing the battery of the chassis, and proposed to position the battery by means of the inclined plane pin.
  • the purely mechanical battery positioning method has large error, no information feedback, and the battery is easily damaged. Second, the system does not have the ability to automatically recognize the battery.
  • the purpose of the research and development of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks, and provide a battery compartment quick change system for an electric passenger car based on a Cartesian coordinate robot, which can realize automatic positioning of a power-changing vehicle through a power-changing platform, and can realize a battery through a quick-change robot.
  • Quick and accurate disassembly and installation which provides a convenient, fast and economical battery replacement method for electric passenger car charging and replacing power station, which makes up for the short charging time of the whole vehicle and greatly improves the mileage of electric vehicles. It provides the possibility for the electric car to travel for a long time. It can also adjust the battery attitude, automatically identify the battery and replace the vehicle battery quickly, accurately and safely, and realize the control of the three directions of the Cartesian robot. Small angle correction and positioning of the battery and information interaction with the main control system.
  • An electric passenger car chassis battery quick change system based on a Cartesian robot comprising a power exchange platform, the power exchange platform and the quick change robot and the charging frame are on the same line;
  • the quick change robot comprises a battery tray and four degrees of freedom
  • the Cartesian coordinate robot includes an X-axis linear positioning system, a Z-axis lifting platform, a Y-axis telescopic platform, and an R-axis angle correcting system.
  • the X-axis linear positioning system includes an X-axis double-track rack, and the Z-axis lifting platform includes Y-axis double-track rack, R-axis angle correcting system includes R-axis driving motor; X-axis double-track rack ends extend to the power exchange platform and charging stand respectively; Z-axis double-track rack is vertically connected with X-axis double-track rack, The Y-axis double-track rack is vertically mounted on the Z-axis double-track rack; the X-axis double-track rack is provided with an X-axis drive motor, and the Y-axis double-track rack is provided with a Y-axis drive The motor has a Z-axis lifting motor matched with the Z-axis double-track rack.
  • the battery tray is arranged on the Y-axis double-track rack and is coupled with the R-axis drive motor; each drive motor is Corresponding encoder connection, each encoder is connected with the corresponding driver; a distance measuring sensor is arranged on the battery tray, and corresponding limit switches are arranged at both ends of each double-track rack; drivers of each driving motor, limit switches, The ranging sensors are all connected to the control system.
  • the X-axis drive motor, the Y-axis drive motor, the Z-axis lift motor, and the R-axis drive motor are stepping motors each having gears matched with respective double-track racks.
  • the X-axis drive motor and the Z-axis lift motor are interlocked. Only when the X-axis drive motor and the Z-axis lift motor reach the set position, the Y-axis drive motor moves, and only the Y-axis drive motor moves to the designated position, the R-axis The drive motor only moves.
  • the X-axis double-track rack and the Z-axis double-track rack, the Z-axis double-track rack and the Y-axis double-track rack are respectively connected vertically by a slider.
  • the control system includes a host computer and a motion control module connected to the host computer, a battery management module, a battery identity module, and a battery position detection module; wherein the motion control module includes a PLC controller and an operation handle; the PLC controller Connected to the limit switches, the PLC controller is also connected to the corresponding encoders through the respective drivers; at the same time, the PLC controller is also connected with the emergency stop switch; the PLC controller communicates with the upper computer through the CAN bus; Connected to the host computer; the battery position detecting module is connected to the ranging sensor.
  • the motion control module includes a PLC controller and an operation handle; the PLC controller Connected to the limit switches, the PLC controller is also connected to the corresponding encoders through the respective drivers; at the same time, the PLC controller is also connected with the emergency stop switch; the PLC controller communicates with the upper computer through the CAN bus; Connected to the host computer; the battery position detecting module is connected to the ranging sensor.
  • the battery identification module is coupled to the RFID reader.
  • the ranging sensor is a laser ranging sensor connected to the host computer via a CAN bus through a battery position detecting module.
  • the battery position sensing module is two DMP sensors that are mounted on a battery tray and cooperate with a reflective device mounted at the battery charging station.
  • the upper computer is connected to the battery management module, the PLC controller, the battery identification module, the battery position detecting module, and the operating handle through the CAN bus.
  • the power exchange platform is provided with a V-type stop position for the vehicle to be replaced.
  • the power-changing platform of the invention provides a working platform for replacing the battery of the electric passenger vehicle chassis, and can carry 2.5 tons of weight.
  • the power exchange platform is a metal welded structure with a level adjustment device between the platform and the ground.
  • the platform has the function of automatically positioning the vehicle forward and backward.
  • the front part of the platform is designed with a V-shaped stop position. When the front wheel of the vehicle enters the V-shaped stop position, the vehicle automatically stops in the middle of the V-shaped stop position by its own gravity.
  • the power exchange platform has a vehicle detecting device (card reader) that can determine the presence or absence of the vehicle.
  • the RFID radio frequency identification mark
  • the control system transmits the real-time to the quick change robot and the background monitoring system through the bus. No vehicle information.
  • the power changing robot of the present invention includes a battery tray and a four-degree-of-freedom rectangular coordinate robot.
  • the four-degree-of-freedom orthogonal coordinate robot can move in three directions of X, ⁇ , and Z and a small angle of rotation of the R-axis of the battery tray.
  • the movements of the X, ⁇ , and Z directions are all the shafts with gears at both ends of the servo motor drive, and the corresponding directions are translated by the synchronous rotation of the gears on the corresponding double-track racks.
  • the control system includes: a host computer, a battery management system (BMS), and a motion control system.
  • the motion control system includes: Siemens S7-300-315 PLC controller, limit switches, operating handles, and servo motors.
  • the host computer is also connected to the battery position detecting module, the ranging laser ranging sensor, the DMP sensor, the RFID tag, and the like.
  • the Battery Management System communicates with each battery via the CAN bus.
  • the host computer exchanges information with the main controller, the Siemens S7-300-315 PLC controller, via the CAN bus.
  • the battery management system reports the information of the battery of the upper computer through the CAN bus.
  • the upper computer monitoring system installs the RFID tag reader and reader, and reads the RFID tag mounted on the battery to confirm the information of each battery.
  • a limit switch is installed at both ends of each double rail rack. Among them, the X-axis drive motor and the Z-axis lift motor are interlocked. Only when the X-axis drive motor and the Z-axis lift motor reach the set position, the Y-axis drive motor moves. Only when the Y-axis drive motor moves to the specified position, the R-axis The drive motor only moves.
  • the operating handle can teach the coordinates of the robot, read the encoder of each motor through teaching, record the current coordinate value, and upload it to the host computer control system for storage.
  • the motion control system can detect the position and angle of the battery removed from the battery tray and store it locally. When the fully charged battery is removed from the battery charging station, the battery can be adjusted according to the stored data. And recovery.
  • the robot is equipped with two DMP sensors.
  • the initial positioning is performed according to the coordinates stored in the teaching.
  • the two DMP sensors are mounted on the battery charging station. The positioning is performed and the second confirmation is performed. Only two confirmations are made, and the robot picks up and discharges the battery.
  • Each battery has a unique RFID logo, and a reader is installed on the battery tray.
  • the battery identification is read by the card reader, the local verification is performed, and the confirmation information is provided to the background monitoring system.
  • the battery charging stand provides a reliable storage location for the storage of the electric passenger car battery, and the battery is automatically charged by the auxiliary mechanism.
  • the battery charging stand is a metal welded structure, and one storage position is used as a separate unit and is bolted to each other.
  • the control system operation flow includes the following steps:
  • the power-changing platform reports the vehicle information to the background monitoring system. After receiving the report information, the rear-end monitoring system sends a work command to the quick-change robot through the bus;
  • the quick change robot moves to the underside of the chassis of the power exchange vehicle through the position control function of the position control module to perform the action of discharging the battery;
  • the quick change robot moves out from under the vehicle chassis and descends to a safe position
  • the quick change robot moves to the specified position of the battery charging stand (empty), and detects the position (via the DMP sensor);
  • the quick change robot moves to the designated position of the battery charging stand (the fully charged battery), and detects and judges the position (via the DMP sensor) and the battery identity (via the RFID card reader);
  • the quick change robot descends to a safe position and moves laterally to the front of the vehicle chassis;
  • the workflow of the quick change robot of the present invention is -
  • the PLC controller accepts the empty charging station label issued by the host computer, finds the corresponding coordinate value by matching with the database, the robot holds the battery to reach the corresponding charging station, and performs the second verification by DMP sensor. Confirm that the battery is accurately charged by placing it accurately in the appropriate charging station.
  • the battery management system informs the upper computer, and the upper computer gives an instruction to change the RFID tag to the filled flag, and uploads the upper computer for recording.
  • the PLC controller accepts the charging station label of the fully charged battery delivered by the host computer, finds the corresponding coordinate value by matching with the database, the robot reaches the corresponding charging station, and performs the second verification by DMP sensor. Confirm, remove the battery. At this time, the host computer sets the label of the charging station to a vacancy.
  • the PLC controller controls the robot to reach the underside of the vehicle according to the coordinate value when the battery is unloaded. According to the battery position and angle when the battery is unloaded, the battery is corrected by the rotating motor on the robot to restore the posture when the battery is removed. The battery is accurately mounted on the bottom of the vehicle, and the robot returns to the home position to stand by and complete the entire power exchange process.
  • the invention has the following advantages: the battery attitude adjustment, the automatic battery identification and the quick, accurate and safe replacement of the vehicle battery, the three-direction control of the rectangular coordinate robot, the small angle correction and positioning of the battery and Information interaction with the main control system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing the structure of an electric passenger car chassis battery quick change system based on a Cartesian robot in an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view corresponding to Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the system structure when the quick change robot takes the battery
  • Figure 4 is a plan view corresponding to Figure 3 (replacement vehicle not shown);
  • Figure 5 is a front view of the system structure when the quick change robot discharges the battery
  • Figure 6 is a plan view corresponding to Figure 3;
  • Figure 7 shows the front view of the quick change robot
  • Figure 8 shows the left side view of the quick change robot
  • Figure 9 is a block diagram of the quick change robot control system.
  • an electric passenger car chassis battery quick change system based on a Cartesian robot comprising a power exchange platform 2, the power exchange platform 2 and the quick change robot 3 and the charging frame 4 are on the same line;
  • the quick change robot 3 includes a battery a tray 9 and a four-degree-of-freedom rectangular coordinate robot comprising an X-axis linear positioning system 5, a Z-axis lifting platform 6, a Y-axis telescopic platform 7, and an R-axis angular correction system 8, the X-axis linear positioning system 5 comprising
  • the X-axis double-track rack 12 includes a Y-axis double-track rack 20, and the R-axis angle correcting system 8 includes an R-axis driving motor 15;
  • the X-axis dual-track rack 12 extends to the power-changing platform 2 and the charging, respectively.
  • Z-axis double-track rack 17 is vertically movably connected with X-axis double-track rack 12, and Y-axis double-track rack 20 is vertically movably mounted on Z-axis double-track rack 17;
  • the X-axis driving motor 13 is matched with a Y-axis driving motor 14 coupled to the Y-axis double-track rack 20, and a Z-axis lifting motor 16 is provided on the Z-axis double-track rack 17, and a battery is provided.
  • the tray 9 is disposed on the Y-axis double-track rack 20 and is coupled to the R-axis drive motor 15; each of the drive motors is coupled to a corresponding encoder 25, and each encoder 25 is coupled to a corresponding driver 18; 9 is provided with a distance measuring sensor 19, and corresponding limits are provided at both ends of each double-track rack Off 24; each driving motor driver 18, the respective limit switch 24, the distance measuring sensor 19 are connected to the control system.
  • the X-axis drive motor 13, the Y-axis drive motor 14, the Z-axis lift motor 16 and the R-axis drive motor 15 are stepping motors each provided with gears that cooperate with respective double-track racks.
  • the X-axis drive motor 13 and the Z-axis lift motor 16 are interlocked. Only when the X-axis drive motor 13 and the Z-axis lift motor 16 reach the set position, the Y-axis drive motor 14 moves, and only the Y-axis drive motor 14 moves to When the position is specified, the R-axis drive motor 15 moves.
  • the X-axis double-track rack 12 and the Z-axis double-track rack 17 and the Z-axis double-track rack 17 and the Y-axis double-track rack 20 are vertically connected by a slider, respectively.
  • the control system includes a host computer 27 and a motion control module connected to the host computer 27, a battery management module 21, a battery identity recognition module 28, and a battery position detection module 30.
  • the motion control module includes a PLC controller 22 and an operation handle. 23; the PLC controller 22 is connected to the limit switches 24, and the PLC controller 22 is also connected to the respective encoders 25 through the respective drivers 18; meanwhile, the PLC controller 22 is also connected to the emergency stop switch 26;
  • the controller 22 communicates with the host computer 27 via the CAN bus; the operating handle 23 is connected to the upper computer 27; and the battery position detecting module 30 is connected to the ranging sensor 19.
  • the battery identification module 28 is coupled to the RFID reader/writer 29.
  • the ranging sensor 19 is a laser ranging sensor connected to the host computer 27 via the CAN bus via the battery position detecting module 30.
  • the battery position detecting module 30 is two DMP sensors that are mounted on the battery tray 9 in cooperation with a reflective device mounted at the battery charging station.
  • the upper computer 27 is connected to the battery management module 21, the PLC controller 22, the battery identification module 28, the battery position detecting module 30, and the operating handle 23 via a CAN bus.
  • the power exchange platform 2 is provided with a V-stop position 11 for the power-changing vehicle 1 stop.
  • the reset command is issued by the host computer 27, and the drive motors of the robot are reset, and the host computer 27 records the current position as the coordinate origin of the robot motion.
  • the power-changing platform 1 When a vehicle enters the V-stop position 11 of the power-changing platform, the power-changing platform 1 reports the vehicle information to the background control system, and after receiving the report information, the background control system sends a work instruction to the quick-change robot 3 through the bus;
  • Quick change robot 3 through the X-axis linear positioning system 5, Z-axis lifting platform 6 and Y-axis telescopic platform 7 position control module position control function, quickly move to the underside of the chassis of the re-powered vehicle 1 to perform the operation of unloading the battery;
  • the quick change robot 3 moves out from under the vehicle chassis and descends to a safe position
  • the quick change robot 3 moves to the designated position (empty) of the battery charging stand 4, and detects and judges the position (through the DMP sensor); Put the battery on the charging stand 4, and identify it (via the RFID card reader), upload it to the background monitoring system, and the quick change robot 3 exits;
  • the quick change robot 3 moves to the designated position of the battery charging stand 4 (the fully charged battery), and detects and judges the position (through the DMP sensor) and the battery identity (via the RFID card reader); After the confirmation is correct, the battery is removed from the charging stand 4, and the quick change robot 3 is withdrawn;
  • the quick change robot 3 descends to a safe position and moves laterally to the front of the vehicle chassis;
  • Quick change robot 3 battery tray 9 moves under the vehicle chassis to install the battery into the car;
  • the quick change robot 3 leaves the underside of the vehicle chassis and returns to a safe position, waiting for the next work order.
  • the specific working process of the quick change robot 3 is as follows: accurately, the battery tray 9 is extended under the battery of the vehicle according to the teaching coordinate point, the Y-axis double-track rack 20 is moved upward to remove the battery, and the battery is detected by the three ranging sensors 19. Relative to the position and angle of the robot, and local storage.
  • Each drive motor accepts the command, confirms by DMP sensor verification, and accurately discharges the battery to the corresponding charging station to charge the battery.
  • the battery management module 21 informs the upper computer 27 that the upper computer 27 issues an instruction to change the RFID tag to the full flag, and uploads the upper computer 27 for recording.
  • the PLC controller 22 accepts the charging station label of the fully charged battery delivered by the host computer 27, finds the corresponding coordinate value by matching with the database, and the battery tray 9 reaches the corresponding charging station, and performs secondary confirmation by DMP sensor verification. , remove the battery. At this time, the host computer 27 sets the label of the charging station to a vacancy.
  • the PLC controller 22 controls the robot to reach the lower side of the vehicle according to the coordinate value when the battery is discharged, and corrects the battery by the R-axis drive motor 15 on the robot according to the battery position and angle at the time of discharging the battery, and restores the posture when the battery is removed.
  • the battery is accurately mounted on the bottom of the vehicle, and the robot returns to the home position to stand by and complete the entire power exchange process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统,它包括换电平台(1),换电平台与快换机器人(3)以及充电架(4)在同一直线上。快换机器人包括电池托盘(9)和四自由度的直角坐标机器人。直角坐标机器人在X轴双轨齿条(12)上设有与之配合的X轴驱动电机(13),在Y轴双轨齿条(20)上设有与之配合的Y轴驱动电机(14),在Z轴双轨齿条(17)上设有与之配合的Z轴升降电机(16)。电池托盘设置在Y轴双轨齿条上,并与之配合的R轴驱动电机(15)连接。各驱动电机均与相应的编码器(25)连接,各编码器与相应的驱动器(18)连接。在电池托盘上设有测距传感器(19),在各双轨齿条两端设有相应限位开关(24)。各驱动电机的驱动器、各限位开关、测距传感器均与控制系统连接。

Description

基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动汽车电池更换机器人控制系统,特别涉及电动乘用车底盘电池自动、 快速更换机器人的基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统。
背景技术
随着世界能源及环境问题的日益严重, 电能作为一种清洁能源广泛应用于汽车领域, 为 电动汽车提供了广阔的应用空间。 然而, 由于受到当前电池能量密度的限制, 电动汽车的续 航里程一般在一百公里至两百公里之间, 远不如传统汽车的续航里程。 因此, 能否快速为汽 车提供能量补给, 直接影响到电动汽车的推广应用。 对电池充电需要几个小时才能完成, 快 速充电会对电池的寿命产生影响, 同时, 单个电池重, 不利于人工更换。 针对这一难题, 研 宄能够快速更换电池的机器人是解决汽车能量快速补给的唯一有效办法。
现有的电动汽车能源补给方式主要有充电和换电两种方式。 充电模式的不足主要有满充 时间长; 充电设备需要与长期停靠位置相结合, 充电设施布局不灵活; 在北方冬天寒冷气候 下无法进行室外充电; 电池无统一维护管理, 影响电池循环使用寿命等, 与之相比, 由于换 电方式具有补充能源速度快(快速补电)、 对电池寿命影响小、 易实现商业化等显著优点, 已 获得电动汽车厂商、 电池厂商和充电运营商等的多方认同。
在中国新能源汽车产业政策密集出台的背景下, 国内电动汽车充换电站市场快速起步, 针对电动公交车、 环卫车等车型的自动换电技术己逐渐成熟。 但受相关技术和行业发展成熟 度的制约, 电动乘用车的自动换电技术还处于探索发展阶段。 在此情形下, 电动乘用车智能 充换电服务网络的发展必须依靠换电技术的创新, 才能真正推动电动汽车行业的健康和可持 续发展。
中国国家知识产权局专利号为 CN101559758A 的发明专利公开了一种用于底盘电池的快 速更换系统, 由于该系统只包含电池与车辆之间的连接部件, 不具有任何定位导向装置, 因 此系统无法实现电池的自动更换。专利号为 CN201784595U的发明专利公开了一种电动汽车的 电池自动更换系统, 包含车辆定位平台和举升设备等, 由于该系统的定位平台只实现车辆在 前后方向上的定位, 当换电车辆的底盘与水平面有夹角时(底盘倾斜一定的角度), 则举升设 备举升电池箱时将产生过举升或举升不到位的情况, 从而使换电后的车辆存在安全隐患。 同 时该系统提出了底盘电池更换的方法, 提出了利用倾斜平面销的方式对电池进行定位, 但是 这种纯机械的电池定位方式误差大, 没有信息反馈, 很容易损坏电池。 其次, 该系统没有对 电池自动识别的功能。
因此, 需开发能够实现电池的自动识别和电池跟车辆底盘准确定位的控制系统和控制方 法以实现对电动车辆快速、 准确、 安全的能量补给, 从而促进电动汽车的推广及应用。
发明内容
本发明的研宄目的就是为了克服上述缺陷, 提供一种基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车 底盘电池快换系统, 通过换电平台可实现换电车辆的自动定位, 通过快换机器人可实现电池 的快速、 准确地拆卸和安装, 从而为电动乘用车充换电站提供了一种方便、 快捷、 经济的电 池更换方式, 弥补了整车充电时间过长的不足, 大大提高电动汽车的行驶里程, 为电动汽车 长时间续航出行提供了可能, 它还能够对电池姿态调整, 电池自动识别以及能够快速、准确、 安全的对车辆电池进行更换, 实现对直角坐标机器人的三个方向的控制, 对电池小角度纠偏 和定位及跟主控系统之间的信息交互。
为了实现上述内容, 本发明采用如下技术方案: 一种基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统, 它包括换电平台, 换电平台 与快换机器人以及充电架在同一直线上; 所述快换机器人包括电池托盘和四自由度的直角坐 标机器人, 所述直角坐标机器人包括 X轴直线定位系统、 Z轴升降平台、 Y轴伸缩平台、 R轴 角度纠偏系统, X轴直线定位系统包括 X轴双轨齿条, Z轴升降平台包括 Y轴双轨齿条, R轴 角度纠偏系统包括 R轴驱动电机; X轴双轨齿条两端分别延伸到换电平台和充电架处; Z轴双 轨齿条与 X轴双轨齿条垂直活动连接, Y轴双轨齿条垂直活动安装在 Z轴双轨齿条上; 在 X 轴双轨齿条上设有与之配合的 X轴驱动电机, 在 Y轴双轨齿条上设有与之配合的 Y轴驱动电 机, 在 Z轴双轨齿条上设有与之配合的 Z轴升降电机, 电池托盘设置在 Y轴双轨齿条上, 并 与之配合的 R轴驱动电机连接; 各驱动电机均与相应的编码器连接, 各编码器与相应的驱动 器连接; 在电池托盘上设有测距传感器, 在各双轨齿条两端设有相应限位开关; 各驱动电机 的驱动器、 各限位开关、 测距传感器均与控制系统连接。
所述 X轴驱动电机、 Y轴驱动电机、 Z轴升降电机和 R轴驱动电机均为步进电机, 其上分 别设有与各相应双轨齿条配合的齿轮。
所述 X轴驱动电机、 Z轴升降电机联动, 只有当 X轴驱动电机和 Z轴升降电机到达设定 位置时, Y轴驱动电机才运动, 只有 Y轴驱动电机运动到指定位置时, R轴驱动电机才运动。
所述 X轴双轨齿条与 Z轴双轨齿条间、 Z轴双轨齿条与 Y轴双轨齿条间分别通过滑块垂 直连接。
所述控制系统包括上位机以及与上位机连接的运动控制模块、 电池管理模块、 电池身份 识别模块、电池位置检测模块;其中所述运动控制模块包括 PLC控制器和操作手柄;所述 PLC 控制器与所述各限位开关连接, PLC控制器还通过各驱动器与相应的各编码器连接; 同时 PLC 控制器还与急停开关连接; PLC控制器通过 CAN总线与上位机通信; 所述操作手柄与上位机 连接; 所述电池位置检测模块与测距传感器连接。
所述电池身份识别模块与 RFID读写器连接。
所述测距传感器为激光测距传感器, 通过电池位置检测模块经 CAN总线与上位机连接。 所述电池位置检测模块为两个 DMP传感器, 它们安装在电池托盘上, 与安装在电池充电 工位的反光装置配合。
所述上位机通过 CAN总线与电池管理模块、 PLC控制器、 电池身份识别模块、 电池位置 检测模块、 操作手柄连接。
所述换电平台上设有换电车辆止位用 V型停止位。
本发明的换电平台为电动乘用车底盘电池的更换提供工作平台, 可承载 2. 5吨重量。 换 电平台为金属焊接结构, 平台和地面之间有水平调整装置。 平台具有对车辆自动前后定位的 功能, 在平台的前部设计有 V型停止位, 当车辆前轮驶入 V型停止位后, 车辆通过自身重力 自动停止在 V型停止位的中间。换电平台具有车辆检测装置(读卡器),可以判断车辆的有无。 当换电车辆行驶到换电平台后, 通过读卡器读取车辆前方安装的 RFID (射频身份识别标识) 检测到有车辆存在, 控制系统通过总线实时的向快换机器人和后台监控系统发送有无车辆的 信息。
本发明的换电机器人包括电池托盘和四自由度的直角坐标机器人。 其中, 四自由度的直 角坐标机器人能够在 X, Υ, Z三个方向移动及电池托盘 R轴的小角度的旋转。 X, Υ, Z三个方向 的移动都是伺服电机驱动两端带有齿轮的轴, 通过齿轮在相应双轨齿条上的同步转动以实现 相应方向的平移。
控制系统包括: 上位机、 电池管理系统(BMS)、运动控制系统。 其中运动控制系统包括: 西门子 S7-300- 315 PLC控制器、 各限位开关、 操作手柄、 各伺服电机。 此外上位机还与电池位置检测模块、 测距激光测距传感器、 DMP传感器、 RFID标签等连 接。
电池管理系统 (BMS), 通过 CAN总线与每块电池进行通信。 上位机通过 CAN总线与主控 制器一一西门子 S7-300- 315 PLC控制器进行信息交互。 电池管理系统通过 CAN总线上报上位 机监控系统电池的信息,上位机监控系统安装 RFID标签读写器,通过读取装在电池上的 RFID 标签, 确认每块电池的电量等信息。
在各双轨齿条两端安装限位开关。 其中, X轴驱动电机、 Z轴升降电机联动, 只有当 X轴 驱动电机和 Z轴升降电机到达设定位置时, Y轴驱动电机才运动, 只有 Y轴驱动电机运动到 指定位置时, R轴驱动电机才运动。
操作手柄可对机器人进行坐标示教, 通过示教读取各个电机的编码器, 记录当前坐标值, 并上传上位机控制系统进行存储。
运动控制系统能对卸下电池相对电池托盘的位置和角度进行检测, 并进行当地存储, 当 从电池充电工位上取下己充满电的电池时, 能够根据存储的数据对电池进行姿态的调整和复 原。
机器人上装有两个 DMP传感器, 在相对电池充电工位进行取电池和放电池时, 首先根据 示教存储的坐标值进行初步定位, 然后, 两个 DMP传感器对安装在电池充电工位的反光装置 进行定位, 进行二次确认, 只有两次的确认无误, 机械手才对电池进行取放。
每块电池贴有唯一的 RFID标识, 电池托盘上安装有读写器。 当快换机器人取电池的位置 确定后, 通过读卡器读取电池的身份标识, 进行本地校验, 并向后台监控系统提供确认信息。
电池充电架为电动乘用车电池的存放提供可靠的存储位置, 并通过辅助机构实现电池的 自动充电操作。 电池充电架为金属焊接结构, 一个存放位置作为一个独立单元, 彼此之间通 过螺栓连接。
所述的控制系统操作流程, 包括以下步骤:
1、 当有车辆驶入换电平台 V型停止位后, 换电平台将有车信息报告给后台监控系统, 后 台监控系统收到报告信息后, 通过总线发送工作指令给快换机器人;
2、快换机器人通过位置控制模块的位置控制功能, 快速移动至换电车辆底盘下方, 执行 卸电池的动作;
3、 对卸下的电池位置进行检测, 并记录相关数据;
4、 快换机器人从车辆底盘下方运动出来并下降到安全位置;
5、 将电池位置调整到正确摆放位置;
6、 快换机器人运动到电池充电架的指定位置 (空), 并对位置进行检测判断 (通过 DMP 传感器);
7、 把电池放到充电架上, 并进行身份识别 (通过 RFID读卡器), 上传给后台监控系统, 快换机器人退出;
8、根据后台监控系统的指令, 快换机器人运动到电池充电架的指定位置(已充满电的电 池), 并对位置 (通过 DMP传感器) 和电池身份 (通过 RFID读卡器) 进行检测判断;
9、 确认无误后, 把电池从充电架上取下, 快换机器人退出;
10、 快换机器人下降到安全位置, 并横向移动到车辆底盘前方;
11、 将电池的位置调整到适合安装的角度 (通过 R轴角度纠偏系统及之前卸下的电池的 记忆信息);
12、 快换机器人电池托盘运动到车辆底盘下方, 将电池安装到车上; 13、 快换机器人离开车辆底盘下方并返回至安全位置, 等待下一条工作指令。
本发明的快换机器人的工作流程为-
1 )系统上电后, 通过上位机下发复位指令, 机器人的各个方向的触发限位开关后寻零, 上位机记录当前位置为机器人运动的坐标原点。
2)卸电池: 车辆安全停靠换电平台后, 换电机器人根据示教的坐标点准确的将电池托盘 伸到车辆的电池下方, Z轴升降电机向上运动, 直到安装在机械手上的限位开关触发。 此时, 机械手上对电池进行释放, 取下电池, 通过三个激光测距传感器检测出电池相对机械手的位 置和角度, 并进行当地存储。
3)放电池: PLC控制器接受上位机下发的空的充电工位标号, 通过与数据库匹配找出对 应的坐标值, 机械手托着电池到达相应充电工位, 通过 DMP传感器校验进行二次确认, 将电 池准确放到相应的充电工位上, 对电池进行充电。 当电池充满电时, 电池管理系统告知上位 机, 上位机下达指令将 RFID标签改为已充满标志, 上传上位机进行记录。
4)取电池: PLC控制器接受上位机下发的己充满电电池的充电工位标号, 通过与数据库 匹配找出对应的坐标值, 机械手到达相应充电工位, 通过 DMP传感器校验进行二次确认, 将 电池取下。 此时, 上位机将该充电工位的标号设置为空位。
5)安装电池: PLC控制器按照卸电池时的坐标值控制机械手到达车辆下方, 根据卸电池 时的电池位置和角度, 通过机械手上的旋转电机对电池进行纠偏, 恢复电池卸下时的姿态, 将电池准确安装在车辆底部, 机器人回到原点位置待命, 完成整个换电过程。
本发明的有益效果是: 能够对电池姿态调整, 电池自动识别以及能够快速、 准确、 安全 的对车辆电池进行更换, 实现对直角坐标机器人的三个方向的控制, 对电池小角度纠偏和定 位及跟主控系统之间的信息交互。
附图说明
图 1为发明实施例中基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统的结构示意主 视图。
图 2为对应于图 1的俯视图;
图 3为快换机器人取电池时的系统结构主视图;
图 4为对应于图 3的俯视图 (换电车辆未示出);
图 5为快换机器人放电池时的系统结构主视图;
图 6为对应于图 3的俯视图;
图 7快换机器人正面示意图;
图 8快换机器人左视图;
图 9快换机器人控制系统框图。
其中, 1、 换电车辆, 2、 换电平台, 3、快换机器人, 4、 充电架, 5、 X轴直线定位系统, 6、 Z轴升降平台, 7、 Y轴伸缩平台, 8、 R轴角度纠偏系统, 9、 电池托盘, 10、 电池, 11、 V型停止位, 12. X轴双轨齿条, 13. X轴驱动电机, 14. Y轴驱动电机, 15. R轴驱动电机, 16. Z轴升降电机, 17. Z轴双轨齿条, 18. 驱动器, 19. 测距传感器, 20. Y轴双轨齿条, 21. 电池管理模块, 22. PLC控制器, 23. 操作手柄, 24. 限位开关, 25. 编码器, 26. 急 停开关, 27. 上位机, 28. 电池身份识别模块, 29. RFID读写器, 30. 电池位置检测模块。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
图 1-图 9中, 一种基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统, 它包括换电平 台 2, 换电平台 2与快换机器人 3以及充电架 4在同一直线上; 所述快换机器人 3包括电池 托盘 9和四自由度的直角坐标机器人,所述直角坐标机器人包括 X轴直线定位系统 5、 Z轴升 降平台 6、 Y轴伸缩平台 7、 R轴角度纠偏系统 8, X轴直线定位系统 5包括 X轴双轨齿条 12, Z轴升降平台 6包括 Y轴双轨齿条 20, R轴角度纠偏系统 8包括 R轴驱动电机 15; X轴双轨 齿条 12两端分别延伸到换电平台 2和充电架 4处; Z轴双轨齿条 17与 X轴双轨齿条 12垂直 活动连接, Y轴双轨齿条 20垂直活动安装在 Z轴双轨齿条 17上; 在 X轴双轨齿条 12上设有 与之配合的 X轴驱动电机 13, 在 Y轴双轨齿条 20上设有与之配合的 Y轴驱动电机 14, 在 Z 轴双轨齿条 17上设有与之配合的 Z轴升降电机 16, 电池托盘 9设置在 Y轴双轨齿条 20上, 并与之配合的 R轴驱动电机 15连接; 各驱动电机均与相应的编码器 25连接,各编码器 25与 相应的驱动器 18连接; 在电池托盘 9上设有测距传感器 19, 在各双轨齿条两端设有相应限 位开关 24; 各驱动电机的驱动器 18、 各限位开关 24、 测距传感器 19均与控制系统连接。
所述 X轴驱动电机 13、 Y轴驱动电机 14、 Z轴升降电机 16和 R轴驱动电机 15均为步进 电机, 其上分别设有与各相应双轨齿条配合的齿轮。
所述 X轴驱动电机 13、 Z轴升降电机 16联动, 只有当 X轴驱动电机 13和 Z轴升降电机 16到达设定位置时, Y轴驱动电机 14才运动, 只有 Y轴驱动电机 14运动到指定位置时, R 轴驱动电机 15才运动。
所述 X轴双轨齿条 12与 Z轴双轨齿条 17间、 Z轴双轨齿条 17与 Y轴双轨齿条 20间分 别通过滑块垂直连接。
所述控制系统包括上位机 27以及与上位机 27连接的运动控制模块、 电池管理模块 21、 电池身份识别模块 28、 电池位置检测模块 30; 其中所述运动控制模块包括 PLC控制器 22和 操作手柄 23;所述 PLC控制器 22与所述各限位开关 24连接, PLC控制器 22还通过各驱动器 18与相应的各编码器 25连接; 同时 PLC控制器 22还与急停开关 26连接; PLC控制器 22通 过 CAN总线与上位机 27通信; 所述操作手柄 23与上位机 27连接; 所述电池位置检测模块 30与测距传感器 19连接。
所述电池身份识别模块 28与 RFID读写器 29连接。
所述测距传感器 19为激光测距传感器, 通过电池位置检测模块 30经 CAN总线与上位机 27连接。
所述电池位置检测模块 30为两个 DMP传感器,它们安装在电池托盘 9上,与安装在电池 充电工位的反光装置配合。
所述上位机 27通过 CAN总线与电池管理模块 21、 PLC控制器 22、 电池身份识别模块 28、 电池位置检测模块 30、 操作手柄 23连接。
所述换电平台 2上设有换电车辆 1止位用 V型停止位 11。
当整个系统上电后, 通过上位机 27 下发复位指令, 机器人的各驱动电机复位, 上位机 27记录当前位置为机器人运动的坐标原点。
当有车辆驶入换电平台 V型停止位 11后, 换电平台 1将有车信息报告给后台控制系统, 后台控制系统收到报告信息后, 通过总线发送工作指令给快换机器人 3;
快换机器人 3通过 X轴直线定位系统 5、 Z轴升降平台 6和 Y轴伸缩平台 7的位置控制模 块的位置控制功能, 快速移动至换电车辆 1的底盘下方, 执行卸电池的动作;
对卸下的电池位置进行检测, 并记录相关数据;
快换机器人 3从车辆底盘下方运动出来并下降到安全位置;
通过 R轴角度纠偏系统 8将电池位置调整到正确的摆放位置;
快换机器人 3运动到电池充电架 4的指定位置(空), 并对位置进行检测判断(通过 DMP 传感器); 把电池放到充电架 4上, 并进行身份识别 (通过 RFID读卡器), 上传给后台监控系统, 快换机器人 3退出;
根据后台监控系统的指令, 快换机器人 3运动到电池充电架 4的指定位置(已充满电的 电池), 并对位置(通过 DMP传感器)和电池身份 (通过 RFID读卡器)进行检测判断; 确认无误后, 把电池从充电架 4上取下, 快换机器人 3退出;
快换机器人 3下降到安全位置, 并横向移动到车辆底盘前方;
将电池的位置调整到适合安装的角度 (通过 R轴角度纠偏系统 8及之前卸下的电池的记 忆信息);
快换机器人 3电池托盘 9运动到车辆底盘下方, 将电池安装到车上;
快换机器人 3离开车辆底盘下方并返回至安全位置, 等待下一条工作指令。
快换机器人 3具体工作过程为: 根据示教的坐标点准确的将电池托盘 9伸到车辆的电池 下方, Y轴双轨齿条 20向上运动取下电池, 通过三个测距传感器 19检测出电池相对机械手 的位置和角度, 并进行当地存储。
各驱动电机接受指令, 通过 DMP传感器校验确认, 将电池准确放到相应的充电工位上, 对电池进行充电。 当电池充满电时, 电池管理模块 21告知上位机 27, 上位机 27下达指令将 RFID标签改为已充满标志, 上传上位机 27进行记录。
PLC控制器 22接受上位机 27下发的已充满电电池的充电工位标号, 通过与数据库匹配 找出对应的坐标值, 电池托盘 9到达相应充电工位, 通过 DMP传感器校验进行二次确认, 将 电池取下。 此时, 上位机 27将该充电工位的标号设置为空位。
PLC控制器 22按照卸电池时的坐标值控制机械手到达车辆下方, 根据卸电池时的电池位 置和角度, 通过机械手上的 R轴驱动电机 15对电池进行纠偏, 恢复电池卸下时的姿态, 将电 池准确安装在车辆底部, 机器人回到原点位置待命, 完成整个换电过程。

Claims

权利要求书
1.一种基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统, 其特征是, 它包括换电平 台, 换电平台与快换机器人以及充电架在同一直线上; 所述快换机器人包括电池托盘和四自 由度的直角坐标机器人, 所述直角坐标机器人包括 X轴直线定位系统、 Z轴升降平台、 Y轴伸 缩平台、 R轴角度纠偏系统; 所述 X轴直线定位系统包括 X轴双轨齿条, Z轴升降平台包括 Y 轴双轨齿条, R轴角度纠偏系统包括 R轴驱动电机; X轴双轨齿条两端分别延伸到换电平台和 充电架处; Z轴双轨齿条与 X轴双轨齿条垂直活动连接, Y轴双轨齿条垂直活动安装在 Z轴双 轨齿条上; 在 X轴双轨齿条上设有与之配合的 X轴驱动电机, 在 Y轴双轨齿条上设有与之配 合的 Y轴驱动电机, 在 Z轴双轨齿条上设有与之配合的 Z轴升降电机, 电池托盘设置在 Y轴 双轨齿条上, 并与之配合的 R轴驱动电机连接; 各驱动电机均与相应的编码器连接, 各编码 器与相应的驱动器连接; 在电池托盘上设有测距传感器, 在各双轨齿条两端设有相应限位开 关; 各驱动电机的驱动器、 各限位开关、 测距传感器均与控制系统连接。
2.如权利要求 1所述的基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统,其特征是, 所述 X轴驱动电机、 Y轴驱动电机、 Z轴升降电机和 R轴驱动电机均为步进电机, 其上分别设 有与各相应双轨齿条配合的齿轮。
3.如权利要求 1所述的基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统,其特征是, 所述 X轴驱动电机、 Z轴升降电机联动, 只有当 X轴驱动电机和 Z轴升降电机到达设定位置 时, Y轴驱动电机才运动, 只有 Y轴驱动电机运动到指定位置时, R轴驱动电机才运动。
4.如权利要求 1所述的基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统,其特征是, 所述 X轴双轨齿条与 Z轴双轨齿条间、 Z轴双轨齿条与 Y轴双轨齿条间分别通过滑块垂直连 接。
5.如权利要求 1所述的基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统,其特征是, 所述控制系统包括上位机以及与上位机连接的运动控制模块、 电池管理模块、 电池身份识别 模块、 电池位置检测模块; 其中所述运动控制模块包括 PLC控制器和操作手柄; 所述 PLC控 制器与所述各限位开关连接, PLC 控制器还通过各驱动器与相应的各编码器连接; 同时 PLC 控制器还与急停开关连接; PLC控制器通过 CAN总线与上位机通信; 所述操作手柄与上位机 连接; 所述电池位置检测模块与测距传感器连接。
6.如权利要求 5所述的基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统,其特征是, 所述电池身份识别模块与 RFID读写器连接。
7.如权利要求 5所述的基于直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统,其特征是, 所述测距传感器为激光测距传感器, 通过电池位置检测模块经 CAN总线与上位机连接。
8.如权利要求 5所述的直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统, 其特征是, 所 述电池位置检测模块为两个 DMP传感器, 它们安装在电池托盘上, 与安装在电池充电工位的 反光装置配合。
9.如权利要求 5所述的直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统, 其特征是, 所 述上位机通过 CAN总线与电池管理模块、 PLC控制器、 电池身份识别模块、 电池位置检测模 块、 操作手柄连接。
10.如权利要求 1所述的直角坐标机器人的电动乘用车底盘电池快换系统, 其特征是, 所 述换电平台上设有换电车辆止位用 V型停止位。
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