WO2012152757A1 - Unité de poulie pour transfert bidirectionnel d'un couple - Google Patents

Unité de poulie pour transfert bidirectionnel d'un couple Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012152757A1
WO2012152757A1 PCT/EP2012/058374 EP2012058374W WO2012152757A1 WO 2012152757 A1 WO2012152757 A1 WO 2012152757A1 EP 2012058374 W EP2012058374 W EP 2012058374W WO 2012152757 A1 WO2012152757 A1 WO 2012152757A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cage
clutch
pulley
pulley unit
sprags
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/058374
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alessandro GARRONE
Original Assignee
Aktiebolaget Skf
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aktiebolaget Skf filed Critical Aktiebolaget Skf
Priority to EP12719379.5A priority Critical patent/EP2705269A1/fr
Publication of WO2012152757A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012152757A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32—Friction members
    • F16H55/36—Pulleys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/069—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by pivoting or rocking, e.g. sprags
    • F16D41/07—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by pivoting or rocking, e.g. sprags between two cylindrical surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/08—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action
    • F16D41/084—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action the intermediate coupling members wedging by pivoting or rocking

Definitions

  • Pulley unit for bi-directional torque transfer Pulley unit for bi-directional torque transfer
  • the present invention relates to a pulley unit that is configured for bi-directional torque transfer between an outer member and an inner member of the pulley unit.
  • a unit of this kind is known from WO 2004/06581 1 , which describes a pulley device and a starter/generator comprising the device.
  • the pulley device comprises a shaft, a pulley that is rotatably mounted on the shaft, and a one-way clutch for providing a freely rotatable condition when the shaft and pulley are relatively rotated in a first direction of rotation, and for providing a first coupling between the shaft and the pulley when they are relatively rotated in an opposite direction.
  • the device further includes a locking clutch, which provides a second coupling between the shaft and pulley. The locking clutch prevents relative rotation between the shaft and pulley in both relative rotational directions.
  • the locking clutch is an electromagnetic clutch comprising a first armature that can slide axially, but is rotationally fixed to one of the shaft and pulley.
  • a second armature is fixedly connected to the other of the shaft and pulley.
  • the armatures are further provided with friction means, which engage with each other when the locking clutch is energized.
  • the present invention resides in a pulley unit as defined in claim 1 , whereby further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
  • the inventive pulley unit comprises an inner member that is rotatably mounted to an outer member, and further comprises a first clutch and a second clutch arranged between the inner and outer members.
  • the unit is configured such that when the outer member is being driven, the first clutch enables torque to be transferred from the outer member to the inner member, while allowing the inner member to rotate relative to the outer member.
  • the second clutch is actively engaged to enable torque transfer from the inner member to the outer member.
  • the second clutch is a sprag clutch comprising an inner cage and an outer cage, each cage having a number of pockets for retaining a corresponding number of sprags.
  • the sprags When the outer member is being driven, the sprags have a first orientation, in which the sprags are not in engagement with the inner and outer members. In a second orientation of the sprags, the sprags engage with the inner and outer members and enable torque transfer from the inner to the outer member.
  • one of the inner and outer cages is partly rotatable relative to the other of the inner and outer cages, whereby the relative rotation causes the sprags to move from the first orientation to the second orientation.
  • the unit further comprises actuation means for moving the rotatable cage, changing the orientation of the sprags and engaging the second clutch.
  • the first clutch may be a one-way clutch, such as a sprag clutch, a roller clutch or a wrap spring.
  • the first clutch may also comprise a torsion spring, whereby one end of the spring is coupled to the inner member and an opposite end of the spring is coupled to the outer member.
  • the function of the first clutch is to transfer torque in the first direction and to enable the inner member of the pulley to overrun the outer member when the outer member is being driven by e.g. an engine crankshaft belt.
  • the second clutch is engaged when the pulley inner member is being driven by e.g. an alternator shaft.
  • the inner and outer cages of the second clutch are mounted to the same pulley member, which may be the inner member or the outer member.
  • One of the inner and outer cages is mounted to the pulley member in a fixed manner, and will be referred to as the fixed cage.
  • the other of the inner and outer cages is mounted to the pulley member in a manner that permits a small amount of angular displacement of the cage, and this cage will be referred to as the rotatable cage.
  • the actuation means are activated and angularly displace the rotatable cage.
  • the fixed cage then serves as a fulcrum around which the sprags are tiled to adopt their engaged position.
  • the rotatable cage is resiliently mounted to the pulley member via one or more springs, so that when the actuation means are de-activated, the spring force returns the rotatable cage and the sprags to their disengaged position.
  • the actuation means comprises a cam and the rotatable cage is provided with one or more axially extending slots for receiving a cam.
  • each slot has an angled camming surface and the actuation means comprises an actuation disc with one or more protrusions that can be received within the one or more slots.
  • Each protrusion has a camming surface that is in contact with the angled camming surface of each slot.
  • the angled camming surface of each slot is undercut relative to the camming surface of each protrusion. Furthermore, when the second clutch is in the disengaged position, the one or more protrusions are arranged axially within the one or more slots, such that an axial retraction of the actuation disc causes an angular displacement of the rotatable cage. In other words, a pulling force is exerted on the actuation disc in order to engage the second clutch.
  • each slot is angled in an opposite direction, such that at an axially outermost edge of each cage protrusion, the width of the slot appears to become narrower.
  • the one or more protrusions are predominantly arranged axially outside of the one or more slots, such that an axial displacement of the actuation disc towards the rotatable cage causes an angular displacement of the rotatable cage. In other words, a pushing force is exerted on the actuation disc in order to engage the second clutch.
  • the actuation disc is mounted to the same pulley member as the inner and outer cages, in a manner which allows an axial displacement of the actuation disc, but which does not permit angular displacement of the actuation disc relative to the pulley member.
  • the sprags in the sprag clutch are spring-loaded, whereby the springs keep the sprags in their disengaged position.
  • a certain tangential force is required. The tangential force is produced as a force component of the axial force exerted on the angled camming surface when the actuation disc is axially displaced.
  • the magnitude of the axial force and the tangential force is dependent on an angle a of the angled camming surface relative to the axial force direction.
  • the angle a of the angled camming surface is non-constant and varies with respect to the axial force direction.
  • the actuation disc is axially displaced by an actuating element.
  • the actuating element is mounted to a stationary component, to simply the construction of the inventive pulley unit.
  • the actuation disc is made of or comprises a ferromagnetic material, and the axial force is provided by magnetic attraction.
  • the actuating element is an electromagnet, meaning that the second clutch can easily be activated and de-activated by energizing and de- energizing the electromagnet.
  • the actuation disc may be moved by one or more linear actuators that are mounted to the same pulley member as the actuation disc.
  • the actuation disc may be rotatably mounted to a fixed part via a rolling element bearing, whereby e.g. the bearing outer ring is mounted to the fixed part and the actuation disc is mounted to the bearing inner ring. An axial force exerted on the bearing outer ring will then be transmitted to the inner ring and to the actuation disc via the rolling elements.
  • a pulley unit according to the invention may be executed in a variety of manners and may be adapted to the requirements of the specific application.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a cut perspective view of an example of a pulley unit according to the invention
  • Fig. 1 b, 1 c show details of a second clutch of the pulley unit
  • Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of part of the second clutch and actuation means
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the pulley unit, from the actuation side, with the actuation means removed;
  • Fig. 4 is a detail of part of a cage of the second clutch
  • Fig. 5 is a detail of part of a cage of a further embodiment of a second clutch.
  • the invention will be described with reference to an application in a vehicle engine whereby the pulley unit is connected between an alternator shaft and a crankshaft belt.
  • the pulley unit enables bidirectional torque-transfer between the alternator shaft and the belt, meaning that the alternator can function not only as a generator of electrical power, but can also serve as a starter motor and can boost power to the engine.
  • torque is transferred from the belt to the alternator shaft, which will be referred to as a first direction of torque transfer.
  • start/boost mode torque is transferred from the alternator shaft to the belt, which will be referred to as a second direction of torque transfer.
  • the unit is not restricted to this application, however, and may be used to couple any device with a flexible drive means, whereby bidirectional torque transfer is desirable.
  • the pulley unit comprises an inner member 10 and an outer member 20.
  • the inner member has a bore for receiving a shaft (not shown) of the alternator device 70.
  • the alternator shaft is coupled to the inner member 10 by means of e.g. a screw connection.
  • the outer member 20 has a grooved section 22 for receiving the crankshaft belt.
  • the crankshaft For each combustion stroke of the engine, the crankshaft accelerates then decelerates until the next combustion stroke.
  • These engine velocity fluctuations are transferred to the crankshaft belt, and the inertia of the driven components, particularly the alternator, generates dynamic tensions as the belt continuously tries to accelerate and decelerate these components.
  • Belt slippage and unwanted noise are examples of the problems associated with fluctuating belt tension.
  • One way of absorbing the fluctuations is to allow the alternator to overrun the belt, by means of an over-running clutch arranged between the inner and outer members.
  • the over-running clutch 30 is a one-way clutch, such as a sprag clutch, which prevents a relative rotation between the inner member 10 and the outer member 20 when relatively rotating in a first direction of rotation.
  • the one-way clutch 30 allows a free rotation between the inner member 10 and the outer member 20.
  • torque is transferred to the inner member 10 via the one-way clutch 30.
  • the one-way clutch 30 disengages and the inner member 10 is able to rotate relative to the outer member 20.
  • the relative rotation is further possible in that the outer member is mounted to the inner member via a bearing arrangement.
  • the bearing arrangement comprises first 51 and second 52 axially spaced ball bearings.
  • the pulley unit for transferring torque in the second direction, such that the alternator 70 may function as a starter motor, the pulley unit further comprises a second clutch 40.
  • the second clutch is a sprag clutch, comprising a plurality of sprags 41 retained in pockets of an inner cage 42 and an outer cage 43.
  • a first orientation of the sprags as depicted in Fig. 1 b, the sprags are not in engagement with a radially inner surface 21 of the outer member 20 and a radially outer surface 1 1 of the inner member 10.
  • the sprags are in the first (disengaged) orientation when the outer member 20 is being driven in the direction shown by the arrow 25 (and torque is transferred in the first direction via the first clutch 30).
  • a second orientation of the sprags as depicted in Fig.
  • the sprags engage with the radially inner surface 21 of the outer member and the radially outer surface 1 1 of the inner member, thereby enabling torque transfer in the second direction when the inner member 10 is being driven in the direction indicated by the arrow 15.
  • the sprags 41 are moved from the first orientation to the second orientation by rotating one of the inner and outer cages 42, 43 relative to the other.
  • the inner cage 42 is the rotatable cage and is moved by an actuation disc 60.
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the inner cage and actuation disc, when these components are in a default position, before the inner cage has been moved. Furthermore, the sprags 41 are in the first orientation in the default position.
  • the inner cage 42 comprises axial extensions 44 with slots 45 in between.
  • the axial extensions 44 are provided with an angled surface 47.
  • the actuation disc 60 has protrusions 62, which are less wide than the slots 45 and which are received in the slots.
  • the protrusions 62 of the actuation disc also have an angled surface 67, which is in contact with the angled surface 47 of the cage extensions 44.
  • the angled surface 47 of the cage extensions is undercut relative to the contacting surface 67 of the actuation disc 60.
  • the actuation disc 60 is made of a steel material which can be magnetically attracted.
  • an electromagnet 80 is provided, which may be mounted on a housing of the alternator 70. In start mode, the electromagnet is energized and the actuation disc 60 is axially displaced towards the electromagnet 80, which rotates the inner cage 42 and changes the orientation of the sprags 41 to the engaged position.
  • the outer cage 43 in this example is fixedly mounted to the pulley outer member 20; i.e. the outer cage does not move relative to the outer member.
  • the outer cage may, for example, comprise one or more radial extensions 48 which fit exactly into first recesses in the outer member.
  • the fixed outer cage serves as a fulcrum around which the sprags are pivoted.
  • the inner cage 43 is mounted to the outer member 20 in a manner that does permit a limited about of relative rotation.
  • the inner cage 42 comprises three evenly spaced radial extensions 49, which are received in second recesses 27 in the outer member 20 (Refer Fig. 3).
  • the second recesses 27 may be the same recesses that receive the radial extensions 48 of the outer cage.
  • the second recesses 27 are slightly wider, thereby creating a gap which permits angular displacement of the inner cage 42 relative to the outer member 20 and the outer cage 43.
  • a spring element 50 is provided in each gap, such that rotation of the inner cage causes a deformation of the spring.
  • the electromagnet 80 is de-energized, the spring force causes the inner cage 42 to return to the default position. Due to the geometry of the slots 45 and disc protrusions 62, the actuation disc is also returned to the default postion as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the actuation disc 60 is therefore mounted to the pulley outer member in a manner which allows axial displacement of the actuation disc 60 relative to the outer member 20, but does not permit relative angular displacement.
  • the actuation disc 60 comprises axial extensions 65 that are slidingly received in third recesses 29 in the outer member 20.
  • the actuation disc 60 is a cam and the inner cage 42 of the second clutch 40 is a cam follower, whereby the angle of the angled surface 47 on the cage extensions 44 defines the camming angle, also known as the pressure angle.
  • the sprags in the sprag clutch 40 are spring-loaded, whereby the springs keep the sprags in their disengaged position.
  • a certain tangential force is required. The tangential force is produced as a force component of the axial force exerted on the angled camming surface 47 when the actuation disc is axially displaced.
  • the magnitude of the axial force and the tangential force is dependent on an angle a of the angled camming surface relative to the axial force direction. Therefore, by varying the angle of the angled camming surface, the peak forces needed to change the orientation of the sprags can be modulated, depending on the force that is actually needed during a particular stage of the actuation cycle.
  • FIG. 4 A detail of the angled camming surface 47 is shown in Fig. 4, in which said surface is provided a non-constant pressure angle. For the sake of clarity, the angles have been exaggerated somewhat.
  • the actuation disc (not shown) is retracted in an axial direction, which exerts a force F a on the camming surface.
  • the camming surface has a first portion 47A which presents a first angle ⁇ relative to the axial force direction.
  • the camming surface further has a second portion 47B, which presents a second angle a 2 relative to the axial force direction.
  • the second angle a 2 is steeper than the first angle ⁇ .
  • the steeper second angle a 2 produces a relatively smaller tangential force F t .
  • the axial force F a that is needed to retract the actuation disc is smaller, meaning that the electromagnet or other actuating element has a lower current requirement.
  • the angle of the camming surface is varied in accordance with the required actuation forces. In the embodiment described with reference to Figs 1 - 4, the rotatable cage of the second clutch is moved by means of a pulling force, away from the cage.
  • each of the inner cage, outer cage and actuation disc are mounted to the poulley outer member.
  • the inner cage, the outer cage and the actuation disc are mounted to the inner member and the outer cage is the rotatable cage which is angularly displaced by means of an axial force on the actuation disc in a direction towards the cage.
  • a detail of the outer cage 543 is shown in Fig. 5.
  • the cage has an extension 544 with an angled camming surface 547, which presents first and second angles to an actuation disc (not shown).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pulleys (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une unité de poulie pour le transfert bidirectionnel d'un couple, qui comprend un premier embrayage (30) et un second embrayage (40) agencés entre un élément intérieur (10) et un élément extérieur (20) de la poulie. L'unité est conçue de telle sorte que, lorsque l'élément extérieur (20) est entraîné, le premier embrayage (30) permet au couple d'être transfert de l'élément extérieur à l'élément intérieur. Lorsque l'élément intérieur (10) est entraîné, le couple est transfert de l'élément intérieur à l'élément extérieur par l'intermédiaire du second embrayage (40). Le second embrayage est un embrayage à béquille comprenant une cage intérieure (42) et une cage extérieure (43), chaque cage présentant un certain nombre de poches destinées à retenir un nombre correspondant de béquilles (41). Lorsque l'élément extérieur est entraîné, les béquilles ont une première orientation dans laquelle les béquilles ne sont pas en contact avec les éléments intérieur et extérieur. Dans une seconde orientation des béquilles, les béquilles coopèrent avec les éléments intérieur et extérieur et permettent le transfert du couple. Selon l'invention, l'une des cages intérieure et extérieure peut tourner par rapport à l'autre des cages intérieure et extérieure, de sorte que la rotation relative fait passer les béquilles de la première orientation à la seconde orientation. L'unité comprend en outre des moyens d'actionnement (60, 80) destinés à attaquer la cage rotative (42) et à changer l'orientation des béquilles.
PCT/EP2012/058374 2011-05-06 2012-05-07 Unité de poulie pour transfert bidirectionnel d'un couple WO2012152757A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12719379.5A EP2705269A1 (fr) 2011-05-06 2012-05-07 Unité de poulie pour transfert bidirectionnel d'un couple

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161483312P 2011-05-06 2011-05-06
US61/483,312 2011-05-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012152757A1 true WO2012152757A1 (fr) 2012-11-15

Family

ID=46044703

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2012/058374 WO2012152757A1 (fr) 2011-05-06 2012-05-07 Unité de poulie pour transfert bidirectionnel d'un couple

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2705269A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012152757A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104048020A (zh) * 2014-06-13 2014-09-17 江苏盈科汽车空调有限公司 一种空压机皮带轮离合机构
CN104121299A (zh) * 2013-04-26 2014-10-29 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 方向可选择的楔块
DE102013206669A1 (de) * 2013-04-15 2014-10-30 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Freilaufkäfig
WO2015108786A1 (fr) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Gates Corporation Découpleur isolateur hydraulique
US11808313B2 (en) 2019-05-20 2023-11-07 Tsubakimoto Chain Co. Cam clutch

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2910159A (en) * 1955-04-22 1959-10-27 Borg Warner Clutch mechanism
WO1992002742A1 (fr) * 1990-08-02 1992-02-20 Ina Wälzlager Schaeffler Kg Dispositif de roue libre commutable a elements de blocage
DE10008278A1 (de) * 1999-02-24 2000-09-14 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Vorrichtung zur Leistungsübertragung/-unterbrechung
WO2004065811A1 (fr) 2003-01-22 2004-08-05 Ab Skf Embrayage et generatrice demarreur comprenant cet embrayage

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2910159A (en) * 1955-04-22 1959-10-27 Borg Warner Clutch mechanism
WO1992002742A1 (fr) * 1990-08-02 1992-02-20 Ina Wälzlager Schaeffler Kg Dispositif de roue libre commutable a elements de blocage
DE10008278A1 (de) * 1999-02-24 2000-09-14 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Vorrichtung zur Leistungsübertragung/-unterbrechung
WO2004065811A1 (fr) 2003-01-22 2004-08-05 Ab Skf Embrayage et generatrice demarreur comprenant cet embrayage

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013206669A1 (de) * 2013-04-15 2014-10-30 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Freilaufkäfig
CN104121299A (zh) * 2013-04-26 2014-10-29 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 方向可选择的楔块
WO2015108786A1 (fr) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Gates Corporation Découpleur isolateur hydraulique
US9097297B1 (en) 2014-01-17 2015-08-04 Gates Corporation Hydraulic isolator decoupler
CN104048020A (zh) * 2014-06-13 2014-09-17 江苏盈科汽车空调有限公司 一种空压机皮带轮离合机构
US11808313B2 (en) 2019-05-20 2023-11-07 Tsubakimoto Chain Co. Cam clutch

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