WO2012149899A1 - 具有可调电粘弹性支撑装置的电磁式振动台系统 - Google Patents

具有可调电粘弹性支撑装置的电磁式振动台系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012149899A1
WO2012149899A1 PCT/CN2012/075025 CN2012075025W WO2012149899A1 WO 2012149899 A1 WO2012149899 A1 WO 2012149899A1 CN 2012075025 W CN2012075025 W CN 2012075025W WO 2012149899 A1 WO2012149899 A1 WO 2012149899A1
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Prior art keywords
adjustable
signal
support device
electromagnetic
amplifier
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PCT/CN2012/075025
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何闻
王春宇
沈润杰
贾叔仕
于梅
马明德
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Zhejiang University ZJU
National Institute of Metrology
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Zhejiang University ZJU
National Institute of Metrology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16Circuit arrangements for detecting position
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/02Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
    • G01M7/022Vibration control arrangements, e.g. for generating random vibrations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/34Modelling or simulation for control purposes

Definitions

  • Electromagnetic vibrating table system with adjustable electro-viscoelastic support device
  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic shaker system having a tunable electro-viscoelastic support device.
  • Electromagnetic vibrating tables generally include a fixed base, an excitation system, a moving part, a guiding and supporting system, and the like. With the development of science and technology, electromagnetic vibrating tables are increasingly required to be able to output large-displacement vibration signals, such as for low-frequency or even ultra-low-frequency output, in order to obtain a large signal-to-noise ratio vibration signal, the vibration table output displacement The peak-to-peak value can reach 1000mm, and the large-stroke vibration table puts new demands on the elastic support device.
  • the electromagnetic vibration table generally adopts a mechanical elastic support device such as a leaf spring or a latex tube to support and position the moving parts.
  • the mechanical elastic supporting device works in the linear region, and the influence on the output index of the vibrating table can be neglected; when the moving displacement of the vibrating table is large (for example, when operating at an ultra-low frequency as low as 0.01 Hz, the output displacement The peak-to-peak value can reach 1000mm), and the mechanical elastic support device of the conventional vibrating table will exhibit large nonlinear characteristics, which will have a great influence on the performance index of the vibrating table.
  • the mechanical elastic supporting device is required.
  • the rigidity is small.
  • the support device is required to have large damping.
  • the present invention provides an electromagnetic vibrating table system having an electroviscous elastic supporting device, which can replace the mechanical elastic supporting device to support the moving parts in the electromagnetic vibrating table.
  • the stiffness and damping parameters can be easily adjusted according to the actual running requirements, and have good linearity under large stroke working conditions, which can greatly improve the working performance of the electromagnetic vibrating table under large stroke.
  • An electromagnetic vibrating table system with a tunable electro-viscoelastic support device including an electromagnetic vibrating table and a power amplifier;
  • the utility model is characterized in that: the supporting device of the electromagnetic vibration table is an adjustable electro-viscoelastic support device; the adjustable electro-viscoelastic support device comprises a displacement sensor for monitoring displacement of a moving component of the electromagnetic vibration table, and the first adjustable Amplifier, second adjustable amplifier, differentiator, adder and adjustable phase shifter, subtractor, proportional regulator;
  • the displacement signal obtained by the displacement sensor forms a first amplified signal through the first adjustable amplifier, and the other path of the displacement signal is sequentially formed by the differentiator and the second adjustable amplifier to form a second amplified signal.
  • An amplified signal and a second amplified signal are added by the adder to form an added signal, and the added signal is input into the adjustable phase shifter, and the phase shifting signal output by the adjustable phase shifter is used as a subtraction input subtractor.
  • the subtractor is connected to a signal generator that generates a standard signal, wherein the standard signal is used as a subtraction of the subtractor, and an output end of the subtractor is connected to an input end of the proportional regulator, and the ratio is The output of the regulator is connected to the input of the power amplifier, and the output signal of the power amplifier is used as a driving signal of the electromagnetic vibration table.
  • the transfer function of the vibrating table system is: G(s)
  • R ⁇ m reflects the stiffness characteristics of the system. Mainly generated by air damping, through reasonable design
  • the damping characteristic parameter C and the stiffness characteristic parameter of the vibrating table system are constant parameters, and the system therefore has better linearity; and by changing, ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 The system is then given the appropriate damping and stiffness parameters.
  • the strength S is a constant independent of the displacement X, then the system equivalent stiffness and damping coefficient and C are constant parameters, and the system therefore has better linearity.
  • the equivalent stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient and C of the vibrating table support can be directly adjusted.
  • the technical idea of the invention is to cancel the non-controllable and linearly poor link factors in the mechanical system, and to realize the electrical links which are convenient, controllable, linear, and high precision. Specifically, by adding differential and phase shifting processing to the displacement of the electromagnetic vibration table, the feedback signal of the system is formed to realize the function of the replaced mechanical link.
  • the electromagnetic vibration table generally includes a fixed base, an excitation system, a moving component, a guiding and supporting system, etc., wherein the conventional electromagnetic vibration table often uses a mechanical elastic supporting device such as a leaf spring or a latex tube to support the moving parts and Positioning.
  • a mechanical elastic supporting device such as a leaf spring or a latex tube
  • the moving coil, moving coil skeleton and work surface are well connected, and the first-order resonance frequency is usually designed to be more than 5 times of the operating frequency. Therefore, when the vibration table is working, the moving part can be regarded as a rigid body, and thus
  • the electromagnetic vibrating table is simplified to a single-degree-of-freedom mechanical model, and considering the electrical equation of the driving coil, the electromechanical coupling equation is:
  • C Cl + C 2 , where is the damping of the mechanical elastic support device, c 2 is the damping generated by other factors, such as air damping; S is the magnetic induction intensity of the working air gap; / is the length of the moving coil winding; The equivalent inductance of the winding; R is the equivalent resistance of the moving coil winding; Current; ⁇ is the voltage across the input winding of the power amplifier; X is the output displacement of the vibrating table (
  • the equation is mainly generated by air damping. At this time, the shaking table system transfer function is
  • the system introduces a tunable electro-viscoelastic support device, which is realized by: displacement sensor detecting electromagnetic vibration table
  • the standard signal 1 outputted by the signal generator is subjected to the difference operation to obtain the deviation signal ⁇ , and then After passing through a proportional regulator (magnification ⁇ 3 ), it is output to a power amplifier (magnification ⁇ ⁇ ) to drive the electromagnetic vibration table.
  • the transfer function of the feedback unit is
  • R parameter ⁇ himself4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 reflects the stiffness characteristics of the system.
  • the nonlinear parameters of the vibration table system and the C parameters are not present.
  • the magnetic induction intensity S is also a constant independent of the displacement X.
  • the damping characteristic parameter C and the stiffness characteristic parameter K of the vibrating table system are constant parameters, so the system is better. Linear; and by changing, ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , parameters, Di
  • C is mainly made up of air Damping is generated by reasonably setting ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 , K2K ⁇ KpBl »c 2 CK 2 K 3 K 4 K p Bl+(Bl) 2 .
  • the magnetic induction B is a constant independent of the displacement .
  • the medium equivalent stiffness and damping coefficient and C are constant parameters, so the system has good linearity, which can improve system performance. Comparing equations (12) and (14), it can be more clearly seen that by changing the magnification of the controllable amplifier, the controllable phase shifter, the proportional regulator, etc., the equivalent stiffness coefficient of the vibration table support can be directly adjusted and Damping coefficient and C.
  • the phase shift between the feedback signal and the signal source can be ensured by adjusting the adjustable phase shifter.
  • the invention has the advantages of adjustable parameters, good linearity and convenient realization.
  • Figure 1 shows the dynamic model of the moving part of the electromagnetic vibrating table.
  • Figure 2 shows the electromechanical coupling model of an electromagnetic vibrating table.
  • Figure 3 is a system model with a mechanically resilient support device.
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a system model incorporating an electroviscous elastic support device.
  • An electromagnetic vibrating table system with a tunable electro-viscoelastic support device including an electromagnetic vibrating table and a power amplifier;
  • the supporting device of the electromagnetic vibration table is an adjustable electro-viscoelastic support device;
  • the adjustable electro-viscoelastic support device comprises a displacement sensor, a first adjustable amplifier, a second adjustable amplifier, a differentiator, an adder And adjustable phase shifters, subtractors, and proportional regulators;
  • the displacement signal obtained by the displacement sensor forms a first amplified signal through the first adjustable amplifier, and the other path of the displacement signal is sequentially formed by the differentiator and the second adjustable amplifier to form a second amplified signal.
  • the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal are added by the adder to form an added signal, and the added signal is input into the adjustable phase shifter, and the phase shifting signal output by the adjustable phase shifter is used as In the subtraction input subtractor, the subtractor is connected to a signal generator that generates a standard signal, the standard signal is used as a subtraction of the subtractor, and the output of the subtractor and the input of the proportional regulator
  • the output of the proportional regulator is connected to the input end of the power amplifier, and the output signal of the power amplifier is used as a driving signal of the electromagnetic vibration table.
  • the technical idea of the invention is to cancel the non-controllable and linearly poor link factors in the mechanical system, and to realize the electrical links which are convenient, controllable, linear, and high precision. Specifically, by adding differential and phase shifting processing to the displacement of the electromagnetic vibration table, the feedback signal of the system is formed to realize the function of the replaced mechanical link.
  • the electromagnetic vibration table generally includes a fixed base, an excitation system, a moving component, a guiding and supporting system, etc., wherein the conventional electromagnetic vibration table often adopts a mechanical elastic supporting device such as a leaf spring or a latex tube to support the moving parts. And positioning.
  • the moving parts of the electromagnetic vibrating table the moving coil, moving coil skeleton and work surface are well connected.
  • the first-order resonance frequency is usually designed to be more than 5 times of the operating frequency. Therefore, when the vibrating table is working, the moving part can be regarded as a rigid body.
  • the electromagnetic vibrating table can be simplified into a single-degree-of-freedom mechanical model, as shown in Fig. 1, taking into account the electrical equation of the driving coil.
  • the electromechanical coupling model of the conventional electromagnetic vibrating table is shown in Fig. 2, and its electromechanical coupling equation for:
  • the equation is mainly generated by air damping. At this time, the electromagnetic vibration table transfer function is
  • the adjustable electro-viscoelastic support device is composed of a displacement sensor, a first adjustable amplifier, a second adjustable amplifier, a differentiator, an adjustable phase shifter and an adder, a subtractor, a proportional adjuster and the like.
  • the implementation process is: displacement
  • the sensor detects the displacement X of the moving part of the electromagnetic vibrating table, the displacement signal X passes through the first adjustable amplifier (magnification), and the other path is processed by the differentiator and the second adjustable amplifier (magnification K 2 ).
  • the signal processed by the path is added by the adder, and then passed through the adjustable phase shifter (the amplification factor is ⁇ 4 , after the phase shift, the standard signal outputted by the signal generator is subjected to the difference operation, and the deviation signal ⁇ is obtained, and then
  • the proportional regulator (magnification ⁇ 3 ) is output to the power amplifier (magnification ⁇ ⁇ ) to drive the electromagnetic vibration table.
  • the system model can be further simplified as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the transfer function of the feedback unit is
  • R K 4 can be made. Compared with formula ( 3) ,
  • the nonlinear parameters of the vibration table system and the C parameters are not present.
  • the magnetic induction intensity S is also a constant independent of the displacement X.
  • the damping characteristic parameter C and the stiffness characteristic parameter of the vibrating table system are constant parameters, and the system has better linearity. And by changing, ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , K 4 , the system can obtain appropriate damping and stiffness parameters. In particular, for the low frequency and ultra low frequency motion of the vibrating table, it is very small, so that the ⁇ i term of dt in the equation (1) is 0 .
  • the electromechanical coupling equation of the vibrating table using mechanical elastic support device is:
  • RR damping is generated by properly setting ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 , K2K ⁇ KpBl »c 2
  • the medium equivalent stiffness and damping coefficient and C are constant parameters, so the system has good linearity, which can improve system performance. Comparing equations (10) and (12), it can be more clearly seen that by changing the magnification of the controllable amplifier, the controllable phase shifter, the proportional regulator, etc., the equivalent stiffness coefficient of the vibration table support can be directly adjusted and Damping coefficient and C. In order to solve the phase shift problem caused by the input voltage and the output displacement of the vibrating table when the operating frequency is increased, the phase shift between the feedback signal and the signal source can be ensured by adjusting the adjustable phase shifter.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Description

说 明 书
具有可调电粘弹性支撑装置的电磁式振动台系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有可调电粘弹性支撑装置的电磁式振动台系统。
技术背景
电磁式振动台一般包括固定基座、 励磁系统、 运动部件、 导向及支撑系 统等部分。 而随着科学技术的发展, 电磁式振动台越来越被要求能够输出大 位移的振动信号, 如用于低频乃至超低频段输出时, 为了得到信噪比大的振 动信号, 振动台输出位移峰峰值可达到 1000mm, 大行程振动台对弹性支撑 装置提出了新的要求。 电磁式振动台一般采用板簧、 乳胶管等机械式弹性支撑装置, 对运动部 件进行支撑和定位。 在振动台工作位移较小时, 机械弹性支撑装置工作于线 性区, 对振动台输出指标的影响可以忽略; 当振动台运动位移较大时 (如在 低至 0.01Hz的超低频工作时, 输出位移峰峰值可以达到 1000mm) , 常规振 动台的机械弹性支撑装置将呈现较大的非线性特征, 从而对振动台性能指标 产生较大的影响; 另外, 振动台位移越大, 要求机械弹性支撑装置的刚度较 小, 然而为减小台面零漂及外界环境噪声的影响, 又要求支撑装置具有较大 的阻尼, 设计这种刚度小而阻尼大的机械弹性支撑装置存在困难; 此外, 由 于机械弹性支撑装置材料性能的变化, 其定位重复性也无法保证; 最后, 安 装完毕的机械弹性支撑装置, 其支撑刚度和阻尼参数不能随意改变。 故而机 械弹性支撑装置已无法满足电磁式振动台不断发展的要求, 尤其是大行程振 动台。 发明内容 为克服现有技术的上述缺点, 本发明提供了一种具有电粘弹性支撑装置的 电磁式振动台系统, 该电粘弹性支撑装置可替代机械弹性支撑装置, 使电磁式 振动台中运动部件的支撑刚度和阻尼参数可根据实际运行要求方便调节, 且在 大行程工作条件下具有良好的线性, 从而可极大地提高电磁式振动台大行程下 的工作性能。
具有可调电粘弹性支撑装置的电磁式振动台系统, 包括电磁式振动台和功 率放大器;
其特征在于: 所述的电磁式振动台的支撑装置为可调电粘弹性支撑装置; 所述的可调电粘弹性支撑装置包括监测电磁式振动台运动部件位移的位移传感 器、 第一可调放大器、 第二可调放大器、 微分器、 加法器和可调移相器、 减法 器、 比例调节器;
所述的位移传感器获取的位移信号一路经第一可调放大器形成第一放大信 号, 所述的位移信号另一路依次经微分器和第二可调放大器后形成第二放大信 号, 所述的第一放大信号和第二放大信号经所述的加法器相加形成加信号, 所 述的加信号输入可调移相器中, 可调移相器输出的移相信号作为减数输入减法 器中, 所述的减法器与产生标准信号的信号发生器连接, 所述的标准信号作为 减法器的被减数, 所述的减法器的输出端与比例调节器的输入端连接, 所述的 比例调节器的输出端与功率放大器的输入端连接, 所述的功率放大器的输出信 号作为电磁式振动台的驱动信号。
所 述 的 振 动 台 系 统 的 传 递 函 数 为 : G(s)
U(s)
Bl
KJC
mLs3 + (mR + c2L)s2 + Rc2 + ( + K2K3K4KpBl s + K、KJ J Bl
Κ,Κ Bl Bl
R
Figure imgf000005_0001
( 1 ) 式中, m 为运动部件及负载的总质量; 为由支承系统以外的其他因素产生的 阻尼, 如空气阻尼; B为工作空气隙的磁感应强度; /为动圈绕组的长度; L为 动圈绕组的等效电感; R 为动圈绕组的等效电阻; 是第一可调放大器的放大 倍数; 是第二可调放大器的放大倍数; 是比例调节器的放大倍数; 是可 调移相器的放大倍数; ^是功率放大器的放大倍数; s=jco , 为复频率; 式 (1 ) 中, 参数 C = c2 + (^) + K^ KPBI反映了系统的阻尼特征, 参数
R κ = m反映了系统的刚度特征。 主要由空气阻尼产生, 通过合理设
R
K2K3K4KpBl (ΒΙΥ + Κ2Κ3Κ4Κ ΒΙ 置其中的 、 K3、 Κ4, 可以使 » c , 从而 C -
R R
假设磁感应强度 B是与位移 X无关的常数, 则振动台系统的阻尼特征参数 C和 刚度特征参数 为常数参数, 系统因此具有更好线性; 且通过改变 、 Κ2、 Κ3、 Κ4嫌, 即可使系统获得合适的阻尼和刚度参数。
进一步, 所述的振动台系统在低频和超低频运动情况下的传递函数为:
Bl
U(s) J r mRs2 + [Rc2 + K2K3K4KpBl+(Bl)2]s + K^K^K^l
K,K - Bl 1
R K2K3K4KpBl+(Blf βΐ
ms + c2 + s + - R R
(2 ) 式 (2 ) 中, 系统等效
Figure imgf000006_0001
刚度系数为 = ^^^。 主要由空气阻尼产生, 通过合理设置其中的
R
K2、 Κ3、 Κ4, 便 K2K3K4KpBl 从而 C ^„„ 2。 假设磁感应
R 2 R
强度 S是与位移 X无关的常数,则系统等效刚度和阻尼系数 和 C为常数参数, 系统因此具有更好线性。 通过改变可控放大器、 可控移相器、 比例调节器等的 放大倍数, 可直接调节振动台支撑的等效刚度系数和阻尼系数 和 C。 本发明的技术构思是: 取消机械系统中非可控、 线性差的环节因素, 改由 方便可控、 线性好、 精度高的电气环节实现。 具体是通过对电磁式振动台位移 信号的比例加微分及移相处理, 构成系统的反馈信号, 实现所替代机械环节的 功能。
电磁式振动台一般包括固定基座、 励磁系统、 运动部件、 导向及支撑系统 等部分, 其中, 传统的电磁式振动台常采用板簧、 乳胶管等机械式弹性支撑装 置对运动部件进行支撑和定位。 运动部件中动圈、 动圈骨架、 工作台面连接良 好, 其一阶共振频率通常被设计为工作频率的 5倍以上, 故在振动台工作时, 运动部件可视为一刚性体, 进而可将电磁式振动台简化为单自由度力学模型, 同时考虑到驱动线圈的电气方程, 其机电耦合方程为:
mx + cx + kx = Bli
( 3 )
L— + Ri + Blx = un
dt 0
式中, 为运动部件及负载的总质量; 为运动部件的支撑弹簧刚度; c为运动 立 I
C=Cl +C2 , 其中 为机械弹性支撑装置的阻尼, c2为由其 他因素产生的阻尼, 如空气阻尼; S为工作空气隙的磁感应强度; /为动圈绕组 的长度; 为动圈绕组的等效电感; R为动圈绕组的等效电阻; 为动圈内驱动 电流; ^为功放输入绕组两端的电压; X为振动台的输出位移 (
故传统的电磁式振动台传递函数为:
Bl
G2(s) = (4)
U0 {s) mLs3 + (mR + cL)s2 + Rc + (Bl) + kL s + Rk 传统的振动台系统由功率放大器和电磁式振动台构成, 功率放大器传递函 ^) =Κρ, 故传统的振动台系统传递函数为
Bl
U(s) mLs3 + mR + cL)s2 + Rc + (Bff + kL s + Rk
(5 )
Figure imgf000007_0001
式中, 为功率放大器的放大倍数。 式 (5 ) 中, 参数
Figure imgf000007_0002
映了系统的刚度特征。 电磁式振动台安装完成后, ^:和 C均是不易改变的, 且 均与非线性参数 、 c有关, 所以 和 C也具有非线性特征。
本发明中取消了机械式弹性支承装置, 故在式 (3 ) 中 = 0, c=c2, 振动台 机电耦合方程变为:
mx + c2x = Bli
(6)
L— + Ri + Blx = un
dt 0
式中 主要由空气阻尼产生。 此时振动台系统传递函数为
X(s) Bl
G2(s) = (7)
U0 (s) mLs3 + (mR + c2L)s2 + Rc2 + (Bl) 同时, 本系统引入了可调电粘弹性支撑装置, 其实现过程是: 位移传感器 检测电磁式振动台运动部件的位移 X, 该位移信号 X—路经第一可调放大器(放 大倍数 K ), 另一路先后经微分器, 第二可调放大器 (放大倍数 ) 处理, 这 两路处理后的信号经加法器相加, 再经过可调移相器 (放大倍数为 K4, 相移 后, 与信号发生器输出的标准信号1进行求差运算, 得偏差信号 ^, 接着经过 比例调节器 (放大倍数 κ3) 后输出给功率放大器 (放大倍数 κρ), 驱动电磁式 振动台。
引入可调电粘弹性支撑装置后, 反馈单元的传递函数为
G,{s) = {Kl +K2s)-K4e (8)
-可控移相器相移 ^ = 0, 则:
G3(s) = (Kl +K2s)-K4 (9) 功率放大器传递函数
Figure imgf000008_0001
比例调节器传递函数 G4(s)=K3, 故系统传递函 数为:
G(s) =
U(s)
Bl
mLs3 +(mR + c2L)s2 + Rc2 + (Bl) + K2K3K4KpBl s + K、KJAK Bl Κ,Κ ΒΙ Bl
R
Figure imgf000008_0002
(10) 由式(10)可知, 参数 C = c2 +
Figure imgf000008_0003
反映了系统的阻尼特征,
R 参数 = Κ„4Κρβ1反映了系统的刚度特征。 通过合理设置其中的 K2、 Κ3
R
Κ4, 可以使 2 3 4 Ρ >>c 从而 —— 2 3 4 Ρ 。 与式(5)相比,
R 2 R
振动台系统的 和 C参数均未出现非线性参数 、 C 假设磁感应强度 S也是 与位移 X无关的常数,则振动台系统的阻尼特征参数 C和刚度特征参数 K为常 数参数, 系统因此具有更好线性; 且通过改变 、 Κ2、 Κ3、 参数, 即可使系 di
特别地, 对于振动台低频、 超低频运动情况, 很小, 故可令式 (3) 中 dt 的 ^ i项为 0, 则传统振动台机电耦合方程为:
dt
mx -- cx -- kx = Bli , 、
(11)
Ri+Blx = u
Figure imgf000009_0001
等效刚度系数为 = 电磁式振动台安装完成后, 和 C均是不易改变的, 且均与非线性参数 、 c有关, 所以 和 C也具有非线性特征。
取消机械式弹性支承装置后, 振动台机电耦合方程式 (6) 为:
nix + c2x = Bli
(13) Ri+Blx = un 引入可调电粘弹性支撑装置后, 振动台系统传递函数为
Bl
G(s)
U(s) mRs2 + [Rc2 + K2K3K4KpBl+(Blf]s + ΚλΚΚ^ΚρΒΙ
(14)
Κ3ΚΡ·ΒΙ 1
R K2K3K4KpBl+(Bl) KKK K El
ms + c2 + s + - R R 该系统也为典型的单自由度振动系统模型, 其中等效阻尼系数为
C 主要由空气
Figure imgf000009_0002
阻尼产生, 通过合理设置其中的 κ2、 κ3、 κ4K2K^KpBl »c2 , 从而 C K2K3K4KpBl+(Bl)2。假设磁感应强度 B是与位移 χ无关的常数,则式( 14 ) R
中等效刚度和阻尼系数 和 C为常数参数,系统因此具有良好线性,从而可改 善系统性能。 对照式 (12 ) 和式 (14), 可以更明显地看出, 通过改变可控放 大器、 可控移相器、 比例调节器等的放大倍数, 可直接调节振动台支撑的等效 刚度系数和阻尼系数 和 C。
为解决当工作频率增高时引起振动台输入电压与输出位移出现的相移问 题, 可通过调节可调移相器保证反馈信号与信号源之间的相位差不变。
本发明具有参数可调、 线性好, 方便实现的优点。
附图说明
图 1为电磁式振动台运动部件动力学模型。
图 2为电磁式振动台机电耦合模型。
图 3为具有机械弹性支撑装置的系统模型。
图 4为本发明的结构框图。
图 5为引入电粘弹性支撑装置的系统模型。
具体实施方式
参照附图, 进一步说明本发明:
具有可调电粘弹性支撑装置的电磁式振动台系统, 包括电磁式振动台和功 率放大器;
所述的电磁式振动台的支撑装置为可调电粘弹性支撑装置; 所述的可调电 粘弹性支撑装置包括位移传感器、 第一可调放大器、 第二可调放大器、 微分器、 加法器和可调移相器、 减法器、 比例调节器;
所述的位移传感器获取的位移信号一路经第一可调放大器形成第一放大信 号, 所述的位移信号另一路依次经微分器和第二可调放大器后形成第二放大信 号, 所述的第一放大信号和第二放大信号经所述的加法器相加形成加信号, 所 述的加信号输入可调移相器中, 可调移相器输出的移相信号作为减数输入减法 器中, 所述的减法器与产生标准信号的信号发生器连接, 所述的标准信号作为 减法器的被减数, 所述的减法器的输出端与比例调节器的输入端连接, 所述的 比例调节器的输出端与功率放大器的输入端连接, 所述的功率放大器的输出信 号作为电磁式振动台的驱动信号。
本发明的技术构思是: 取消机械系统中非可控、 线性差的环节因素, 改由 方便可控、 线性好、 精度高的电气环节实现。 具体是通过对电磁式振动台位移 信号的比例加微分及移相处理, 构成系统的反馈信号, 实现所替代机械环节的 功能。
电磁式振动台一般包括固定基座、 励磁系统、 运动部件、 导向及支撑系统 等部分, 其中, 传统的电磁式振动台常采用板簧、 乳胶管等机械式弹性支撑装 置, 对运动部件进行支撑和定位。 电磁式振动台运动部件中动圈、 动圈骨架、 工作台面连接良好, 其一阶共振频率通常被设计为工作频率的 5倍以上, 故在 振动台工作时, 运动部件可视为一刚性体, 进而可将电磁式振动台简化为单自 由度力学模型, 如图 1所示, 同时考虑到驱动线圈的电气方程, 传统的电磁式 振动台机电耦合模型如图 2所示, 其机电耦合方程为:
Figure imgf000011_0001
式中, 为运动部件及负载的总质量; 为运动部件的支撑弹簧刚度; c为运动 部件的运动阻尼系数, c= +c2, 其中 为机械弹性支撑装置的阻尼, c2为由其 他因素产生的阻尼, 如空气阻尼; S为工作空气隙的磁感应强度; /为动圈绕组 的长度; 为动圈绕组的等效电感; R为动圈绕组的等效电阻; 为动圈内驱动 电流; ^为功放输入绕组两端的电压; X为振动台的输出位移 (
故传统的电磁式振动台传递函数为:
Bl
G2(s) = (2)
U0{s) mLs3 +(mR + cL)s2 + Rc + (Bl) +kL s + Rk
Figure imgf000012_0001
式中, 为功率放大器的放大倍数。 式 (3) 中, 参数 c=c+(ff ) + ί反映了系统的阻尼特征,
R m
映了系统的刚度特征。 电磁式振动台安装完成后, ^:和 C均是不易改变的, 且 均与非线性参数 、 c有关, 所以 和 C也具有非线性特征。
本发明中取消了机械式弹性支承装置, 故在式 (1) 中 = 0, c=c2, 振动台 机电耦合方程变为:
mx + c2x = Bli
(4)
L— + Ri + Blx = un
dt 0
式中 主要由空气阻尼产生。 此时电磁式振动台传递函数为
X(s) Bl
G2(s) = (5)
U0(s) mLs3 +(mR + c2L)s2 + Rc2 + (Bl) 同时, 本系统引入了可调电粘弹性支撑装置, 其结构组成如图 4所示。 可 调电粘弹性支撑装置由位移传感器, 第一可调放大器、 第二可调放大器、 微分 器、 可调移相器和加法器、 减法器、 比例调节器等组成。 其实现过程是: 位移 传感器检测电磁式振动台运动部件的位移 X,该位移信号 X一路经第一可调放大 器 (放大倍数 ), 另一路先后经微分器, 第二可调放大器 (放大倍数 K2) 处 理, 这两路处理后的信号经加法器相加, 再经过可调移相器 (放大倍数为 Κ4, 相移 后, 与信号发生器输出的标准信号^进行求差运算, 得偏差信号 ^, 接 着经过比例调节器 (放大倍数 Κ3) 后输出给功率放大器 (放大倍数 Κρ), 驱动 电磁式振动台。
引入可调电粘弹性支撑装置后, 系统模型进一步可简化为如图 5所示。 其 中, 反馈单元的传递函数为
G,{s) = {Kl +K2s)-K4e (6) 令可控移相器相移 = 0, 则:
G3(s) = (Kl +K2s)-K4 (7) 功率放大器传递函数
Figure imgf000013_0001
比例调节器传递函数 G4(s)=K3, 故系统传递函 数为:
G(s) =
U(s)
Bl
mLs3 +(mR + c2L)s2 + Rc2 + (Bl) + K2K3K4KpBl s + K Bl Κ,Κ ΒΙ Bl
R
Figure imgf000013_0002
(8) 由式 (8) 可知, 参数 C = c2 + + KA PBI反映了系统的阻尼特征,
R
'H = 反映了系统的刚度特征。 通过合理设置其中的 K2、 Κ3
R K4, 可以使 。 与式(3)相比,
Figure imgf000014_0001
振动台系统的 和 C参数均未出现非线性参数 、 C 假设磁感应强度 S也是 与位移 X无关的常数,则振动台系统的阻尼特征参数 C和刚度特征参数 为常 数参数, 系统因此具有更好线性; 且通过改变 、 κ2、 κ3、 K4 ,即可使系 统获得合适的阻尼和刚度参数。 特别地, 对于振动台低频、 超低频运动情况, 很小, 故可令式 (1) 中 dt 的 ^ i项为 0。 采用机械式弹性支承装置的振动台机电耦合方程为:
dt
mx -- cx -- kx = Bli , 、
(9)
Ri+Blx = u0 相应地, 振动台系统的传递函数式为:
G(s) = (10)
Figure imgf000014_0002
该系统为典型的单自由度振动系统模型, 其中等效阻尼系数为 C = c +
Figure imgf000014_0003
R
等效刚度系数为 = 电磁式振动台安装完成后, 和 C均是不易改变的, 且均与非线性参数 、 c有关, 所以 和 C也具有非线性特征。
取消机械式弹性支承装置后, 振动台机电耦合方程式 (4) 为:
mx + c2x = Bli
(11) Ri+Blx = u0 引入可调电粘弹性支撑装置后, 振动台系统传递函数为
Figure imgf000014_0004
该系统也为典型的单自由度振动系统模型, 其中等效阻尼系数为 c=Ci+i£ M^ L,等删度系数为 ^ffi^ 主要由空气
R R 阻尼产生, 通过合理设置其中的 κ2、 κ3、 κ4K2K^KpBl »c2 , 从而
C K2K3K4KpBl+(Bl)2。假设磁感应强度 B是与位移 χ无关的常数,则式( 12)
R
中等效刚度和阻尼系数 和 C为常数参数,系统因此具有良好线性,从而可改 善系统性能。 对照式 (10) 和式 (12), 可以更明显地看出, 通过改变可控放 大器、 可控移相器、 比例调节器等的放大倍数, 可直接调节振动台支撑的等效 刚度系数和阻尼系数 和 C。 为解决当工作频率增高时引起振动台输入电压与输出位移出现的相移问 题, 可通过调节可调移相器保证反馈信号与信号源之间的相位差不变。
本说明书实施例所述的内容仅仅是对发明构思的实现形式的列举, 本发明 的保护范围不应当被视为仅限于实施例所陈述的具体形式, 本发明的保护范围 也及于本领域技术人员根据本发明构思所能够想到的等同技术手段。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 具有可调电粘弹性支撑装置的电磁式振动台系统, 包括电磁式振动台和 功率放大器;
其特征在于: 所述的电磁式振动台的支撑装置为可调电粘弹性支撑装置; 所述的可调电粘弹性支撑装置包括监测电磁式振动台运动部件位移的位移传感 器、 第一可调放大器、 第二可调放大器、 微分器、 加法器和可调移相器、 减法 器、 比例调节器;
所述的位移传感器获取的位移信号一路经第一可调放大器形成第一放大信 号, 所述的位移信号另一路依次经微分器和第二可调放大器后形成第二放大信 号, 所述的第一放大信号和第二放大信号经所述的加法器相加形成加信号, 所 述的加信号输入可调移相器中, 可调移相器输出的移相信号作为减数输入减法 器中, 所述的减法器与产生标准信号的信号发生器连接, 所述的标准信号作为 减法器的被减数, 所述的减法器的输出端与比例调节器的输入端连接, 所述的 比例调节器的输出端与功率放大器的输入端连接, 所述的功率放大器的输出信 号作为电磁式振动台的驱动信号;
所 述 的 振 动 台 递 函 数 为
_ X(s)
G(s)
~ U(s)
ΒΙ
mLs3 + (mR + c2L)s2 + Rc2 + (Bl) + K2K3K4KpBl s + K、KJ J Bl KX Bl Bl
R
Figure imgf000016_0001
式中, m 为运动部件及负载的总质量; 为由支承系统以外的其他因素产生的 阻尼, 如空气阻尼; B为工作空气隙的磁感应强度; /为动圈绕组的长度; L为 动圈绕组的等效电感; R 为动圈绕组的等效电阻; 是第一可调放大器的放大 倍数; 是第二可调放大器的放大倍数; 是比例调节器的放大倍数; 是可 调移相器的放大倍数; ^是功率放大器的放大倍数; s=jco, 为复频率; 参数 C = c2 + ( ) +KiKHBl 反映了系统的阻尼特征, 参数
R
K = K^K P Bl反映了系统的刚度特征。
R
2、 如权利要求 1所述的具有可调电粘弹性支撑装置的电磁式振动台系统, 其特征在于: 所述的电磁式振动台在低频和超低频运动情况下, 振动台系统的 传递函数为:
G(,)= ( )=^ Bl
U(s) 3 P mRs2 + [Rc2 + K2K3K4KpBl+(Blf]s + K^K^K^l
Κ,Κ -ΒΙ 1
R K KK pBl+(Blf K JpBl
ms + C H—— ^ ~ £
2 R R 系统等效阻尼系数为 C = c2 + ^) ^Κ Ρ β1 , 系统等效刚度系数为 一 R
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