WO2012148115A2 - 센서 네트워크를 위한 기간망을 제어하는 장치 및 그 방법 - Google Patents
센서 네트워크를 위한 기간망을 제어하는 장치 및 그 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012148115A2 WO2012148115A2 PCT/KR2012/002914 KR2012002914W WO2012148115A2 WO 2012148115 A2 WO2012148115 A2 WO 2012148115A2 KR 2012002914 W KR2012002914 W KR 2012002914W WO 2012148115 A2 WO2012148115 A2 WO 2012148115A2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/24—Accounting or billing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/18—Service support devices; Network management devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/42—Centralised routing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling a backbone network for a sensor network, and more particularly, to an infrastructure and a control apparatus for configuring an infrastructure for a sensor network supporting wide area mobility.
- a smart sensor node that consumes less power, can be produced at a lower cost, and has a smaller size has been realized.
- These sensor nodes are used to measure various environmental factors from the environment.
- a wireless sensor network (WSN) having a self-organizing ability can be established without human support.
- WSN wireless sensor network
- a plurality of sensor nodes may be deployed randomly from an airplane or helicopter, and each wireless node can establish a wireless sensor network using its own wireless communication means.
- Each sensor node in the wireless sensor network acquires the sensing information through the attached sensor and transmits it to the core network through a sink node or gateway to provide a variety of disaster prevention systems and location-based services. It can be applied to the application.
- the core network includes not only a backbone network or an internet network, but also an infrastructure and a network specific to the sensor network service.
- sensor nodes are distinguished by a fixed identifier entered in advance or an identifier assigned from a personal area network (PAN) coordinator.
- PAN personal area network
- the conventional sensor network technology only provides environmental monitoring through data sensing in a local environment. .
- the conventional sensor network control technology cannot support the mobility of the sensor node or services such as registration and release between various types of sensor nodes and gateways, handover, mobility history management, and tracking technology. It is structured. For this reason, location-based services and mobility support using location information are not achieved in a general sensor network indoors and outdoors.
- the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the limitation that the technology for controlling the sensor network focuses on the formation of the network in the local environment so that the identification, registration, and function control between the sensor node and the gateway are not managed in terms of the main network. Overcoming this, it is intended to solve the problem that the global mobility of the sensor node is also limited to the local range.
- the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a control method of a sensor network that protects a backbone network from access of unauthorized sensor nodes.
- the apparatus for controlling the backbone network for a sensor network the service request for the sensor node (sensornode) input from the user by type and interpreted
- a context analyzer configured to generate a session including routing information about the request;
- a sensor node registration unit which stores sensor node information registered in the main network and routing information about the registered sensor node, and provides routing information corresponding to the service request to the context interpreter when the service request is input;
- a gateway which transmits the service request to the registered sensor node using the routing information and receives a response message for the service request from the registered sensor node;
- a message processing unit for transmitting a service request received from the context interpreter to the gateway through the generated session, and providing the response message received from the gateway to the user.
- the apparatus for controlling the backbone network for the sensor network stores registration information and authority information for the user, and transmits an authentication result for the user to the context analysis unit when a service request by the user is input.
- the apparatus further includes a user authentication unit.
- the apparatus for controlling the backbone network for the sensor network may further include an alias analyzer configured to map and store an alias indicating an object of the service request and at least one gateway information corresponding to the alias. And when the service request includes the alias, the context analyzer receives the gateway information corresponding to the alias analyzer by querying the alias.
- an alias analyzer configured to map and store an alias indicating an object of the service request and at least one gateway information corresponding to the alias.
- the context analyzer receives the gateway information corresponding to the alias analyzer by querying the alias.
- the apparatus for controlling the backbone network for the sensor network may further include a sensor node authentication unit which stores information on a sensor node accessible to the backbone network in advance, and when the sensor node accesses the backbone network for registration, The sensor node registration unit determines whether to permit registration by querying the sensor node authentication unit for access authority of the sensor node.
- the apparatus for controlling the backbone network for the sensor network may further include a backbone network setup unit for managing network settings to maintain connection of components included in the backbone network.
- an authentication request for a backbone network including a unique identifier of a sensor node without a backbone network identifier is received from a gateway, and the sensor node and the gateway Storing relationship information of the controller; and checking whether the unique identifier exists in the sensor node authentication unit by inquiring the unique identifier in a previously constructed sensor node authentication unit. If the sensor node authentication unit is present, assigning the basic network identifier to the sensor node, mapping the basic network identifier to relation information of the sensor node and the gateway, and storing the relation information of the mapped sensor node and the gateway. Registering the sensor node; And sending an authentication grant message and the backbone network identifier to the gateway.
- the apparatus for controlling the backbone network for the sensor network described above provides a computer readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for causing a computer to execute a method for controlling each component.
- identification and registration between sensor nodes and gateways can be managed integrally in the backbone network through a backbone network for the sensor network, whereby a plurality of sensor nodes each belong to a heterogeneous sensor network or a wide area of sensor nodes. Even under the condition of movement, the wide area mobility of the sensor node can be controlled / managed through the backbone network without limitation.
- the authentication process of the sensor node can protect the backbone network from access of unauthorized sensor nodes.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an infrastructure for controlling a backbone network for a sensor network according to an embodiment of the present invention in an environment in which embodiments of the present invention are implemented.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for controlling a backbone network for a sensor network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a process of first subscribing to a sensor node under an infrastructure for controlling a backbone network according to FIG. 2.
- 3A is a diagram illustrating an initial subscription and registration procedure of a sensor node according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a flowchart specifically illustrating an initial subscription and registration procedure of FIG. 3A centered on a sensor node register.
- FIG. 3C is a flowchart specifically illustrating the initial subscription and registration procedure of FIG. 3A centered on the gateway.
- FIG. 3D is a flowchart specifically illustrating an initial subscription and registration procedure of FIG. 3A centered on a sensor node.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a process of registering a sensor node under an infrastructure for controlling a backbone network according to FIG. 2.
- 4A is a diagram illustrating a registration procedure of a sensor node according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a process of moving session information to a new gateway (I-GW) according to a movement of a sensor node in service under an infrastructure for controlling a backbone network according to FIG. 2.
- I-GW new gateway
- FIG. 5A illustrates a process of registering a sensor node and moving session information to a new gateway in relation to a new gateway (I-GW) according to the movement of a sensor node in service under the infrastructure controlling the backbone network according to FIG. 2.
- I-GW new gateway
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a series of processes in which a service request of a user is performed under an infrastructure for controlling a backbone network according to FIG. 2.
- An apparatus for controlling a backbone network for a sensor network interprets a service request for a sensor node input from a user for each type, and includes routing information on the interpreted request.
- a context analyzer configured to generate a session;
- a sensor node registration unit which stores sensor node information registered in the main network and routing information about the registered sensor node, and provides routing information corresponding to the service request to the context interpreter when the service request is input;
- a gateway which transmits the service request to the registered sensor node using the routing information and receives a response message for the service request from the registered sensor node;
- a message processing unit for transmitting a service request received from the context interpreter to the gateway through the generated session, and providing the response message received from the gateway to the user.
- the conventional sensor network does not provide an infrastructure structure for the sensor network interoperating with the user application while supporting the wide mobility of the sensor node. Therefore, in the infrastructure of the sensor network presented by the embodiments of the present invention below, the registration and release between various sensor nodes and gateways, handover, movement history management, tracking technology and security, and mobility support infrastructure for supporting mobility of sensor nodes It should be possible to provide a communication protocol between the gateway and the gateway and between the gateway and the sensor network. There is also a need for an infrastructure supporting sophisticated location support code and location-based services (LBS) for location support services.
- LBS location support code and location-based services
- the development and implementation of the infrastructure for the sensor network by facilitating the development, implementation and operation of the sensor node and relay, the development of the gateway that enables the connection of the sensor network and sensor node
- We propose an integrated infrastructure that can provide location services, node mobility support infrastructure and user services.
- the embodiments of the present invention described below define the components and infrastructure of the backbone network control system for the sensor network.
- the backbone network control system adopts the integrated infrastructure to guarantee the wide mobility of the sensor network.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an infrastructure for controlling a backbone network for a sensor network according to an embodiment of the present invention in an environment in which embodiments of the present invention are implemented, wherein the entire integrated system includes a user 10 and an infrastructure structure. It consists of a backbone network 20 and a separate sensor network 30.
- the user 10 may make a service request to a sensor node in the sensor network 30 through the backbone network 20 of the infrastructure, and receive a processing result or a sensing result thereof.
- the premise and detailed functions for achieving the problem to be solved as described above are as follows.
- the user 10 has a protocol or interface that can communicate with the backbone network 20. Through this protocol or interface, the user 10 may create and request a service for a sensor node.
- the service request of the user may be divided into various types, and may be at least one of an on-demand request, a periodic request, and an event-driven request.
- Those skilled in the art can recognize that various types of service requests may be utilized in addition to the types of service requests exemplified above.
- the sensor network in order to effectively support the wide area mobility of the sensor network, it is possible for embodiments of the present invention to refer to the sensor network as any alias.
- These aliases represent regions or groups to which they belong, and one alias may include at least one sensor network or sensor node.
- a user may refer to a sensor node set (eg, 'sensor group # 17') or a specific name (eg, 'Korea University' or 'Anam-dong'). You can request a service through).
- the user may request to store a history of the service result or check the charging information for the service request.
- Sensor network 30 refers to a collection of sensor nodes with a unique identifier.
- FIG. 1 exemplifies an ubiquitous sensor network (USN), in the embodiment of the present invention, a network based on various wired / wireless sensors as well as the USN standard may be utilized in constructing and implementing such a sensor network 30. .
- USN ubiquitous sensor network
- Sensor nodes constituting the sensor network 30 each form a group of networks according to a unique network formation rule, and communication means (named I-GW in FIG. 1) provided in the backbone network 20 of the infrastructure. It has the appropriate protocol and communication interface to communicate with it.
- the communication means provided in the backbone network 20 may be a device serving as a PAN coordinator, and both are communication protocols defined in the USN standard. Depending on the mutual communication is possible. Through this protocol, the sensor node can be given a backbone network identifier generated by the backbone network 20 and register itself with the backbone network 20.
- the sensor node performs an initial subscription through the I-GW of the backbone network 20 prior to performing the request of the backbone network 20 of the infrastructure (more precisely, the service requested by the user 10). You must perform a subscription.
- subscription refers to a process of registering a corresponding sensor node in the main network for the first time before the main network still recognizes the sensor node in the sensor network.
- general information of the sensor node (which may be a service type or service capability) is registered in the infrastructure network 20 of the infrastructure, and the sensor node is a network identifier within the infrastructure network 20. And network and I-GW information.
- the sensor node is newly registered in the backbone network 20 each time the I-GW changes during the movement (that is, the movement between independent individual sensor networks 30) in order to ensure the wide mobility. Should go through.
- the sensing information of the sensor node may include physical location values according to various positioning methods.
- a sensor node belonging to one sensor network moves to another sensor network under this structure.
- the backbone network 20 of the infrastructure defines the functions of the components constituting the infrastructure and the interfaces between the components. Through this, the backbone network 20 connects the user 10 and the sensor network 30 and provides various functions to support wide area mobility.
- each component and providing function included in the backbone network 20 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 2.
- FIGS. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for controlling a backbone network 20 for a sensor network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the individual components in the main network 20 to be described below are to use the English abbreviation for the following Korean terms and technical expressions of the corresponding functions.
- the numbers in parentheses refer to member numbers used consistently throughout FIGS. 2 to 6.
- I-GW Infra-architecture gateway
- LNI Location name interpreter
- I-CM Infra-structure configuration management
- the lowercase English letters added to the connections between the respective components indicate a communication interface for communication between the two components.
- the context interpreter (SCI) 21 interprets a service request for a sensor node input from the user 10 for each type, and includes a session including routing information on the interpreted request. Create a session. To this end, the context analyzer 21 receives a service request for the sensor node of the user 10 through the interface bu, and responds to the user 10 with a result of performing the service request. When a service request of the user 10 occurs, the context analyzer 21 may authenticate the access authority for the sensor node to the user authentication unit (AAA) 25 through the interface sa.
- AAA user authentication unit
- the context interpreter 21 via the interface sr or interface sl, respectively, according to the service request type, the sensor node register (SLR) 22 or alias resolver (LNI) 26, respectively. Routing information of the sensor node can be obtained from the.
- the context interpreter 21 generates a unique session in the backbone network 20 of the infrastructure including sensor node routing information related to the request for the user request for which the authentication is completed.
- the generated session information includes address information and service request information of each component for connecting the user 10, the message processor ATH 24, and the sensor network 30. Now, the context interpreter 21 maintains the generated session information and delivers it to the message processor ATH 24 via the interface st.
- the context analyzer 21 should inform the user 10 of the charging result according to the service request through the user authentication unit (AAA) 25. A more detailed process will be described later through the user authentication unit (AAA) 25.
- the sensor node register (SLR) 22 stores sensor node information registered in the backbone network 20 and routing information for the registered sensor nodes, and when a service request is input from the user 10, a context interpreter (SCI) ( 21, routing information corresponding to the service request is provided.
- the sensor node register (SLR) 22 stores / manages general information about the sensor node (for example, may be a service type of the sensor node and a type of sensor), and contexts.
- the interpreter (SCI) 21 requests routing information for the sensor node, it should be able to provide gateway (I-GW) 23 information in response. Accordingly, the sensor node register 22 may store, manage, and modify routing information of the sensor node.
- the sensor node registration unit (SLR) 22 stores information on the service type and service capability of the sensor node to be subscribed to when the sensor node is first subscribed. Subsequently, the sensor node register (SLR) 22 provides the routing information corresponding to the service request to the context interpreter (SCI) 21 by mapping and storing the gateway to which the sensor node is connected and the backbone network identifier assigned to the sensor node. Can be. That is, the sensor node registration unit (SLR) 22 mutually interacts with the sensor node authentication unit (MD) 27 through the interface rm when an initial subscription request for the sensor node is received from the gateway (I-GW) 23. By checking the access authority of the backbone network 20 of the sensor node, the result is notified to the gateway (I-GW) 23 through the interface rg.
- the sensor node registration unit (SLR) 22 may register or update the corresponding routing information when the sensor node that is already subscribed first requests registration.
- the object of registration or update at this time is preferably limited to only routing information, not entire information about the sensor node.
- the gateway (I-GW) 23 uses this routing information to register the service request from the user 10 in the backbone network 10 (more accurately, the sensor node register (SLR) 22). It transmits to a sensor node and receives a response message for a service request from a registered sensor node.
- the gateway (I-GW) 23 is a connection means for connecting the main network 20 and the sensor network 30 to become a window.
- the gateway (I-GW) 23 may include the functionality of a PAN coordinator. This structure allows sensor nodes to form their own sensor network through interaction with the gateway (I-GW) 23 irrespective of the backbone network 20.
- this gateway (I-GW) 23 may be implemented as a PAN coordinator according to the ubiquitous sensor network (USN) standard. However, gateway (I-GW) 23 forwards the request message from backbone network 20 to sensor network 30, as well as the functionality of a conventional PAN coordinator, and sends a response back to backbone backbone 20 (more accurately). Denotes a message processing unit (ATH) 24).
- the gateway (I-GW) 23 may have multiple communication channels to support various types of sensor networks 30.
- the gateway I-GW 23 may support an initial subscription (interface bn) of the sensor node via the interface bn.
- the gateway (I-GW) 23 forwards this subscription request to the sensor node register (SLR) 22. If the initial subscription is successfully completed through the sensor node register (SLR) 22, the sensor node is the identifier of the backbone network 20 and the gateway (I-GW) 23 and the backbone network of the sensor node granted from the backbone network 20. The identifier is known.
- the gateway (I-GW) 23 may support registration for the sensor node for which the initial subscription is completed.
- the gateway (I-GW) 23 forwards this registration request to the sensor node registration unit (SLR) 22.
- the gateway (I-GW) 23 preferably broadcasts the identification information of the backbone network 20 and the gateway (I-GW) 23 periodically. Once the initial subscription is completed, the sensor node can detect movement through this broadcasting signal, and transmit a registration request to the backbone network 20 as necessary.
- I-GWs gateways
- the message processing unit (ATH) 24 forwards the service request received from the context interpreter (SCI) 21 to the gateway (I-GW) 23 through a session created through the context interpreter (SCI) 21. Then, the response message received from the gateway (I-GW) 23 is provided to the user 10.
- the received response message may be sensing information collected by the sensor node and result information added thereto, and the message processing unit (ATH) 24 collects and stores these information as necessary and then stores the user 10. ) Can be delivered.
- the message processing unit (ATH) 24 transmits the service request received from the context analysis unit (SCI) 21 through the interface tg to the gateway (I-GW) 23, and vice versa.
- the sensing information received from the GW 23 is transmitted to the user 10 through the session bu and the interface bu, which are already generated and maintained.
- the message processing unit (ATH) 24 notifies the gateway (I-GW) 23 of the end of the session, thereby causing the gateway (I-GW) 23 to terminate. Stop data sensing and reception. That is, unnecessary waste of power and resources is prevented.
- the message processing unit (ATH) 24 notifies the user authentication unit (AAA) 25 of the end of the session, thereby causing the user authentication unit (AAA) 25 to charge for using the service in accordance with a pre-set billing policy. Make sure that you account. Then, the context analysis unit (SCI) 21 provides the determined fee to the user 10. The process of determining the service fee is described in more detail below.
- the user authentication unit (AAA) 25 stores registration information and authority information for the user 10, and when a service request by the user 10 is inputted, a context analysis unit for the authentication result of the user 10. (SCI) 21 to pass.
- the authority information may include accessibility to the sensor node and a charging policy according to service use. Therefore, when the session is terminated because the execution of the service requested by the user 10 is completed as described above, the message processing unit (ATH) 24 notifies the user authentication unit (AAA) 25 of the termination of the session. Inform the user authentication unit (AAA) 25 to determine a fee for using the service according to the charging policy included in the stored authority information.
- the user authentication unit (AAA) 25 stores and manages user registration information, authentication information, accessibility to a sensor node, and charging policy information when using a service. Therefore, the user authentication unit (AAA) 25 utilizes the authentication information of the user's authority to register, manage, and release the user information, and sets a fee for using the service at the end of the service through a billing table. Use it as a basis.
- the sensor node authentication unit (MD) 27 stores information on sensor nodes accessible to the backbone network 20 in advance. Such information is preferably set and stored in advance by the provider of the sensor node. Therefore, the infrastructure system manager records the sensor nodes that can access the backbone network 20 of the infrastructure in the sensor node authentication unit (MD) 27 through an agreement with the sensor node provider.
- the sensor node register (SLR) 22 queries the sensor node authenticator (MD) 27 for the access authority of the sensor node. Thereafter, the sensor node authenticator (MD) 27 checks whether the corresponding sensor node is accessible through a list of allowable sensor nodes stored in advance, and responds to the sensor node register (SLR) 22 by checking the result. You can decide whether to allow registration.
- the alias resolution unit (LNI) 26 maps and stores an alias indicating an object for the service request of the user 10 and at least one gateway information corresponding to the alias.
- the alias interpreter (LNI) 26 may be a specific region (for example, may be 'Korea University') or an object (for example, 'bus 7000' or 'yes call taxi'). Save and manage specific alias assigned to).
- the alias interpreter 26 may store coordinate values for the alias.
- the target of the alias may be at least one, and when the alias refers to a specific region, the alias may be composed of a plurality of groups of coordinate values.
- the context resolver (SCI) 21 queries the alias resolver (LNI) 26 via the interface si, and the alias resolver (LNI). ) 26 may search its mapping table to find gateway information corresponding to the mapping table and return the gateway information to the context analysis unit (SCI) 21.
- the returned gateway information may be a list of at least one gateway address.
- the detailed components constituting the backbone network 20 of the infrastructure have been described based on their respective roles and functions.
- a separate device capable of managing the backbone network 20 itself may be utilized.
- Such a device is an I-CM 28.
- the main network setting unit (I-CM) 28 manages network settings to maintain the connection of the components included in the main network 20. More specifically, the main network setting unit (I-CM) 28 manages the network addresses for the respective components and the internal configuration, and maintains the connection through the interface between the respective components. Further, the main network setting unit (I-CM) 28 detects the components of the main network 20 and abnormal symptoms or failures in the main network 20 to recover from such abnormal conditions and configurations, and to perform self-configuration. Should be possible. For example, if the network address allocation for each component is restarted due to a network failure, the address may be reassigned according to an appropriate protocol or rule, and it is difficult to request and provide a normal service due to the failure or abnormal symptoms. If so, it is necessary to isolate the address area.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a process of first subscribing to a sensor node under an infrastructure for controlling a backbone network according to FIG. 2, and the detailed operation thereof is as follows.
- sensor node 35 sends an initial subscription request to gateway (I-GW) 23.
- the gateway (I-GW) 23 then forwards this initial subscription request back to the sensor node register (SLR) 22.
- the sensor node registration unit (SLR) 22 queries the sensor node authentication unit (MD) 27 to confirm whether the sensor node has access to the backbone network.
- the sensor node register (SLR) 22 sends the grant result to the sensor node 35 through the gateway (I-GW) 23. To pass).
- 3A is a diagram illustrating an initial subscription and registration procedure of a sensor node according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the initial subscription procedure of a sensor node includes a sensor node 35, a gateway 23, a sensor node register (SLR, network registration server, 22), and a sensor node authentication unit (sensor node authentication information database). , Master Directory (hereinafter referred to as MD), 27).
- MD Master Directory
- the sensor node 35 may form a relationship with the gateway 23 and communicate with the sensor node identifier from the gateway to communicate with the backbone network.
- the above procedure is referred to as a relationship establishment procedure.
- Relationships are established when the sensor node is powered up or moved to join a new sensor network.
- the gateway periodically transmits radio beacon signals to the sensor node to inform the sensor node of its presence.
- the radio label signal may be a beacon message.
- the beacon message contains not only the beacons in the standard, but also a signal for the gateway to announce its existence in the case of establishing a relationship with the backbone network for initial subscription, registration, and roaming of the sensor node.
- the sensor node may receive a beacon message of the gateway in order to participate in the sensor network and transmit a relationship establishment request message including a unique identifier of the sensor node to the gateway to form a relationship with the gateway.
- the unique identifier of the sensor node may use a media access control (MAC) ID.
- MAC media access control
- the gateway Upon receiving the relationship request message of the sensor node, the gateway allocates a Personal Area Network (PAN) ID and a sensor node identifier to the sensor node and transmits a relationship formation approval message including the PAN ID and the sensor node identifier to the sensor node. Can be.
- PAN Personal Area Network
- the relationship is established between the gateway and the sensor node by the sensor node receiving a relationship establishment approval message and sending an ACK (Acknowledge) message to the gateway.
- ACK Acknowledge
- Embodiments of the present invention relating to relationship establishment will be described as embodiments in two types of environments.
- One embodiment is a method for establishing a relationship in a sensor network environment of a 'Star Topology' type.
- Star Topology refers to an environment in which multiple devices form one hop in one coordinator.
- the sensor nodes operate in the channel scanning mode to access the network. If the sensor nodes receive the coordinator's beacon message, the sensor nodes perform the scan. Can be.
- the coordinator that has transmitted the relationship forming request message may generate a sensor node identifier and transmit a relationship forming approval message including the sensor node identifier to the sensor node.
- the sensor node that has received the relationship establishment approval message may complete the relationship establishment procedure by storing the sensor node identifier in a storage medium and transmitting an ACK to the gateway.
- the coordinator may be a gateway or a sink node having an interface with the gateway.
- the coordinator may check whether the sensor node identifier has already been assigned by checking the mapping table in which the unique identifier of the sensor node is mapped with the sensor node identifier and stored in order to avoid the assignment of duplicate sensor node identifiers. As a result of the check, if no assignment has been made, a new sensor node identifier may be generated and stored in the mapping table, and the sensor node identifier may be transmitted to the sensor node to avoid duplication of the sensor node identifier.
- an interrupt may occur when the sensor node receives a beacon message from the new coordinator.
- the coordinator address in the received beacon message By comparing the coordinator address in the received beacon message with the address of the coordinator of the sensor node, it may be determined that it is connected to another network and stored with an eventFlag. The sensor node can then form a relationship with the new sensor network.
- Another embodiment of establishing a relationship is a method of establishing a relationship in a sensor network environment of a 'Simple Tree' or 'Cluser Tree Topology' type.
- a simple tree or a cluster tree type refers to an environment in which routing is supported and a network is formed with one or more multi-hop ad-hoc.
- standard beacon messages are not sent to sensor nodes on two or three hops.
- the coordinator may periodically transmit a routing message to the surroundings. The routing message is included in the broad beacon message of the present invention.
- the routing message When the routing message is received by the 1-hop sensor nodes that have already been established, it is possible to add 1 to the hop of the field of the routing message, store its sensor node identifier, and forward it to the 2-hop sensor node.
- the broadcast storm phenomenon can be suppressed by storing the sensor node identifier and deleting the message when the received sensor node identifier is the same.
- 2 hop sensor nodes receive the forwarded routing message, it determines whether the coordinator address of the routing message is different from the coordinator address of its own, is better than the signal quality of the existing network, and the number of its own hops is less than the maximum hop number If the above condition is satisfied, it can be determined that the device has been moved.
- the request message including the unique identifier of the sensor node may be transmitted to the coordinator (via a routing path) through the 1 hop sensor node forwarded to the routing message.
- the coordinator may assign a sensor node identifier and transmit a relationship forming approval message including the sensor node identifier to the two hop sensor nodes through the routing path.
- the two-hop sensor node that receives the relationship establishment approval message stores a sensor node identifier and transmits an ACK to the coordinator through a routing path, and the coordinator receiving the ACK adds the sensor node to the node list. You can finish.
- only a sensor node having a backbone network identifier can communicate with the backbone network.
- the sensor node 35 without a backbone network identifier may make an initial subscription request to the backbone network through a gateway in order to receive a backbone network identifier.
- the backbone network may use the unique identifier to determine whether the sensor node is allowed to subscribe.
- Media ID can be used as a unique identifier.
- the sensor node 35 may send an initial subscription request including the MAC ID to the gateway 23.
- the gateway 23 may transmit the first subscription request of the received sensor node to the sensor node register 22.
- the sensor node register SLR 22 may be a home location register.
- the sensor node register may store relationship information between the gateway and the sensor node that has received the initial subscription request, and may inquire the MAC ID of the sensor node to the pre-established MD 27 to confirm the access authority of the sensor node.
- the MD 27 may be included in the sensor node register 22 or may be implemented as a separate device. If implemented separately, the sensor node register 22 may transmit an initial subscription request including the MAC ID of the sensor node to the MD 27.
- the MD 27 may check the MAC ID of the sensor node against the MAC IDs registered in advance by the sensor node providers in the MD 27.
- the sensor node that has passed the conformity check may be assigned a backbone network identifier, and a subscription grant message including the backbone network identifier may be transmitted to the sensor node register 22.
- the sensor node registration unit 22 may register the sensor node 35 by mapping the received backbone network identifier to the pre-stored relationship information between the gateway 23 and the sensor node 35 and storing the mapped relationship information.
- the sensor node register 22 may transmit a subscription grant message including the backbone network identifier to the gateway 23.
- the gateway 23 receiving the subscription message may store sensor network information, a sensor node identifier, and a main network identifier of the sensor node, and transmit a subscription grant message including the main network identifier to the sensor node.
- the sensor node 35 may send an acknowledgment (ACK) to the gateway 23 in response.
- ACK acknowledgment
- the sensor node 35 granted with the main network identifier may communicate with the main network.
- FIG. 3A the initial subscription procedure of the sensor node for the sensor network has been described.
- 3B to 3D each step performed by the sensor node, the gateway, and the sensor node register will be described in detail.
- FIG. 3B is a flowchart specifically illustrating an initial subscription and registration procedure of FIG. 3A centered on a sensor node register.
- the sensor node register receives an initial subscription request from the gateway, and stores relationship information between the sensor node and the gateway.
- the sensor node registration unit registers the sensor node by storing information about the sensor node as a server that registers information about the sensor node communicating with the backbone network.
- access to the backbone network must be verified through a conformance check.
- the sensor node register receives from the gateway an initial subscription request for the backbone network that includes the unique identifier of the sensor node without the backbone network identifier.
- the unique identifier of the sensor node is needed to perform conformance check using the unique identifier.
- the sensor node register stores relationship information between the sensor node and the gateway before performing the conformance check.
- Step 312 is a step of checking whether the unique identifier exists in the sensor node authentication unit.
- the sensor node authentication unit stores information on unique identifiers of the respective sensor nodes that are registered in advance so that the sensor node providers can access the backbone network.
- the sensor node authentication unit may exist in the main network as a separate device from the sensor node registration unit, or may be included in the sensor node registration unit.
- the sensor node registration unit checks whether the unique identifier exists in the sensor node authentication unit by inquiring the unique identifier in the previously constructed sensor node authentication unit.
- the network node identifier is assigned to the sensor node according to the inspection result in operation 312.
- the main network identifier is assigned to the sensor node.
- the backbone network may subscribe access to the backbone network if the unique identifier of the sensor node exists in the sensor node authentication section, and block access if it does not exist.
- the backbone network can know the information of the sensor node provider. By using the information of the provider and the sensor node, effective tolling for the use of the main network of the sensor node provider may be possible.
- Step 314 maps the given backbone network identifier to the relationship information between the sensor node and the gateway, and stores the relationship information between the mapped sensor node and the gateway and registers the sensor node.
- the network node identifier assigned in step 313 is mapped to the relationship information between the sensor node and the gateway, and the sensor node is registered in the sensor node register by storing the relationship information between the mapped sensor node and the gateway. .
- the sensor node register stores the information on the authenticated sensor node through the relationship information with the gateway and registers the sensor node in the server.
- the network registration sensor can communicate with the backbone network without a new initial subscription procedure.
- the sensor node register may provide a registration and roaming service by using the registered information of the sensor node when the sensor node needs to be registered or roams.
- the sensor node register transmits a subscription grant message including the backbone network identifier to the gateway.
- the authentication node transmits a subscription grant message including the granted backbone network identifier to the sensor node.
- a subscription grant message including the granted backbone network identifier to the sensor node.
- an initial subscription procedure of the sensor node register is terminated by transmitting to the gateway to which the sensor node is connected.
- the sensor node registration unit may include a communication unit for communication and a registration unit for storing and registering a sensor node unique identifier.
- the communication unit may be implemented through a wireless communication unit, a wired communication unit, or a communication interface.
- the registration means may be implemented in various storage media such as RAM, ROM, or hard disk inside or outside the sensor node register.
- the sensor node authenticator may be included in the sensor node register or implemented as a separate device.
- a processing means for checking the suitability of the sensor node may be included in the sensor node register, the processing means may be implemented through a processor and a memory.
- FIG. 3C is a flowchart specifically illustrating the initial subscription and registration procedure of FIG. 3A centered on the gateway.
- step 321 the gateway receives an initial subscription request for the backbone network from the sensor node and transmits it to the sensor node register.
- a gateway is a device that acts as an entrance from one network to another. Like local area networks, it is used to connect one network to another. Different networks may have different communication protocols, and it is difficult to communicate directly between networks having different protocols.
- the gateway acts as an intermediary to allow communication between networks with different communication protocols.
- the gateway is responsible for reconstructing and changing the received data to make the data available to the gateway to communicate with.
- the gateway receives an initial subscription request from the sensor node for the backbone network that includes the sensor node's unique identifier and the sensor node identifier.
- the unique identifier is used for authentication in the sensor node authentication unit, and the sensor node identifier is used for communication between the sensor node and the gateway.
- the gateway sends an initial subscription request for the backbone network including the received unique identifier to the sensor node register.
- the gateway may serve as an intermediary for the initial subscription procedure between the sensor node and the sensor node registry.
- the gateway receives a subscription message from the sensor node register, stores information of the sensor node, a sensor node identifier, and a backbone network identifier, and transmits a subscription message to the sensor node.
- the gateway receives from the sensor node register a subscription grant message that includes the backbone network identifier.
- the backbone network identifier is assigned to a sensor node which has been authenticated using a unique identifier by a sensor node authentication unit that is built in advance.
- the sensor node registration unit transmits the given backbone network identifier to the gateway by including the subscription message.
- the gateway stores sensor network information, sensor node identifier, and backbone network identifier information of the sensor node. The stored information can be used to distinguish sensor nodes and to mediate communication with the backbone network.
- the gateway also sends a subscription message to the sensor node that includes the backbone network identifier.
- the gateway may communicate with the sensor node after receiving the acknowledgment message from the sensor node after transmitting the subscription grant message.
- the gateway may include communication means for communication, storage means for storing sensor node information, and the like, and the communication means may be implemented through a wireless communication means, a wired communication means, or a communication interface.
- the storage means may be implemented in various storage media such as RAM, ROM, or hard disk inside or outside the gateway.
- FIG. 3D is a flowchart specifically illustrating an initial subscription and registration procedure of FIG. 3A centered on a sensor node.
- step 331 it is determined whether a sensor network has a main network identifier.
- the backbone network identifier is an identifier given to the sensor node that has passed the conformity check of the sensor node authenticator.
- the sensor node authentication unit checks whether the sensor node is suitable for the main network to which the sensor node communicates, and then assigns the main network identifier to the appropriate sensor node.
- the backbone network identifier is intended to block access to the backbone network for unauthorized sensor nodes. The quality of the sensor network can be improved by blocking the access of unauthorized sensor nodes.
- the sensor node may have a storage medium inside or outside.
- the sensor node may store the backbone network identifier on the storage medium.
- the backbone network identifier may make the operation impossible to increase the efficiency.
- the backbone network identifier may be generated through encryption, or the backbone network identifier may be generated using a unique identifier of the sensor node.
- the sensor node may store the backbone network identifier in a storage medium, and determine whether the sensor node has the backbone network identifier to communicate with through the gateway. If there is a backbone network identifier, the registration process may proceed to the sensor node register of the backbone network. If already registered and communicating, the above procedure may not be performed.
- the sensor node transmits an initial subscription request for the backbone network including the sensor node unique identifier and the sensor node identifier to the gateway.
- the sensor node should be given a backbone network identifier for communicating with the backbone network.
- the sensor node sends an initial subscription request for the backbone network including the sensor node unique identifier and the sensor node identifier to the gateway to which the relationship is established, to be given the backbone network identifier.
- the sensor node has a unique identifier given by the provider at the time of manufacture.
- the unique identifier is a unique identifier of the corresponding sensor node.
- the backbone network may check whether the sensor node is suitable for the backbone network.
- Media ID can be used as a unique identifier.
- identifiers may be used to distinguish each sensor node, such as a serial number.
- an identifier of only the sensor node may be generated and used as a unique identifier.
- the sensor node identifier is an identifier for communication between the sensor node and the gateway.
- the sensor node identifier is used to communicate between the sensor node and the gateway.
- a sensor node without a backbone network identifier sends an initial subscription request for the backbone network including the unique identifier and the sensor node identifier to a gateway.
- the gateway acts as an intermediary through which sensor nodes communicate with the backbone network. You can use a sink node instead of a gateway.
- the sensor node receives a subscription grant message including a backbone network identifier from the gateway.
- the sensor node authentication unit performs a suitability check using a unique identifier for a sensor node without a backbone network identifier, and a subscription grant message including the backbone network identifier is assigned to the sensor node determined to be suitable.
- the sensor node receives from the gateway a subscription message that includes the backbone network identifier.
- the sensor node authentication unit authenticates the backbone network identifier from the sensor node authentication unit through the unique identifier transmitted to the gateway.
- the initial subscription procedure for the sensor node's network is terminated.
- the sensor node may receive the subscription grant message and send the received message to the gateway.
- the sensor node may send an acknowledgment (ACK) to the gateway.
- ACK acknowledgment
- the sensor node may be composed of a communication means and a storage means for communicating with the initial subscription request, and the communication means may be implemented through a wireless communication means, and the communication protocol is used for ad hoc communication between the sensor nodes or connection with a general-purpose network. Any communication protocol used can be used.
- the storage means may be implemented in various storage media such as RAM, ROM, or hard disk inside or outside the sensor node.
- the sensor node may perform a preliminary procedure of initial subscription to the backbone network under the infrastructure adopted by the present embodiment through a series of operations.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a process of registering a sensor node under an infrastructure for controlling a backbone network according to FIG. 2, wherein 23A and 23A are respectively assigned to a gateway I-GW before and a gateway I-GW after the movement. The member number of 23B was assigned.
- the gateway (I-GW) 23A before the movement and the gateway (I-GW) 23B after the movement broadcast their own backbone network information and identification information of the gateway, respectively.
- the sensor node 35 has moved out of the sensor network connected to the gateway (I-GW) 23A before the movement and moved to the sensor network already connected to the gateway (I-GW) 23B after the movement.
- both gateways 23A and 23B broadcast their own information, only the information broadcast from the gateway (I-GW) 23B after the movement will arrive at the corresponding sensor node 35. . That is, the sensor node 35 receives only gateway network information and gateway identification information of the gateway (I-GW) 23B after the movement.
- the sensor node 35 can now recognize the gateway (I-GW) 23B after the move and can proceed with registration based on the received information.
- the sensor node 35 transmits a registration request to the gateway (I-GW) 23B after the move, and the gateway (I-GW) 23B after the move sends the registration request received again to the sensor node register (SLR) 22. To be sent).
- the sensor node register (SLR) 22 then records / updates the movement history by modifying the routing database for the sensor node 35. As described above, since the sensor node 35 may have already completed the initial subscription, it is sufficient to record only the information about the gateway (I-GW) 23B after the movement in the registration process.
- the sensor node registration unit (SLR) 22 notifies the gateway (I-GW) 23A before the movement of the movement result, and the gateway (I-GW) 23B after the movement. Answer the registration result. Finally, the sensor node 35 receives the registration result from the gateway (I-GW) 23B after the movement, thereby completing the movement of the sensor node 35.
- the sensor node register (SLR) 22 records and tracks a wide area movement by updating gateway information changed according to the movement of the sensor node. .
- 4A is a diagram illustrating a registration procedure of a sensor node according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the registration procedure of the sensor node may be performed through the sensor node 35, the gateway 23, and the home location register 22.
- the backbone network may support the registration of sensor nodes to manage the network or location of authorized sensor nodes.
- the sensor node may perform the registration procedure when the sensor node power is turned on / off, by a periodic beacon message of the gateway, or when moving to another sensor network.
- the sensor node 35 may establish a relationship and be assigned a sensor node identifier through communication with the gateway 23 in order to communicate with the backbone network. Relationship establishment corresponds to the description in FIG. 3A and is replaced by the description of relationship in FIG. 3A.
- the sensor node sends a registration request to the gateway including the sensor node identifier and the main network identifier of the sensor node to the gateway with which the relationship is established.
- the gateway receiving the registration request may store the mapping information of the sensor node identifier and the main network identifier of the sensor node, and transmit the registration request to the sensor node register.
- the sensor node register that receives the registration request may register the sensor node in the server by storing the relationship information between the gateway and the sensor node.
- the sensor node register that registers the sensor node may transmit a registration approval message to the gateway.
- the gateway may receive the registration approval message, store sensor network information, sensor node identifier, and backbone network identifier of the sensor node, and transmit the registration approval message to the sensor node.
- the sensor node receiving the registration approval message may transmit an acknowledgment (ACK) to the gateway in response.
- ACK acknowledgment
- the sensor node registered through the above procedure may communicate with the backbone network.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a process of moving session information to a new gateway (I-GW) according to the movement of a sensor node in service under the infrastructure controlling the backbone network according to FIG. 2. The situation is assumed immediately after this is completed.
- I-GW new gateway
- the gateway (I-GW) 23A before the move requests the sensor node register (SLR) 22 to transfer the session information.
- the sensor node registration unit (SLR) 22 searches its own routing database and checks the address of the sensor node 35. If the routing database is not updated with only the latest data, but tracks all the changes made by the movement of the sensor node, the address of the current sensor node 35 is determined by checking the most recent destination of the routing database. It can be secured. Then, the sensor node register (SLR) 22 transfers the session information to the gateway (I-GW) 23B after the movement according to the search result.
- the gateway 23A before the move requests the sensor node register (SLR) 22 to move the session information, and according to this request, the sensor node register (SLR) 22 moves after the move.
- the transfer of the session information to the changed gateway 23B manages the movement of the session information.
- FIG. 5A illustrates a process of registering a sensor node and moving session information to a new gateway in relation to a new gateway (I-GW) according to the movement of a sensor node in service under the infrastructure controlling the backbone network according to FIG. 2.
- I-GW new gateway
- the roaming procedure of a sensor node includes a sensor node 35, a gateway before movement (gateway connected to the sensor node before roaming, 23A), and a gateway changed after movement (roaming with the sensor node by roaming).
- the connection may be made through the connected gateway 23B and the sensor node register 22.
- the backbone network may provide a roaming method to maintain the session in consideration of the mobility of the sensor node and the quality of service of the user.
- the sensor node 130 may be fixed, but the gateway for moving and communicating with the backbone network may be changed. If the sensor node is moved during data communication with the backbone network through the gateway, roaming is required so that the communication is not interrupted.
- the sensor node moves and communicates with the gateway 23A before the move, and changes to the changed gateway 23B after the move, and the connection is lost, the session information must be maintained and registered through the changed gateway immediately after the move. You can keep the information you were communicating with. If the sensor node moves and is disconnected, the sensor node can request registration with the changed gateway after the newly connected move. The registration process of FIG. 4A is performed until the sensor node register receives the registration request.
- the sensor node register may determine the movement of the sensor node by receiving the registration request and confirming relationship information between the sensor node and the gateway before the movement. Since the sensor node register stores and registers information with the gateway for each sensor node, the gateway information may be compared to determine whether the gateway is changed as the sensor node is moved. If it is determined that the gateway has been changed, the sensor node register may receive session information from the gateway before the movement and transmit the session information to the changed gateway after the movement in order to maintain the session information of the sensor node. The sensor node registration unit may transmit a registration information update request of the roaming sensor node to the gateway before the movement.
- the gateway before the movement may transmit the session information of the roaming sensor node to the sensor node register, and delete the information of the sensor node to terminate communication with the sensor node.
- the sensor node register may include session information of the sensor node received from the gateway before the movement in the registration approval message and transmit the session information of the sensor node to the changed gateway after the movement.
- the gateway changed after the movement may store the session information, the sensor node identifier, and the main network identifier, and transmit a registration approval message to the sensor node.
- the sensor node receiving the registration approval message may transmit an acknowledgment (ACK) to the gateway in response.
- ACK acknowledgment
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a series of processes in which a service request of a user is performed under an infrastructure for controlling a backbone network according to FIG. 2.
- the user 10 inputs a service request to the context analysis unit (SCI) 21.
- the service request may be at least one of an on-demand request, a periodic request, and an event-driven request. If the authorization authentication is confirmed by the user authentication unit (AAA) 25, the context analysis unit (SCI) 21 requests the routing information for the sensor node from the sensor node registration unit (SLR) 22, and responds to it. Receive When the above process is completed, the context analysis unit (SCI) 21 creates a session.
- the context interpreter (SCI) 21 now passes the information about the created session to the message processor (ATH) 24, and the message processor (ATH) 24 is the gateway (I-GW) corresponding to the service request.
- the sensor node may request sensing.
- the sensing result is generated by the activity in the sensor network 30 performed according to the sensing request of the gateway (I-GW) 23.
- the sensor nodes respond to the sensing information to the gateway (I-GW) 23.
- the gateway (I-GW) 23 forwards the received sensing information back to the message processor (ATH) 24.
- the message processing unit (ATH) 24 collects or stores the received sensing information, processes it appropriately, and delivers the result of performing the service request to the user 10.
- the sensor nodes by performing authentication and registration of the sensor node and tracking and updating the connection relationship with the gateway through the backbone network for the sensor network, identification and registration between the sensor node and the gateway are integrated in the backbone network. Therefore, even in a situation where a plurality of sensor nodes belong to heterogeneous sensor networks or wide movement of sensor nodes is performed, the sensor nodes can be registered, located and tracked for each sensor node. The wide mobility of the network can be controlled / managed through the backbone network without restriction.
- a sensor network that is currently sporadically developed may be absorbed into an open infrastructure.
- the wide area of the network can be faithfully supported, and at the same time, it is easy to develop the access network by the standardized access standard.
- the conventional location-based service has a limitation of precision and coverage (for example, it is impossible to provide a service considering the linkage between the location in the building and the outside location), and utilizes the proposed infrastructure system.
- the embodiments of the present invention can be realized in the logistics service by providing mobility and location information at the wide-area level, so that the service of monitoring the movement of the vehicle, confirming the location of the logistics, and tracking the moving object can be realized. have.
- the sensor node register SLR of the apparatus for controlling the backbone network for the sensor network may register and manage node information of the sensor node.
- the gateway broadcasts a node information request to the gateway region sensor node to register node information of a sensor node, and the sensor node receives the node information request, and correspondingly, an identifier of the sensor node. And node information including an identifier of a home gateway to which the sensor node originally belongs, to the gateway.
- the gateway registers node information of the sensor node to the sensor node register that registers and manages node information of the gateway region sensor node.
- the sensor node registration unit includes a home location information server that registers and manages node information of sensor nodes whose gateways are home gateways, and a visited location information server that registers and manages node information of visited sensor nodes moved to the gateway area. It may include.
- the gateway registers the node information in the home location information server. If the sensor node is not a node belonging to the gateway, that is, the gateway does not correspond to the home gateway of the sensor node, the gateway registers the node information in the visited location information server.
- the hop field is a hop count from the gateway and is a field for routing.
- the sensor node receiving the node information request message designates the gateway that has sent the node information request message as a home gateway if its H-GW field is 0. Respond by sending a registration packet after setting the H-GW field. Until the home gateway change request is received from the gateway due to a system change, the initial gateway is recognized as its own home gateway, and the H-GW field value is maintained even when the sensor node is restarted.
- the sensor node may include node ID, node type (eg, RFID node, Sensor node, Relay node, Reference node, etc.), sensing type (eg, temperature, illuminance, humidity, pressure, etc.), current location, and current gateway.
- Register information such as hop count.
- the Event field is a field that informs the registration request in any situation, such as initial, reactivation, or position movement.
- a reference node of the sensor network periodically provides location information to a neighbor sensor node (RFID / Sensor) (S600).
- RFID / Sensor a neighbor sensor node
- the neighbor node to be hop count may include the gateway (sink node) itself.
- the hop information When the hop information is received from several neighboring nodes, it selects the smallest and fastest neighboring node among the received hop information, recognizes it as its parent node (parent node), and counts its own hop count to the hop number of the parent node. Let 1 be one value. Thereafter, the parent node registers its information with the current gateway. To this end, when receiving each node's hop information query, each sensor node must inform the query node of its hop number, and when receiving the registration packet, it must transmit the registration packet to its parent node. If the sensor node is located in the gateway area to which the sensor node is reactivated or moved, that is, if the sensor node is located in the home gateway area, the node information is registered in the home location server of the gateway.
- the visited location information server may transmit node information of a registered visited sensor node to a home gateway region home location information server of the visited sensor node, and update the node information of the visited sensor node at the home location information server. Make sure
- the registration request is attempted again.
- the home location information server uses an IP (Internet Protocol) network using the sensor node identifier and the home gateway identifier included in the node information of the sensor node. It generates a backbone network identifier (Global ID, Global ID) recognized by the side as the address of the sensor node.
- the home location information server may generate an address translation table in which the sensor node identifier and the backbone network identifier are mapped.
- the backbone network identifier may include information about a port count of the sensor node and an identifier of a home gateway.
- an identifier of a sensor node can be largely divided into a sensor node identifier and a main network identifier.
- the sensor node identifier is, for example, only an RFID / Sensor node identifier within an RFID / USN network. If the producer or network administrator of the RFID / Sensor node has assigned an address of 16/64 bit, the backbone network identifier is RFID / ID of the RFID / Sensor Node viewed on a USN infra-network or in all other networks, the 16/64 bit sensor node identifier (local address) and home gateway identifier of the RFID / Sensor node, Generated by converting to IP address + port number format.
- an RFID / Sensor node (ID: 0x0003) having a gateway (ID: 0x0001) having an IP address of 163.152.27.112 as a home gateway is 163.152 in the address translation table generated by the home location information server. Stored as 27.112 / 3.
- the RFID / Sensor node does not know and communicate the address of the gateway as an IP address (163.152. 27.112) but communicates with the ID (0x0001).
- the present invention can improve the efficiency of interworking and node information management of the network, and when the sensor node moves in combination with the functions of the home location information server and the visited location information server. You get the same effect as Mobile IP.
- the sensor node identifier used for the sensor node belonging to one home gateway can be used for the sensor node belonging to another home gateway.
- the reuse rate of the sensor node identifier can be increased.
- different sensor node identifiers must be allocated between sensor nodes belonging to the same home gateway.
- the sensor node to which the backbone network identifier is assigned provides an effect that can be recognized as a terminal having an IP.
- the gateway may transmit the data request packet of the user host of the IP network side to the sensor node by using the backbone network ID, and transmit the sensing data packet of the sensor node to the user host.
- the home location information server performs address translation on a sensor node identifier or a main network identifier of the data packet to a main network identifier or a sensor node identifier, respectively, when data is transmitted between the sensor node and the IP network. do.
- the address translation table may be used.
- the home location information server manages the address and location of a node belonging to the corresponding gateway.
- the home location information server located at the gateway having the corresponding IP is the global ID. Recognize the port number included in the RFID / Sensor Network as an address in the RFID / Sensor Network and request a response from the sensor node of the corresponding address. To this end, the home location information server must perform an address translation function, and for this purpose, it can have an address translation table.
- the home location information server may include an address translation table manager, an address translator, and a protocol processor.
- the address translation table manager is a module for adding, deleting, maintaining, repairing, and managing the address translation table.
- the address translation table manager converts a sensor node identifier into a basic network identifier in the form of a TCP / IP address by using the registration packet information received through the gateway and stores it in the address translation table. That is, the gateway ID + sensor node identifier can be transformed into gateway ip + port number.
- the address translation unit performs the address translation on the data request packet from the user host or the sensing data packet from the sensor node using the address translation table. That is, address translation between the RFID / Sensor network and the RFID / USN infrastructure network is performed using the updated address translation table through the address translation table manager. For example, when a data packet comes in, it is first determined whether it is a packet of a sensor network or an Internet packet. When the data packet is a sensor network packet, address translation is performed with a backbone network identifier in the form of a TCP / IP address. On the other hand, in the case of a TCP / IP packet, address translation is performed with a sensor node identifier.
- the protocol processor processes the data request packet or the sensing data packet according to a protocol of the sensor network or the IP network and forwards the data request packet or the sensing data packet to the sensor network or the IP network, respectively.
- the protocol processor may include an RFID / Sensor network protocol processor and an RFID / USN infra-network protocol processor.
- the visited location information server may be configured similarly to the home location information server in configuration and function.
- the visited location information server when the visited location information server registers node information of the visited sensor node, the visited location information server transmits the node information to a home location information server located at a home gateway of the visited sensor node, thereby allowing the home location information server to provide node information. Update it. That is, when a sensor node that does not have its own gateway as its home gateway registers, the visited location information server in each gateway sees the H-GW field value from the corresponding node information registration packet and selects the home gateway of the sensor node. You can see it, and you can also know the IP. It then informs that the node has moved to the sensor node's home gateway.
- the apparatus for controlling the backbone network for the sensor network described above provides a computer readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for causing a computer to execute a method for controlling each component. That is, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in computer readable codes on a computer readable recording medium.
- the computer-readable recording medium includes all kinds of recording devices in which data that can be read by a computer system is stored.
- Examples of computer-readable recording media include ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, and the like, which may also be implemented in the form of carrier waves (for example, transmission over the Internet). Include.
- the computer readable recording medium can also be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion.
- functional programs, codes and code segments for implementing the present invention can be easily inferred by programmers in the art to which the present invention belongs.
- the authentication and registration of the sensor node through the backbone network for the sensor network, tracking and updating the connection relationship between the gateway, and identification and registration between the sensor node and the gateway can be managed integrally in the backbone network, As a result, even in a situation where a plurality of sensor nodes belong to heterogeneous sensor networks or a wide range of movement of sensor nodes is performed, registration, positioning, and movement tracking of each sensor node are possible, so that the wide mobility of sensor nodes is not limited. Can be controlled / managed via backbone network In addition, the authentication process of the sensor node can protect the backbone network from access of unauthorized sensor nodes.
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Abstract
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Claims (26)
- 센서 네트워크를 위한 기간망을 제어하는 장치에 있어서,사용자로부터 입력된 센서 노드(sensor node)에 대한 서비스 요청을 유형별로 해석하고, 해석된 요청에 대한 라우팅(routing) 정보를 포함하는 세션(session)을 생성하는 컨텍스트(context) 해석부;상기 기간망에 등록된 센서 노드 정보 및 상기 등록된 센서 노드에 대한 라우팅 정보를 저장하고, 상기 서비스 요청이 입력될 경우 상기 컨텍스트 해석기에 상기 서비스 요청에 대응하는 라우팅 정보를 제공하는 센서 노드 등록부;상기 라우팅 정보를 이용하여 상기 서비스 요청을 상기 등록된 센서 노드에 전달하며, 상기 등록된 센서 노드로부터 상기 서비스 요청에 대한 응답 메시지를 수신하는 게이트웨이(gateway); 및상기 생성된 세션을 통해 상기 컨텍스트 해석기로부터 수신된 서비스 요청을 상기 게이트웨이에 전달하고, 상기 게이트웨이로부터 수신한 상기 응답 메시지를 상기 사용자에게 제공하는 메시지 처리부를 포함하는 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 사용자에 대한 등록 정보 및 권한 정보를 저장하고, 상기 사용자에 의한 서비스 요청이 입력될 경우 상기 사용자에 대한 인증 결과를 상기 컨텍스트 해석부에 전달하는 사용자 인증부를 더 포함하는 장치.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 권한 정보는 상기 센서 노드에 대한 접근 가능 여부 및 서비스 이용에 따른 과금 정책을 포함하고,상기 요청된 서비스에 대한 세션이 종료할 경우,상기 메시지 처리부는 상기 세션의 종료를 상기 게이트웨이에 통지함으로써, 상기 게이트웨이로 하여금 데이터 수신을 중단하도록 하고,상기 메시지 처리부는 상기 세션의 종료를 상기 사용자 인증부에 통지함으로써, 상기 사용자 인증부로 하여금 상기 과금 정책에 따라 서비스 사용에 대한 요금을 결정하도록 하며,상기 컨텍스트 해석부는 상기 결정된 요금을 상기 사용자에게 제공하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 서비스 요청에 대한 대상을 나타내는 별칭(alias)과 상기 별칭에 대응하는 적어도 하나 이상의 게이트웨이 정보를 사상(mapping)시켜 저장하는 별칭 해석부를 더 포함하고,상기 서비스 요청이 상기 별칭을 포함할 경우, 상기 컨텍스트 해석부는 상기 별칭 해석부에 상기 별칭을 질의함으로써 이에 대응하는 게이트웨이 정보를 수신하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 기간망에 접근 가능한 센서 노드에 대한 정보를 미리 저장하는 센서 노드 인증부를 더 포함하고,센서 노드가 등록을 위해 상기 기간망에 접근할 경우, 상기 센서 노드 등록부는 상기 센서 노드 인증부에 상기 센서 노드의 접근 권한을 질의함으로써 등록허여 여부를 결정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제 5 항에 있어서,상기 센서 노드 등록부는기간망 식별자가 없는 상기 센서 노드가 등록을 위해 상기 기간망에 접근하는 경우, 상기 센서 노드의 고유식별자를 포함하는 기간망에 대한 인증요청을 상기 게이트웨이를 통해 수신하고, 상기 센서 노드와 상기 게이트웨이의 관계정보를 저장한 후, 상기 고유식별자를 상기 센서 노드 인증부에 조회함으로써 상기 고유식별자가 상기 센서 노드 인증부에 존재하는 지를 판단하고,상기 고유식별자가 상기 센서 노드 인증부에 존재하는 경우, 상기 센서 노드에 기간망 식별자를 부여하고, 상기 센서 노드와 상기 게이트웨이의 관계정보를 사상시켜 저장함으로써 상기 센서 노드를 등록하고,상기 부여된 기간망 식별자를 상기 게이트웨이를 통해 상기 센서 노드로 송신하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 센서 노드 등록부는,센서 노드를 최초 구독하는 경우 상기 구독하고자 하는 센서 노드의 서비스 유형 및 서비스 역량에 대한 정보를 저장하고,상기 센서 노드에 부여된 기간망 식별자와 상기 센서 노드가 연결되는 게이트웨이를 사상시켜 저장함으로써 상기 컨텍스트 해석기에 상기 서비스 요청에 대응하는 라우팅 정보를 제공하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 기간망 내에 포함되는 구성요소들의 연결을 유지하도록 네트워크 설정을 관리하는 기간망 설정부를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 서비스 요청은 즉시(on-demand) 요청, 주기적(periodic) 요청 및 이벤트 기반(event-driven) 요청 중 적어도 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 기간망에 연결된 게이트웨이는 복수 개이며, 상기 연결된 게이트웨이를 통해 각각 하나 이상의 센서 노드를 포함하는 고유의(exclusive) 센서 네트워크를 형성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,하나의 센서 네트워크에 포함된 센서 노드가 다른 센서 네트워크로 이동할 경우, 상기 센서 노드 등록부는 상기 센서 노드의 이동에 따라 변경된 게이트웨이정보를 갱신하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 센스 노드의 이동에 따라 변경된 게이트웨이가 상기 센서 노드 등록부에 세션 정보의 이동을 요청하고,상기 요청에 따라 상기 센서 노드 등록부는 이동 후 변경된 게이트웨이로 상기 세션 정보를 전달하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 게이트웨이는 상기 기간망에 대한 정보 및 게이트웨이의 식별 정보를 브로드캐스팅(broadcasting)하고, 상기 브로드캐스트된 정보들을 수신한 센서 노드로부터 등록 요청을 수신하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 게이트웨이는 USN(ubiquitous sensor network) 규격에 따른 PAN 코디네이터(coordinator)로서 구현되는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 센서 네트워크를 위한 기간망을 제어하는 방법에 있어서,기간망 식별자가 없는 센서 노드의 고유식별자를 포함하는 기간망에 대한 최초 구독 요청을 게이트웨이로부터 수신하고, 상기 센서 노드와 상기 게이트웨이의 관계정보를 저장하는 단계;미리 구축된 센서 노드 인증부에 상기 고유식별자를 조회함으로써 상기 고유식별자가 상기 센서 노드 인증부에 존재하는지 여부를 검사하는 단계;상기 검사결과에 따라 상기 고유식별자가 상기 센서 노드 인증부에 존재하는 경우 상기 센서 노드에 상기 기간망 식별자를 부여하는 단계;상기 기간망 식별자를 상기 센서 노드와 상기 게이트웨이의 관계정보에 사상시키고, 사상시킨 상기 센서 노드와 상기 게이트웨이의 관계정보를 저장하여 상기 센서 노드를 등록하는 단계; 및상기 기간망 식별자를 포함하는 구독 허여 메시지를 상기 게이트웨이로 송신하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제 15 항에 있어서,상기 기간망 식별자가 있는 상기 센서 노드의 상기 기간망에 대한 등록요청을 상기 게이트웨이로부터 수신하고, 상기 센서 노드와 상기 게이트웨이의 관계정보를 저장하여 상기 센서 노드를 등록하는 단계; 및등록승인 메시지를 상기 게이트웨이에 송신하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제 15 항에 있어서,상기 센서 노드가 이동하여 통신하는 게이트웨이가 변경된 경우, 상기 기간망 식별자가 있는 센서 노드의 상기 기간망 식별자를 포함하는 상기 기간망 등록요청을 이동 후 변경된 게이트웨이로부터 수신하고, 상기 센서 노드와 이동 전의 게이트웨이의 관계정보를 확인하고, 상기 이동 전의 게이트웨이에 상기 센서 노드의 등록정보갱신요청을 송신하는 단계;상기 센서 노드의 세션정보를 상기 이동 전의 게이트웨이로부터 수신하고, 상기 센서 노드와 상기 이동 후 변경된 게이트웨이의 관계정보를 저장하여 상기 센서 노드를 등록하는 단계; 및등록승인 메시지와 상기 센서 노드 세션정보를 상기 이동 후 변경된 게이트웨이에 송신하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 센서 네트워크를 위한 기간망을 제어하는 방법에 있어서,센서 노드의 고유식별자 및 센서 노드 식별자를 포함하는 기간망에 대한 최초 구독 요청을 기간망 식별자가 없는 상기 센서 노드로부터 수신하고, 상기 고유식별자를 포함하는 상기 기간망에 대한 최초 구독 요청을 센서 노드 등록부에 송신하는 단계; 및상기 기간망 식별자를 포함하는 구독 허여 메시지를 상기 센서 노드 등록부로부터 수신하고, 상기 센서 노드의 센서네트워크 정보, 상기 센서 노드 식별자, 및 상기 기간망 식별자 정보를 저장하고, 상기 기간망 식별자를 포함하는 상기 구독 허여 메시지를 상기 센서 노드에 송신하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 기간망 식별자는 센서 노드 인증부가 상기 고유식별자를 이용하여 접근 권한을 인증한 상기 센서 노드에 대해 부여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 18 항에 있어서,상기 기간망 식별자 및 상기 센서 노드 식별자를 포함하는 상기 기간망에 대한 등록요청을 상기 기간망 식별자가 있는 상기 센서 노드로부터 수신하고, 상기 기간망 식별자와 상기 센서 노드 식별자 사상정보를 저장하고, 상기 기간망 등록요청을 상기 센서 노드 등록부에 송신하는 단계; 및등록승인 메시지를 상기 센서 노드 등록부로부터 수신하고, 상기 센서 노드의 센서네트워크 정보, 상기 센서 노드 식별자, 및 상기 기간망 식별자 정보를 저장하고, 상기 등록승인 메시지를 상기 센서 노드에 송신하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제 18 항에 있어서,상기 센서 노드가 이동하여 통신하는 게이트웨이가 이동 전의 게이트웨이에서 이동 후 변경된 게이트웨이로 변경된 경우, 상기 이동 전의 게이트웨이가 상기 기간망 식별자 및 상기 센서 노드 식별자를 포함하는 상기 기간망에 대한 등록요청을 상기 기간망 식별자가 있는 상기 센서 노드로부터 수신하고, 상기 기간망 식별자와 상기 센서 노드 식별자 사상정보를 저장하고, 상기 기간망 등록요청을 상기 센서 노드 등록부에 송신하는 단계; 및상기 이동 전의 게이트웨이가 등록승인 메시지와 상기 센서 노드 세션정보를 상기 센서 노드 등록부로부터 수신하고, 상기 센서 노드의 센서네트워크 정보, 상기 센서 노드 식별자, 및 상기 기간망 식별자 정보를 저장하고, 상기 등록승인 메시지를 상기 센서 노드에 송신하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제 18 항에 있어서,상기 센서 노드가 이동하여 통신하는 게이트웨이가 변경된 경우, 상기 이동 후 변경된 게이트웨이가 상기 센서 노드 등록부로부터 상기 센서 노드의 정보갱신요청을 수신하고, 상기 센서 노드의 세션정보를 상기 센서 노드 등록부에 송신하고, 상기 센서 노드의 정보를 삭제하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 센서 네트워크를 위한 기간망을 제어하는 방법에 있어서,센서 노드의 기간망 식별자 유무를 판단하는 단계;상기 기간망 식별자가 없는 경우, 상기 센서 노드의 고유식별자 및 센서 노드 식별자를 포함하는 기간망에 대한 최초 구독 요청을 게이트웨이에 송신하는 단계; 및상기 기간망 식별자를 포함하는 구독 허여 메시지를 상기 게이트웨이로부터 수신하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 기간망 식별자는 센서 노드 인증부가 상기 고유식별자를 이용하여 접근 권한을 인증한 상기 센서 노드에 대해 부여되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 22 항에 있어서,상기 기간망 식별자를 판단하기 이전에, 상기 게이트웨이로부터 무선표지신호를 수신하는 단계;상기 센서 노드의 고유식별자를 포함하는 관계형성요청 메시지를 상기 게이트웨이에 송신하는 단계; 및상기 센서 노드 식별자를 포함하는 관계형성승인 메시지를 상기 게이트웨이로부터 수신하는 단계를 더 포함하고,상기 센서 노드 식별자는 상기 게이트웨이가 상기 센서 노드를 다른 센서 노드와 구별하기 위해 부여하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 22 항에 있어서,상기 기간망 식별자가 있는 경우, 상기 기간망 식별자 및 상기 센서 노드 식별자를 포함하는 상기 기간망에 대한 등록요청을 상기 게이트웨이에 송신하는 단계; 및등록승인 메시지를 상기 게이트웨이로부터 수신하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제 22 항에 있어서,상기 센서 노드가 이동하여 통신하는 게이트웨이가 변경된 경우, 상기 센서 노드의 상기 기간망 식별자 및 상기 센서 노드 식별자를 포함하는 상기 기간망에 대한 등록요청을 상기 이동 후 변경된 게이트웨이에 송신하는 단계; 및등록승인 메시지를 상기 이동 후 변경된 게이트웨이로부터 수신하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제 15 항 내지 제 26 항 중에 어느 한 항의 방법을 컴퓨터에서 실행시키기 위한 프로그램을 기록한 컴퓨터로 읽을 수 있는 기록매체.
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