WO2012133784A1 - コンクリート表面の吸水試験方法及び吸水試験装置 - Google Patents
コンクリート表面の吸水試験方法及び吸水試験装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012133784A1 WO2012133784A1 PCT/JP2012/058605 JP2012058605W WO2012133784A1 WO 2012133784 A1 WO2012133784 A1 WO 2012133784A1 JP 2012058605 W JP2012058605 W JP 2012058605W WO 2012133784 A1 WO2012133784 A1 WO 2012133784A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- water absorption
- water
- concrete
- concrete surface
- absorption test
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 702
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 451
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 219
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 206
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001364 causal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011041 water permeability test Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011401 Portland-fly ash cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013615 primer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002987 primer (paints) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/36—Analysing materials by measuring the density or specific gravity, e.g. determining quantity of moisture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
- G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a concrete surface water absorption test method and a water absorption test device, and more particularly to a non-destructive water absorption test method and a water absorption test device capable of measuring in situ the water absorption of the surface of a concrete structure. Is.
- Non-destructive inspection or non-destructive investigation that directly measures the mass transfer resistance of actual structures is known as an in-situ test method for determining the durability of new or existing concrete structures.
- mass transfer resistance decreases due to cracks, laps, joints, etc., so nondestructive inspection or nondestructive investigation to investigate the decrease in mass transfer resistance in situ This is an effective method for determining the durability of an object.
- the water pressure acting on a general actual structure is a relatively small water pressure acting on the surface due to rain or the like. Due to the difference in the fluid pressure acting on the concrete, the pore diameter and the mass transfer mechanism that are dominant in the mass transfer are different. For this reason, it is desirable that the test be performed under conditions equivalent to the environment of the actual structure, that is, under conditions where a relatively low water pressure of about 200 to 300 mm on the water head acts on the concrete surface.
- a water permeability test in which a water pressure of several N / mm 2 is applied to the concrete surface, there is a case where the water permeability after the test has increased due to destruction of the concrete structure. Therefore, it is generally considered effective to perform a water absorption test that only applies a water pressure on the concrete surface that is about the pressure acting on the concrete surface during rainfall.
- water absorption test As a known surface water absorption test (hereinafter referred to as “water absorption test”) for measuring the amount of water absorbed by concrete on the concrete surface, "British Standard 1881-5", “Method” of “Testing” Concrete “,” Initial “Surface” Absorption “Test (Non-Patent Document 1, hereinafter referred to as “ISAT”) is known.
- ISAT Initial “Surface” Absorption
- the water absorption is measured under the condition that a water pressure of 200 mm on the water head acts on the concrete surface.
- a water head of 200 mm has a water pressure that is slightly greater than the water pressure acting on the concrete surface due to heavy rain.
- Non-Patent Document 2 “An automated method” for “the measurement” of “surface” water “absorption” “into” permeable “materials” (Non-Patent Document 2) is a measurement that measures the water absorption of various permeable materials using capillary tubes and advanced optical measuring instruments. A method is described.
- JIS A6909-2003, Finishing coating for building construction (Non-patent Document 3) describes a water permeability test method for finishing coating for construction.
- the test of JIS A6909-2003 is a water absorption test or a water permeability test for testing the water absorption or water permeability of paint, etc., using a test body coated with a paint applied to the concrete surface or the like.
- test methods and test devices are only test methods and test devices for measuring the water absorption or water permeability of the horizontal surface of a specimen of a concrete sample in a laboratory, and are fixed on the ground and removed. It is not a test equipment and test method for performing in-situ water absorption tests or in-situ permeability tests on vertical walls of actual structures that are affected by environmental factors (environmental conditions, construction conditions, etc.). That is, the test apparatus or test method described in Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 is not for performing a non-destructive test on the surface water absorption of an actual structure in situ.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 It is also conceivable to collect a specimen from the actual structure itself and test the water absorption of the actual structure in the laboratory using the test methods described in Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3.
- a test method for collecting a specimen from an actual structure is difficult to actually adopt as a water absorption test method for an actual structure immediately after the new construction, and the test specimen is taken from an existing structure that has been constructed in the past. Even in the case of sampling, the sampling position of the sample is limited, and it is necessary to repair the actual structure after the test.
- Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5 describe a water absorption test apparatus for performing an in-situ water absorption test of an existing concrete structure coated with a silane-based water repellent material.
- Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5 describe a test apparatus in which a circular water-absorbing cup having a tubular vertical pipette is fixed to the wall surface of an actual structure, and the amount of water filled in the water-absorbing cup is measured to measure concrete. Configured to measure surface water absorption in situ.
- the quality of the concrete surface layer portion is evaluated by the denseness of the concrete surface layer portion.
- the concrete structure exhibits the desired strength by the cooperative action of the concrete and the reinforcing bars, but the reinforcing bars in the concrete are protected by the surface layer of the concrete. It differs greatly depending on the denseness of the surface layer portion.
- the conventional water absorption test is only performed to detect the waterproofing or water resistance effect of water repellent material, paint, primer, etc. applied to the concrete surface, and cracks on the concrete surface. This test result is not used to evaluate the denseness of the concrete surface layer.
- the density of the concrete surface layer depends on the design conditions or construction conditions, for example, the water-cement ratio of the concrete at the time of construction, the mix of concrete (use of expansion material, etc.), the curing period of the concrete at the time of construction, the curing method of the concrete, etc. Is different.
- the density of the concrete surface layer depends on the conditions during or after hardening of the concrete, such as the environmental conditions of the concrete structure (climate, solar radiation, gravity, etc.), the heat generation during the hydration reaction of cement, and the restraint of the concrete structure. It differs depending on the state, use of a surface impregnating material (water repellent material, etc.), and the like.
- the water absorption amount on the concrete surface is measured by visually observing the water level change of the cylinder portion of the water absorption chamber at predetermined time intervals.
- the water absorption test device is a complete nondestructive test that can be applied to the completion inspection of a new structure.
- the test devices described in Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5 putty-like silicon, The water absorption cup must be adhered to the vertical surface of the concrete with a fast-curing epoxy resin or the like, and the fixing marks of the test apparatus remain on the concrete surface. For this reason, it is necessary to grind the concrete surface after the test to remove the fixed traces. Therefore, the tests described in Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5 are not completely nondestructive tests.
- the above water absorption test apparatus is known in which the support plate is fixed to a vertical surface using vacuum pressure.
- the diameter of the water absorption cup is only about 25 mm, and The water absorption opening area is only about 490 mm 2 .
- the circumference of the outer periphery of the water absorption cup is relatively large with respect to the water absorption opening area, and therefore diffuses around the water absorption cup. Since the effect of water volume is significant, the water absorption on the concrete surface cannot be measured accurately.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and the object of the present invention is to clarify or evaluate the causal factors related to the denseness of the concrete surface layer portion of the actual structure.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a water absorption test method capable of measuring in situ the water absorption of a concrete surface of an object.
- the present invention is also a water absorption test apparatus that can be suitably used in such a water absorption test method, and is capable of performing a completely non-destructive water absorption test that does not destroy the concrete surface or its surface layer at all.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the water injection operation can be completed in a short time, and the measurement of the water absorption amount can be started early (preferably within 15 seconds after the start of water injection).
- the present invention provides a water absorbing cup with an edge of a water absorbing opening in close contact with a concrete surface of a concrete structure, injecting water for water absorption testing into the water absorbing chamber, and absorbing water in the water absorbing cup.
- the water absorption test method of the concrete surface for measuring in situ the amount of water absorbed from the chamber into the concrete structure, Continuously detecting the amount of water held in the water absorption chamber, or continuously detecting at minute time intervals, and measuring the elapsed time and water absorption speed after completion of water injection;
- a method for water absorption test of a concrete surface characterized by identifying or comparing causal factors or evaluation factors related to the denseness of the surface layer portion of concrete based on the water absorption rate measured at a predetermined elapsed time.
- the amount of water absorbed by the concrete surface after the completion of water injection is detected substantially continuously, and the change in the amount of water absorption related to the elapsed time after the completion of water injection, i.e., the water absorption speed is measured.
- a causal factor or causative indicator
- an evaluation factor or an appraisal indicator
- the water-cement ratio and the curing period are each a kind of causal factor or evaluation factor that is closely related to the density of the concrete surface layer portion. That is, information on the causal factors or evaluation factors related to the denseness of the concrete surface layer portion is obtained by measuring the water absorption rate, and thereby the quality of the concrete surface layer portion can be objectively evaluated.
- the relation between the elapsed time after the completion of water injection and the water absorption speed can be statistically processed or converted into data for many actual structures.
- the measured value of the water absorption rate at a predetermined elapsed time tends to follow a normal distribution. Therefore, the measured value of the water absorption rate is suitable for statistical processing or database creation. This means that the water absorption test can be used as a quality inspection method for a concrete surface layer portion that requires setting of a threshold value.
- a causal factor or evaluation factor water cement ratio, curing period, etc.
- the water absorption rate and the causal factor or evaluation factor of the denseness can be statistically processed to create a database of the relationship between the two. This is because the water absorption test method of the present invention is used for an actual structure that does not have a clear construction record, or an actual structure that requires confirmation of construction conditions or design conditions after construction, even if construction records exist. Is applied, the causal factor or evaluation factor related to the compactness of the concrete surface layer portion can be identified based on the database or appropriately compared.
- the present invention also has, as an apparatus for carrying out the above water absorption test method, a water absorption cup having a water absorption chamber capable of being filled with water for in-situ water absorption test, and the water absorption cup is a concrete surface of a concrete structure.
- a detector having a detector for continuously detecting the amount of water held in the water absorption chamber, or detecting the amount of water continuously at minute time intervals;
- a water absorption test apparatus for a concrete surface characterized in that it has a measuring device that receives the detection result of the detector and displays or records the elapsed time and the amount of water absorption after the completion of water injection.
- the amount of water absorbed by the concrete surface after completion of water injection can be detected substantially continuously, and the water absorption speed related to the elapsed time after completion of water injection can be measured.
- the water absorption test method having the above-described configuration can be easily implemented.
- the detector is a water pressure sensor that detects a water pressure in the water absorption chamber, and the water absorption amount is detected by the water pressure in the chamber.
- the detection part of the water pressure sensor is inserted into the water absorption cup so as to detect the water pressure at or near the bottom of the water absorption chamber.
- the measuring device includes a detection value conversion means for converting a detection value of the water pressure sensor into a water absorption amount, and a water absorption speed calculation means for calculating a water absorption speed based on a change or fluctuation in the water absorption amount per unit time.
- the water level change in the cylinder portion can be detected with high accuracy (for example, accuracy of less than 1 mm).
- the number of water absorption test devices that one person can observe at the same time was limited to two or three locations even at relatively close positions. According to the water absorption test of the method for detecting the water absorption, water absorption tests at a large number of locations or remote locations using a large number of water absorption test devices can be simultaneously performed.
- the “minute time interval” is a time of 10 seconds or less
- the water absorption opening has an opening area of 5000 mm 2 or more.
- the value of the opening area matches the lower limit value (5000 mm 2 ) defined in the ISAT described above.
- the water absorption cup has deaeration means for facilitating discharge of air bubbles in the water absorption chamber when water is injected into the water absorption chamber. According to the inventor's experiment, by providing a deaeration means in the water absorption cup, it is possible to prevent air bubbles from remaining in the water absorption cup during water injection, thereby accelerating the water injection speed and significantly increasing the water injection time. It can be shortened.
- a deaeration means consists of the downward expansion part provided in the pipe line lower end part of a cylinder part (water head pipe), or the inclination of the water absorption cup inner wall surface which a pipe line opens.
- water injection can be completed within 15 seconds, preferably within 10 seconds (average of about 5 seconds).
- the water absorption test device includes a position fixture for fixing the position of the water absorption cup.
- the position fixing device is a horizontal member arranged at a distance from the concrete surface, a pressing member that is supported by the horizontal member and presses the water absorption cup toward the concrete surface, and maintains the position of the horizontal member.
- the holder has an adsorbing means that adsorbs to the surface of the concrete structure under negative pressure, or a mechanical connecting means that is screwed into an existing screw member embedded in the concrete structure. The adsorbing means or the mechanical connecting means connects the horizontal member to the concrete structure with a force exceeding the reaction force of the pressing tool acting on the horizontal member.
- the adsorbing means is negative with respect to an adsorbing portion that can adsorb on the concrete surface, a negative pressure chamber sealed between the adsorbing portion and the concrete surface, and a decompression device that sucks air in the negative pressure chamber.
- the existing screw member is a separator embedded at least partially in a concrete structure, and the mechanical connecting means is a connecting tool including a screw connecting portion that is screwed into a screw portion of the separator.
- the water absorption cup is integrated with the surface of the water-absorbing concrete by negative pressure acting on the concrete surface or mechanical connection with an existing screw member embedded in the concrete structure. Since they are connected, damage to the concrete structure can be avoided. Therefore, according to such a water absorption test apparatus, the fixing mark of the water absorption cup that requires polishing treatment does not remain on the concrete surface after the removal of the water absorption cup, and therefore does not leave any trace on the actual structure. In-situ water absorption test of the method can be performed. And according to the water absorption test apparatus of the said structure, a water absorption cup can be easily and rapidly installed in the concrete surface of a real structure.
- the present invention can be applied as a water permeability test method and a water permeability test apparatus for a concrete surface for measuring the water permeability of the concrete surface.
- a pressurizing means for pressurizing the water in the water absorption chamber to a predetermined pressure is further provided in association with the water absorption cup, and the water in the water absorption chamber is pressurized.
- the water absorption of the concrete surface of the actual structure can be measured in situ, and the causal factors related to the denseness of the concrete surface layer portion of the actual structure can be clarified or evaluated. .
- the water absorption test apparatus of the present invention can provide a water absorption test apparatus that can be suitably used in such a water absorption test method.
- the water absorption test apparatus of the present invention having a configuration in which the position of the water absorption cup is fixed by negative pressure or mechanical connection, a completely nondestructive water absorption test that does not destroy the concrete surface or its surface layer part is performed. be able to.
- the water injection operation is completed in a short time, and early (preferably within 15 seconds after the start of water injection). Measurement of water absorption can be started.
- FIG. 1 is a front view, a longitudinal sectional view, a partially enlarged sectional view, and a transverse sectional view showing the structure of a water absorption test device constituting a water absorption test device, and shows a state in which the water absorption test device is installed on a vertical wall surface.
- FIG. 2 is a front view showing the overall configuration of the water absorption test apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view and a side view showing the overall configuration of the water absorption test apparatus according to the present invention.
- 3A is a cross-sectional view taken along a line II in FIG. 2
- FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view taken along a line II-II in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of the water absorption test apparatus according to the present invention.
- 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view, a longitudinal sectional view, and a partially enlarged sectional view showing a state in which the water absorption test apparatus is installed on a horizontal concrete surface.
- FIG. 6 is a front view showing a usage pattern of a water absorption test apparatus in which two water absorption test devices are installed at relative positions shifted in the vertical direction.
- FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing the structure of a water injection device for injecting water into the water absorption test device.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a form of water injection work.
- FIG. 8 (A) shows a state immediately before the start of water injection
- FIG. 8 (B) shows a state during water injection work
- FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing another form of the water injection operation.
- FIG. 9 (A) shows a state immediately before the start of water injection
- FIG. 9 (B) shows a state during water injection work.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a water absorption test result of an actual structure measured by visual observation. The cumulative value of the water absorption amount measured from the time of water injection completion (15 seconds after the start of water injection) and the surface water absorption rate The time change of (water absorption speed) is shown.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a water absorption test result of an actual structure measured by visual observation. The cumulative value of the water absorption amount measured from the time of water injection completion (15 seconds after the start of water injection) and the surface water absorption rate The time change of (water absorption speed) is shown.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a water absorption test result of
- FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the surface water absorption rate (water absorption rate) actually measured by visual observation on the actual structure of the abutment and the box culvert and the line segment of the surface water absorption rate obtained by applying Levitt's theoretical formula.
- FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a test result of an in-situ water absorption test of an actual structure automatically measured by the water absorption test device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 (A) shows the time change of the accumulated water absorption amount
- FIG. 12 (B) shows the time change of the water absorption speed calculated based on the accumulated water absorption amount.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the age of the concrete board, the water cement ratio, the form retention period, and the surface water absorption rate (water absorption rate).
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the form retention period and the surface water absorption rate (water absorption rate).
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the relationship between the water cement ratio and the surface water absorption rate (water absorption rate).
- FIG. 16 is a front view showing another usage pattern of the position fixing tool shown in FIGS. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a front view, a longitudinal sectional view, and a transverse sectional view showing a structure of a water absorption test device including a water absorption cup having a double chamber structure.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view conceptually showing the principle of a water absorption cup having a double chamber structure.
- FIG. 1 shows a water absorption test device 2 constituting the water absorption test apparatus 1
- FIGS. 2 to 4 show the entire structure of the water absorption test apparatus 1.
- FIG. The water absorption test device 1 includes a water absorption test device 2 that enables water absorption of the vertical surface V of the concrete structure S, a position fixing device 3 for fixing each water absorption test device 2 to the vertical surface V, and water absorption.
- a water injection device 6 for injecting water into the test device 2 and a water level measuring device 9 for automatically measuring and recording the level of the water surface WL are configured.
- the water absorption test device 2 includes a water absorption cup 20 having a fixed relative position to the vertical plane V, and a tubular cylinder portion 10 with a scale extending vertically upward from the top (top) of the water absorption cup 20.
- a drain pipe 22 extending vertically downward from the bottom (lowermost) portion of the water absorption cup 20 and an elastically deformable annular seal member 23 integrally attached to the opening edge of the water absorption cup 20 in contact with the vertical surface V.
- Each of the water absorption cup 20, the cylinder part 10 and the drain pipe 22 has a structure in which a transparent resin material or a molded product is integrally assembled by a water-tight joining means such as an adhesive, or a transparent resin is integrated.
- the water absorption cup 20, the cylinder part 10, and the drain pipe 22 are assembled
- the male screw 19 at the lower end portion of the cylinder portion 10 is screwed into the uppermost female screw of the water absorption cup 20, and the male screw 29 at the upper end portion of the drain pipe 22 is the lowermost female screw of the water absorption cup 20.
- the water-absorbing cup 20 is pressed against the vertical surface V by a fixing screw 30 (shown by a broken line) of the position fixing tool 3, and the annular seal member 23 is in a watertight state on the vertical surface V under the tightening pressure of the fixing screw 30. In close contact.
- FIG. 1 shows a state where the water absorption cup 20 is filled with water.
- the water absorption cup 20 includes a cylindrical peripheral wall portion 25 having a true circular cross section and a disc portion 26 that closes an outer circular opening of the peripheral wall portion 25.
- a water absorption chamber B is defined in the water absorption cup 20 by the peripheral wall portion 25 and the disc portion 26.
- a recess 27 is formed that can receive the tip end portion of the fixing screw 30 (shown by a broken line in FIG. 1B).
- the annular seal member 23 is sandwiched between the peripheral wall opening end 25a and the vertical surface V, and prevents the water in the water absorption cup 20 from leaking.
- the inner diameter D1 of the peripheral wall portion 25 is 80 mm, and the area of the vertical surface V that contacts the water W in the water absorption chamber B is 5024 mm 2 .
- This value is substantially the same as the lower limit value (5000 mm 2 ) defined in the ISAT described above.
- Pipe line 11 in cylinder part 10 opens to water absorption chamber B by circular opening 25b at the top of peripheral wall part 25, and communicates with the region (water absorption chamber B) in water absorption cup 20.
- the circular opening 25b has a tapered widened portion 25c.
- the tapered widened portion 25c constitutes a deaeration means that promotes the discharge of the air bubbles in the water absorption chamber B, and the air bubbles in the water absorption cup B quickly flow out to the pipe line 11 at the time of water injection.
- the water in the water absorption cup 20 is filled in the pipe line 11 to the initial water level HL, and the water in the water absorption cup 20 is continuous with the water in the pipe line 11.
- a scale for visual measurement (not shown) is attached to the pipe wall 12 as an index of the position of the water surface WL, and the position of the water surface WL can be visually measured from the outside.
- the vertical distance L between the initial water level HL and the horizontal center line X of the water suction cup 20 is set to 300 mm, and therefore the initial average head acting on the vertical plane V is set to 300 mm.
- a water pressure slightly larger than the water pressure acting on the vertical surface V during rainfall acts on the vertical surface V substantially uniformly. Due to the water absorbing action of the concrete on the vertical surface V, the water surface WL gradually falls.
- a circular opening 25 d communicating with the conduit of the drain pipe 22 is formed at the lowermost portion of the peripheral wall 25.
- the pipe line 22 has the same or equivalent inner diameter as the pipe line 11, for example, an inner diameter of 8 mm.
- the drain pipe 22 includes an on-off valve 24 that can be manually operated. The on-off valve 24 normally closes the drain pipe 22.
- the annular sealing material 23 is a closed-cell rubber sponge having a square cross section having a width substantially the same as the width of the annular band of the peripheral wall opening end 25a, for example, a width of 10 mm (standard hardness value: Asker C-type hardness meter). 25 ⁇ 5 degrees).
- the thickness (initial thickness) of the annular sealing material 23 is set to 5 mm.
- the distal end portion of the fixing screw 30 contacts the inner surface of the recess 27.
- the water absorption cup 20 presses the annular sealing material 23 against the vertical surface V by tightening the fixing screw 30 and elastically compresses and deforms the annular sealing material 23.
- annular sealing material 23 Although there are fine irregularities or unevenness on the concrete surface of the vertical surface V, the annular sealing material 23 is elastically deformed and adheres closely to the concrete surface.
- annular sealing material 23 is a closed-cell type porous body, it has almost no water absorption as the whole raw material. However, since the exposed surface or cut surface of the rubber sponge is porous, it is desirable to use it after the annular sealing material 23 has absorbed water in advance. Also, depending on the state of the existing structure, the paste or mortar on the surface may be lost due to aging, and fine aggregate or coarse aggregate may be exposed to the vertical plane V.
- the annular seal member 23 is brought into close contact with the vertical surface V due to the deformation of the material, and therefore, it is possible to prevent the water in the water absorption chamber B from leaking to the outside of the water absorption cup 20.
- the position fixing tool 3 presses the water absorption cup 20 against the vertical surface V by the fixing screw 30.
- the fixing screw 30 a manually tightenable butterfly screw or a knurled screw, or a manually tightenable headed bolt or the like may be used.
- the position fixing tool 3 includes a horizontal member 31 that extends over a plurality of (two in this example) water absorption cups 20 and a pair of left and right suction portions 40 that are integrally attached to both ends of the horizontal member 31. And have.
- the horizontal member 31 is formed of a hollow metal tube having a square cross section (square cross section), and includes a screw hole 32 (FIG.
- FIG. 4A shows a pressing force P of the fixing screw 30 and a reaction force F1 of the pressing force P acting on the horizontal member 31.
- the circular plate 41 and the cylindrical part 42 are made of a transparent or translucent resin integral molded product, and the outer end part of the cylindrical part 42 is connected to the end part of the horizontal member 31 by a locking tool 49 such as a manually releasable bolt. Fixed.
- a locking tool 49 a manually tightenable butterfly screw or knurled screw, or a bolt with a head that can be manually tightened can be used.
- the annular sealing material 43 is made of the same closed cell rubber sponge as the annular sealing material 23, and has the same cross section as the annular sealing material 23, for example, a rectangular cross section having a width of 10 mm and a thickness of 5 mm.
- the annular sealing material 43 is in close contact with the vertical surface V in an airtight state, and the suction chamber E is defined by the circular plate 41 and the annular sealing material 43.
- each circular plate 41 of the left and right suction portions 40 is provided with a suction port 44 that constitutes a decompression device connecting means, and a flexible tube 45 is connected to each suction port 44.
- the flexible tube 45 is made of a resin tube that can be elastically deformed.
- the flexible tube 45 extending from the suction port 44 of the left and right suction portions 40 is connected to the flexible tube 47 via the joint 46.
- the flexible tube 47 includes a manually operated on-off valve 47a.
- the flexible tube 47 is connected to the decompression device 50.
- the decompression device 50 includes a vacuum pump 51, a buffer tank 52, and a header (branch pipe) 53.
- the vacuum pump 51 is a small dry pump with a capacity of 17 liters / minute, and its operating capacity is about 100V, 1A. Such a vacuum pump 51 can be powered by a small generator, an in-vehicle inverter, or the like. As a modification, by using a DC power source type vacuum pump of the same capacity as the vacuum pump 51, the vacuum pump 51 can be operated by a DC battery.
- the vacuum pump 51 is connected in series to the header 53 via a buffer tank 52 that functions as a buffer means, and the flexible tube 47 is selectively connected to a connection port of the header 53.
- the vacuum pump 51 sucks the air in the suction chamber E when the manual on-off valve 47a is opened, and depressurizes the suction chamber E.
- the suction part 40 is urged to the vertical surface V by the decompression of the suction chamber E, and the annular sealing material 43 is in close contact with the vertical surface V under the suction pressure.
- the left and right suction portions 40 are fixed to the vertical surface V by the negative pressure (negative pressure) of the suction chamber E, and the horizontal member 31 is suspended between the left and right cylindrical portions 42.
- 4A shows the suction force F2 of each suction portion 40 obtained by reducing the pressure in the suction chamber E.
- the adsorption force F2 is larger than the reaction force F1 acting on the horizontal member 31, and cancels the reaction force F1.
- the buffer tank 52 is a pressure tank having a capacity of about 1 liter.
- the buffer tank 52 prevents the apparent position of the water surface WL from fluctuating as a result of the pressure fluctuation of the vacuum pump 51 that may occur during measurement acting on the suction chamber E.
- the header 53 is a branching unit that connects the decompression device 50 to the plurality of water absorption test devices 1 and enables the plurality of water absorption test devices 1 at the same time.
- the vacuum pump 51 is used only for fixing the suction unit 40 to the vertical plane V.
- the negative pressure in the suction chamber E may be substantially constant during the water absorption test.
- a stable support of the horizontal member 31 is obtained on the wall surface (vertical surface V) of the new structure with a vacuum degree of about ⁇ 0.08 N / mm 2.
- stable support of the horizontal member 31 was obtained with a degree of vacuum of about ⁇ 0.06 N / mm 2 .
- three or more water-absorbing cups 20 can be supported by the position fixture 3, when the water level is visually confirmed, one measurer performs a test using the water-absorbing cup 20 with a time difference of about 30 seconds. Therefore, it is considered that the measurement using two to three water-absorbing cups 20 would be the limit in simultaneous measurement by visual confirmation by one measurer.
- the water level measuring device 9 of the water absorption test device 1 has a water pressure sensor 90 and an automatic recording device 91 as shown in FIGS.
- the water pressure sensor 90 is connected to the automatic recording device 91 by a control signal line 92.
- the detection unit 90 a of the water pressure sensor 90 passes through the peripheral wall portion 25 near the lowermost portion of the water absorption chamber B and contacts the water in the water absorption cup 20.
- a high-precision water pressure sensor that outputs a voltage of 4 V per pressure change of 20 kPa (2 m (2000 mm) at the water head) can be suitably used.
- a 1 mm water head change can be detected as 0.0005 V (0.5 mV).
- a data logger having a detection accuracy of 0.05 mV (thus, a resolution with a water level change of 0.1 mm) can be used.
- a water absorption test device 1 not only can a water absorption test using a large number of water absorption test devices 2, or a water absorption test using a plurality of water absorption test devices 1 at the same time, but also each water absorption test device 2. It is possible to continuously measure and record the change in the water surface WL at, or to measure and record at minute unit time intervals.
- the water pressure sensor 90 can measure in units of 0.1 mm, and there is almost no fluctuation of the measured value.
- a hand-held battery-type data logger may be used so that it can be easily measured on site. It is also possible to automatically graph changes in water level, changes in water absorption, etc., or use a program controller, PC, etc. that automatically record and display the water absorption speed.
- FIG. 5 shows a state in which the water absorption test device 2 is installed on the horizontal plane LL of the concrete structure S.
- the water absorption cup 20 is disposed on the concrete surface LL with the opening of the water absorption chamber B facing downward.
- the horizontal member 31 (FIG. 2) is fixed to the concrete surface LL by the negative pressure (negative pressure) of the suction portion 40, and is suspended between the left and right cylindrical portions 42 (FIG. 2).
- the water absorption cup 20 is pressed against the concrete surface LL by a fixing screw 30 (shown by a broken line in FIG. 5B) of the position fixing tool 3, and the annular sealing material 23 is applied to the concrete surface LL under the tightening pressure of the fixing screw 30. Adheres to water tightness.
- the disc part 26 of the water absorption cup 20 has a circular opening 26b to which the lower end part of the cylinder part 10 can be attached.
- the male screw 19 at the lower end of the cylinder portion 10 is screwed into the female screw of the circular opening 26b.
- the inner side surface (lower surface) of the disc part 26 is inclined upward toward the circular opening 26b, and the air and air bubbles in the water absorption cup B quickly flow out to the pipe line 11 at the time of water injection. .
- the inclination of the inner side surface (lower surface) of the disk part 26 constitutes a deaeration means.
- the plug 26a is screwed into the circular opening 25b of the peripheral wall 25, and the circular opening 25b is closed.
- the plug 26a is screwed into the circular opening 26b of the disk portion 26 as shown in FIG. 1, and the circular opening 26b is always closed. Is done.
- the position fixture 3 is positioned on the vertical plane V of the actual structure (concrete structure S) as shown in FIG.
- the actual structure is, for example, an abutment having a reinforced concrete structure, and the vertical plane V is the wall surface.
- the vacuum pump 51 of the decompression device 50 is operated, the suction chamber E of the suction unit 40 is decompressed, and the suction unit 40 is fixed on the vertical plane V by the suction force F2 (FIG. 4).
- the water absorption test device 2 is positioned on the vertical surface V so that the recess 27 is aligned or aligned with the tip of the fixing screw 3.
- the water absorption chamber B is in a state where water has not yet been poured.
- the fixing screw 30 is fastened to the horizontal member 31, and the tip of the fixing screw 30 presses the water absorption cup 20 against the vertical surface V as a whole.
- the annular sealing material 23 is elastically compressed and deformed by the pressing force P of the fixing screw 30 and is in close contact with the concrete surface of the vertical surface V.
- the position of the water absorption test device 2 is not necessarily aligned in the horizontal direction, and the water absorption test device 2 may be disposed at a relative position shifted in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, the horizontal member 31 is inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the horizontal plane.
- water for water absorption test is poured into the water absorption test device 2.
- tap water is used as water used in the test. If the water temperature during the test is significantly different from the outside air temperature or the concrete surface temperature, the water temperature may change during the test and cause a volume change. Is desirable.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows the structure of a water injection device 6 for injecting water into the water absorption test device 2.
- the water injection device 6 includes a top-opening cylindrical container 60, a lid 61 that closes the top circular opening of the container 60, and a pair of water injection ports 63 that extend downward from the bottom 62 of the container 60.
- Each water injection port 63 has a manually operated on-off valve 64.
- a flexible water injection pipe 7 communicating with the water absorption chamber B of each water absorption cup 20 is connected to the lower diameter reduced diameter portion 65 of the water injection port 63.
- the container 60 and the water injection port 63 are made of a transparent or translucent resin molded product, and the lid 61 is made of a rubber plug or a resin plug that can be fitted into the top circular opening of the container 60.
- the on-off valve 64 is a metal or resin valve.
- the water injection pipe 7 is made of a transparent resin pipe that is elastically deformable.
- the lower diameter reducing portion 65 of the water injection port 63 is fitted into the upper end opening of the water injection pipe 7.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a typical water injection process.
- a predetermined amount of water W (tap water) is accommodated in the container 60 with the on-off valve 64 closed, and a pipe joint or connector 70 provided at the tip of the water injection pipe 7 is drained. It is connected to the lower end of the tube 22 (FIG. 8A).
- the water in the container 60 is poured into the water absorption cup 20 under gravity by opening the on-off valves 24 and 64 (FIG. 8B).
- the water W in the container 60 gradually increases from the bottom of the water absorption cup 20.
- the open / close valves 24 and 64 are closed when the water surface WL of the water W rises to the top of the pipe 11 (the initial water level HL shown in FIG. 1).
- the water injection pipe 7 is removed from the drain pipe 24 at an appropriate time.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows another form of the water injection operation.
- a predetermined amount of water W (tap water) is stored in the container 60 with the on-off valves 24 and 64 closed
- the water injection pipe 7 is placed in the pipe line 11 of the cylinder portion 10.
- the tip opening 7a of the water injection pipe 7 is positioned at the lowermost part of the water absorption chamber B (FIG. 9A), and then the on-off valve 64 is opened to inject water W into the water absorption chamber B under gravity. (FIG. 9B).
- the water W in the container 60 gradually increases from the bottom of the water absorption cup 20.
- the water injection pipe 7 is pulled up in accordance with the rise in the water level with the tip opening 7a positioned below the water surface.
- the on-off valve 64 is closed and the water injection pipe 7 is completely withdrawn from the pipe line 11, thus injecting work. Is completed.
- the water absorption cup 20 provided with the deaeration means has a structure in which air or air bubbles hardly remain in the water of the water absorption chamber B. Air and air bubbles are quickly released to the outside air via the conduit 11. Therefore, the water injection operation is performed very simply and quickly.
- the position of the water surface WL may be visually observed by the scale of the cylinder part 10 while measuring time with a stopwatch as well as such automatic measurement.
- residual water in the water absorption cup 20 is discharged from the drain pipe 22 by manually opening the on-off valve 24.
- the position of the water surface WL was read in units of 1 mm by the scale of the cylinder part 10.
- the scale was read at 1 minute intervals.
- the test time is about 60 minutes, the evaporation of water from the top opening of the pipe line 11 can be ignored.
- the top opening of the pipe line 11 can be arbitrarily set. It is desirable to prevent the water from evaporating.
- the surface temperature of the concrete can be measured with a non-contact thermometer, and the moisture content of the concrete surface layer can be ascertained using a two-point surface contact moisture meter, an electrical resistivity test using the four-electrode method, etc. desirable.
- the water absorption rate can be obtained by differential calculation of the following equation (1).
- y dx / dt (1)
- y the water absorption rate (ml / m 2 / sec)
- x the cumulative water absorption (ml) per unit area (m 2 ) of the concrete surface
- t the time (sec).
- the position of the water surface WL is read with the scale of the cylinder part 10, the change in the water surface WL is converted into the accumulated water absorption x, and the water absorption speed y may be obtained based on the measurement time interval.
- the value of the water absorption speed y may be obtained directly or indirectly from the display or output of the automatic recording device 91.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a change in water absorption actually measured by visual observation in a water absorption test of an actual structure (abutment). The measurement was performed from the time when water injection was completed (15 seconds after the start of water injection).
- the left vertical axis is an index indicating the accumulated value of the water absorption amount
- the right vertical axis is an index indicating the water absorption rate (surface water absorption rate) at each time.
- the water absorption rate is an average value obtained by dividing the amount of water absorption per unit area by the measurement time interval. It can be understood from FIG. 10 that the water absorption rate shows a maximum value immediately after the completion of water injection and then decreases. In particular, the rate of water absorption within the initial time of about 2 minutes is significantly higher than the subsequent water absorption rate.
- the constant n is a parameter indicating a change in the amount of water absorbed over time, and indicates the degree to which the water absorption rate decreases with time.
- the constant n is a value mainly related to the denseness inside the concrete (surface layer portion), and when the value of n is large, it means that the denseness (quality) inside the concrete is good.
- this theoretical formula only shows the theoretical, ideal and homogeneous water absorption characteristics of the pore structure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the water absorption rate (surface water absorption rate) measured by visual observation on the actual structure of the abutment and the box culvert and the water absorption rate obtained by applying the above equation (2). It is.
- the water absorption characteristics vary considerably depending on the environmental conditions (climate, solar radiation, gravity, etc.) of the actual structure, as well as various factors such as design conditions and construction conditions, so the water absorption characteristics of the concrete surface of the actual structure are not necessarily Levitt's. It does not always match the theoretical formula. In addition, even if the water absorption characteristics of the concrete surface of the actual structure are compatible with Levitt's theoretical formula, it is extremely difficult to determine or define the values of the constants a and n each time for the concrete surface of any actual structure. Have difficulty.
- Non-Patent Document 1 the test method of Non-Patent Document 2 are not related to in-situ tests of actual structures, but even if these test methods can be applied to in-situ tests. Such information cannot be obtained from the water absorption test results (Non-Patent Document 1), which are only measured at the time of 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes after the start of water injection, and measured at time intervals in minutes.
- Non-Patent Document 2 Even the water absorption test results (Non-Patent Document 2), which are merely performed, cannot be obtained.
- Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5 in conventional in-situ tests of actual structures (Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5), the time from the start of water injection to the completion of water injection is long and unclear. It is not possible to measure the water absorption characteristics.
- the inventor uses the water absorption test apparatus 1 having the above-described configuration, measures the amount of water held in the water absorption chamber, the elapsed time after the completion of water injection, and the water absorption speed, and measures the water absorption measured at a predetermined elapsed time.
- the present invention proposes a water absorption test method of the present invention that identifies or compares causal factors or evaluation factors related to the compactness of the surface layer portion of concrete based on speed.
- the water absorption test device 1 can continuously measure and record changes in the water level WL in each water absorption test device 2 with the water level measurement device 9.
- the inventor conducted in-situ water absorption tests on a number of concrete structures using the water absorption test apparatus 1. Typical test results automatically measured in these water absorption tests are shown in FIG. FIG. 12 (A) shows the time change of the measured cumulative water absorption amount, and FIG. 12 (B) shows the time change of the cumulative water absorption amount shown in FIG.
- the time change of the water absorption rate (surface water absorption rate) is shown.
- the actual time required for water injection was about 5 seconds, but the detection start (the X-axis origin in each figure of FIG. 12) was set when 10 seconds had elapsed since the start of water injection.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the age of concrete board (the number of days elapsed since concrete placement), the water cement ratio, the formwork retention period (curing period), and the water absorption rate (surface water absorption rate).
- FIG.14 and FIG.15 is a diagram which shows the test result of the water absorption test regarding the concrete board
- FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the mold retention period and the water absorption rate (surface water absorption rate)
- FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the water cement ratio and the water absorption rate (surface water absorption rate).
- FIGS. 13 to 15 are measured values of the water absorption speed when 10 minutes have elapsed after the completion of water injection.
- the test results shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 relate to concrete plates manufactured using ordinary Portland cement, but the test results of concrete plates manufactured using blast furnace cement type B tend to be similar to this. showed that.
- the water absorption speed differs depending on the difference in the mold retention period.
- the water absorption rate decreases as the mold storage period is longer. This is considered to be caused by the fact that the concrete surface layer portion becomes denser as the mold storage period is longer.
- the water absorption speed varies depending on the difference in water cement ratio.
- the water absorption rate decreases as the water cement ratio decreases. This is considered to be due to the fact that the concrete surface layer portion becomes denser as the water cement ratio is smaller.
- the above water absorption test is carried out on a large number of actual structures for which construction records (water cement ratio, etc.) exist, and the elapsed time, water absorption speed, water cement after water injection is completed.
- the database can be constructed by statistically processing the causal factors or evaluation factors of the density, the curing period, and the like.
- the construction status water cement
- the construction status can be identified or compared by in situ water absorption tests.
- the density of the concrete surface layer part depends on the mix of concrete (expansion material used, etc.), the curing method of the concrete, the environmental conditions of the concrete structure (climate, solar radiation, gravity, etc.), the heat generated during the hydration reaction of cement, The difference also depends on the restraint state of the concrete structure and the use of a surface impregnating material (such as a water repellent material).
- the relationship between the water cement ratio, the curing period, and the water absorption rate was analyzed using the water absorption rate at about 10 minutes after the start of water injection as a criterion, but other causal factors or evaluation factors related to denseness are It is thought that it can be clarified by changing or selecting the condition of the water absorption speed (reference time, etc.) that is a criterion.
- Examples of causal factors and evaluation factors analyzed according to the present invention are as follows.
- cement type means cement type such as ordinary Portland cement, blast furnace cement, low heat Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, fly ash cement and the like. Examples of admixtures include expanded materials, blast furnace slag fine powder, fly ash and the like.
- Member size and member shape is a causal factor because it affects the heat generation and bleeding phenomenon during the hydration reaction.
- Age is a causal factor in relation to the progress of hydration reaction, moisture content, and the like. Since the void to be evaluated by the surface water absorption test is a capillary-sized void, the “denseness of the pore structure” as an evaluation factor is the denseness related to the capillary-sized void. In addition, damages that are not “fine cracks” (such as cracks that can be visually confirmed, joints, etc.) belong to water leaks, and thus were excluded from the above factors.
- FIG. 16 is a front view showing another usage pattern of the position fixing tool 3
- FIGS. 17 and 18 are sectional views taken along lines IV-IV and VI-VI in FIG.
- the pressure reducing device 50 includes the electric vacuum pump 51, it is necessary to secure a power source. However, in a situation where it is difficult to secure a required power source in the vicinity of the part to be tested of the concrete structure, the pressure reducing device 50 is used. I can't.
- the concrete structure S is generally constructed by placing fluidized concrete in a formwork and dismantling the formwork after the concrete is hardened. Therefore, the separator T used for the construction of the formwork is a concrete structure. Embedded in S and remains. The male screw portion at the end of the separator T is located in the truncated conical hole U that remains after the plastic cone is removed.
- the position fixing device 3 assumes that the water absorption test is performed in such a stage, that is, before the cement mortar is filled in the hole U of the separator T.
- a through hole 36 is provided at the center of the horizontal member 31.
- the female screw hole 81 of the connecting bolt 80 is screwed into the male screw portion of the separator T.
- the fixing screw 35 penetrating the through hole 36 is screwed into the female screw hole 82 of the connecting bolt 80, and the fixing screw 35 is tightened.
- the cement mortar is already filled and hardened in the hole U.
- the cement mortar in the hole U is removed and the separator T After the male screw portion is exposed in the hole U, the female screw hole 81 of the connecting bolt 80 may be screwed into the male screw portion of the separator T.
- the removal of cement mortar in the hole U is not a property that has a structural effect on the existing concrete, so such a water absorption test is also included in the complete nondestructive test or a test in accordance with the complete nondestructive test. I can grasp it.
- the horizontal member 31 is firmly supported by the concrete structure S via the connecting bolt 80 by tightening the fixing screw 35.
- the water absorption cup 20 presses the annular sealing material 23 against the vertical surface V by tightening the fixing screw 30 of the position fixing tool 3 and elastically compresses and deforms the annular sealing material 23. As a result, the annular sealing material 23 is elastically deformed and closely contacts the concrete surface (vertical surface V).
- a water absorption test is then performed as described above. The position fixture 3 and the water absorption cup 20 are removed after completion of the water absorption test, and cement mortar or the like is filled in the hole U.
- FIG. 19 is a front view, a longitudinal sectional view, and a transverse sectional view showing a modification of the water absorption test device 2.
- the water absorption cup 20 ′ has a water absorption cup 20 'having a double chamber structure.
- the water absorption cup 20 ′ further includes an outer peripheral wall portion 28 on the outer side of the peripheral wall portion 25, and the disk portion 26 having an enlarged diameter is connected to the outer peripheral wall portion 28.
- An annular seal member 23 ′ is sandwiched between the outer peripheral wall portion 28 and the vertical surface V.
- Water W (tap water) is injected inside the peripheral wall portion 25, and the water W is filled up to the topmost portion (water surface WL) of the pipeline 11.
- FIG. 20 conceptually shows a comparison between the water absorption by the water absorption cup 20 ′ having such a double chamber structure and the water absorption by the water absorption cup 20 (FIG. 1).
- the water absorption cup 20 ′ of FIG. 19 provided with an annular water absorption chamber C to which water W is supplied outside the peripheral wall portion 25 is based on such a concept.
- the water absorption cup 20 'shown in FIG. 19 it is considered possible to accurately perform the water permeability test on the concrete surface.
- the position fixing tool is configured to hold two water absorption test tools on the concrete surface, but the position fixing tool is configured to hold more water absorption test tools on the concrete surface. It may be configured.
- the water absorption cup is pressed against the concrete surface by a single fixing screw.
- the water absorption cup is pressed against the concrete surface by a plurality of fixing screws, or the water absorption cup is pressed by pressing means of another structure.
- the cup may be pressed against the concrete surface.
- the tapered widened portion at the lower end of the cylinder portion is used as the deaeration means, or the entire pipeline of the cylinder portion is deaerated by water injection from the drain pipe at the lowermost end of the water absorption chamber.
- a deaeration unit having another configuration for example, an exhaust port additionally provided in the water absorption cup as the deaeration unit.
- the present invention can be preferably applied to an in-situ water absorption test for measuring the water absorption of a concrete surface of an actual structure.
- the present invention is a water absorption test for identifying or comparing causal factors or evaluation factors (design conditions or construction conditions, environmental conditions of concrete structures, etc.) related to the denseness of the concrete surface layer portion of the actual structure. It can be preferably applied to.
- the denseness of the concrete surface layer portion is evaluated based on the in-situ water absorption test, and the quality of the design or construction is determined based on the test result of the in-situ water absorption test, or the environment where the concrete structure is placed.
- the usefulness of the present invention is remarkable.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Abstract
Description
前記吸水チャンバに保持された水の水量を連続的に検出し、或いは、微小時間間隔で継続的に検出して、注水完了後の経過時間及び吸水速度を測定し、
所定の経過時間において測定された前記吸水速度に基づいて、コンクリートの表層部分の緻密性と関連する原因因子又は評価因子の同定又は比較を行うことを特徴とするコンクリート表面の吸水試験方法を提供する。
前記吸水チャンバに保持された水の水量を連続的に検出し、或いは、前記水量を微小時間間隔で継続的に検出するための検出部を備えた検出器と、
該検出器の検出結果が入力され且つ注水完了後の経過時間及び吸水量を表示し又は記録する測定装置とを有することを特徴とするコンクリート表面の吸水試験装置を提供する。
y=dx/dt ・・・・・(1)
ここに、yは吸水速度(ml/m2/sec)、xは、コンクリート表面の単位面積(m2)あたりの累積吸水量(ml)、tは、時間(sec)である。
(1) 橋台
材齢:8年
セメント: 高炉B種
構造物の特徴:打重ね部及びセパレーターの近傍に多数のマイクロクラックが発生している。表面は乾燥している。
(2) ボックスカルバート
材齢:7年
セメント: 高炉B種
構造物の特徴:内部は日射が直接当たらず、常時湿度が高いためにコンクリート表面が湿っている。
y=a×t-n ・・・・・(2)
ここに、a、nは定数である。
上式(2)の定数aは、吸水開始後1秒時点での吸水速度を表すパラメータであり、主にコンクリート表面の緻密性(品質)と関連する。定数nは、一般には0.5±0.2の値をとる。定数nは、経時的な吸水量の変化を示すパラメータであり、時間経過とともに吸水速度が低下する度合いを示す。定数nは、主にコンクリート内部(表層部分)の緻密性と関連した値であり、nの値が大きい場合、コンクリート内部の緻密性(品質)が良いことを意味する。但し、この理論式は、理論的且つ理想的で均質な細孔組織の吸水特性を示すにすぎない。
(1)コンクリートの配合又は調合
・水セメント比
・単位水量
・セメントの種類
・混和材料の使用の有無
(2)フレッシュコンクリート(硬化前のコンクリート)の性状
・ブリーディング現象発生の有無又は程度
・材料分離抵抗性
(3)コンクリートの施工
・打込み速度
・締固め
・打込み温度
・環境温度
・部材寸法及び部材形状
・部材の拘束条件
・型枠撤去後の環境作用(気温、雨水の作用、湿度、日射の影響)
・養生条件(型枠存置期間、型枠撤去後の積極的な養生(湿潤養生等))
(4)環境要因
・気温、雨水の作用、湿度、日射
・材齢
(1)コンクリートの細孔組織の緻密性
(2)メゾレベルの空隙による緻密性の低下
・ブリーディング現象による骨材下等の空隙
・微細ひび割れ
・打継ぎ目、打重ね部
2 吸水試験具
3 位置固定具
6 注水器具
7 可撓注水管
9 水位計測装置
10 シリンダー部
20、20’ 吸水カップ
30 固定螺子
40 吸着部
50 減圧装置
60 円筒形容器
70 管継手又は接続具
80 連結ボルト
90 水圧センサ
90a 検知部
91 自動記録装置
92 制御信号線
B 吸水チャンバ
E 吸引チャンバ
L 鉛直距離
S コンクリート構造物
V 鉛直面
LL 水平面
W 水
HL 初期水位
WL 水面
Claims (19)
- 吸水カップの吸水開口の縁部をコンクリート構造物のコンクリート表面に密接させ、吸水試験用の水を前記吸水チャンバ内に注入し、前記吸水カップ内の吸水チャンバから前記コンクリート構造物に吸水される水量を原位置測定するコンクリート表面の吸水試験方法において、
前記吸水チャンバに保持された水の水量を連続的に検出し、或いは、微小時間間隔で継続的に検出して、注水完了後の経過時間及び吸水速度を測定し、
所定の経過時間において測定された前記吸水速度に基づいて、コンクリートの表層部分の緻密性と関連する原因因子又は評価因子の同定又は比較を行うことを特徴とするコンクリート表面の吸水試験方法。 - 前記原因因子又は評価因子は、コンクリート打設時の水セメント比、或いは、コンクリート打設後の型枠存置期間であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の吸水試験方法。
- 前記水量は、前記チャンバ内の水圧によって検出されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の吸水試験方法。
- 前記時間間隔は、10秒以下の時間であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の吸水試験方法。
- 前記吸水チャンバに対する水の注入を15秒以内に完了して前記コンクリート表面の吸水量の計測を注水開始後15秒以内に開始することを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の吸水試験方法。
- 前記吸水開口は、5000mm2以上の開口面積を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の吸水試験方法。
- 前記コンクリート表面に作用する負圧、或いは、前記コンクリート構造物に埋設された既設螺子部材との機械的連結手段を用いて、前記吸水カップを前記コンクリート表面に一体的に連結することを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の吸水試験方法。
- 原位置吸水試験用の水を充満可能な吸水チャンバを備えた吸水カップを有し、該吸水カップは、コンクリート構造物のコンクリート表面に密接可能な縁部に囲まれた吸水開口を備えており、前記コンクリート表面が前記吸水開口を介して前記吸水チャンバ内の水に接触して吸水するコンクリート表面の吸水試験装置において、
前記吸水チャンバに保持された水の水量を連続的に検出し、或いは、前記水量を微小時間間隔で継続的に検出するための検出部を備えた検出器と、
該検出器の検出結果が入力され且つ注水完了後の経過時間及び吸水量を表示し又は記録する測定装置とを有することを特徴とするコンクリート表面の吸水試験装置。 - 前記検出器は、前記吸水チャンバ内の水圧を検出する水圧センサであり、前記測定装置は、前記水圧センサの検出値を前記吸水量に変換する検出値変換手段を有することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の吸水試験装置。
- 前記水圧センサの検知部は、前記吸水チャンバの最下部又はその近傍の水圧を検出するように前記吸水カップ内に挿入されることを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の吸水試験装置。
- 前記測定装置は、単位時間当りの吸水量の変化又は変動に基づいて吸水速度を演算する吸水速度演算手段を更に有することを特徴とする請求項8乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の吸水試験装置。
- 前記吸水カップの位置を固定する位置固定具を有し、該位置固定具は、前記コンクリート表面から間隔を隔てた位置に配置された横架材と、該横架材によって支持され且つ前記吸水カップを前記コンクリート表面に向かって押圧する押圧具と、前記横架材の位置を保持し且つ該横架材を前記コンクリート構造物に一体的に連結する保持具とを有することを特徴とする請求項8乃至11のいずれか1項に記載の吸水試験装置。
- 前記保持具は、前記コンクリート構造物の表面に負圧下に吸着する吸着手段、或いは、前記コンクリート構造物に埋設された既設螺子部材に螺合する機械的連結手段を有し、前記吸着手段又は機械的連結手段は、前記横架材に作用する前記押圧具の反力を超える力で該横架材を前記コンクリート構造物に連結することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の吸水試験装置。
- 前記吸着手段は、前記コンクリート表面に吸着可能な吸着部と、該吸着部と前記コンクリート表面との間で密封された負圧チャンバと、該負圧チャンバ内の空気を吸引する減圧装置に対して前記負圧チャンバを接続する減圧装置接続手段とを有することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の吸水試験装置。
- 前記既設螺子部材は、前記コンクリート構造物に少なくとも部分的に埋め込まれたセパレーターからなり、前記機械的連結手段は、前記セパレーターの螺子部に螺合する螺子連結部を備えた連結具からなることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の吸水試験装置。
- 前記吸水開口は、5000mm2以上の開口面積を有することを特徴とする請求項8乃至15のいずれか1項に記載の吸水試験装置。
- 前記吸水カップは、前記吸水チャンバへの注水時に該吸水チャンバ内の空気泡の排出を促進する脱気手段を有することを特徴とする8乃至16のいずれか1項に記載の吸水試験装置。
- 請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載された吸水試験方法において、吸水カップ内の水を所定圧力に加圧してコンクリート表面の透水量を測定することを特徴とするコンクリート表面の吸水試験方法。
- 請求項8乃至17のいずれか1項に記載された吸水試験装置の吸水カップに加圧手段を更に設け、該加圧手段により、前記吸水チャンバ内の水を所定圧力に加圧してコンクリート表面の透水量を測定するようにしたことを特徴とするコンクリート表面の吸水試験装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12765746.8A EP2693186A4 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-30 | WATER ABSORPTION TEST METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONCRETE SURFACE |
US14/008,819 US9459192B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-30 | Water absorption test method and water absorption test device for concrete surface |
JP2013507793A JP5880981B2 (ja) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-30 | コンクリート表面の吸水試験方法及び吸水試験装置 |
CN201280016994.5A CN103460006B (zh) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-30 | 混凝土表面的吸水试验方法和吸水试验装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011-076916 | 2011-03-31 | ||
JP2011076916 | 2011-03-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012133784A1 true WO2012133784A1 (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
Family
ID=46931479
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/058605 WO2012133784A1 (ja) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-30 | コンクリート表面の吸水試験方法及び吸水試験装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9459192B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2693186A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5880981B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103460006B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012133784A1 (ja) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103471953A (zh) * | 2013-09-25 | 2013-12-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种混凝土表面毛细吸水率自动测试系统及其测试方法 |
JP2014228520A (ja) * | 2013-05-27 | 2014-12-08 | 学校法人 中村産業学園 | コンクリート構造物の透水性試験に基づく品質評価方法 |
JP2015055574A (ja) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-03-23 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | セメント硬化体の劣化状態分析方法 |
JP2016217774A (ja) * | 2015-05-15 | 2016-12-22 | 株式会社神清 | 雨漏りの検査方法 |
JP6054568B1 (ja) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-12-27 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 部分加圧装置 |
CN107044949A (zh) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-08-15 | 山东大学 | 一种测定混凝土表面硅烷涂层吸水率的装置及其使用方法 |
JP2018054568A (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | 株式会社 エバープロテクト | 透水性検査装置 |
CN108519320A (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-09-11 | 中铁十七局集团第三工程有限公司 | 建筑物表面抗渗水性能检测装置 |
CN109946202A (zh) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-06-28 | 四川省劲腾环保建材有限公司 | 一种制备膨化渣陶粒过程中检测吸水率装置 |
CN115598038A (zh) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-01-13 | 叙镇铁路有限责任公司(Cn) | 改性透水路面堵塞恢复能力室内试验测定装置 |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101554165B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-09-21 | 한국건설기술연구원 | 화재손상 콘크리트 구조물의 잔존수명 예측 시스템 및 그 방법 |
WO2016108213A1 (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-07 | Università Degli Studi "Mediterranea" Di Reggio Calabria | Apparatus for testing of water permeability of samples of building facades |
CN104596910A (zh) * | 2015-02-03 | 2015-05-06 | 重庆大学 | 混凝土渗透性原位无损测试装置及其测试方法 |
CZ306306B6 (cs) * | 2015-03-25 | 2016-11-23 | Ăšstav teoretickĂ© a aplikovanĂ© mechaniky AV ÄŚR, v. v. i. | Přístroj pro měření nasákavosti |
CN105115861B (zh) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-02-09 | 北京佳固士防水科技有限公司 | 检测混凝土表面吸水过程的方法 |
US10338053B2 (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2019-07-02 | Solidia Technologies, Inc. | Curing-drying model and its applications |
CN105842129A (zh) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-10 | 东南大学 | 一种多孔材料吸水过程的连续监测装置和方法 |
CN105866007B (zh) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-04-26 | 大连理工大学 | 持续荷载作用下混凝土毛细吸水测试装置及其测试方法 |
WO2017222475A1 (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2017-12-28 | Nanyang Technological University | Method and arrangement for determining at least one pore-related parameter of a porous structure |
CN106198355A (zh) * | 2016-09-09 | 2016-12-07 | 东南大学 | 一种多孔材料吸水过程的连续监测装置和方法 |
CN106771101B (zh) * | 2017-01-16 | 2019-12-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种混凝土类材料吸水系数的测试装置及方法 |
CN107894384B (zh) * | 2017-11-10 | 2021-04-27 | 石家庄铁道大学 | 富水区裂隙岩体隧道衬砌水压力分布试验模拟系统 |
CN107941671B (zh) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-08-11 | 石家庄铁道大学 | 富水区裂隙岩体隧道衬砌水压力分布试验模拟方法 |
CN108051540B (zh) * | 2017-11-30 | 2020-10-09 | 三峡大学 | 一种岩石损伤原位测量装置及测量方法 |
US10571383B2 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2020-02-25 | James Joseph Spiegel | Concrete crack seal tester |
US10890518B2 (en) | 2017-12-11 | 2021-01-12 | James Joseph Spiegel | Substrate seal test method and apparatus |
US10970796B2 (en) | 2018-02-17 | 2021-04-06 | Constru Ltd | System and method for hybrid processing of construction site images |
US10228360B2 (en) * | 2018-02-18 | 2019-03-12 | Constru Ltd | System and method for determining the quality of concrete |
CN108918376B (zh) * | 2018-05-17 | 2021-01-05 | 云南省建筑科学研究院 | 一种检测混凝土表面渗透性及养护效果的装置及试验方法 |
CN109115662B (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2021-09-14 | 中铁十七局集团第三工程有限公司 | 现场检测建筑物表面抗渗水性能的检测方法 |
CN109100282A (zh) * | 2018-09-10 | 2018-12-28 | 南通市建筑科学研究院有限公司 | 混凝土抗水渗透性能的原位检测仪及检测方法 |
CN109406340A (zh) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-01 | 浙江大学 | 锤击预压式测试套筒连接结构注浆密实度的装置及方法 |
CN109813626B (zh) * | 2019-03-28 | 2023-10-20 | 青岛理工大学 | 一种平行持载作用方向的混凝土吸水率测试装置 |
CN110646329A (zh) * | 2019-08-26 | 2020-01-03 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | 缓倾角软弱结构面灌浆后渗透变形现场试验方法及其试样装置 |
US11402287B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2022-08-02 | Structural Group, Inc. | Mechanical formwork pressure sensor for in-situ measurement of fluid pressure during concrete matertal placement and method of using the same |
CN113029891B (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2022-09-20 | 山西大地华基建材科技有限公司 | 一种反应透水砖透水性能的演示装置 |
CN114504236B (zh) * | 2020-11-16 | 2023-12-05 | 浙江苏泊尔家电制造有限公司 | 烹饪方法、烹饪器具和计算机可读存储介质 |
CN112697673B (zh) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-09-17 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | 一种穿堤无压涵管接触渗流破坏的可视化试验装置与方法 |
CN114166692B (zh) * | 2021-12-01 | 2024-05-28 | 浙江华威混凝土有限公司 | 一种减水剂性能综合评价方法 |
CN117607406A (zh) * | 2022-05-16 | 2024-02-27 | 山东国建工程集团有限公司 | 砌块泥浆饱满度检测装置 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000097748A (ja) * | 1998-09-24 | 2000-04-07 | Ebara Corp | 静電容量型投込圧力式水位計 |
JP2004020511A (ja) * | 2002-06-20 | 2004-01-22 | Taisei Corp | ロック材の比重及び吸水率の測定方法 |
JP2005106724A (ja) * | 2003-10-01 | 2005-04-21 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | コンクリートコア採取装置 |
JP2010133708A (ja) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-06-17 | Tadashi Obuchi | 建造物の雨漏り検査方法、および装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1004915C2 (nl) * | 1996-12-30 | 1998-07-06 | Kema Nv | Inrichting en werkwijze voor het meten van de kwaliteit van beton. |
JP4390066B2 (ja) * | 2004-10-25 | 2009-12-24 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 液位検出方法及び液位検出装置 |
US8116913B2 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2012-02-14 | Air Energy Solutions, Inc. | Heating and cooling system using compressed fluid |
CN201444105U (zh) | 2009-07-12 | 2010-04-28 | 王明武 | 机械密封试压装置 |
CN201575965U (zh) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-09-08 | 北京首瑞测控技术有限公司 | 混凝土渗透性测试仪 |
-
2012
- 2012-03-30 JP JP2013507793A patent/JP5880981B2/ja active Active
- 2012-03-30 US US14/008,819 patent/US9459192B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-30 CN CN201280016994.5A patent/CN103460006B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-30 WO PCT/JP2012/058605 patent/WO2012133784A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-03-30 EP EP12765746.8A patent/EP2693186A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000097748A (ja) * | 1998-09-24 | 2000-04-07 | Ebara Corp | 静電容量型投込圧力式水位計 |
JP2004020511A (ja) * | 2002-06-20 | 2004-01-22 | Taisei Corp | ロック材の比重及び吸水率の測定方法 |
JP2005106724A (ja) * | 2003-10-01 | 2005-04-21 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | コンクリートコア採取装置 |
JP2010133708A (ja) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-06-17 | Tadashi Obuchi | 建造物の雨漏り検査方法、および装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (8)
Title |
---|
"An automated method for the measurement of surface water absorption into permeable materials", CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, vol. 9, no. 1, 1995, pages 3 - 10 |
"Research of Durability of Permeation-Type Water Absorption Preventive Material", REPAIR AND REINFORCEMENT OF CONCRETE STRUCTURE, UPGRADE REPORT OF ACADEMIC ARTICLE, vol. 10, October 2010 (2010-10-01) |
"Water permeability test method for simply evaluating waterproof performance of water repellent for concrete", CONCRETE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, ANNUAL ACADEMIC ARTICLE, vol. 28, no. 1, 2006, pages 2009 - 2014 |
AKIRA HOSODA ET AL.: "Effects of Microcrack of Surface Layer Concrete on Surface Absorption and Surface Permeability", CAJ PROCEEDINGS OF CEMENT & CONCRETE, 25 February 2010 (2010-02-25), pages 196 - 203, XP055143443 * |
EITOU KYO ET AL.: "Study on Characterization of Hardened Concrete from Water Absorption- Time Curve", JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING, April 2003 (2003-04-01), pages 1 - 6, XP008172404 * |
KAZUHIKO HAYASHI ET AL.: "Concrete Jitsukozobutsu ni Tekiyo dekiru Hyomen Kyusui Shiken Hoho no Kaihatsu", PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE, vol. 33, no. 1, 15 June 2011 (2011-06-15), pages 1769 - 1774, XP008171706 * |
M. LEVITT: "Proceedings of a Symposium on Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete and Timber", June 1969, INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, article "Non-destructive Testing of Concrete by the initial surface absorption method", pages: 23 - 26 |
See also references of EP2693186A4 |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014228520A (ja) * | 2013-05-27 | 2014-12-08 | 学校法人 中村産業学園 | コンクリート構造物の透水性試験に基づく品質評価方法 |
JP2015055574A (ja) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-03-23 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | セメント硬化体の劣化状態分析方法 |
CN103471953A (zh) * | 2013-09-25 | 2013-12-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种混凝土表面毛细吸水率自动测试系统及其测试方法 |
JP2016217774A (ja) * | 2015-05-15 | 2016-12-22 | 株式会社神清 | 雨漏りの検査方法 |
JP6054568B1 (ja) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-12-27 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 部分加圧装置 |
JP2018054568A (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | 株式会社 エバープロテクト | 透水性検査装置 |
CN107044949A (zh) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-08-15 | 山东大学 | 一种测定混凝土表面硅烷涂层吸水率的装置及其使用方法 |
CN107044949B (zh) * | 2017-01-10 | 2023-05-09 | 山东大学 | 一种测定混凝土表面硅烷涂层吸水率的装置及其使用方法 |
CN108519320A (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-09-11 | 中铁十七局集团第三工程有限公司 | 建筑物表面抗渗水性能检测装置 |
CN109946202A (zh) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-06-28 | 四川省劲腾环保建材有限公司 | 一种制备膨化渣陶粒过程中检测吸水率装置 |
CN109946202B (zh) * | 2019-04-19 | 2024-05-10 | 四川省劲腾环保建材有限公司 | 一种制备膨化渣陶粒过程中检测吸水率装置 |
CN115598038A (zh) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-01-13 | 叙镇铁路有限责任公司(Cn) | 改性透水路面堵塞恢复能力室内试验测定装置 |
CN115598038B (zh) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-03-28 | 叙镇铁路有限责任公司 | 改性透水路面堵塞恢复能力室内试验测定装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9459192B2 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
US20140013833A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
EP2693186A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
EP2693186A4 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
JPWO2012133784A1 (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
CN103460006B (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
JP5880981B2 (ja) | 2016-03-09 |
CN103460006A (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5880981B2 (ja) | コンクリート表面の吸水試験方法及び吸水試験装置 | |
US4979390A (en) | Method and apparatus for testing relative permeability of materials | |
Claisse et al. | Absorption and sorptivity of cover concrete | |
CN101358916B (zh) | 荷载作用下混凝土渗透仪 | |
JP5611417B1 (ja) | コンクリート構造物の透水性試験に基づく品質評価方法 | |
CN103226089B (zh) | 一种页岩气体渗透率测定方法 | |
CN108982327A (zh) | 一种损伤混凝土渗透性检测装置 | |
CN105866007A (zh) | 持续荷载作用下混凝土毛细吸水测试装置及其测试方法 | |
CN101387597A (zh) | 拉应力下混凝土水渗透性测试装置及测试方法 | |
CN102221387B (zh) | 一种可直接测定土样体积变化的压力板仪 | |
DeSouza et al. | A field test for evaluating high performance concrete covercrete quality | |
CN109282783A (zh) | 一种混凝土碳化深度原位无损测量装置及方法 | |
CN102692370B (zh) | 涂层原位压力渗透测试方法和装置 | |
Gupta et al. | Innovative test technique to evaluate “self-sealing” of concrete | |
Janz | Moisture diffusivities evaluated at high moisture levels from a series of water absorption tests | |
CN100557443C (zh) | 微裂状态混凝土自然渗透测试仪 | |
JP2016003909A (ja) | 吸水試験装置 | |
CN216208232U (zh) | 一种沥青混合料力学性能测试装置 | |
CN110542636A (zh) | 部分饱和的水泥基材料渗透系数测定方法及其试验装置 | |
Dhir et al. | Preconditioning in situ concrete for permeation testing Part 1: Initial surface absorption | |
CN114324101A (zh) | 一种量测土体饱和度的渗透固结装置及其使用方法 | |
JP4549797B2 (ja) | アスファルト混合物用加圧透水装置、及び、アスファルト混合物のはく離抵抗性評価方法 | |
CN211179447U (zh) | 部分饱和的水泥基材料渗透系数测定试验装置 | |
CN216433826U (zh) | 一种原位表层混凝土透气性测试仪 | |
US20220334096A1 (en) | Monitoring of concrete curing |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12765746 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013507793 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14008819 Country of ref document: US |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2012765746 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012765746 Country of ref document: EP |