Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
  • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
  • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
  • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
  • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
  • C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
  • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
  • F23M5/025—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used specially adapted for burner openings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
  • F27B3/02—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces of single-chamber fixed-hearth type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
  • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
  • F27B3/20—Arrangements of heating devices
  • F27B3/205—Burners
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
  • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
  • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping

Definitions

• the invention relates to a melting apparatus, in particular a melting apparatus for melting non-metallic materials, such as ceramic frit.
• Ceramics, glass or basalt are known per se. These usually have a melting tank and a plurality of burners whose burner flames are directed during operation into the interior of the melting tank.
• the associated burners are usually operated with fossil fuels, mostly natural gas or oil.
• an oxidizing agent is supplied, which is usually air, but in newer plants increasingly but also pure oxygen.
• preheated air is supplied through the outlet openings in the furnace wall the furnace interior.
• EP 2 030 953 A1 describes a method and an apparatus for melting glass in which a glass batch is fed via an inlet region of a glass melting tank. Subsequently, the glass is replaced by the
• the object of the invention is to increase the cost-effectiveness of melting non-metallic materials and the NO x pollution of the exhaust gas
• the melting device comprises a melting tank, which has an entry region for the material to be melted, a discharge channel for
• molten material and arranged in a wall opposite the entry area wall burner assembly having a plurality of burners arranged in a burner, wherein at least two burners of
• Burner assembly are set so different angularly that at least two zones with on the surface of the melted Guts
• the invention is based on a melting furnace in the form of a substantially horizontally arranged trough (melting tank), at least over most of its longitudinal extent of the material to be melted (im
• an entry region which is arranged in the region of a front side of the melting tank and typically comprises entry openings for supplying the material to be melted, wherein the entry openings in the front side itself and / or in the front side adjacent portions of a side wall In solid form, for example as a granulate fed Good is in a the
• Inlet opening / en opposite end face of the melting tank is arranged in the bottom region.
• the transport of the product through the melting tank preferably takes place in that the molten material flows under the action of gravity in the direction of the discharge channel;
• the melting tank can have a bottom sloping down to the discharge channel. The Melted good is then via the discharge channel of the other
• the heating of the material to be melted is carried out at least substantially by means of a burner arrangement which is located on an entry area for the
• the burner assembly comprises a plurality of burners received in a burner stone or in separate burner bricks, which are set at an angle so that the fuel gases flowing out of them impinge on the surface of the product.
• the angles by which the burners are each employed depend on the geometry of the melting tank; However, at least two burners on different angular positions, so that different areas of the surface of the Guts charged with fuel gases and thus different zones of heat input are created.
• a relative to the horizontal flatter angular position is provided for one or more burners, which act on a region adjacent to the entry area of the material surface to create in this area a melting zone for melting the registered Guts.
• Burner steeper angular position relative to the horizontal serves / serve to keep the already molten material in a "warming zone" at a predetermined temperature and / or viscosity in the liquid state
• Warming zone is thus between the melting zone and the discharge channel.
• additional functional zones may additionally be present within the melt and be subjected to heat by means of a burner arranged at an angle correspondingly, for example a refining zone.
• feeder burners can be provided in a manner known per se, which keep the outflowing strand of the liquefied material at a predetermined temperature and / or viscosity. The number, power (s) and angle (s) of the burners is the
• a compact device comprises three burners mounted in a burner assembly located in a side wall opposite the entry region
• Melting wall is arranged. Of these burners at least two burners are provided for melting the goods and with respect to the
• Horizontal acute angles of, for example, 5 ° to 10 ° are mounted in the burner assembly.
• the angle is such that the fuel gases passing from these burners onto the surface of the material in here as a melting zone
• the third burner is used for
• This third burner thus has a steeper angle of attack of, for example, 20 ° to 45 ° relative to the horizontal, compared with the two other burners, and generally has a lower maximum power than the aforementioned burners. Larger arrangements have a burner arrangement with more than three burners for the aforementioned or other purposes.
• the burners of the device according to the invention preferably operate with liquid or gaseous fuels such as oil, propane, natural gas or others
• Hydrocarbons and an oxygen-containing gas as an oxidizing agent Hydrocarbons and an oxygen-containing gas as an oxidizing agent.
• the oxidizing agent is preferably an oxygen-rich gas, ie a gas with an oxygen concentration which is greater than that of air, for example with an oxygen concentration of more than 25% by volume, preferably more than 40% by volume, especially preferably more than 90% by volume O 2 .
• the inventive arrangement provides a high yield of molten material with a comparatively small fuel consumption and small footprint, thus high efficiency, low energy consumption and a low NO x concentration in the exhaust gas.
• the melting device according to the invention is particularly suitable for Melting non-metallic materials, in particular glass, ceramic frit or basalt.
• an advantageous development of the invention provides that the angular position of at least one burner is adjustable.
• the setting of the burner in the burner assembly of the respective melting task can be adjusted or optimized.
• the angular position of each burner - even during operation - can be adjusted continuously;
• a preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the power of at least one burner in dependence on parameters measured in the melting tank, such as the temperature or the
• Composition of the atmosphere in the melting tank or the temperature or viscosity of the melt is controllable.
• the control is preferably carried out zone-dependent, i. the power of the burners acting on one zone can be regulated independently of the power of the burners acting on the other zone (s).
• At least one of the burners of the burner arrangement can be operated with oxygen as oxidizing agent.
• oxygen burners increases the efficiency and significantly reduces the proportion of nitrogen oxides compared to burners that use air as the oxidant.
• oxygen is meant here a gas whose oxygen content is at least 95 vol .-%, preferably at least 99 vol .-%.
• an air / oxygen mixed burner in which the oxygen proportion of the oxidant fed can be adjusted, preferably in the entire range between 21% by volume, the oxygen content in air, and 100 % by volume.
• An example of such a burner is known from WO 2008 092 763 A1.
• the oxygen content of the oxidizing agent supplied to the air / oxygen mixing burner may vary depending on the melting tank
• the burner should be there
• the temperature of the atmosphere within the melting tank or parameters of the melt itself, such as temperature or viscosity come into consideration as parameters for regulating the oxygen concentration.
• the angular position of one or more burners can also be the subject of a control.
• one or more burners of the burner assembly are designed for flameless operation.
• fuel and / or oxidant for one or more burners are diluted to such an extent by the admixing of recirculated fuel gases from the atmosphere of the melting tank that the ratio of fuel to oxidant shifts outside of the ignition range.
• flameless combustion the exothermic oxidation of the fuel is due to the dilution no longer localized, but in the entire furnace chamber, which is covered by the flameless burner.
• the flameless operation allows a more even
• the object of the invention is also achieved by a method for melting a good, in which a device according to the invention is used.
• a preferred use of a device according to the invention consists in melting non-metallic materials, in particular ceramic frit or basalt.
• non-metallic materials in particular ceramic frit or basalt.
• flameless air / oxygen mixing burners required for the melting of ceramic frit temperatures between 1200 ° C and 1650 ° C can be easily maintained with little use of fuel and to produce a very low NO x exhaust gas.
• FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention in a sectional view
• Fig. 2a the burner assembly of the device of FIG. 1 in a front view
• FIG. 2b shows the burner arrangement from FIG. 2a in a sectional view along the FIG.
• the melting apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a melting tank 2 with a feed region 3 for feeding a material, a receiving region 4 for receiving the melt 5 and a discharge channel 6 for removing the molten material from the melting tank 2 for further processing.
• Burner lances be arranged whose task is the melt 5 on the way to further processing process steps on a given
• Burner assembly 8 is used.
• the burner assembly 8 is in a the
• the burners 12, 13, 14 are received in recesses 16, 17, 18 of the burner block 1 1.
• the recesses are formed such that an angle relative to the horizontal angular position of the burner 12, 13, 14 is made possible within the burner block 1 1.
• the angle of attack a the burner 13, 14 are dimensioned so that from the burners 13, 14, a melting zone 20 is subjected to a maximum of heat, in which the discontinued Good is melted.
• the melting zone 20 is preferably in the half of the melting tank 20 facing the entry area; of the Angle of attack a of the two burners 13, 14 relative to the horizontal depends on the geometry of the melting tank and is for example between 5 ° and 10 °.
• the burners 13, 14 may, in addition, additionally be oriented pointing toward a vertical center plane of the melting tank 20.
• the angle of incidence of the burner 12 is dimensioned such that a heat retention zone 21 is subjected to a maximum of heat within the half of the melt facing the discharge channel 6.
• the outgoing heat from the burner 12 thus serves in particular to keep the melt 5 at a predetermined temperature prior to discharge via the discharge channel 6 in the liquid state.
• the angle of attack ß of the burner 12 relative to the horizontal is therefore steeper than the angle of attack a of the burner 13, 14 and is - again in
• the burner 12 is received in the recess 16 such that the angle of attack ß - as by the
• the burners 12, 13, 14 are in each case mixing burners of the type described in WO 2008 092763 A1, in which both air and oxygen are supplied as oxidizing agent via separate feeds, wherein the
• Oxygen content in the oxidant can be varied continuously between 21 vol .-% and 100 vol .-%. Natural gas is used as fuel in the exemplary embodiment, but other gaseous or liquid fuels may also be used. The power of the two burners 13, 14 is the same while
• Burner 12 may have a different performance; For example, the maximum power of the burners 13, 14 is 750 kW each, while burner 12 has a maximum power of 600 kW.
• the burners 12, 13, 14 are for the
• FIG. 1 shows temperature sensors 23, 24 which measure the temperature of the furnace atmosphere; however, other parameters, such as
• Temperature or viscosity of the melt 5 enter into the regulation of the burner power.
• the temperature sensors 23 24 which are arranged in the region of the ceiling of the melting tank 2 or the side walls (seen from the burner assembly 8 forth), the temperature in the atmosphere of
• Melting tank 2 for example in the region of the melting zone 20 and the
• Warming zone 21 detected and transmitted to a control unit, not shown here.
• the controller then controls the proportionate supply of air and oxygen and / or fuel to the burners 12, 13, 14 after one
• the firing is set by the burners 12, 13, 14 so that in the case of soft ceramic frit, a temperature in the region of the holding zone 21 of 1360 ° C is maintained, in the case of hard ceramic frit a temperature of 1450 ° C.
• the material to be melted passes through the melting tank 2 in accordance with the arrows shown in FIG.
• the material is introduced via the entry region 3 into the melting tank and melted in the melting zone 20 by means of the burners 14, 15.
• the molten material passes into the holding zone 21, where it is kept by means of the burner 12 to a predetermined temperature. Subsequently, the molten material leaves the melting tank 2 through the discharge channel 6 and is then further processed (not shown here).
• flameless mixing burners as burner 12, 13, 14 is a very uniform, homogeneous heating of the melt 5 and the wear of the furnace walls of the melting tank 2 is reduced.
• the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for high-temperature applications.
• nitrogen oxide emissions are significantly reduced over prior art melters.
• Furnace plant can be increased from approx. 20 t / d to 45 t / d.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
• Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=45876780

Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (2)

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Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 2011
  • 2011-03-25 DE DE102011014996A patent/DE102011014996A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2012
  • 2012-03-22 EP EP12710266.3A patent/EP2688846A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2012-03-22 WO PCT/EP2012/055108 patent/WO2012130725A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2012-03-22 CN CN201280022335.2A patent/CN103562148A/zh active Pending

Patent Citations (6)

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