WO2012128199A1 - 油圧ショベルの較正装置及び油圧ショベルの較正方法 - Google Patents
油圧ショベルの較正装置及び油圧ショベルの較正方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012128199A1 WO2012128199A1 PCT/JP2012/056822 JP2012056822W WO2012128199A1 WO 2012128199 A1 WO2012128199 A1 WO 2012128199A1 JP 2012056822 W JP2012056822 W JP 2012056822W WO 2012128199 A1 WO2012128199 A1 WO 2012128199A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/261—Surveying the work-site to be treated
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/264—Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F19/00—Calibrated capacity measures for fluids or fluent solid material, e.g. measuring cups
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/14—Receivers specially adapted for specific applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
- G01S19/43—Determining position using carrier phase measurements, e.g. kinematic positioning; using long or short baseline interferometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
- G01S19/45—Determining position by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement
- G01S19/47—Determining position by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement the supplementary measurement being an inertial measurement, e.g. tightly coupled inertial
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/53—Determining attitude
- G01S19/54—Determining attitude using carrier phase measurements; using long or short baseline interferometry
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydraulic excavator calibration device and a hydraulic excavator calibration method.
- a hydraulic excavator provided with a position detection device that detects a current position of a work point of a work machine is known.
- the position coordinates of the blade edge of the bucket are calculated based on the position information from the GPS antenna.
- the position coordinates of the blade edge of the bucket based on parameters such as the positional relationship between the GPS antenna and the boom pin, the lengths of the boom, arm, and bucket, and the direction angles of the boom, arm, and bucket. Is calculated.
- the accuracy of the position coordinates of the calculated blade edge of the bucket is affected by the accuracy of the parameters described above.
- these parameters usually have errors with respect to design values.
- the parameter is measured by a measuring means such as a measure tape.
- it is not easy to accurately measure parameters by a measuring means such as a measure tape.
- it takes a lot of time to measure all the parameters, which is complicated.
- the accuracy of position detection by the position detection device is confirmed.
- the position coordinates of the blade edge of the bucket are directly measured by GPS.
- the position coordinates of the blade edge of the bucket calculated by the position detection device and the position coordinates of the blade edge of the bucket directly measured by the GPS measurement device are compared. If the position coordinates of the blade edge of the bucket calculated by the position detection device and the position coordinates of the blade edge of the bucket directly measured by the GPS measurement device do not match, until these position coordinates match, The measurement of the parameter by the measure tape and the input to the position detection device are repeated. In other words, the parameter values are adjusted until the measured value and the calculated value of the position coordinates match.
- Such a calibration operation requires a very long time and is complicated.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a calibration apparatus and a calibration method for a hydraulic excavator that can improve the accuracy of position detection of a work point and can shorten the calibration work time.
- the hydraulic excavator calibration device is a calibration device for calibrating work implement parameters and antenna parameters in the hydraulic excavator.
- the hydraulic excavator includes a vehicle body, a work implement, an angle detection unit, a position detection unit, a first current position calculation unit, and a second current position calculation unit.
- the work machine includes a boom that is swingably attached to the vehicle body, an arm that is swingably attached to the boom, and a work tool that is swingably attached to the arm.
- the angle detection unit detects a swing angle of the boom with respect to the vehicle body, a swing angle of the arm with respect to the boom, and a swing angle of the work tool with respect to the arm.
- the position detection unit includes an antenna and detects the current position of the antenna in the global coordinate system.
- the first current position calculation unit calculates a current position in the vehicle body coordinate system of a work point included in the work tool based on a plurality of work implement parameters indicating dimensions and swing angles of the boom, the arm, and the work tool.
- the second current position calculation unit includes an antenna parameter indicating the positional relationship between the antenna and the boom, the current position of the antenna detected by the position detection unit in the global coordinate system, and the vehicle body at the work point calculated by the first current position calculation unit.
- the current position of the work point in the global coordinate system is calculated from the current position in the coordinate system.
- the excavator calibration apparatus includes an input unit, a first calibration calculation unit, and a second calibration calculation unit.
- the input unit is a part to which work point position information and antenna position information are input.
- the work point position information indicates coordinates at a plurality of positions of the work point measured by the external measurement device.
- the antenna position information indicates the coordinates of the antenna position measured by the external measuring device.
- the first calibration calculation unit calculates a calibration value of the work implement parameter by numerical analysis based on the work point position information input to the input unit.
- the second calibration calculation unit calibrates the antenna parameter based on the antenna position information input to the input unit.
- a hydraulic excavator calibration apparatus is the hydraulic excavator calibration apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the antenna position information is symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the upper surface of the antenna.
- the coordinates indicating the positions of the first measurement point and the second measurement point are included.
- the second calibration calculation unit calculates the coordinates of the midpoint between the first measurement point and the second measurement point as the coordinates of the antenna position.
- the hydraulic excavator calibration method is a calibration method for calibrating work implement parameters and antenna parameters in the hydraulic excavator.
- the hydraulic excavator includes a vehicle body, a work implement, an angle detection unit, a position detection unit, a first current position calculation unit, and a second current position calculation unit.
- the work machine includes a boom that is swingably attached to the vehicle body, an arm that is swingably attached to the boom, and a work tool that is swingably attached to the arm.
- the angle detection unit detects a swing angle of the boom with respect to the vehicle body, a swing angle of the arm with respect to the boom, and a swing angle of the work tool with respect to the arm.
- the position detection unit includes an antenna and detects the current position of the antenna in the global coordinate system.
- the first current position calculation unit calculates a current position in the vehicle body coordinate system of a work point included in the work tool based on a plurality of work implement parameters indicating dimensions and swing angles of the boom, the arm, and the work tool.
- the second current position calculation unit includes an antenna parameter indicating the positional relationship between the antenna and the boom, the current position of the antenna detected by the position detection unit in the global coordinate system, and the vehicle body at the work point calculated by the first current position calculation unit.
- the current position of the work point in the global coordinate system is calculated from the current position in the coordinate system.
- the excavator calibration method includes the following first to third steps.
- the work point position information and the antenna position information are input to a calibration device that calibrates the work implement parameter and the antenna parameter.
- the work point position information indicates coordinates at a plurality of positions of the work point measured by the external measurement device.
- the antenna position information indicates the coordinates of the antenna position measured by the external measuring device.
- the calibration device calculates a calibration value of the work implement parameter by numerical analysis based on the work point position information input to the input unit.
- the calibration device calibrates the antenna parameter based on the antenna position information input to the input unit.
- the calibration value of the work implement parameter is calculated by numerical analysis based on the coordinates at a plurality of positions of the work point measured by the external measurement device. For this reason, it is not necessary to actually measure the value of the work implement parameter by a measuring means such as a measure tape. Alternatively, the number of work implement parameters that need to be measured can be reduced. In addition, it is not necessary to match the values of the work implement parameters until the measured values of the position coordinates coincide with the calculated values. Further, the antenna parameter is calibrated based on the coordinates of the antenna position measured by the external measurement device. The coordinates of the antenna position have a larger error than the work implement parameter.
- the antenna parameter is calibrated based on the coordinates of the antenna position measured by the external measurement device, separately from the work implement parameter. For this reason, the calculation of the calibration value of the work implement parameter by numerical analysis can be performed in a short time. Also, the antenna parameters can be calibrated with high accuracy. As a result, the excavator calibration device according to the present invention can improve the accuracy of the position detection of the work point and can shorten the calibration work time.
- the coordinates of the midpoint between the first measurement point and the second measurement point are calculated as the coordinates of the antenna position. For this reason, even when it is difficult to accurately grasp the center position of the antenna, the coordinates of the center position of the antenna can be accurately measured.
- the calibration value of the work implement parameter is calculated by numerical analysis based on the coordinates at a plurality of positions of the work point measured by the external measuring device. For this reason, it is not necessary to actually measure the value of the work implement parameter by a measuring means such as a measure tape. Alternatively, the number of work implement parameters that need to be measured can be reduced. In addition, it is not necessary to match the values of the work implement parameters until the measured values of the position coordinates coincide with the calculated values. Further, the antenna parameter is calibrated based on the coordinates of the antenna position measured by the external measurement device. The coordinates of the antenna position have a larger error than the work implement parameter.
- the antenna parameter is calibrated based on the coordinates of the position of the antenna measured by the external measurement device, separately from the work implement parameter. For this reason, the calculation of the calibration value of the work implement parameter by numerical analysis can be performed in a short time. Also, the antenna parameters can be calibrated with high accuracy. As a result, in the method for calibrating a hydraulic excavator according to the present invention, the accuracy of the position detection of the work point can be improved and the calibration work time can be shortened.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a hydraulic excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the figure which shows the structure of a hydraulic excavator typically.
- the block diagram which shows the structure of the control system with which a hydraulic excavator is provided.
- the side view of a boom. The side view of an arm.
- the flowchart which shows the operation
- the side view which shows the position of the blade edge
- surface which shows the stroke length of the cylinder in each position of the 1st-5th position.
- the top view which shows the position of the 1st measurement point and 2nd measurement point on a reference
- the top view which shows the position of the 3rd measurement point on a direction antenna, and a 4th measurement point.
- the functional block diagram which shows the processing function regarding the calibration of a calibration apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a hydraulic excavator 100 that is calibrated by a calibration device.
- the excavator 100 includes a vehicle body 1 and a work implement 2.
- the vehicle body 1 includes a revolving body 3, a cab 4, and a traveling body 5.
- the turning body 3 is attached to the traveling body 5 so as to be turnable.
- the swivel body 3 houses devices such as a hydraulic pump 37 (see FIG. 3) and an engine (not shown).
- the cab 4 is placed at the front of the revolving unit 3.
- a display input device 38 and an operation device 25 described later are arranged in the cab 4 (see FIG. 3).
- the traveling body 5 has crawler belts 5a and 5b, and the excavator 100 travels as the crawler belts 5a and 5b rotate.
- the work machine 2 is attached to the front portion of the vehicle body 1 and includes a boom 6, an arm 7, a bucket 8, a boom cylinder 10, an arm cylinder 11, and a bucket cylinder 12.
- a base end portion of the boom 6 is swingably attached to a front portion of the vehicle body 1 via a boom pin 13. That is, the boom pin 13 corresponds to the swing center of the boom 6 with respect to the swing body 3.
- a base end portion of the arm 7 is swingably attached to a tip end portion of the boom 6 via an arm pin 14. That is, the arm pin 14 corresponds to the swing center of the arm 7 with respect to the boom 6.
- a bucket 8 is swingably attached to the tip of the arm 7 via a bucket pin 15. That is, the bucket pin 15 corresponds to the swing center of the bucket 8 with respect to the arm 7.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the excavator 100.
- FIG. 2A is a side view of the excavator 100.
- FIG. 2B is a rear view of the excavator 100.
- FIG. 2C is a top view of the excavator 100.
- the length of the boom 6, that is, the length between the boom pin 13 and the arm pin 14 is L1.
- the length of the arm 7, that is, the length between the arm pin 14 and the bucket pin 15 is L2.
- the length of the bucket 8, that is, the length between the bucket pin 15 and the cutting edge P of the bucket 8 is L3.
- the base end portion of the boom cylinder 10 is swingably attached to the swing body 3 via a boom cylinder foot pin 10a.
- the tip of the boom cylinder 10 is swingably attached to the boom 6 via a boom cylinder top pin 10b.
- the boom cylinder 10 drives the boom 6 by expanding and contracting by hydraulic pressure.
- a base end portion of the arm cylinder 11 is swingably attached to the boom 6 via an arm cylinder foot pin 11a.
- the tip of the arm cylinder 11 is swingably attached to the arm 7 via an arm cylinder top pin 11b.
- the arm cylinder 11 drives the arm 7 by expanding and contracting by hydraulic pressure.
- a base end portion of the bucket cylinder 12 is swingably attached to the arm 7 via a bucket cylinder foot pin 12a.
- the tip of the bucket cylinder 12 is swingably attached to one end of the first link member 47 and one end of the second link member 48 via the bucket cylinder top pin 12b.
- the other end of the first link member 47 is swingably attached to the distal end portion of the arm 7 via a first link pin 47a.
- the other end of the second link member 48 is swingably attached to the bucket 8 via a second link pin 48a.
- the bucket cylinder 12 drives the bucket 8 by expanding and contracting by hydraulic pressure.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control system provided in the hydraulic excavator 100.
- the boom 6, arm 7 and bucket 8 are provided with first to third angle detectors 16-18, respectively.
- the first to third angle detectors 16-18 are stroke sensors, and by detecting the stroke length of each cylinder 10-12, the swing angle of the boom 6 relative to the vehicle body 1 and the arm 7 relative to the boom 6 are detected.
- the swing angle and the swing angle of the bucket 8 with respect to the arm 7 are indirectly detected.
- the first angle detector 16 detects the stroke length of the boom cylinder 10.
- the display controller 39 described later calculates the swing angle ⁇ of the boom 6 with respect to the z-axis of the vehicle body coordinate system shown in FIG.
- the display controller 39 calculates the swing angle ⁇ of the arm 7 relative to the boom 6 from the stroke length of the arm cylinder 11 detected by the second angle detector 17.
- the third angle detector 18 detects the stroke length of the bucket cylinder 12.
- the display controller 39 calculates the swing angle ⁇ of the bucket 8 relative to the arm 7 from the stroke length of the bucket cylinder 12 detected by the third angle detector 18. The calculation method of the swing angles ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ will be described in detail later.
- the vehicle body 1 is provided with a position detector 19.
- the position detector 19 detects the current position of the vehicle body 1 of the excavator 100.
- the position detection unit 19 includes two antennas 21 and 22 for the RTK-GNSS (Real Time Kinematic-Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS refers to the global navigation satellite system) shown in FIG. And a three-dimensional position sensor 23 shown.
- the antennas 21 and 22 are spaced apart from each other by a certain distance along a y-axis (see FIG. 2C) of a vehicle body coordinate system xyz described later.
- a signal corresponding to the GNSS radio wave received by the antennas 21 and 22 is input to the three-dimensional position sensor 23.
- the three-dimensional position sensor 23 detects the current position of the antennas 21 and 22 in the global coordinate system.
- the global coordinate system is a coordinate system measured by GNSS, and is a coordinate system based on the origin fixed on the earth.
- the vehicle body coordinate system to be described later is a coordinate system based on the origin fixed to the vehicle body 1 (specifically, the turning body 3).
- the antenna 21 (hereinafter referred to as “reference antenna 21”) is an antenna for detecting the current position of the vehicle body 1.
- the antenna 22 (hereinafter referred to as “directional antenna 22”) is an antenna for detecting the direction of the vehicle body 1 (specifically, the revolving body 3).
- the position detector 19 detects the direction angle in the global coordinate system of the x-axis of the vehicle body coordinate system, which will be described later, based on the positions of the reference antenna 21 and the direction antenna 22.
- the antennas 21 and 22 may be GPS antennas.
- the vehicle body 1 is provided with a roll angle sensor 24 and a pitch angle sensor 29.
- the roll angle sensor 24 detects an inclination angle ⁇ 1 in the width direction of the vehicle body 1 with respect to the direction of gravity (vertical line) (hereinafter referred to as “roll angle ⁇ 1”).
- the width direction means the width direction of the bucket 8 and coincides with the vehicle width direction.
- the pitch angle sensor 29 detects an inclination angle ⁇ 2 in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body 1 with respect to the direction of gravity (hereinafter referred to as “pitch angle ⁇ 2”).
- the excavator 100 includes an operation device 25, a work machine controller 26, a work machine control device 27, and a hydraulic pump 37.
- the operating device 25 includes a work implement operation member 31, a work implement operation detection unit 32, a travel operation member 33, a travel operation detection unit 34, a turning operation member 51, and a turning operation detection unit 52.
- the work machine operation member 31 is a member for the operator to operate the work machine 2 and is, for example, an operation lever.
- the work machine operation detection unit 32 detects the operation content of the work machine operation member 31 and sends it to the work machine controller 26 as a detection signal.
- the traveling operation member 33 is a member for the operator to operate traveling of the excavator 100, and is, for example, an operation lever.
- the traveling operation detection unit 34 detects the operation content of the traveling operation member 33 and sends it to the work machine controller 26 as a detection signal.
- the turning operation member 51 is a member for the operator to turn the turning body 3 and is, for example, an operation lever.
- the turning operation detection unit 52 detects the operation content of the turning operation member 51 and sends it to the work machine controller 26 as a detection signal.
- the work machine controller 26 includes a storage unit 35 such as a RAM and a ROM, and a calculation unit 36 such as a CPU.
- the work machine controller 26 mainly controls the operation of the work machine 2 and the turning of the swing body 3.
- the work machine controller 26 generates a control signal for operating the work machine 2 in accordance with the operation of the work machine operation member 31, and outputs the control signal to the work machine control device 27.
- the work machine control device 27 includes a hydraulic control device such as a proportional control valve.
- the work implement control device 27 controls the flow rate of the hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump 37 to the hydraulic cylinder 10-12 based on the control signal from the work implement controller 26.
- the hydraulic cylinder 10-12 is driven according to the hydraulic oil supplied from the work machine control device 27.
- the work machine controller 26 generates a control signal for turning the turning body 3 in accordance with the operation of the turning operation member 51 and outputs the control signal to the turning motor 49. Thereby, the turning motor 49 is driven and the turning body 3 turns.
- a display system 28 is mounted on the excavator 100.
- the display system 28 is a system for providing an operator with information for excavating the ground in the work area to form a shape like a design surface described later.
- the display system 28 includes a display input device 38 and a display controller 39.
- the display input device 38 includes a touch panel type input unit 41 and a display unit 42 such as an LCD.
- the display input device 38 displays a guidance screen for providing information for excavation. Various keys are displayed on the guidance screen. The operator can execute various functions of the display system 28 by touching various keys on the guidance screen. The guidance screen will be described in detail later.
- the display controller 39 executes various functions of the display system 28.
- the display controller 39 and the work machine controller 26 can communicate with each other by wireless or wired communication means.
- the display controller 39 includes a storage unit 43 such as a RAM or a ROM, and a calculation unit 44 such as a CPU.
- the calculation unit 44 executes various calculations for displaying the guidance screen based on various data stored in the storage unit 43 and the detection result of the position detection unit 19.
- the design terrain data is information regarding the shape and position of the three-dimensional design terrain.
- the design terrain indicates the target shape of the ground to be worked.
- the display controller 39 displays a guidance screen on the display input device 38 based on data such as the design terrain data and detection results from the various sensors described above.
- the design landform is composed of a plurality of design surfaces 45 each represented by a triangular polygon.
- reference numeral 45 is given to only some of the plurality of design surfaces, and reference numerals of the other design surfaces are omitted.
- the operator selects one or more of the design surfaces 45 as the target surface 70.
- the display controller 39 causes the display input device 38 to display a guidance screen for informing the operator of the position of the target surface 70.
- the guidance screen is a screen for guiding the work implement 2 of the excavator 100 such that the positional relationship between the target surface 70 and the cutting edge of the bucket 8 is shown, and the ground as the work target has the same shape as the target surface 70. .
- FIG. 5 shows a guidance screen 53.
- the guidance screen 53 includes a top view 53 a showing the design landform of the work area and the current position of the excavator 100, and a side view 53 b showing the positional relationship between the target surface 70 and the excavator 100.
- the top view 53a of the guidance screen 53 represents the design terrain as viewed from above with a plurality of triangular polygons. More specifically, the top view 53a represents the design terrain with the turning plane of the excavator 100 as a projection plane. Therefore, the top view 53a is a view as seen from directly above the excavator 100.
- the design surface 45 is inclined. Further, the target surface 70 selected from the plurality of design surfaces 45 is displayed in a different color from the other design surfaces 45.
- the current position of the excavator 100 is indicated by the icon 61 of the excavator as viewed from above, but may be indicated by other symbols.
- the top view 53a includes information for causing the excavator 100 to face the target surface 70.
- Information for causing the excavator 100 to face the target surface 70 is displayed as a facing compass 73.
- the facing compass 73 is an icon indicating a facing direction with respect to the target surface 70 and a direction in which the excavator 100 should be turned. The operator can confirm the degree of confrontation with respect to the target surface 70 with the confrontation compass 73.
- the side view 53 b of the guidance screen 53 includes an image indicating the positional relationship between the target surface 70 and the blade edge of the bucket 8, and distance information 88 indicating the distance between the target surface 70 and the blade edge of the bucket 8.
- the side view 53b includes a design surface line 81, a target surface line 82, and an icon 75 of the excavator 100 in a side view.
- a design surface line 81 indicates a cross section of the design surface 45 other than the target surface 70.
- a target plane line 82 indicates a cross section of the target plane 70. As shown in FIG.
- the design surface line 81 and the target surface line 82 are planes 77 that pass through the current position of the midpoint P in the width direction of the cutting edge of the bucket 8 (hereinafter simply referred to as “the cutting edge of the bucket 8”). Is calculated by calculating an intersection line 80 with the design surface 45. A method of calculating the current position of the blade edge of the bucket 8 will be described in detail later.
- the relative positional relationship between the design surface line 81, the target surface line 82, and the excavator 100 including the bucket 8 is displayed as an image.
- the operator can easily excavate so that the current terrain becomes the designed terrain by moving the cutting edge of the bucket 8 along the target plane line 82.
- the calculation unit 44 of the display controller 39 calculates the current position of the blade edge of the bucket 8 based on the detection result of the position detection unit 19 and a plurality of parameters stored in the storage unit 43.
- FIG. 6 shows a list of parameters stored in the storage unit 43.
- the parameters include work implement parameters and antenna parameters.
- the work implement parameters include a plurality of parameters indicating dimensions and swing angles of the boom 6, the arm 7, and the bucket 8.
- the antenna parameters include a plurality of parameters indicating the positional relationship between the antennas 21 and 22 and the boom 6.
- the calculation unit 44 of the display controller 39 includes a first current position calculation unit 44a and a second current position calculation unit 44b.
- the first current position calculation unit 44a calculates the current position of the cutting edge of the bucket 8 in the vehicle body coordinate system based on the work implement parameter.
- the second current position calculation unit 44b includes the antenna parameters, the current position of the antennas 21 and 22 detected by the position detection unit 19 in the global coordinate system, and the vehicle body coordinates of the blade edge of the bucket 8 calculated by the first current position calculation unit 44a.
- the current position in the global coordinate system of the cutting edge of the bucket 8 is calculated from the current position in the system. Specifically, the current position of the blade edge of the bucket 8 is obtained as follows.
- a vehicle body coordinate system xyz whose origin is the intersection of the axis of the boom pin 13 and the operation plane of the work implement 2 described later is set.
- the position of the boom pin 13 means the position of the middle point of the boom pin 13 in the vehicle width direction.
- the current swing angles ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ of the boom 6, the arm 7, and the bucket 8 are calculated from the detection results of the first to third angle detectors 16-18. A method of calculating the swing angles ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ will be described later.
- the coordinates (x, y, z) of the cutting edge of the bucket 8 in the vehicle body coordinate system are the swing angles ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ of the boom 6, arm 7, and bucket 8 and the lengths of the boom 6, arm 7, and bucket 8.
- L1, L2, and L3 calculation is performed according to the following equation (1).
- Equation 2 the coordinates (x, y, z) of the cutting edge of the bucket 8 in the vehicle body coordinate system obtained from Equation 1 are converted into coordinates (X, Y, Z) in the global coordinate system by the following Equation 2. Is done.
- ⁇ 1 is a roll angle.
- ⁇ 2 is a pitch angle.
- ⁇ 3 is a Yaw angle, which is a direction angle in the global coordinate system of the x-axis of the vehicle body coordinate system described above. Therefore, the Yaw angle ⁇ 3 is calculated based on the positions of the reference antenna 21 and the directional antenna 22 detected by the position detector 19.
- (A, B, C) are coordinates in the global coordinate system of the origin of the vehicle body coordinate system.
- the antenna parameters described above indicate the positional relationship between the antennas 21 and 22 and the origin of the vehicle body coordinate system, that is, the positional relationship between the antennas 21 and 22 and the midpoint of the boom pin 13 in the vehicle width direction. Specifically, as shown in FIGS.
- the antenna parameters include the distance Lbbx in the x-axis direction of the vehicle body coordinate system between the boom pin 13 and the reference antenna 21, The distance Lbby in the y-axis direction of the vehicle body coordinate system between the reference antenna 21 and the distance Lbbz in the z-axis direction of the vehicle body coordinate system between the boom pin 13 and the reference antenna 21 are included.
- the antenna parameters include a distance Lbdx in the x-axis direction of the vehicle body coordinate system between the boom pin 13 and the directional antenna 22, and a distance Lbdy in the y-axis direction of the vehicle body coordinate system between the boom pin 13 and the directional antenna 22.
- a distance Lbdz in the z-axis direction of the vehicle body coordinate system between the boom pin 13 and the direction antenna 22 is included.
- (A, B, C) is calculated based on the coordinates of the antennas 21 and 22 in the global coordinate system detected by the antennas 21 and 22 and the antenna parameters.
- the display controller 39 calculates the three-dimensional design landform and the bucket 8 based on the current position of the cutting edge P of the bucket 8 calculated as described above and the design landform data stored in the storage unit 43.
- the intersection line 80 with the plane 77 passing through the cutting edge is calculated.
- the display controller 39 calculates the part which passes along the target surface 70 among this intersection line 80 as the target surface line 82 mentioned above.
- a portion other than the target surface line 82 in the intersection line 80 is calculated as the design surface line 81.
- FIG. 7 is a side view of the boom 6.
- the swing angle ⁇ of the boom 6 is expressed by the following equation 3 using the work implement parameters shown in FIG.
- Lboom2_x is a distance in the horizontal direction of the vehicle body 2 to which the boom 6 is attached between the boom cylinder foot pin 10a and the boom pin 13 (that is, corresponding to the x-axis direction of the vehicle body coordinate system).
- Lboom2_z is a distance in the vertical direction of the vehicle body 2 to which the boom 6 is attached between the boom cylinder foot pin 10a and the boom pin 13 (that is, corresponding to the z-axis direction of the vehicle body coordinate system).
- Lboom1 is the distance between the boom cylinder top pin 10b and the boom pin 13.
- Lboom2 is the distance between the boom cylinder foot pin 10a and the boom pin 13.
- boom_cyl is the distance between the boom cylinder foot pin 10a and the boom cylinder top pin 10b.
- Lboom1_z is a distance in the zboom axial direction between the boom cylinder top pin 10b and the boom pin 13.
- the direction connecting the boom pin 13 and the arm pin 14 is the xboom axis
- the direction perpendicular to the xboom axis is the zboom axis.
- Lboom1_x is a distance in the xboom axial direction between the boom cylinder top pin 10b and the boom pin 13.
- FIG. 8 is a side view of the arm 7.
- the swing angle ⁇ of the arm 7 is expressed by the following equation (4) using the work implement parameters shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- Lboom3_z is a distance in the zboom axial direction between the arm cylinder foot pin 11a and the arm pin 14.
- Lboom3_x is a distance in the xboom axial direction between the arm cylinder foot pin 11a and the arm pin 14.
- Lboom 3 is a distance between the arm cylinder foot pin 11 a and the arm pin 14.
- Larm2 is the distance between the arm cylinder top pin 11b and the arm pin 14.
- arm_cyl is the distance between the arm cylinder foot pin 11a and the arm cylinder top pin 11b.
- Larm2_x is a distance in the xarm2 axial direction between the arm cylinder top pin 11b and the arm pin 14.
- Larm2_z is the distance in the zarm2 axial direction between the arm cylinder top pin 11b and the arm pin 14.
- the direction connecting the arm cylinder top pin 11b and the bucket pin 15 is the xarm2 axis
- the direction perpendicular to the xarm2 axis is the zarm2 axis.
- Larm1_x is the distance between the arm pin 14 and the bucket pin 15 in the xarm2 axial direction.
- Larm1_z is a distance in the zarm2 axial direction between the arm pin 14 and the bucket pin 15.
- the direction connecting the arm pin 14 and the bucket pin 15 in a side view is defined as an xarm1 axis.
- the swing angle ⁇ of the arm 7 is an angle formed between the xboom axis and the xarm1 axis.
- FIG. 9 is a side view of the bucket 8 and the arm 7.
- FIG. 10 is a side view of the bucket 8.
- the swing angle ⁇ of the bucket 8 is expressed by the following formula 5 using the work implement parameters shown in FIGS. 8 to 10.
- Larm3_z2 is a distance in the zarm2 axial direction between the first link pin 47a and the bucket pin 15.
- Larm3_x2 is a distance in the xarm2 axial direction between the first link pin 47a and the bucket pin 15.
- Ltmp is a distance between the bucket cylinder top pin 12 b and the bucket pin 15.
- Larm4 is a distance between the first link pin 47a and the bucket pin 15.
- Lbucket1 is a distance between the bucket cylinder top pin 12b and the first link pin 47a.
- Lbucket3 is a distance between the bucket pin 15 and the second link pin 48a.
- Lbucket2 is a distance between the bucket cylinder top pin 12b and the second link pin 48a.
- Lbucket4_x is a distance in the xbucket axial direction between the bucket pin 15 and the second link pin 48a.
- Lbucket4_z is a distance in the zbucket axial direction between the bucket pin 15 and the second link pin 48a.
- the direction connecting the bucket pin 15 and the blade tip P of the bucket 8 is the xbucket axis
- the direction perpendicular to the xbucket axis is the zbucket axis.
- the swing angle ⁇ of the bucket 8 is an angle formed between the xbucket axis and the xarm1 axis.
- Larm3 is a distance between the bucket cylinder foot pin 12a and the first link pin 47a.
- Larm3_x1 is a distance in the xarm2 axial direction between the bucket cylinder foot pin 12a and the bucket pin 15.
- Larm3_z1 is the distance in the zarm2 axial direction between the bucket cylinder foot pin 12a and the bucket pin 15.
- boom_cyl described above is a value obtained by adding the boom cylinder offset boft to the stroke length bss of the boom cylinder 10 detected by the first angle detector 16 as shown in FIG.
- arm_cyl is a value obtained by adding the arm cylinder offset aoft to the stroke length ass of the arm cylinder 11 detected by the second angle detector 17.
- bucket_cyl is a value obtained by adding the bucket cylinder offset bkoft including the minimum distance of the bucket cylinder 12 to the stroke length bkss of the bucket cylinder 12 detected by the third angle detector 18.
- the calibration device 60 is a device for calibrating the parameters necessary for calculating the swing angles ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ and the position of the blade edge of the bucket 8 in the excavator 100.
- the calibration device 60 together with the excavator 100 and the external measurement device 62, constitutes a calibration system for calibrating the parameters described above.
- the external measuring device 62 is a device that measures the position of the cutting edge of the bucket 8 and is, for example, a total station.
- the calibration device 60 can perform data communication with the external measurement device 62 by wire or wireless.
- the calibration device 60 can perform data communication with the display controller 39 by wire or wirelessly.
- the calibration device 60 calibrates the parameters shown in FIG. 6 based on the information measured by the external measurement device 62.
- the parameter calibration is executed, for example, at the time of shipment of the excavator 100 or at the initial setting after maintenance.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an operation procedure performed by the operator during calibration.
- step S1 the operator installs the external measuring device 62.
- the operator installs the external measuring device 62 at a predetermined distance directly beside the boom pin 13.
- step S ⁇ b> 2 the operator measures the center position of the side surface of the boom pin 13 using the external measuring device 62.
- step S ⁇ b> 3 the operator measures the position of the blade edge in the five postures of the work machine 2 using the external measuring device 62.
- the operator operates the work implement operating member 31 to move the position of the blade edge of the bucket 8 to five positions from the first position P1 to the fifth position P5 shown in FIG.
- the swivel body 3 maintains a fixed state with respect to the traveling body 5 without turning.
- the operator uses the external measuring device 62 to measure the coordinates of the blade edge at each of the first position P1 to the fifth position P5.
- the first position P1 and the second position P2 are different positions on the ground in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
- the third position P3 and the fourth position P4 are different positions in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body in the air.
- the third position P3 and the fourth position P4 are positions that are different in the vertical direction with respect to the first position P1 and the second position P2.
- the fifth position P5 is a position between the first position P1, the second position P2, the third position P3, and the fourth position P4.
- FIG. 15 shows the stroke length of each cylinder 10-12 at each of the first position P1 to the fifth position P5 with the maximum being 100% and the minimum being 0%.
- the stroke length of the arm cylinder 11 is minimum. That is, the first position P1 is the position of the blade edge in the posture of the work machine that minimizes the swing angle of the arm 7.
- the stroke length of the arm cylinder 11 is the maximum.
- the second position P2 is the position of the cutting edge in the posture of the working machine where the swing angle of the arm 7 is maximized.
- the stroke length of the arm cylinder 11 is the minimum, and the stroke length of the bucket cylinder 12 is the maximum. That is, the third position P3 is the position of the blade edge in the posture of the work machine 2 where the swing angle of the arm 7 is minimized and the swing angle of the bucket 8 is maximized.
- the stroke length of the boom cylinder 10 is the maximum. That is, the fourth position P4 is the position of the cutting edge in the posture of the work implement 2 where the swing angle of the boom 6 is maximized.
- the cylinder lengths of the arm cylinder 11, the boom cylinder 10, and the bucket cylinder 12 are intermediate values that are neither minimum nor maximum. That is, the fifth position P5 is an intermediate value in which none of the swing angle of the arm 7, the swing angle of the boom 6, and the swing angle of the bucket 8 is the maximum or the minimum.
- step S4 the operator inputs the first work point position information to the input unit 63 of the calibration device 60.
- the first work point position information indicates the coordinates at the first position P1 to the fifth position P5 of the cutting edge of the bucket 8 measured by the external measuring device 62. Therefore, the operator inputs the coordinates at the first position P1 to the fifth position P5 of the cutting edge of the bucket 8 measured using the external measuring device 62 in step S4 to the input unit 63 of the calibration device 60.
- step S ⁇ b> 5 the operator measures the positions of the antennas 21 and 22 using the external measuring device 62.
- the operator measures the positions of the first measurement point P ⁇ b> 11 and the second measurement point P ⁇ b> 12 on the reference antenna 21 using the external measurement device 62.
- the first measurement point P11 and the second measurement point P12 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the upper surface of the reference antenna 21.
- the shape of the upper surface of the reference antenna 21 is rectangular or square
- the first measurement point P11 and the second measurement point P12 are two diagonal points on the upper surface of the reference antenna 21. .
- the operator measures the positions of the third measurement point P13 and the fourth measurement point P14 on the directional antenna 22 using an external measurement device 62.
- the third measurement point P13 and the fourth measurement point P14 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the upper surface of the directional antenna 22. Similar to the first measurement point P11 and the second measurement point P12, the third measurement point P13 and the fourth measurement point P14 are two diagonal points on the upper surface of the directional antenna 22.
- the first measurement point P11 to the fourth measurement point P14 are preferably marked for easy measurement. For example, a bolt included as a component of the antennas 21 and 22 may be used as a mark.
- step S6 the operator inputs the antenna position information to the input unit of the calibration device 60.
- the antenna position information includes coordinates indicating the positions of the first measurement point P11 to the fourth measurement point P14 measured by the operator using the external measurement device 62 in step S5.
- step S7 the operator measures the positions of three cutting edges having different turning angles.
- the operator operates the turning operation member 51 to turn the turning body 3.
- the posture of the work machine 2 is maintained in a fixed state.
- the operator uses the external measuring device 62 to call the positions of the three cutting edges having different turning angles (hereinafter referred to as “first turning position P21”, “second turning position P22”, and “third turning position P23”). ).
- step S8 the operator inputs the second work point position information to the input unit 63 of the calibration device 60.
- the second work point position information includes coordinates indicating the first turning position P21, the second turning position P22, and the third turning position P23 measured by the operator using the external measuring device 62 in step S7.
- step S9 the operator inputs bucket information to the input unit 63 of the calibration device 60.
- the bucket information is information related to the dimensions of the bucket 8.
- the bucket information includes the distance in the xbucket axis direction between the bucket pin 15 and the second link pin 48a (Lbucket4_x) and the distance in the zbucket axis direction between the bucket pin 15 and the second link pin 48a (Lbucket4_z). Including.
- An operator inputs a value measured by a measuring means such as a design value or a measure tape as bucket information.
- step S10 the operator instructs the calibration device 60 to execute calibration.
- the calibration device 60 includes an input unit 63, a display unit 64, and a calculation unit 65.
- the input unit 63 is a part to which the above-described first work point position information, second work point position information, antenna position information, and bucket information are input.
- the input unit 63 has a configuration for the operator to manually input the above-described information, and has a plurality of keys, for example.
- the input unit 63 may be a touch panel type as long as a numerical value can be input.
- the display unit 64 is an LCD, for example, and is a part where an operation screen for performing calibration is displayed.
- FIG. 19 shows an example of the operation screen of the calibration device 60. On the operation screen, an input field 66 for inputting the above-described information is displayed. The operator operates the input unit 63 to input the above information in the input field 66 of the operation screen.
- the calculation unit 65 executes processing for calibrating parameters based on information input via the input unit 63.
- FIG. 20 is a functional block diagram illustrating processing functions related to calibration of the calculation unit 65.
- the calculation unit 65 has functions of a vehicle body coordinate system calculation unit 65a, a coordinate conversion unit 65b, a first calibration calculation unit 65c, and a second calibration calculation unit 65d.
- the vehicle body coordinate system calculation unit 65a calculates coordinate conversion information based on the first work point position information and the second work point position information input by the input unit 63.
- the coordinate conversion information is information for converting a coordinate system based on the external measuring device 62 into a vehicle body coordinate system. Since the first work point position information and the antenna position information described above are measured by the external measurement device 62, they are represented by a coordinate system (xp, yp, zp) based on the external measurement device 62. .
- the coordinate conversion information is information for converting the first work point position information and the antenna position information from the coordinate system based on the external measuring device 62 to the vehicle body coordinate system (x, y, z).
- a method of calculating coordinate conversion information will be described.
- the vehicle body coordinate system calculation unit 65a calculates a first unit normal vector AH perpendicular to the operation plane A of the work implement 2 based on the first work point position information.
- the vehicle body coordinate system calculation unit 65a calculates the operation plane of the work implement 2 from the five positions included in the first work point position information by using the least square method, and calculates the first unit normal vector AH based on the operation plane.
- the first unit normal vector AH is based on two vectors a1 and a2 obtained from the coordinates of three positions not deviating from the other two positions among the five positions included in the first work point position information. May be calculated.
- the vehicle body coordinate system calculation unit 65a calculates a second unit normal vector perpendicular to the turning plane B of the turning body 3 based on the second work point position information. Specifically, the vehicle body coordinate system calculation unit 65a calculates two vectors b1, b2 obtained from the coordinates of the first turning position P21, the second turning position P22, and the third turning position P23 included in the second work point position information. Based on the above, the second unit normal vector BH ′ perpendicular to the turning plane B ′ is calculated. Next, as shown in FIG. 22, the vehicle body coordinate system calculation unit 65a calculates the intersection vector DAB between the operation plane A of the work implement 2 and the turning plane B '.
- the vehicle body coordinate system calculation unit 65a calculates the unit normal vector of the plane B that passes through the intersection line vector DAB and is perpendicular to the operation plane A of the work machine 2 as the corrected second unit normal vector BH. Then, the vehicle body coordinate system calculation unit 65a calculates a third unit normal vector CH perpendicular to the first unit normal vector AH and the corrected second unit normal vector BH.
- the coordinate conversion unit 65b uses the coordinate conversion information to convert the first work point position information and the antenna position information measured by the external measurement device 62 from the coordinate system (xp, yp, zp) in the external measurement device. Conversion to the vehicle body coordinate system (x, y, z) of the excavator 100 is performed.
- the coordinate conversion information includes the first unit normal vector AH, the corrected second unit normal vector BH, and the third unit normal vector CH. Specifically, as shown in Equation 7 below, by the inner product of the coordinates in the coordinate system of the external measuring device 62 indicated by the vector p and the normal vectors AH, BH, CH of the coordinate conversion information Coordinates in the vehicle body coordinate system are calculated.
- the first calibration calculation unit 65c calculates a parameter calibration value by using numerical analysis based on the first work point position information converted into the vehicle body coordinate system. Specifically, the parameter calibration value is calculated by the least square method as shown in the following equation (8).
- n 5.
- (X1, z1) is the coordinates of the first position P1 in the vehicle body coordinate system.
- (X2, z2) is the coordinates of the second position P2 in the vehicle body coordinate system.
- (X3, z3) is the coordinate of the third position P3 in the vehicle body coordinate system.
- (X4, z4) is the coordinates of the fourth position P4 in the vehicle body coordinate system.
- (X5, z5) is the coordinate of the fifth position P5 in the vehicle body coordinate system.
- the second calibration calculation unit 65d calibrates the antenna parameter based on the antenna position information input to the input unit 63. Specifically, the second calibration calculation unit 65d calculates the coordinates of the midpoint between the first measurement point P11 and the second measurement point P12 as the coordinates of the position of the reference antenna 21. Specifically, the coordinates of the position of the reference antenna 21 are the distance Lbbx in the x-axis direction of the vehicle body coordinate system between the boom pin 13 and the reference antenna 21 and the vehicle body coordinate system between the boom pin 13 and the reference antenna 21. The distance Lbby in the y-axis direction and the distance Lbbz in the z-axis direction of the vehicle body coordinate system between the boom pin 13 and the reference antenna 21.
- the second calibration calculation unit 65d calculates the coordinates of the midpoint between the third measurement point P13 and the fourth measurement point P14 as the coordinates of the position of the direction antenna 22.
- the coordinates of the position of the directional antenna 22 are the distance Lbdx in the x-axis direction of the vehicle body coordinate system between the boom pin 13 and the directional antenna 22 and the coordinate of the vehicle body coordinate system between the boom pin 13 and the directional antenna 22. It is represented by a distance Lbdy in the y-axis direction and a distance Lbdz in the z-axis direction of the vehicle body coordinate system between the boom pin 13 and the direction antenna 22.
- the second calibration calculation unit 65d outputs the coordinates of the positions of the antennas 21 and 22 as calibration values of the antenna parameters Lbbx, Lbby, Lbbz, Lbdx, Lbdy, and Lbdz.
- the work machine parameter calculated by the first calibration calculation unit 65c, the antenna parameter calculated by the second calibration calculation unit 65d, and the bucket information are stored in the storage unit 43 of the display controller 39, and the cutting edge position described above is stored. Used for calculation.
- the calibration device 60 of the excavator 100 according to the present embodiment has the following features.
- the calibration value of the parameter is automatically calculated by numerical analysis. For this reason, the number of parameters that require actual measurement can be reduced. Further, at the time of calibration, it is not necessary to adjust the parameter values until the measured value and the calculated value of the position coordinates of the cutting edge of the bucket 8 coincide. Further, the antenna parameters are calibrated based on the coordinates of the positions of the antennas 21 and 22 measured by the external measuring device 62. The coordinates of the positions of the antennas 21 and 22 have a larger error than the work implement parameters.
- the antenna parameters are calibrated based on the coordinates of the positions of the antennas 21 and 22 measured by the external measurement device 62 separately from the work implement parameters. For this reason, the calculation of the calibration value of the work implement parameter by numerical analysis can be performed in a short time. Also, the antenna parameters can be calibrated with high accuracy. Thereby, in the calibration apparatus 60 of the excavator 100 according to the present embodiment, the accuracy of detecting the position of the blade edge can be improved, and the calibration operation time can be shortened.
- the coordinates of the midpoint between the first measurement point P11 and the second measurement point P12 are calculated as the coordinates of the position of the reference antenna 21. Further, the coordinates of the midpoint between the third measurement point P13 and the fourth measurement point P14 are calculated as the coordinates of the position of the direction antenna 22. For this reason, even when it is difficult to accurately grasp the center positions of the antennas 21 and 22, the coordinates of the center positions of the antennas 21 and 22 can be accurately measured.
- the bucket 8 is exemplified as the work tool, but a work tool other than the bucket 8 may be used. Further, the cutting edge of the bucket 8 is illustrated as the work point. However, when a work tool other than the bucket 8 is used, the work point is a part that comes into contact with the work object such as a point located at the tip of the work tool. It may be.
- the swing angles ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ of the boom 6, the arm 7 and the bucket 8 are calculated from the stroke length of the cylinder, but may be directly detected by an angle sensor.
- the first work point position information is not limited to the coordinates of the five positions described above.
- the first work point position information only needs to include the positions of at least three work points with different attitudes of the work implement 2.
- the positions of the three work points are not arranged in a straight line, but the position of one work point is separated in the vertical direction or the vehicle body longitudinal direction with respect to the straight line connecting the other two work points.
- the first work point position information includes the positions of at least two work points having different postures of the work implement 2 and a predetermined reference point (for example, the boom pin 13) on the operation plane of the work implement 2.
- the first work point position information, the second work point position information, and the antenna position information are input to the input unit 63 of the calibration device 60 by the operator's manual input. May be input from the external measuring device 62 to the input unit 63 of the calibration device 60.
- the external measuring device 62 is not limited to the total station, and may be another device that measures the position of the work point.
- the upper surfaces of the antennas 21 and 22 are not limited to a rectangle or a square, but may be a circle. In this case, two symmetrical positions with respect to the center of the circle on the upper surface of the reference antenna 21 are selected as the positions of the first measurement point and the second measurement point. Also, two symmetrical positions with respect to the center of the circle on the upper surface of the directional antenna 22 are selected as the positions of the third measurement point and the fourth measurement point.
- the antennas 21 and 22 are not limited to those for the global navigation satellite system, and any antennas that detect coordinates in the global coordinate system based on the origin fixed outside the excavator 100 may be used.
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Abstract
Description
1-1.油圧ショベルの全体構成
以下、図面を参照して、本発明の一実施形態に係る油圧ショベルの較正装置及び較正方法について説明する。図1は、較正装置による較正が実施される油圧ショベル100の斜視図である。油圧ショベル100は、車体1と作業機2とを有する。車体1は、旋回体3と運転室4と走行体5とを有する。旋回体3は、走行体5に旋回可能に取り付けられている。旋回体3は、油圧ポンプ37(図3参照)や図示しないエンジンなどの装置を収容している。運転室4は旋回体3の前部に載置されている。運転室4内には、後述する表示入力装置38及び操作装置25が配置される(図3参照)。走行体5は履帯5a,5bを有しており、履帯5a,5bが回転することにより油圧ショベル100が走行する。
油圧ショベル100には、表示システム28が搭載されている。表示システム28は、作業エリア内の地面を掘削して後述する設計面のような形状に形成するための情報をオペレータに提供するためのシステムである。表示システム28は、表示入力装置38と、表示コントローラ39とを有している。
以下、案内画面について詳細に説明する。案内画面は、目標面70とバケット8の刃先との位置関係を示し、作業対象である地面が目標面70と同じ形状になるように油圧ショベル100の作業機2を誘導するための画面である。
図5に案内画面53を示す。案内画面53は、作業エリアの設計地形と油圧ショベル100の現在位置とを示す上面図53aと、目標面70と油圧ショベル100との位置関係を示す側面図53bとを含む。
次に、上述したバケット8の刃先位置の演算方法について詳細に説明する。表示コントローラ39の演算部44は、位置検出部19の検出結果、及び、記憶部43に記憶されている複数のパラメータに基づいて、バケット8の刃先の現在位置を演算する。図6に、記憶部43に記憶されているパラメータのリストを示す。パラメータは、作業機パラメータと、アンテナパラメータとを含む。作業機パラメータは、ブーム6とアーム7とバケット8との寸法と揺動角とを示す複数のパラメータを含む。アンテナパラメータは、アンテナ21,22とブーム6との位置関係を示す複数のパラメータを含む。図3に示すように、表示コントローラ39の演算部44は、第1現在位置演算部44aと、第2現在位置演算部44bとを有する。第1現在位置演算部44aは、作業機パラメータに基づいて、バケット8の刃先の車体座標系における現在位置を演算する。第2現在位置演算部44bは、アンテナパラメータと、位置検出部19が検出したアンテナ21,22のグローバル座標系における現在位置と、第1現在位置演算部44aが演算したバケット8の刃先の車体座標系における現在位置とから、バケット8の刃先のグローバル座標系における現在位置を演算する。具体的には、バケット8の刃先の現在位置は、次のように求められる。
次に、第1~第3角度検出部16-18の検出結果から、ブーム6、アーム7、バケット8の現在の揺動角α、β、γを演算する方法について説明する。
較正装置60は、油圧ショベル100において、上述した揺動角α,β,γの演算、及び、バケット8の刃先の位置を演算するために必要なパラメータを較正するための装置である。較正装置60は、油圧ショベル100及び外部計測装置62と共に、上述したパラメータを較正するための較正システムを構成する。外部計測装置62は、バケット8の刃先の位置を計測する装置であり、例えば、トータルステーションである。較正装置60は、有線または無線によって外部計測装置62とデータ通信を行うことができる。また、較正装置60は、有線または無線によって表示コントローラ39とデータ通信を行うことができる。較正装置60は、外部計測装置62によって計測された情報に基づいて図6に示すパラメータの較正を行う。パラメータの較正は、例えば、油圧ショベル100の出荷時やメンテナンス後の初期設定において実行される。
本実施形態に係る油圧ショベル100の較正装置60は、以下のような特徴を有する。
以上、本発明の一実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、以下のように発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。
上記の実施形態では、第1作業点位置情報、第2作業点位置情報、アンテナ位置情報は、オペレータの手入力によって較正装置60の入力部63に入力されているが、有線または無線の通信手段によって、外部計測装置62から較正装置60の入力部63に入力されてもよい。
Claims (3)
- 車体と、前記車体に揺動可能に取り付けられるブームと前記ブームに揺動可能に取り付けられるアームと前記アームに揺動可能に取り付けられる作業具とを含む作業機と、前記車体に対する前記ブームの揺動角と前記ブームに対する前記アームの揺動角と前記アームに対する前記作業具の揺動角とを検出する角度検出部と、アンテナを含み前記アンテナのグローバル座標系における現在位置を検出する位置検出部と、前記ブームと前記アームと前記作業具との寸法と前記揺動角とを示す複数の作業機パラメータに基づいて前記作業具に含まれる作業点の車体座標系における現在位置を演算する第1現在位置演算部と、前記アンテナと前記ブームとの位置関係を示すアンテナパラメータと前記位置検出部が検出した前記アンテナのグローバル座標系における現在位置と前記第1現在位置演算部が演算した前記作業点の車体座標系における現在位置とから前記作業点のグローバル座標系における現在位置を演算する第2現在位置演算部と、を含む油圧ショベルにおいて、前記作業機パラメータ及び前記アンテナパラメータを較正するための較正装置であって、
外部計測装置で計測された前記作業点の複数の位置での座標を示す作業点位置情報と、前記外部計測装置で計測された前記アンテナの位置の座標を示すアンテナ位置情報とが入力される入力部と、
前記入力部に入力された前記作業点位置情報に基づいて、数値解析により前記作業機パラメータの較正値を演算する第1較正演算部と、
前記入力部に入力された前記アンテナ位置情報に基づいて前記アンテナパラメータを較正する第2較正演算部と、
を備える油圧ショベルの較正装置。 - 前記アンテナ位置情報は、前記アンテナの上面の中心を基準にして対称に配置された第1計測点及び第2計測点の位置を示す座標を含み、
前記第2較正演算部は、前記第1計測点と前記第2計測点との中点の座標を前記アンテナの位置の座標として演算する、
請求項1に記載の油圧ショベルの較正装置。 - 車体と、前記車体に揺動可能に取り付けられるブームと前記ブームに揺動可能に取り付けられるアームと前記アームに揺動可能に取り付けられる作業具とを含む作業機と、前記車体に対する前記ブームの揺動角と前記ブームに対する前記アームの揺動角と前記アームに対する前記作業具の揺動角とを検出する角度検出部と、アンテナを含み前記アンテナのグローバル座標系における現在位置を検出する位置検出部と、前記ブームと前記アームと前記作業具との寸法と前記揺動角とを示す複数の作業機パラメータに基づいて前記作業具に含まれる作業点の車体座標系における現在位置を演算する第1現在位置演算部と、前記アンテナと前記ブームとの位置関係を示すアンテナパラメータと前記位置検出部が検出した前記アンテナのグローバル座標系における現在位置と前記第1現在位置演算部が演算した前記作業点の車体座標系における現在位置とから前記作業点のグローバル座標系における現在位置を演算する第2現在位置演算部と、を含む油圧ショベルにおいて、前記作業機パラメータ及び前記アンテナパラメータを較正するための方法であって、
外部計測装置で計測された前記作業点の複数の位置での座標を示す作業点位置情報と、前記外部計測装置で計測された前記アンテナの位置の座標を示すアンテナ位置情報とが、前記作業機パラメータ及び前記アンテナパラメータを較正する較正装置に入力されるステップと、
前記較正装置が、前記入力部に入力された前記作業点位置情報に基づいて、数値解析により前記作業機パラメータの較正値を演算するステップと、
前記較正装置が、前記入力部に入力された前記アンテナ位置情報に基づいて前記アンテナパラメータを較正するステップと、
を備える油圧ショベルの較正方法。
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