WO2012121672A1 - Régulation de bande passante dynamique de canaux pour le fonctionnement de réseaux - Google Patents

Régulation de bande passante dynamique de canaux pour le fonctionnement de réseaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012121672A1
WO2012121672A1 PCT/SG2012/000073 SG2012000073W WO2012121672A1 WO 2012121672 A1 WO2012121672 A1 WO 2012121672A1 SG 2012000073 W SG2012000073 W SG 2012000073W WO 2012121672 A1 WO2012121672 A1 WO 2012121672A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network
communication channel
communication
channel
bandwidth
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PCT/SG2012/000073
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English (en)
Inventor
David Wong
Xiaoming Peng
Po Shin Francois Chin
Khiam Boon Png
Haiying Zhang
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Agency For Science, Technology And Research
Institute Of Microelectronics Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Application filed by Agency For Science, Technology And Research, Institute Of Microelectronics Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences filed Critical Agency For Science, Technology And Research
Priority to CN201280022450.XA priority Critical patent/CN103918296B/zh
Publication of WO2012121672A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012121672A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • H04W28/20—Negotiating bandwidth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0064—Rate requirement of the data, e.g. scalable bandwidth, data priority
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signaling for the administration of the divided path
    • H04L5/0096—Indication of changes in allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H04L5/001—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT the frequencies being arranged in component carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0078—Timing of allocation
    • H04L5/0087—Timing of allocation when data requirements change

Definitions

  • Various embodiments generally relate to the field of dynamic bandwidth control of channels for network operations, in particular, Medium Access Control protocols for dynamic bandwidth control of channels for network operations.
  • IEEE 802.11 WLAN The most prominently wireless local area network (WLAN) under current deployment is the IEEE 802.11 WLAN.
  • the IEEE 802.11 standard has further been evolved into the following six types: IEEE 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.1 lg, 802.11 ⁇ , 802.1 1s and 802.1 lad.
  • the IEEE 802.11 ⁇ provides high throughput, while the upcoming IEEE 802.1 Is supports mesh networking.
  • IEEE 802. l ib may operate up to 11 Mbps, while IEEE 802.1 1 a may operate up to
  • IEEE 802.11b uses direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), while IEEE 802.11a uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as the multiple access technology.
  • DSSS direct sequence spread spectrum
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • the IEEE 802.1 In standard, published in 2009, uses a combination of OFDM and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques to enhance diversity gain, aims to achieve a data rate of up to 600 Mbps.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the goal is to design a medium access control (MAC) protocol that may deliver a user throughput of more than 100 Mbps at the MAC layer.
  • MAC medium access control
  • MAC protocols generally involve the use of a conventional IEEE 802.1 1 MAC beacon interval.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a possible beacon interval 100 as specified in the IEEE 802.11 Standard "Part 1 1 : Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications," June 2007.
  • Each beacon interval 100 consists of three parts: a beacon period (BP) 102, a data transmission period (DTP) 104 and a quiet period (QP) 106.
  • BP beacon period
  • DTP data transmission period
  • QP quiet period
  • There is a period before the end of each DTP 104 that does not allow a packet transmission to be successful as it is insufficiently long to transmit the packet short inter-frame space (SIFS) time and acknowledgement (ACK) frame.
  • SIFS short inter-frame space
  • ACK acknowledgement
  • the IEEE 802.1 lad standard is aimed to provide very high throughput (VHT). Its call for proposals was in March 2010.
  • Figure 2 shows a beacon interval 200 as specified in the IEEE P802.1 lad/D 1.0 Standard "Part 1 1: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the 60 Ghz band," September 2010.
  • MAC Wireless LAN Medium Access Control
  • PHY Physical Layer
  • the beacon interval 200 in IEEE 802.1 lad MAC is divided into mainly 4 parts:
  • an access point (AP)/personal basic service set central point (PCP) transmits one or more beacons frames in different directions.
  • the beacon carries network management information.
  • the beacon frame is used to bootstrap the beamforming procedure between AP/PCP and a receiving station.
  • a station scans for a beacon, continues with the beamforming process with the AP/PCP in the A-BFT and then associates with the AP/PCP during the AT or contention- based period (CBP).
  • CBP contention- based period
  • the association beamforming training time (A-BFT) 206 is to allow the initial beamforming training between a station and the AP/PCP to be performed, and the BT 204 to be followed in order to provide continuity to the beamforming process that was bootstrap through the beacon transmission during the BT 204.
  • A-BFT 206 is slotted and allows for multiple stations to do beamforming with the AP/PCP concurrently in the same A-BFT 206.
  • Announcement time (AT) 208 is to allow management request-response frame exchanges between AP/PCP and a station to be performed.
  • AP/PCP uses the AT 208 to exchange frames with stations to distribute information on CBP 210 and service period (SP) 212 allocations in the data transfer time (DTT) 202.
  • the DTT 202 is divided into CBPs 210 and SPs 212 which are used to provide transmission opportunities for stations in the network.
  • any frame may take place during a CBP 210 and a SP 212, including application data frame transmission.
  • Access during CBPs 210 is based on a modified IEEE 802.11 EDCA operation that is fine-tuned for directional communications.
  • Access during SPs 212 is scheduled and assigned to specific stations.
  • China Wireless Personal Area Network is another standard for operating as IEEE 802.1 lad device as well as a CWPAN device. In other word, it is a super set to the IEEE 802.1 lad. Its main goal is to operate in the 60 GHz range as a wireless personal area network in China.
  • the present invention relates to a network component of a communication network, the network component comprising a determiner configured to determine a required number of logical channels and to determine whether a bandwidth of a communication channel used by the communication network should be changed based on the required number of logical channels; a controller configured to change the bandwidth of the communication channel if it has been determined that the bandwidth of the communication channel used by the communication network should be changed based on the required number of logical channels; and a transceiver configured to send to a communication device a signal indicating to the communication device to operate in the communication channel with the changed bandwidth if the bandwidth of the communication channel has been changed.
  • the present invention relates to a method of performing an operation of a communication network in a communication channel, the method comprising determining a required number of logical channels; determining whether a bandwidth of a communication channel used by the communication network should be changed based on the required number of logical channels; changing the bandwidth of the communication channel if it has been determined that the bandwidth of the communication channel used by the communication network should be changed based on the required number of logical channels; and sending to a communication device a signal indicating to the communication device to operate in the communication channel with the changed bandwidth if the bandwidth of the communication channel has been changed.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a possible beacon interval as specified in the IEEE 802.1 1 Standard "Part 11 : Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications," June 2007;
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • PHY Physical Layer
  • Figure 2 shows a beacon interval as specified in the IEEE P802.1 lad/Dl .O Standard "Part 11 : Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the 60 GHz band," September 2010;
  • MAC Wireless LAN Medium Access Control
  • PHY Physical Layer
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary overview of the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols/schemes, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 4(a) shows a schematic representation of a network component of a communication network, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 4(b) shows a schematic block diagram of a network component of a communication network, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic block diagram of a network component of a communication network, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic block diagram of a method of performing an operation of a communication network in a communication channel, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 7 shows an example of five possible band plans namely (a) Band Plan A; (b) Band Plan B; (c) Band Plan C; (d) Band Plan D; and (e) Band Plan E, in accordance to various embodiments;
  • Figure 8 shows an example of a sequence of occupancy of bands as an additional network starts operation in Band Plan A, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 9 shows an example of a sequence of occupancy of bands as an additional network starts operation in Band Plan B, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 10 shows an example of a sequence of occupancy of bands as an additional network starts operation in Band Plan C, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 11 shows an example of a sequence of occupancy of bands as an additional network starts operation in Band Plan D, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 12 shows a sequence of occupancy of bands as an additional network starts operation in Band Plan E, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 13 shows an example of at least one large channel being occupied by another type of network (O) and the two small channels occupied by the same type of networks if these channels cannot be split further or the other large channel occupied by the same type of network if this channel cannot be split according to the band plans, (a) for Band Plans A, B, C, D and E; ' (b) for Band Plans A, B and D; (c) for Band Plans A, C and E; (d) for Band Plan B; and (e) for Band Plan C, in accordance to various embodiments;
  • Figure 14 shows an example of the network device requesting to split the large channel into two small channels if one large channel is occupied by the other type of network and the other large channel is occupied by the same type of network, and starts its network operation if the large channel may be split according to the band plans, (a) for Band Plans A and B; and (b) for Band Plans A and D, in accordance to various embodiments;
  • Figure 15 shows an example of one large channel being occupied by another type of network (O) and the other large channel is to be occupied by the same type of network as the requesting network device (a) for Band Plans A, B, C and E; and (b) for Band Plans A, B, C and D, in accordance to various embodiments;
  • Figure 16 shows an example of one large channel being occupied by another type of network (O) and the other small channel is to be occupied by the same type of network according to (a) Band Plan D and (b) Band Plan E, in accordance to various embodiments;
  • Figure 17 shows an example of one large channel being occupied by another type of network (O) and the other small channel being occupied by the same type of network (a) for Band Plans A, B and D; and (b) for Band Plans A, C and E, in accordance to various embodiments;
  • Figure 18 shows an example of one large channel being occupied by another type of network (O) and the other large channel being occupied by the same type of network may be split according to the Band Plans, (a) for Band Plans A, B, C and D; and (b) for Band Plans A, B, C and E, in accordance to various embodiments; and
  • Figure 19 shows an example of one large channel being occupied by another type of network (O) and the other small channel being occupied by the same type of network according to the (a) Band Plan D and (b) Ban Plan E, in accordance to various embodiments.
  • Figure 3 shows an exemplary overview of the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols/schemes 300 comprising protocols/schemes for dividing or splitting a channel (or band) 302, and combining or merging channels (or bands) 304, as well as for moving network operations from one channel (or band) to another 306, a network component joining an existing network in a channel 308, and a network component starting a new network in a channel 310.
  • the network component in this context may be a communication terminal.
  • a protocol may interchangably be referred to as a procedure.
  • a channel may interchangably be referred to as a communication channel.
  • the MAC protocols 300 enable the support of a higher number of logical channels (bands) than the number of available large channels and enable the starting of a network according to a band plan when a channel is available.
  • large channels may be divided into many small channels (or bands), i.e., logical channels, so that many networks may become operational.
  • the terms "large channel” and "small channel” are relative.
  • a large channel essentially has a wider bandwidth as compared to that of a small channel.
  • the bandwidth of a large channel may be but is not limited to two times (or double) the bandwidth of a small channel, or three times the bandwidth of a small channel, or four times the bandwidth of a small channel, or five times the bandwidth of a small channel.
  • the combination of a number of small channels to form a large channel is performed whenever it is possible to achieve a higher data rate. For example, this may happen when another network operating in a small band ceases operation.
  • the combination of a number of large channels to form a even larger channel is performed whenever it is possible to achieve a higher data rate. For example, this may happen when another network operating in a large band ceases operation.
  • the communication terminal or network device that wants to start operation in a channel is able to detect an existing network of the same type or of a different type in the channel (for example, as in the protocol for a network component joining an existing network in a channel 308), and a communication terminal starting a new network in a channel (for example, as in the protocol for a network component starting a new network in a channel 310) and be able to join this existing network or to move to another channel (for example, as in the protocol for moving network operations from one channel (or band) to another 306) and be able to avoid any potential interference to the existing network if the new network device were to start operation of a new network.
  • a communication terminal for a network is provided as shown in Figures 4A and 4B.
  • the network component 400 is a network component of a communication network 402.
  • the network component 400 comprises a determiner 410 configured to determine a required number of logical channels and to determine whether a bandwidth of a communication channel 404 used by the communication network 402 should be changed based on the required number of logical channels; a controller 412 configured to change the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 if it has been determined that the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 used by the communication network 402 should be changed based on the required number of logical channels; and a transceiver 414 configured to send to a communication device 406 a signal 408 indicating to the communication device 406 to operate in the communication channel 404 with the changed bandwidth if the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 has been changed.
  • the term "network component” broadly refers to a node in a network.
  • the network component may refer to a machine that assists data transmission, that is sending and/or receiving data information.
  • a network component 400 may be but is not limited to, for example, a station, or a base station (BS), or a mobile station (MS) in BS mode, or a port, or an access point, or a personal basic service set central point, etc.
  • the network component 400 comprises an access point or a personal basic service set central point.
  • a plurality of network components may be referred to as a plurality of access points, or a plurality of personal basic service set central points.
  • the term “communication network” generally refers to a wireless communication network.
  • the communication network 402 may be a communication network according to a 802.1 1 communication standard or a CWPAN communication standard.
  • the term “communication network” also includes any method or medium for transmitting (or receiving) information from one node to another.
  • the communication network 402 is formed via a communication connection among nodes.
  • a “communication connection” may generally refer to a link to provide information transfer between one node and another node.
  • the term "communication network” may be interchangably referred to as a "communication system”.
  • the term “determiner” may refer to a computer-related entity, for example, hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution.
  • the determiner 410 may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and a computer that may be operable in the network component 400.
  • the term “determine” may refer but is not limited to "compute”, “verify”, “check”, “evaluate”, “establish”, or “assess”.
  • the term "logical channel” may generally refer to a channel designation which differs from that of the actual channel (or range of frequencies) on which a signal travels.
  • a logical channel may mean the channel formed by a form of multiplexing is used to separate the data from the channels and/or may be used to mean a communication route within the protocol layers of either the base station or the subscriber station.
  • a logical channel may be referred to as a "virtual channel”.
  • the logical channel may be a communication channel or a physical channel.
  • the term "communication channel” may refer to an entire system bandwidth or a portion thereof (i.e. a range of frequencies).
  • a bandwidth is defined as the width of the range of frequencies that an electronic signal uses on a given transmission medium, which may be a wireless medium. Bandwidth may be expressed in terms of the difference between the highest-frequency signal component and the lowest-frequency signal component.
  • the communication channel 404 may also be a sub-channel.
  • the term "communication channel" may be referred to as a "band”.
  • a change in the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 may refer to a channel having a difference in bandwidth.
  • the change in bandwidth may include but is not limited to an increase in bandwidth or a decrease in bandwidth.
  • the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 used by the communication network 402 may be changed by an increase in the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 comprising a combination of the communication channel 404 with at least one other communication channel, or a decrease in the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 comprising a division of the communication channel 404 into at least two separate communication channels.
  • controller may generally refer to any device, system, or part thereof that controls or changes at least one operation.
  • the controller 412 may be configured to change the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 by combining the communication channel 404 with the at least one other communication channel if it has been determined that the required number of logical channels is decreased. For example, when less logical channels are required or needed, the communication channel may be combined with another communication channel to provide increased channel bandwidth for high rate transmission.
  • the controller 412 may be configured to change the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 by dividing the communication channel 404 if it has been determined that the required number of logical channels is increased. For example, when more logical channels are required or needed, the communication channel may be divided into several communication channels to provide for more pathways for transmission.
  • the controller 412 may be configured to change the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 by dividing the communication channel
  • each communication channel may be divided into two separate channels such that eight logical channels may be formed in accordance to the requirements.
  • Such requirements may be dependent on the demand for channels by a communication system.
  • the controller may be configured to change the bandwidth of the communication channel by combining the communication channel with the at least one other communication channel if it has been determined that the required number of logical channels is smaller than a total number of communication channels comprising the communication channel and the at least one other communication channel. For example, if the number of communication channels is four (e.g., CHI, CH2, CH3 and CH4) and the required number of logical channels is two (e.g., LCI and LC2), CHI and CH2 may combine to form LCI, while CH3 and CH4 may combine to form LC2. By such a combination LCI and LC2 would have large bandwidths to cater for high bit transmission.
  • transceiver refers to a combination transmitter/receiver.
  • a transceiver may be the transmitter and receiver combined into a single package.
  • a transceiver comprises both transmitting and receiving capabilities and functions.
  • the term "send” may refer but is not limited to transmit.
  • the transceiver 414 means a node configured to send voice or data service.
  • a communication device 406 refers to a machine that assists data transmission, that is sending and/or receiving data information.
  • a communication device 406 may be but is not limited to, for example, a station, or a base station (BS), or a mobile station (MS) in BS mode, or a port, or an access point, or a personal basic service set central point, or a mobile phone, or a cellular phone, etc.
  • the communication device 406 may be any of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a Personal Communication Service (PCS) phone, a Global System for Mobile (GSM) phone, a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) phone, a Mobile Broadband System (MBS) phone, etc.
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • PCS Personal Communication Service
  • GSM Global System for Mobile
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • MSS Mobile Broadband System
  • UE User Equipment
  • SS Subscriber Station
  • MSS Mobile Subscriber Station
  • AMS Advanced Mobile Station
  • the communication device 406 may be a base station.
  • the term "signal" refers to a communication signal.
  • the signal may be a message, which may be a short information sent from one entity (node), for example, the network component 400, to at least another one entity (node), for example, the communication device 406.
  • a signal may be a packet or a cluster.
  • a signal may comprise precisely formatted data that is sent and received by nodes and may represent a request, report, or an event.
  • the signal may be comprised in or encoded in or indicated in another signal.
  • the term "indicating” includes, but not be limited by, specifying, showing, implying, revealing, notifying, publishing, or registering.
  • the network component 400 may further comprise an operator 500 configured to control an operation of the network component 400 in the communication channel 404 with the changed bandwidth if the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 has been changed.
  • the term "operator” may refer to a controller for operating a communication network.
  • the operator 500 may be configured to cease the operation of the communication network 402 in the communication channel 404 and/or to resume the operation of the communication network 402 in the communication channel 404 with the changed bandwidth if the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 has been changed.
  • the operator 500 may be configured to cease the operation of the communication network 402 in the communication channel 404 after a predetermined period of time.
  • the transceiver 414 may be configured to send the signal 408 through a beacon time of the network component 400.
  • the beacon time may be, for example, similarly defined as the beacon time 204 of Figure 2.
  • Various embodiments may relate to MAC protocols for dividing (or splitting) a large channel and combining (or merging) two small channels for dynamic control of bandwidth.
  • Each of these channels for example, the communication channel 408 of Figure 4(a), may be used for the operation of a communication network, for example, the communication network 402 of Figure 4(a).
  • An example of this communication network may be the China Wireless Personal Area Network (CWPAN).
  • CWPAN China Wireless Personal Area Network
  • there may be a number of large channels available, but the number of logical channels (bands) needed is more than the number of large bands available.
  • CWPAN China Wireless Personal Area Network
  • the determiner 410 may be configured to perform a periodic measurement on the at least one other communication channel to check the availability of the at least one other communication channel for combination with the communication channel 404 to provide the increase in the bandwidth of the communication channel 404; and wherein the at least one other communication channel and the communication channel 404 are adjacent to each other.
  • the at least one other communication channel has a bandwidth that is substantially the same as the bandwidth of the communication channel 404.
  • periodic measurement refers to a measurement made at regular or fixed intervals over a period of time. This period of time may be predetermined.
  • the term “check” may similarly refer to “determine” as defined herein above.
  • the “check” may further refer to “scan”.
  • the term “availability” with respect to a channel refers to having no networks operating within the channel.
  • the term “availability” may interchangably be referred to as “free”, “being unoccupied”, or “vacant”.
  • the checking of the availability of a channel may involve performing a measurement on the beacon transmission, i.e., scanning for beacons in different channels or carrying out energy detection in the different channels.
  • adjacent may refer to close to or lying near, but not necessarily touching.
  • an adjacent channel is the channel immediately following a preceding channel, that is, the lowest frequency point of the adjacent channel may be the highest frequency point of the preceding channel; or the lowest frequency point of the preceding channel may be the highest frequency point of the adjacent channel. These points may overlap.
  • using a MAC algorithm for merging a small channel and an unoccupied small channel into a large channel may refer to the MAC protocol 300 involving combining or merging channels (or bands) 304 of Figure 3.
  • a PCP/AP for example, the network component 400 of Figure 4(a) or 4(b) of a network (for example, the communication network 402 of Figure 4(a)), operating in a small channel may periodically do channel measurements on its adjacent small channel which may potentially be used to form a large channel to improve performance. If a vacant adjacent small channel is detected, the PCP/AP may decide if it wants to expand its small channel to a large channel. If the existing network decides to expand its small channel to a large channel, it may inform all of its devices (communication terminals) in the communication network through its beacon time to change its operating channel to a large operating channel.
  • the channel switch announcement information element may be used in the beacon to announce the channel switching to the new large channel. Then, the existing network may cease its operation after a period of time. Then, the existing network may continue its operation as a new network and carry out the necessary procedures in the new large channel. Examples of such procedures may include but are not limited to beamfonning, association, new schedules for service periods (SPs) and contention-based periods (CBPs), etc.
  • the determiner 410 may be configured to select a probability value indicating a likelihood of operating the communication network 402 in the communication channel 404 with the changed bandwidth if the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 has been changed; and wherein the transceiver 414 may be configured to send the signal 408 when it has been determined that the probability value is less than a threshold.
  • the term "probability value” is a value less than 1, mathematically representing a degree of probability.
  • the term “likelihood” may refer to an increase in the probability of an event, in this case, the operation of a communication network in a channel.
  • threshold refers to a predetermined value, or a default value, or a user specified value above which a network is likely to operate in a channel, or below which the network is unlikely to operate in the channel.
  • using a MAC algorithm for moving of two small channels into two large channels or moving one of the small channels into another large channel depending on band plans may refer to the MAC protocol 300 involving moving network operations from one channel (or band) to another 306 of Figure 3.
  • a PCP/AP for example, the network component 400 of Figure 4(a) or 4(b)
  • a communication network for example, the communication network 402 of Figure 4(a)
  • the PCP/AP may decide if it wants to move its small channel to a large channel.
  • the PCP/AP may choose a probability of moving to the new large channel. If the probability chosen is less than a threshold or a threshold probability, then the PCP/AP may decide to move to the large channel.
  • the threshold probability may be chosen as 1/N, where N may be but is not limited to the total number of channels or a predetermined value. Otherwise, the network may stay in its current small channel.
  • the reason for choosing to move or stay with a probability may be that the same algorithm may be used by the other network operating in the adjacent small channel. Thus, if both of channels decide to move to the new large channel all at the time, there will be collisions. The sum of the probability of moving to a large channel and the probability of staying in the same small channel is one. If the existing network decides to expand its small channel to a large channel, it may inform all of its devices (communication terminals) in the network through its beacon time to change its operating channel to a large operating channel.
  • the channel switch announcement information element may be used in the beacon to announce the switching to the new large channel. Then, the existing network may suspend its operation after a period of time. Then, the existing network may continue its operation as a new network and carry out the necessary procedures in the new large channel. Examples of such procedures may include but are not limited to beamforming, association, new schedules for service periods (SPs) and contention-based periods (CBPs), etc.
  • both small channel networks move to the same large channel, the MAC algorithm for moving is repeated until one of them is in the large channel and the other network is in another large or small channel depending on the band plans.
  • the two networks are not synchronized and the beacon intervals are relatively long compared to the beacon times, ability to listen to each of the beacon time may still be very likely. In the event that the beacon times collide, then the two networks may need to restart the whole procedure anew. However, this (latter) case may be highly unlikely.
  • the network component 400 may further comprise a transceiver configured to receive a request from a communication terminal to divide the communication channel 404.
  • This transceiver may refer to the transceiver 414 of Figure
  • the term “receive” may interchangably be referred but not limited to as listen, or collect, or detect.
  • “receive” may further include to determine that the received request is correctly or incorrectly obtained. When correctly obtained, the received request is identical or at least substantially similar as the transmitted request. Such determining of a correct or incorrect request may be performed by error detections, for example, cyclic redundancy check (CRC).
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • the term "request” may be a signal or a message or data.
  • the term "communication terminal” may refer to a machine that assists data transmission, that is sending and/or receiving data information. Accordingly, the communication terminal may also be generally referred to as a node.
  • the communication terminal may be a communication terminal of the plurality of communication terminals.
  • a communication terminal may be, for example but not limited to, a station, or a mobile station (MS), or a substation, or a port, or a mobile phone, or a cellular phone.
  • the communication terminal may comprise a MS of the cellular mobile communication system.
  • the MS may be any of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a cellular phone, a Personal Communication Service (PCS) phone, a Global System for Mobile (GSM) phone, a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) phone, a Mobile Broadband System (MBS) phone, etc.
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • GSM Global System for Mobile
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • MBS Mobile Broadband System
  • the term 'MS' may interchangably be referred to as the term 'User Equipment (UE)', 'Subscriber Station (SS'), 'Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS)', 'mobile terminal', 'Advanced Mobile Station (AMS)', etc.
  • UE User Equipment
  • SS' 'Subscriber Station
  • MSS Mobile Subscriber Station
  • AMS Advanced Mobile Station
  • the signal 408 may comprise a response to the request.
  • using a MAC algorithm for splitting of a large channel into two small channels may refer to the MAC protocol 300 involving dividing or splitting a channel (or band) 302 of Figure 3.
  • a new communication terminal or network device
  • wants an existing network to be split to a small channel from a large channel it may first join the existing network. The joining of an existing network may be as described herein below.
  • This device may then send a command frame to the personal basic service set central point/access point (PCP/AP), for example, the network component 400 of Figure 4(a) or 4(b), of the existing communication network (for example, the communication network 402 of Figure 4(a)) to request for the channel splitting.
  • PCP/AP personal basic service set central point/access point
  • a request data frame may be used to perform channel splitting. If the existing network decides to split its large channel to a small channel, it may inform all of its devices (communication terminals) in the network, including that requesting device, through its beacon time to change its operating channel to a small operating channel.
  • a channel switch announcement information element may be used in the beacon to announce the switching to the new small channel.
  • a response data frame may also be sent to the requesting device which wants to start a new network. Then, the existing network may cease its operation in the large channel after a period of time. Then, the existing network will continue its operation as a new network and carry out the necessary procedures in the new small channel. Examples of such procedures may include but are not limited to beamforming, association, new schedules for service periods (SPs) and contention-based periods (CBPs), etc.
  • SPs new schedules for service periods
  • CBPs contention-based periods
  • the requesting device which wants to start up another new network may perform a channel measurement in the other small channel.
  • the requesting device may need to listen to the channel switch announcement IE in the beacon of the existing network.
  • Channel measurement in the other small channel may also be performed using active or passive scanning procedure in IEEE 802.11 to receive a beacon from the network or by using energy detection in the channel. If the other small channel is vacant
  • the requesting device may start up its operation as a new PCP/AP of the new network.
  • Other devices which want to join this new network in the other small channel may do so through standard or conventional beamforming and association procedures.
  • the network component 400 may be a communication terminal.
  • the term "communication terminal" is as defined above, In this context, the communication terminal may be a communication terminal having joined the communication network or intending to communicate with a communication device, which may be, for example, a base station.
  • the signal 408 may comprise a beacon or an energy level of the communication channel 402.
  • beacon may generally refer to a signal or a synchronized signal broadcast from a AP.
  • broadcast refers to sending out the beacon from one node over an area, i.e. to all or multiple communication devices (e.g. using the same radio communication technology, e.g. according to the same communication standard, as the communication terminal or being part of the same network as the communication device) located in the area.
  • multiple communication devices may refer to a subset of communication terminals in the network.
  • the determiner 414 may be further configured to determine whether to join the communication network 402 if it has been determined that the bandwidth of the communication channel 404 remains unchanged after sending a request to the communication device 406.
  • the communication network 402 may be of a same network type in which the network component 400 operates prior to joining the network.
  • the communication network 402 may be of a different network type in which the network component 400 operates prior to joining the network.
  • join refers to a network component, initially not operating in a communication channel becomes operative in that channel. If the network component 400 is operative in the channel and is operating in an network regardless of the same or a different type, the network component 400 may be referred to as “joining” the network. On the other hand, if the network component 400 is operative in a new channel, the network component 400 may be referred to as "starting" a new network.
  • networks of the same type may be a CWPAN network and another CWPAN network in the channel.
  • networks of different types may be a CWPAN network and a DBand network in the channel.
  • using a MAC algorithm for joining an existing network or another type of network may refer to the MAC protocol 300 involving a network component joining an existing network in a channel 308 of Figure 3.
  • a network component for example, the network component 400 of Figure 4(a) or 4(b), which wants to start operation of a network may first scan for beacons in different channels (both large and small channels) or carry out energy detection in the different channel for a sufficient time to determine whether the channels are occupied or vacant. If the channels are all occupied and none of the channels operated by the same type of network(s) as the network in which the network device initially operates may be split, the network device may decide to join an existing network of the same type or an existing network of another type. This network device may perform the necessary procedures to join the detected network of the device's desire. Examples of such procedures may include but are not limited to beamforming, association, etc.
  • using a MAC algorithm for not joining an existing network or another type of network may refer to the MAC protocol
  • a network component for example, the network component 400 of Figure 4(a) or 4(b), which wants to start operation of a network may first scan for beacons in different channels (both large and small channels) or carry out energy detection in the different channel for a sufficient time to determine whether the channels are occupied or vacant. If at least one large channel is not occupied, the network device starts its network operation in one of the large channels. If all of the large channels are occupied but at least one of the large channels is occupied by the same type of network as the network in which communication terminal initially operates, the network device may request to split the large channel or one of the large channels into two small channels and operate its new network using the procedures as described herein above.
  • a method of performing an operation of a communication network in a communication channel comprises determining a required number of logical channels 602; determining whether a bandwidth of a communication channel used by the communication network should be changed based on the required number of logical channels 604; changing the bandwidth of the communication channel if it has been determined that the bandwidth of the communication channel used by the communication network should be changed based on the required number of logical channels 606; and sending to a communication device a signal indicating to the communication device to operate in the communication channel with the changed bandwidth if the bandwidth of the communication channel has been changed 608.
  • the communication network may be the communication network 402 of Figure 4(a)
  • the communication device may be the communication device 406 of Figure 4(a)
  • the communication channel may the communication channel 404 of Figure 4(a).
  • the method 600 may comprise a Medium Access Control (MAC) method.
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • changing the bandwidth of the communication channel 606 comprises combining the communication channel with at least one other communication channel to increase the channel bandwidth, or dividing the communication channel into at least two separate channels to decrease the channel bandwidth.
  • the terms “combining” and “dividing” may interchangably be referred to as “merging” and “splitting”, respectively.
  • the method may further comprise operating the communication network solely in the communication channel or operating the communication network along with another communication network in the communication channel.
  • the term “solely” may refer to being the only one.
  • the communication network in which the network component operates is the only communication network operating in the communication channel.
  • operating the network component in the communication network along with another communication network in the communication channel may refer to the communication channel having the communication network in which the network component operates and the other network.
  • the network component may be the network component 400 of Figure 4(a) or 4(b).
  • the method 600 may further comprise performing a sequence of occupancy of the communication channel and at least one other communication channel.
  • performing the sequence of occupancy of the communication channel and the at least one other communication channel may comprise determining whether the communication channel and/or the at least one other communication channel is occupied; performing the operation of the communication network in the communication channel or the at least one other communication channel without changing the respective bandwidths of the communication channel or the at least one other communication channel if it has been determined that the communication channel or the at least one other communication channel is available; and performing the operation of the communication network in the communication channel with the changed bandwidth if the bandwidth of the communication channel has been changed and if it has been determined that the communication channel and the at least one other communication channel are occupied.
  • sequence of occupancy refers to a list of events leading up to the change in the bandwidth of the communication channel, if applicable, and the determining of the channel in which the network operates.
  • the assumption of the occupancy of the channels may be based on a first-come-first-serve basis. If a network is operating in a channel, a communication terminal (or device) from another type of network cannot start its operation in the channel. A mechanism to enable this function is assumed.
  • the network device may also be assumed to be able to detect the beacons of an existing network of the same type as the network in which the network device operates, as well as the beacons of an existing network of another type (i.e. ⁇ a different type from the network in which the network deivce operates).
  • the network device may operate in both a large band as well as a small band, while the network device of another type may operate only in a large band.
  • the network device may operate in the same type of network as well as in the other different type of network.
  • Various examples may include methods of medium access control that relate generally to methods of utilizing the bands (channels) in accordance to band plans such that more logical channels (small channels) may be possible for networks to operate in as compared to a limited number of available large channels.
  • the number of available (large) channels is set as two and the number of small channels within a large channel, denoted as M, is set at two.
  • the number of large channel, N may be greater or equal to one and the number of small channels with a large channel, M, may be greater or equal to two.
  • Figure 7 shows an example of five possible band plans namely (a) Band Plan
  • band Plan E where the number of available large channels is 2 and the number of small bands in each large channel is 2.
  • Band Plan E At least three logical channels (bands) are needed.
  • Large (L) bands have precedent over small (S) bands if the bands are not used.
  • the number suffixing the letter of L and S respectively representing large and small band is used to represent the sequence in which the new networks may start operation.
  • the sequences shown in Figure 7 are only illustrative examples. Other sequences may be possible too.
  • bands and "channels” may be used interchangeably.
  • Figure 8 shows an example of a sequence of occupancy of bands as an additional network starts operation in Band Plan A. Another three sequences of occupancy of bands may also be possible in this band plan.
  • a new network starts in a large band LI if no band is occupied ( Figure 8(a)). Detecting whether a channel is occupied may be done by scanning for the beacon of the network that is occupying the channel or by using energy detection for the channel's bandwidth. If band LI is occupied, a new network starts operation in a large band L2 ( Figure 8(b)).
  • the large band L2 is split into two small bands, where the existing network in band L2 occupies a small band S3 for its operation and the new network occupies a small band S4 for its operation ( Figure 8(c)).
  • a MAC protocol for splitting a large channel into two small channels may be as described hereinabove. If the large band LI and the two small bands S3 and S4 are occupied, the large band LI is split into two small bands, where the existing network in band LI occupies a small band S5 for its operation and the new network occupies a small band S6 for its operation ( Figure 8(d)). The same MAC protocol for splitting a large channel into two small channels may be used. Other sequences for occupying the small bands may also be possible.
  • the MAC protocol as described hereinabove may also merge the adjacent small band of the small band and made available into a large band. If there is a large channel and two small channels occupied and the network that is occupying the large band cease its network operation, the MAC protocol as described hereinabove may also enable both of the networks occupying the two small bands to occupy a large band each in bands LI and L2.
  • Figure 9 shows an example of a sequence of occupancy of bands as an additional network starts operation in Band Plan B. Another sequence of occupancy of bands may also be possible in this band plan.
  • a new network starts in a large band LI if no bands are occupied ( Figure 9(a)). If band LI is occupied, a new network starts operation in a large band L2 ( Figure 9(b)). If both large bands LI and L2 are occupied, the large band L2 is split into two small bands, where the existing network in band L2 occupies a small band S3 for its operation and the new network occupies a small band S4 for its operation ( Figure 9(c)). Another sequence for occupying the small bands may also be possible.
  • the same MAC protocol that is described hereinabove may be used for the splitting of a large band into two small bands and merging a small band with another unoccupied small band into a large band.
  • Figure 10 shows an example of a sequence of occupancy of bands as an additional network starts operation in Band Plan C. Another sequence of occupancy of bands may also be possible in this band plan.
  • a new network starts in a large band LI if no bands are occupied ( Figure 10(a)). If band LI is occupied, a new network starts operation in a large band L2 ( Figure 10(b)). If both large bands LI and L2 are occupied, the large band LI is split into two small bands, where the existing network in band LI occupies a small band S5 for its operation and the new network occupies a smalle band S6 for its operation ( Figure 10(c)). Another sequence for occupying the small bands may also be possible.
  • the same MAC protocol that is described hereinabove may be used for the splitting of a large band into two small bands and merging a small band with another unoccupied small band into a large band.
  • Figure 11 shows an example of a sequence of occupancy of bands as an additional network starts operation in Band Plan D. Another sequence of occupancy of bands may also be possible in this band plan.
  • a new network starts in a large band LI if no bands are occupied ( Figure 11(a)). If band LI is occupied, a new network starts operation in a small band S3 ( Figure 11(b)). If both the large band LI and the small band S3 are occupied, the new network occupies a small band S4 for its operation ( Figure 1 1(b)). Another sequence for occupying the small bands may also be possible.
  • the MAC protocol for the splitting of a large channel and merging of an occupied small channel with another unoccupied channel is not needed in this band plan.
  • Figure 12 shows a sequence of occupancy of bands as an additional network starts operation in Band Plan E.
  • a new network starts in a large band L2 if no bands are occupied ( Figure 12(a)). If band L2 is occupied, a new network starts operation in a small band S5 ( Figure 12(b)). If both the large band L2 and the small band S5 are occupied, the new network occupies a small band S6 for its operation ( Figure 12(b)). Another sequence for occupying the small bands may also be possible.
  • the MAC protocol for the splitting of a large channel and merging of an occupied small channel with another unoccupied channel is not needed in this band plan.
  • At least one of the networks operating in the large channel is of the other type (or a different type). If all of the large channels are occupied by the other type of networks or all of the channels are occupied either by the other (O) type of network operating in a large band and two networks of the same type operating in two small bands or by the other type of network operating in a large band and a network of the same type operating in a large band, depending on the band plans as shown in Figure 13, the new network device which wants to start its network operation may only decide if it wants to join one of these networks.
  • At least one large channel is occupied by another type of network (O) and the two small channels occupied by the same type of networks if these channels cannot be split further or the other large channel occupied by the same type of network if this channel cannot be split according to the band plans, wherein Figure 13 shows (a) for Band Plans A, B, C, D and E; (b) for Band Plans A, B and D; (c) for Band Plans A, C and E; (d) for Band Plan B; and (e) for Band Plan C.
  • the network device may request to split the large channel into two small channels as shown in Figure 14 and starts its network operation if the large channel may be split according to the band plans.
  • Figure 14 shows (a) for Band Plans A and B; and (b) for Band Plans A and D.
  • Figure 17 shows (a) for Band Plans A, B and D; and (b) for Band Plans A, C and E.
  • Case 3 At least one existing network is of the same type and and the new network of the other type wants to start network operation
  • Figure 18 shows one large channel is occupied by another type of network (O) and the other large channel is occupied by the same type of network may be split according to the Band Plans, wherein Figure 18 shows (a) for Band Plans A, B, C and D; and (b) for Band Plans A, B, C and E.
  • this network device of the other type may decide if it wants to join the network or one of the networks of its type.
  • Figure 19 shows one large channel is occupied by another type of network (O) and the other small channel is occupied by the same type of network according to the Band Plans D ( Figure 19(a)) and E ( Figure 1 (b)).
  • Various embodiments disclose medium access methods and band plans to dynamically control bandwidth such that both large and small channels may be possible so as to increase the number of logical channels and not be limited by the number of available large channels. While the current implementation involves the use of the MAC of IEEE 802.11 ad Draft Standard, September 2010, various embodiments, for example, as presented herein have applications in other types of networks, including future versions of the IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15 and ECMA-387 standards. Therefore, various embodiments herein described should not be constructed as being limited solely to the application to present wireless local area networks and wireless personal area networks compliant to these standards.
  • Various embodiments advantageously enable the starting of a network according to a band plan when a channel is available, enable dynamic control of bandwidth to increase the number of logical channels and not be limited by the number of available large bands, enable a splitting algorithm for partitioning a large band into small bands to increase the number of logical channels, enable a merging algorithm for combining small bands into a large band to increase data rate, enable a similar merging algorithm for combining large bands into a even larger band to increase data rate, enable a new network device that wants to start operation in a band to detect another network of the same type or of a different type in the band and be able to join this existing network or to move to another band and be able to avoid any potential interference to the existing network if the new network device were to start operation of a new network.
  • methods of medium access control for establishing new wireless network for a group of networks, some of the same type and others of another type (or different types), based on an superimposed band plan are described hereinabove, where there are a number of large frequency bands; and/or there are a number of small frequency bands; and/or a number of small frequency bands may be superimposed within one of said large frequency bands.
  • the MAC protocols in accordance to various embodiments may comprise the following steps:
  • the starting or initiation of a new network may use scanning of beacons of the existing networks or energy detection of existing networks over a sufficient time and may establish a new network operation in a vacant channel or split an existing large channel into small channels and establishes a new network operation in one of the small channels.
  • the splitting of a large channel into small channels as described above may use the channel scanning or channel measurement using energy detection to determine that the channels are all occupied and one of the large channel of the same type as the requesting network device which is starting a new network operation is split into small channel invoking a procedure and the said network device establishes a new network operation in one of the small channels.
  • the merging of a small channel and adjacent vacant small channel into a large channel may use the channel scanning or channel measurement using energy detection to determine that the adjacent channel(s) is/are all vacant and then invoke a procedure to expand the small channel into a large channel.
  • the joining of existing network may use association procedures as described hereinabove to join the network.
  • the network operation in starting a new network in a vacant channel may use procedures in starting up a wireless network as described hereinabove, but in accordance to the band plan.
  • the procedure for large channel splitting may comprise or may consist the said network device sending a command frame to the PCP/AP of the existing network to request for the channel splitting.
  • This procedure for large channel splitting may also comprise or may consist a request data frame being used to perform channel splitting. If the existing network decides to split its large channel to a small channel, it informs all of its devices in the network, including that requesting device, through its beacon time to change its operating channel to a small operating channel.
  • the procedure for large channel splitting may also comprise or may consist a channel switch announcement information element (IE) being used in the beacon to announce the switching to the new small channel.
  • IE channel switch announcement information element
  • a response data frame may also be sent to the requesting device which wants to start a new network.
  • the existing network may cease its operation in the large channel after a period of time.
  • the existing network may continue its operation as a new network and perform the necessary procedures in the new small channel.
  • the procedure for large channel splitting may also comprise or may consist the requesting device which wants to start up another new network to perform a channel measurement in the other small channel. The requesting device may need to listen to the channel switch announcement IE in the beacon of the existing network.
  • Channel measurement in the other small channel may also be carried out using active or passive scanning procedure in IEEE 802.11 to receive a beacon from the network or by using energy detection in the channel. If the other small channel is vacant, the requesting device may start up its operation as a new PCP/AP of the new network.
  • the procedure for merging a small channel with a vacant adjacent small channel may further comprise or may consist a PCP/AP of a network operating in a small channel periodically doing channel measurements on its adjacent small channel which could potentially be used to form a large channel to improve data rate performance. If a vacant adjacent small channel is detected, the PCP/AP may decide if it wants to expand its small channel to a large channel. If the existing network decides to expand its small channel to a large channel, it will inform all of its devices in the network through its beacon time to change its operating channel to a large operating channel.
  • the procedure for merging a small channel with a vacant adjacent small channel may also comprise or may consist the channel switch announcement information element (IE) to be used in the beacon to announce the channel switching to the new large channel. Then, the existing network may suspend its operation after a period of time. Then, the existing network may continue its operation as a new network and perform the necessary procedures in the new large channel.
  • IE channel switch announcement information element
  • the above described procedures may comprise or may consist beamforming, association, new schedules for service periods (SPs) and contention-based periods (CBPs), etc.
  • SPs service periods
  • CBPs contention-based periods
  • the merging of a large channel and adjacent vacant large channel into a even larger channel may also be carried out using the aforementioned procedures described where the small channel is replaced by large channel and the large channel is replaced by a large channel.
  • the phrase "at least substantially” may include “exactly” and a variance of +/- 5% thereof.
  • the phrase "A is at least substantially the same as B” may encompass embodiments where A is exactly the same as B, or where A may be within a variance of +/- 5%, for example of a value, of B, or vice versa.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un composant de réseau d'un réseau de communication, le composant de réseau comprenant un déterminant configuré pour déterminer un nombre requis de canaux logiques et déterminer si une bande passante d'un canal de communication utilisé par le réseau de communication doit être changée en fonction du nombre requis de canaux logiques ; un contrôleur configuré pour changer la bande passante du canal de communication s'il a été déterminé que la bande passante du canal de communication utilisé par le réseau de communication doit être changé en fonction du nombre requis de canaux logiques ; et un émetteur-récepteur configuré pour envoyer à un dispositif de communication un signal indiquant au dispositif de communication de fonctionner dans le canal de communication avec la bande passante changée si la bande passante du canal de communication a été changée. L'invention concerne également un procédé de réalisation d'un fonctionnement d'un réseau de communication dans un canal de communication.
PCT/SG2012/000073 2011-03-08 2012-03-07 Régulation de bande passante dynamique de canaux pour le fonctionnement de réseaux WO2012121672A1 (fr)

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