WO2012114487A1 - 風力発電装置の制御装置、風力発電装置、及び風力発電装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
風力発電装置の制御装置、風力発電装置、及び風力発電装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012114487A1 WO2012114487A1 PCT/JP2011/054044 JP2011054044W WO2012114487A1 WO 2012114487 A1 WO2012114487 A1 WO 2012114487A1 JP 2011054044 W JP2011054044 W JP 2011054044W WO 2012114487 A1 WO2012114487 A1 WO 2012114487A1
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- Prior art keywords
- wind
- wind speed
- torque
- generator
- rotor
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0272—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor by measures acting on the electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
- F03D7/0292—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power to reduce fatigue
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
- F05B2270/1014—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to keep rotational speed constant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/103—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
- F05B2270/1032—Torque
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/20—Purpose of the control system to optimise the performance of a machine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
- F05B2270/3201—"cut-off" or "shut-down" wind speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/335—Output power or torque
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wind turbine generator control device, a wind turbine generator, and a wind turbine generator control method.
- a rotor having blades receives wind to rotate, and a generator connected to the rotor via a main shaft generates power by the rotation of the rotor.
- a load corresponding to the rotation acts on devices such as the main shaft and the gearbox of the wind power generator. Therefore, the wind turbine generator stops power generation when it reaches a predetermined wind speed (cutout wind speed) in order to prevent the load acting on equipment such as the spindle and gearbox from exceeding the predetermined design load. is doing.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for reducing the output while lowering the rotational speed of the rotor when the wind received by the wind turbine generator reaches a wind speed that causes wear due to overload. .
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and even when the wind received by the wing is strong, the wind force capable of reducing the load acting on the device and suppressing the reduction of the output. It is an object of the present invention to provide a control device for a power generation device, a wind power generation device, and a control method for the wind power generation device.
- the wind power generator control device, wind power generator, and wind power generator control method of the present invention employ the following means.
- the control device for a wind turbine generator is a wind turbine generator in which a rotor having blades receives wind to rotate, and a generator connected to the rotor via a main shaft generates power by the rotation of the rotor.
- a predetermined second wind speed that is smaller than the first wind speed, which is a limit value at which the torque acting on the main shaft may cause wear on the device.
- the torque acting on the main shaft of the wind power generator in which the rotor having blades receives the wind and rotates, and the generator connected to the rotor via the main shaft generates electric power by the rotation of the rotor is controlled. Is done.
- the torque acting on the main shaft has a limit value that may increase as the wind received by the blades increases and cause wear on the equipment.
- the said apparatus is a gearbox etc. other than a main axis
- the output control means causes the torque to reach the limit value at the first wind speed. Control is performed so that the change in torque differs before and after the second wind speed so as not to exceed.
- the present invention is based on the above control by the output control means. Even if the first wind speed is exceeded, power generation by the generator can be continued.
- the present invention can reduce the load acting on the device and suppress the reduction of the output even when the wind received by the wing is strong.
- the wind turbine generator according to the present invention is a wind turbine generator in which a rotor having blades receives wind to rotate and a generator connected to the rotor via a main shaft generates electric power by rotation of the rotor.
- the blade receives a wind reaching the first wind speed at which the torque acting on the main shaft becomes a limit value that may cause wear on the equipment, the torque is generated at the first wind speed.
- Output control means for performing control to vary the torque change before and after the first wind speed so as not to exceed the limit value.
- the present invention when the blades receive wind that reaches the first wind speed at which the torque acting on the main shaft reaches a limit value, the change in torque is prevented by the output control means so that the torque does not exceed the limit value at the first wind speed. Is controlled before and after the first wind speed. Therefore, the present invention can reduce the load acting on the device and suppress the reduction of the output even when the wind received by the wing is strong.
- the structure provided with the pitch angle control means which controls the pitch angle of the said blade so that the rotation speed of the said rotor may be kept constant is preferable.
- the pitch angle of the blade is controlled so as to keep the rotation speed of the rotor constant (for example, constant at the rated rotation speed). It is possible to prevent the rotation speed of the rotor from increasing.
- the output control means reduce the slope of the change in torque when the wind received by the blades reaches the second wind speed compared to before reaching the second wind speed.
- the gradient of the change in torque acting on the main shaft is made smaller than before reaching the second wind speed. Can be prevented more reliably.
- the structure which reduces the said torque by predetermined amount and increases the said torque according to the increase in a wind speed after that is preferable.
- the torque acting on the main shaft is decreased by a predetermined amount, and then the torque is increased in accordance with the increase in the wind speed. Can be obtained.
- a wind power generator includes a rotor having blades and rotating by receiving wind, a generator connected to the rotor via a main shaft, and generating electric power by rotation of the rotor, and the control described above An apparatus.
- the present invention even when the wind received by the wing is strong, it is possible to reduce the load acting on the device and suppress the reduction of the output.
- the wind power generator control method is a wind power generator in which a rotor having blades receives wind to rotate, and a generator connected to the rotor via a main shaft generates electric power by rotation of the rotor. And when the blade receives a wind that reaches a predetermined second wind speed that is smaller than the first wind speed, which is a limit value at which the torque acting on the main shaft may cause wear on the equipment.
- the present invention even when the wind received by the wing is strong, it is possible to reduce the load acting on the device and suppress the reduction of the output.
- the wind power generator control method is a wind power generator in which a rotor having blades receives wind to rotate, and a generator connected to the rotor via a main shaft generates electric power by rotation of the rotor. And when the blade receives a wind reaching the first wind speed at which the torque acting on the main shaft becomes a limit value that may cause wear on the equipment, the torque is reduced at the first wind speed.
- a second step of stopping power generation by the generator is a wind power generator in which a rotor having blades receives wind to rotate, and a generator connected to the rotor via a main shaft generates electric power by rotation of the rotor. And when the blade receives a wind reaching the first wind speed at which the torque acting on the main shaft becomes a limit value that may cause wear on the equipment, the torque is reduced at
- the present invention even when the wind received by the wing is strong, it is possible to reduce the load acting on the device and suppress the reduction of the output.
- the load acting on the device can be reduced and the output can be suppressed from being reduced.
- FIG. 3 (A) shows the change of the output of the wind power generator with respect to a wind speed
- FIG.3 (B) is a main axis
- FIG. 4 (A) shows the change of the rotation speed of the rotor with respect to a wind speed
- FIG.4 (B) shows the pitch of the blade
- FIG. 6 (A) shows the change of the output of the wind power generator with respect to a wind speed
- FIG.6 (B) is a main axis
- FIG. 1 is an external view of a wind turbine generator 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the wind power generator 10 shown in FIG. 1 is a so-called variable-speed wind turbine, and can be rotated around a substantially horizontal axis line with a column 14 standing on the foundation 12, a nacelle 16 installed at the upper end of the column 14. And a rotor 18 provided in the nacelle 16.
- a plurality of blades 20 are attached to the rotor 18 in a radial pattern around the rotation axis thereof. Thereby, the force of the wind which hits the blade
- the power is converted into electric power by a generator 34 (see FIG. 2) connected to the rotor 18 via the main shaft 30.
- the blades 20 are connected to the rotor 18 so as to be rotatable according to operating conditions, and the pitch angle of the blades 20 can be changed.
- the generator 34 includes a power converter including an inverter, a converter, and the like, and the power converter converts the AC power output from the generator 34 into AC power adapted to the frequency of the power system.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an electrical configuration of the wind turbine generator 10 according to the first embodiment.
- wind turbine generator 10 power is transmitted to the generator 34 via the speed increaser 32 that increases the rotational speed of the main shaft 30, and the power is converted into electric power by the generator 34.
- the wind power generation apparatus 10 is electrically connected to the power system (Grid) via the transformer 36, and supplies power converted from power by the generator 34 to the power system.
- the wind power generator 10 is controlled by a windmill controller 40 provided in the nacelle 16.
- the windmill control device 40 includes a generator output control unit 42 and a pitch angle control unit 44.
- the generator output control unit 42 generates an output command value Pdem for controlling the output of the generator 34 and transmits it to the generator 34.
- the output command value Pdem is determined based on the output request from the power system, the current output of the generator 34, the rotational speed of the rotor 18, the pitch angle of the blades 20, the wind speed, and the like.
- the generator 34 receives the output command value Pdem, the generator 34 changes the output based on the output command value Pdem.
- the pitch angle control unit 44 generates a pitch angle command value ⁇ in order to control the pitch angle of the blade 20 and transmits it to a pitch actuator (not shown) that changes the pitch angle built in the rotor 18.
- the pitch angle command value ⁇ is determined based on the current pitch angle, the wind speed received by the blade 20, the rotational speed of the rotor 18, and the like.
- the pitch actuator changes the pitch angle of the blade 20 based on the pitch angle command value ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing various changes with respect to the wind speed of the wind turbine generator 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the wind speed refers to an average wind speed (for example, an average of 10 minutes).
- FIG. 3A is a graph showing changes in the output of the wind turbine generator 10 with respect to the wind speed.
- a solid line shows a change in the output of the wind turbine generator 10 according to the first embodiment with respect to the wind speed
- a broken line shows a change in the output of the conventional wind turbine generator with respect to the wind speed.
- FIG. 3B shows a change in torque acting on the main shaft 30 with respect to the wind speed.
- a solid line indicates a change in the torque of the wind turbine generator 10 according to the first embodiment with respect to the wind speed
- a broken line indicates a change in the torque of the conventional wind turbine generator with respect to the wind speed.
- the solid line and broken line shown to FIG. 3 (B) change linearly for a planning line, a fluctuation
- the wind power generator 10 increases the wind speed and the output of the generator 34 as well.
- the output of the generator 34 reaches the rated output, the output is kept constant at the rated output.
- a predetermined wind speed for example, 25 m / s, hereinafter referred to as “cutout wind speed”
- cutout wind speed a predetermined wind speed
- An output command value Pdem with output 0 kW was output from the control device 40, and power generation was stopped as indicated by a broken line in FIG.
- the cutout wind speed at which the power generation of the wind power generator 10 is stopped is caused by the torque acting on the main shaft 30 due to the wind, which causes wear on the equipment (the main shaft 30 and the speed increaser 34, etc.).
- the size reaches a limit value (hereinafter referred to as “torque limit”) that may be generated.
- control is performed to vary the torque change before and after the output reduction start wind speed (hereinafter referred to as “torque reduction control”). That is, the wind power generator 10 performs control to reduce (suppress) the increase in torque with respect to the increase in wind speed in a wind speed region that is larger than the rated wind speed and smaller than the cut-out wind speed.
- the output reduction start wind speed is included in the wind speed region.
- the output reduction start wind speed Compared to the case of a small wind speed, the slope of the change in torque is reduced.
- the output of the wind turbine generator 10 begins to decrease below the rated output as shown by the solid line in FIG. .
- the torque does not reach the torque limit even when the wind speed is higher than the conventional cutout wind speed by performing the torque reduction control. Therefore, even if the wind received by the blades 20 exceeds the conventional cutout wind speed, the wind power generator 10 can continue the power generation although the output is less than the rated output. More power generation can be obtained compared to.
- the generator output control unit 42 transmits an output command value Pdem for reducing the output of the generator 34 to the generator 34 when the wind speed reaches the output reduction start wind speed.
- the generator 34 receives the output command value Pdem, the generator 34 controls the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the field according to the output command value Pdem, thereby reducing the magnitude of the torque.
- the output reduction start wind speed should just be a wind speed smaller than the conventional cutout wind speed.
- the output reduction start wind speed when the conventional cutout wind speed is 25 m / s, the output reduction start wind speed is 20 m / s.
- the wind speed always has a certain fluctuation range. For example, when the wind speed is 25 m / s, the fluctuation range is about 10 to 20 m / s. Therefore, torque reduction control is performed. This is to prevent the maximum instantaneous wind speed from exceeding the conventional cutout wind speed before the torque acting on the main shaft 30 exceeds the torque limit.
- the output is reduced from the rated output when the output reduction start wind speed is reached, so that the region ⁇ in FIG. 3A is compared to the conventional wind turbine generator. Does not generate corresponding power.
- the power corresponding to the region ⁇ obtained by the power generation performed at the wind speed larger than the conventional cutout wind speed is larger than the power corresponding to the region ⁇ . For this reason, the wind turbine generator 10 according to the first embodiment can obtain a larger amount of power generation than the conventional wind turbine generator.
- FIG. 4A shows a change in the rotational speed of the rotor 18 with respect to the wind speed according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4B shows a change in the pitch angle of the blade 20 with respect to the wind speed.
- the solid line shows the change in pitch angle according to the first embodiment with respect to the wind speed
- the broken line shows the change in the conventional pitch angle with respect to the wind speed.
- the wind turbine generator 10 controls the pitch angle of the blades 20 so as to keep the rotation speed of the rotor 18 constant before and after torque reduction control. .
- the rotational speed of the rotor 18 is maintained at the rated rotational speed.
- the torque reduction control process including the control with respect to the pitch angle performed by the wind turbine controller 40 according to the first embodiment will be described.
- the torque reduction control process is started so that the wind speed received by the blade 20 reaches the output reduced wind speed.
- step 100 the wind turbine control device 40 causes the generator output control unit 42 to output the output command value Pdem for reducing the output of the generator 34.
- the torque acting on the main shaft 30 is reduced and the load on the generator 34 is reduced, so that the rotational speed of the rotor 18 is increased.
- the rotational speed of the rotor 18 has already reached the rated rotational speed, it is not preferable that the rotational speed of the rotor 18 further increase.
- the wind turbine control device 40 causes the pitch angle control unit 44 to change the pitch angle to the feather side more than the conventional pitch angle, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 4B.
- the command value ⁇ is transmitted to the pitch actuator.
- the pitch actuator changes the pitch angle to the feather side according to the pitch angle command value ⁇ , that is, closes the pitch.
- the wind turbine generator 10 keeps the rotational speed of the rotor 18 at the rated rotational speed, so that the inertial force of the rotor 18 can be kept high and an increase in torque can be prevented.
- step 104 it is determined whether or not the wind speed has further increased and has reached the cutout wind speed (30 m / s as an example) according to the first embodiment. If the determination is affirmative, the process proceeds to step 106. If the determination is negative, the process proceeds to step 108.
- the cutout wind speed according to the first embodiment is higher than the conventional cutout wind speed, and the wind speed at which the torque acting on the main shaft 30 reaches the torque limit when torque reduction control is performed. It is.
- step 106 the windmill control device 40 causes the generator output control unit 42 to transmit an output command value Pdem that stops power generation to the generator 34.
- the generator 34 receives the output command value Pdem, the generator 34 stops the power generation and ends the torque reduction control.
- the pitch angle control unit 44 causes the blades 20 to receive wind and pitch angle command value ⁇ for changing the pitch angle to the most feather side in order to stop the rotation of the rotor 18. You may transmit to an actuator.
- the pitch actuator changes the pitch angle to the feather side according to the pitch angle command value ⁇ .
- step 108 it is determined whether or not the wind received by the blade 20 is equal to or lower than the output reduction start wind speed. If the determination is affirmative, the process proceeds to step 110. If the determination is negative, the process returns to step 104.
- step 110 the windmill control device 40 causes the generator output control unit 42 to transmit the output command value Pdem that increases the output to the rated output to the generator 34.
- the wind turbine controller 40 causes the pitch angle control unit 44 to transmit the pitch angle command value ⁇ when not performing the torque reduction control to the pitch actuator, and ends the torque reduction control.
- the blade 20 receives the wind that reaches the output reduction start wind speed in which the torque acting on the main shaft 30 is smaller than the conventional cutout wind speed that becomes the torque limit.
- torque reduction control is performed so that the change in torque differs before and after the output reduction start wind speed so that the torque does not exceed the torque limit at the conventional cutout wind speed.
- the slope of the change in torque with respect to the wind speed is compared with that before reaching the output reduction start wind speed. Make it smaller.
- the wind power generator 10 stops the power generation by the generator 34 when the wind speed further increases and the wind speed reaches a torque limit.
- the wind turbine generator 10 according to the first embodiment can reduce the load acting on the device and suppress the reduction of the output even when the wind received by the blade 20 is strong. Furthermore, since the wind power generator 10 according to the first embodiment can reduce the load acting on the equipment, there is a margin for the maximum load and fatigue strength on the equipment.
- the pitch angle of the blades 20 is controlled so as to keep the rotation speed of the rotor 18 constant. It is possible to prevent the number from rising.
- the configuration of the wind turbine generator 10 according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the wind turbine generator 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing various changes with respect to the wind speed of the wind turbine generator 10 according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 6 (A) shows changes in the output of the wind turbine generator 10 with respect to the wind speed. ) Indicates a change in torque acting on the main shaft 30 with respect to the wind speed.
- the generator output control unit 42 of the wind turbine generator 10 reduces the torque by a predetermined amount when the wind received by the blades 20 reaches the conventional cutout wind speed as shown in FIG. Thereafter, torque reduction control for increasing the torque according to the increase in the wind speed is performed.
- the generator output control unit 42 outputs an output command value for sharply reducing the output of the generator 34 by a predetermined amount when the wind received by the blades 20 reaches the conventional cutout wind speed. Pdem is output to the generator 34. Thereafter, the generator output control unit 42 outputs an output command value Pdem for gradually decreasing the output to the generator 34.
- the wind turbine generator 10 according to the second embodiment has no reduction in the amount of power generation corresponding to the region ⁇ shown in FIG. 3A according to the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. Therefore, more output can be obtained from the generator 34.
- the pitch angle control unit 44 uses a pitch angle command value ⁇ for changing the pitch angle to the feather side more than the conventional pitch angle, as in the first embodiment. Send to.
- the pitch actuator changes the pitch angle to the feather side according to the pitch angle command value ⁇ , that is, closes the pitch.
- the wind turbine generator 10 according to the second embodiment keeps the rotational speed of the rotor 18 at the rated rotational speed, so that the inertial force of the rotor 18 can be kept high and an increase in torque can be prevented.
- the wind power generator 10 stops the power generation by the generator 34.
- the mode in which the torque reduction control is performed only once after the wind speed reaches the output reduction start wind speed (after the wind speed has reached the conventional cutout wind speed in the second embodiment) has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the torque reduction control may be performed a plurality of times before the torque reaches the torque limit.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and is, for example, curvilinear so as to approach the torque limit. It may be changed to stepwise or stepwise.
Abstract
Description
なお、主軸に作用するトルクは、翼が受ける風が上昇すると共に上昇し、機器に損耗を生じさせる可能性がある限界値がある。また、上記機器とは、主軸の他に増速機等である。
従って、本発明は、翼が受ける風が強い場合であっても、機器へ作用する荷重を低減させると共に、出力の低減を抑制することができる。
図1は、本第1実施形態に係る風力発電装置10の外観図である。
図1に示す風力発電装置10は、所謂可変速風車であり、基礎12上に立設される支柱14と、支柱14の上端に設置されるナセル16と、略水平な軸線周りに回転可能にしてナセル16に設けられるロータ18とを有している。
なお、発電機34は、インバータ及びコンバータ等で構成される電力変換器を含み、電力変換器は、発電機34が出力する交流電力を電力系統の周波数に適合した交流電力に変換する。
そして、風力発電装置10は、変圧器36を介して電力系統(Grid)に電気的に接続されており、発電機34によって動力から変換された電力を電力系統へ供給する。
風車制御装置40は、発電機出力制御部42及びピッチ角制御部44を備えている。
発電機34は、出力指令値Pdemを受信すると、該出力指令値Pdemに基づいて、出力を変化させる。
ピッチアクチュエータは、ピッチ角指令値θを受信すると、該ピッチ角指令値θに基づいて、翼20のピッチ角を変化させる。
そして、従来の風力発電装置では、定格出力となっている状態で、翼20が受ける風が予め定められた風速(例えば25m/s、以下、「カットアウト風速」という。)に達すると、風車制御装置40から出力=0kWとする出力指令値Pdemが出力され、図3(A)の破線に示すように発電を停止していた。
そこで、風力発電装置10の発電を停止させるカットアウト風速は、図3(B)に示すように、風によって主軸30に作用するトルクが機器(主軸30や増速機34等)に損耗を生じさせる可能性がある限界値(以下、「トルクリミット」という。)に達する大きさとされている。
すなわち、風力発電装置10は、定格風速よりも大きく、かつカットアウト風速よりも小さい風速領域において、風速の増加に対するトルクの増加を小さく(抑制)する制御を行う。なお、出力低減開始風速は、上記風速領域に含まれることとなる。
この理由は、風速は常にある程度の変動幅を有しており、例えば、風速が25m/sの場合、その変動幅は十数~二十数m/s程度であるため、トルク低減制御を行う前に、瞬間最大風速が従来のカットアウト風速を超え、主軸30に作用するトルクがトルクリミットを越えないようにするためである。
これにより、主軸30に作用するトルクが低減されると共に、発電機34に対する負荷が減少するため、ロータ18の回転数は、上昇することとなる。しかし、既にロータ18の回転数は定格回転数に達しているので、これ以上ロータ18の回転数が上昇することは好ましくない。
ピッチアクチュエータは、該ピッチ角指令値θを受信すると、ピッチ角をピッチ角指令値θに応じてフェザー側へ変化させる、すなわち、ピッチを閉じる。
このように、本第1実施形態に係る風力発電装置10は、ロータ18の回転数を定格回転数に保つので、ロータ18の慣性力を高いままに保ちトルクの増加を防ぐことができる。
以下、本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。
このトルク低減制御を行うために、発電機出力制御部42は、翼20が受ける風が従来のカットアウト風速に達すると、発電機34の出力を所定量だけ急峻に減少させるための出力指令値Pdemを発電機34へ出力する。発電機出力制御部42は、その後、徐々に出力を減少させるための出力指令値Pdemを発電機34へ出力する。
ピッチアクチュエータは、該ピッチ角指令値θを受信すると、ピッチ角をピッチ角指令値θに応じてフェザー側へ変化させる、すなわち、ピッチを閉じる。これにより、本第2実施形態に係る風力発電装置10は、ロータ18の回転数を定格回転数に保つので、ロータ18の慣性力を高いままに保ちトルクの増加を防ぐことができる。
18 ロータ
20 翼
30 主軸
40 風車制御装置
42 発電機出力制御部
44 ピッチ角制御部
Claims (8)
- 翼を有するロータが風を受けて回転し、該ロータと主軸を介して連結されている発電機が該ロータの回転により発電する風力発電装置の制御装置であって、
主軸に作用するトルクが機器に損耗を生じさせる可能性がある限界値となる第1風速よりも小さい予め定められた第2風速に達する風を前記翼が受けた場合に、前記第1風速で前記トルクが前記限界値を越えないように、前記トルクの変化を前記第2風速前後で異ならせる制御を行う出力制御手段、
を備えた風力発電装置の制御装置。 - 翼を有するロータが風を受けて回転し、該ロータと主軸を介して連結されている発電機が該ロータの回転により発電する風力発電装置の制御装置であって、
主軸に作用するトルクが機器に損耗を生じさせる可能性がある限界値となる第1風速に達する風を前記翼が受けた場合に、前記第1風速で前記トルクが前記限界値を越えないように、前記トルクの変化を前記第1風速前後で異ならせる制御を行う出力制御手段、
を備えた風力発電装置の制御装置。 - 前記出力制御手段によって前記制御が行われている場合に、前記ロータの回転数を一定に保つように前記翼のピッチ角を制御するピッチ角制御手段を備える請求項1又は請求項2記載の風力発電装置の制御装置。
- 前記出力制御手段は、前記翼が受ける風が前記第2風速に達すると、前記トルクの変化の傾きを前記第2風速に達する前に比べて小さくする請求項1記載の風力発電装置の制御装置。
- 前記出力制御手段は、前記翼が受ける風が前記第1風速に達すると、前記トルクを所定量下げ、その後、風速の増加に応じて前記トルクを増加させる請求項2記載の風力発電装置の制御装置。
- 翼を有し、風を受けて回転するロータと、
前記ロータと主軸を介して連結され、該ロータの回転により発電する発電機と、
請求項1又は請求項2記載の制御装置と、
を備えた風力発電装置。 - 翼を有するロータが風を受けて回転し、該ロータと主軸を介して連結されている発電機が該ロータの回転により発電する風力発電装置の制御方法であって、
主軸に作用するトルクが機器に損耗を生じさせる可能性がある限界値となる第1風速よりも小さい予め定められた第2風速に達する風を前記翼が受けた場合に、前記第1風速で前記トルクが前記限界値を越えないように、前記トルクの変化を前記第2風速前後で異ならせる制御を行う第1工程と、
さらに風速が上昇し、前記トルクが前記限界値となる第3風速に達すると前記発電機による発電を停止させる第2工程と、
を含む風力発電装置の制御方法。 - 翼を有するロータが風を受けて回転し、該ロータと主軸を介して連結されている発電機が該ロータの回転により発電する風力発電装置の制御方法であって、
主軸に作用するトルクが機器に損耗を生じさせる可能性がある限界値となる第1風速に達する風を前記翼が受けた場合に、前記第1風速で前記トルクが前記限界値を越えないように、前記トルクの変化を前記第1風速前後で異ならせる制御を行う第1工程と、
さらに風速が上昇し、前記トルクが前記限界値となる第3風速に達すると前記発電機による発電を停止させる第2工程と、
を含む風力発電装置の制御方法。
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EP11721219.1A EP2679811B1 (en) | 2011-02-23 | 2011-02-23 | Control device for wind turbine device, wind turbine device, and method for controlling wind turbine device |
CN201180000371.4A CN102803716B (zh) | 2011-02-23 | 2011-02-23 | 风力发电装置的控制装置、风力发电装置及风力发电装置的控制方法 |
BRPI1100052A BRPI1100052A2 (pt) | 2011-02-23 | 2011-02-23 | controlador para um gerador de turbina eólica, gerador de turbina eólica, e, método para controlar um gerador de turbina eólica. |
AU2011202420A AU2011202420A1 (en) | 2011-02-23 | 2011-02-23 | Controller for wind turbine generator, wind turbine generator, and method of controlling wind turbine generator |
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PCT/JP2011/054044 WO2012114487A1 (ja) | 2011-02-23 | 2011-02-23 | 風力発電装置の制御装置、風力発電装置、及び風力発電装置の制御方法 |
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KR20120135001A (ko) | 2012-12-12 |
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AU2011202420A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
CA2741389A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
BRPI1100052A2 (pt) | 2016-05-03 |
US20120211982A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
KR101253460B1 (ko) | 2013-04-10 |
EP2679811B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
EP2679811A1 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
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