WO2012108512A1 - Metal coating material - Google Patents
Metal coating material Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012108512A1 WO2012108512A1 PCT/JP2012/053001 JP2012053001W WO2012108512A1 WO 2012108512 A1 WO2012108512 A1 WO 2012108512A1 JP 2012053001 W JP2012053001 W JP 2012053001W WO 2012108512 A1 WO2012108512 A1 WO 2012108512A1
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- seed
- coating material
- fine particles
- metal coating
- coated
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal coating material for coating a rice seed by attaching a metal powder containing iron as a main component and containing at least granular fine particles and plate-like fine particles to rice seeds.
- Iron-coated seeds have a high specific gravity, so that the state of seeding by spot sowing is less likely to be disturbed by rainwater or incoming water, and a hard shell of iron coating is formed, which is highly resistant to bird damage. Moreover, since seeding is carried out on the soil surface, seed emergence is improved. Since the iron-coated seeds can be stored for a long period of time, the operation of coating rice seeds with iron can be carried out during the agricultural off-season or the like, and the period until sowing can be stored in an iron-coated state.
- Iron coated seeds must satisfy the following conditions. That is, the seeds sowed will come into contact with water and should not collapse in an environment where the iron coating is in contact with water. Since rice seeds are sown using a machine such as a sowing machine, they must have strength characteristics that do not collapse due to mechanical impact. After sowing, rice seeds that have become sprouting due to the influence of the accumulated temperature and moisture infiltrated from the iron coating must break the iron coating, and then the iron coating must be peeled off by the action of water in the soil. Furthermore, in order to prevent damage to rice seeds during the coating process, it is desirable that the coating be performed easily under mild conditions and in a short time, and the pH of the coating material is also required to be close to neutral.
- Iron-coated seeds are usually coated with iron powder and calcined gypsum and sprayed with water.
- Patent Document 1 to rice seed, iron powder, and 0.5 to 2% sulfate / chloride or 0.5 to 35% calcium sulfate / hydrate thereof in a mass ratio to the iron powder, Of iron powder-coated rice seeds that are granulated by adding water, and after supplying and solidifying the iron powder by rust generated by oxidation reaction of metallic iron powder by supplying water and oxygen, and then drying The manufacturing method is described.
- iron powder reduced iron powder, atomized iron powder, iron powder produced as industrial waste from shot blasting process, etc. are disclosed, and it is described that iron powder with particularly small particle size tends to adhere to rice seeds. It is.
- sulfate / chloride is used as an oxidation accelerator in order to accelerate the oxidation reaction of iron powder.
- the oxidation reaction of iron powder proceeds if there is water and oxygen.
- iron powder and sulfate / chloride are mixed with wet rice seeds, and water is sprayed to efficiently oxidize the iron powder. When water disappears due to drying or the like, the oxidation reaction is completed.
- the coating layer produced using the oxidation reaction of iron powder adheres to the rusted iron powder on the surface of rice seeds, and this adhesive action improves coating strength, making it difficult to peel off from rice seeds as large pieces. It is supposed to be.
- rice seeds when exposed to a temperature of about 50 to 60 ° C. for about 10 minutes under high humidity conditions, they may be damaged by heat and may lack germination stability in direct sowing cultivation.
- Rice seeds coated with iron powder generate heat during the oxidation reaction, so it is necessary to avoid thermal damage to the rice seeds. If moisture remains in the iron-coated seeds, the heat generated by the oxidation reaction continues. If the iron powder oxidation reaction is not completely completed during the coating operation, for example, if the iron-coated seeds are left in bulk in a container such as a bag or a bucket, the heat generated by the oxidation reaction May accumulate and cause heat damage to rice seeds.
- each iron coated seed in order to avoid thermal damage of the seed coated with iron powder, after taking out from the granulator, each iron coated seed can be radiated efficiently, for example, without making a lump. It was necessary to dissipate heat by spreading it thinly in a box with a wide bottom. As described above, the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 requires a troublesome work for avoiding thermal damage to rice seeds, which is troublesome.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a metal coating material that can suppress heat generation due to oxidation during coating of seeds as much as possible, is excellent in workability during heat dissipation, and has excellent adhesion strength to seeds. .
- the metal coating material according to the present invention for achieving the above object is a metal coating material for coating a seed by attaching a metal powder containing iron as a main component and containing at least granular fine particles and plate-like fine particles to the seed.
- the first characteristic configuration is that the proportion of particles of 63 to 150 ⁇ m in the particle size distribution of the metal powder measured using a JIS test sieve is 23% by weight or more.
- the main component is iron means that the metal coating material contains 50% or more of metallic iron. Since the metal coating material contains iron as a main component, when the metal coating material is attached to the seed, the oxidation reaction of the iron proceeds due to moisture contained in the seed or moisture provided from the outside. Rust is generated by the oxidation reaction, and the iron powder is adhered and solidified to the rice seeds by the rust, and the seeds can be coated with the metal coating material.
- the plate-like fine particles have a flaky or flat shape
- the flat surface side of the plate-like fine particles easily adheres along the seed surface. Further, since the flat surface of the plate-like fine particles easily comes into contact with other fine particles, for example, the other fine particles are easily connected in the lateral direction and the vertical direction of the plate-like fine particles, so that the plate-like fine particles are in contact with other fine particles. It becomes easier to reliably coat the seed over the whole seed.
- the metal coating material contains granular fine particles and plate-like fine particles, and particularly when there are edge portions and uneven portions on the surface of the seed, the plate-like fine particles connect other fine particles in a bridge shape.
- the seeds can be reliably coated even on edge portions and uneven portions that are difficult to coat.
- the metal powder of the metal coating material of the present invention has a particle size distribution such that the proportion of particles of 63 to 150 ⁇ m is 23% by weight or more.
- the degree of temperature rise of the metal coating material of the present invention exhibiting such a particle size distribution is higher than the degree of temperature rise of conventional iron powder (reduced iron powder / atomized iron powder) as shown in Example 2 described later. Perceived to be suppressed.
- the temperature rise of the coated seed coated with the metal coating material on the seed is also suppressed from the temperature rise of the coated seed coated with the conventional iron powder. It is recognized. That is, if the metal coating material of the present invention is used, the degree of temperature rise when the seed is coated is suppressed, so that it is easy to prevent a thermal failure that occurs when the seed is coated.
- the degree of temperature rise during the oxidation reaction of the metal coating material of the present invention is suppressed, the work (heat radiation work) when the coated seed is radiated after coating the seed becomes easy.
- the work heat radiation work
- the coated seed is coated with the metal coating material of the present invention, the degree of temperature rise can be suppressed. Therefore, even if there is a certain amount of deposition thickness, it is difficult to raise the temperature to a temperature at which the seed will be damaged by heat. Therefore, it is not necessary to widen the coating seeds so that the thickness of the coating seeds deposited does not increase during the heat radiation operation, so that the workability during heat radiation is excellent. In addition, the space required for the heat radiation work can be reduced.
- the particulate fine particles and the plate-like fine particles are provided, the rapid temperature rise can be suppressed, which is excellent in safety, and further, compared with the case where the metal powder is composed only of the plate-like fine particles.
- Metal coating material with excellent cost performance.
- the coating strength of the metal coating material of the present invention is equivalent to that of conventional iron powder. Therefore, if it is the metal coating material of this invention, it will become the thing which was excellent in the adhesion strength with respect to a seed like the conventional iron powder.
- the second characteristic configuration of the metal coating material according to the present invention is that the mixing ratio of the particulate fine particles and the plate-like fine particles is 8: 2 to 2: 8.
- the mixing ratio of the granular fine particles and the plate-like fine particles is set to 8: 2 to 2: 8, it is recognized that the degree of temperature rise is suppressed as compared with the conventional iron powder. It is done. Therefore, for example, the metal coating material of the present invention can be easily produced by mixing the particulate fine particles and the plate-like fine particles, which are produced differently, in a ratio of 8: 2 to 2: 8.
- the third characteristic configuration of the metal coating material according to the present invention is that the mixing ratio of the particulate fine particles and the plate-like fine particles is 8: 2 to 7: 3.
- the coating strength of the metal coating material of the present invention is equivalent to that of conventional iron powder when the mixing ratio of granular fine particles and plate-like fine particles is set to 8: 2 to 7: 3. It is recognized that Therefore, the metal coating material of this configuration has particularly excellent adhesion strength to seeds.
- the fourth characteristic configuration of the metal coating material according to the present invention is that the content of metal iron is 50% by weight or more.
- the metal coating material contains 50% by weight or more of metal iron, so that the oxidation reaction of the metal iron can proceed reliably in the presence of water to adhere the metal coating material to the whole seed. Sufficient rust can be generated.
- the fifth characteristic configuration of the metal coating material according to the present invention is that the thickness of the plate-like fine particles is 30 ⁇ m or less, and the ratio between the major axis and the thickness is 1.5-20.
- the thickness of the plate-like fine particles is 30 ⁇ m or less and the aspect ratio is 1.5 or more, it can be clearly identified as fine particles having a plate-like shape.
- the greater the aspect ratio the greater the degree of plate shape (flatness). If the aspect ratio is up to about 20, it becomes easy to handle plate-like fine particles having excellent impact resistance.
- the sixth characteristic configuration of the metal coating material according to the present invention is that the seed is rice seed.
- Rice seeds coated with the metal coating material of the present invention can be used for direct sowing cultivation. Since the direct sowing cultivation is a cultivation method that saves seedling and rice planting work, it is possible to reduce labor, reduce use materials, and reduce costs by coating the rice seed with the metal coating material.
- the metal coating material 10 of the present invention is made of iron as a main component, and a metal powder 11 containing at least granular fine particles 11 ⁇ / b> A and plate-like fine particles 11 ⁇ / b> B is attached to the seeds 20. It is to be coated.
- the proportion of particles of 63 to 150 ⁇ m in the particle size distribution of the metal powder 11 measured using a JIS test sieve is 23% by weight or more.
- the seed 20 is a plant seed such as rice seed or wheat seed.
- rice seed varieties japonica and indica can be used.
- the coated seed X in which the seed 20 is coated with a metal coating has a high specific gravity and sinks in the water, so that it is difficult to flow by water after sowing, and a hard shell of the metal coating is formed, so that it has characteristics that are resistant to bird damage. Have.
- the metal coating material of the present invention can be applied to any seed.
- this embodiment demonstrates the case where a rice seed is used.
- the seed 20 coated with the metal coating material 10 can be used for direct sowing cultivation.
- the time for coating the metal coating material 10 on the seed 20 is not particularly limited as long as it is before sowing such as direct sowing, such as the agricultural free season.
- the metal coating material 10 is configured to contain iron as a main component.
- “mainly composed of iron” means that the metal coating material 10 contains 50% or more, preferably 70% by weight or more of metallic iron. As described above, when the metal coating material 10 contains iron as a main component, the iron oxidation reaction can be reliably advanced in the presence of water.
- Iron is good in the form of iron powder.
- the iron powder only needs to contain powdered iron (Fe), for example, metallic iron (pure iron powder), reduced iron powder, atomized iron powder, electrolytic iron powder, and industrial waste.
- the iron powder produced can be used.
- the metal coating material 10 contains iron as a main component, an alloy, other metal particles, and metal oxide particles may be contained.
- the metal coating material 10 may contain, for example, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, silicon dioxide and the like in addition to the metal.
- the metal coating material 10 contains at least granular fine particles 11 ⁇ / b> A and plate-like fine particles 11 ⁇ / b> B as the metal powder 11.
- the metal coating material 10 may include, for example, rod-shaped fine particles as other fine particles 12 having a shape other than a granular or plate shape.
- the “granular fine particles 11A” are fine particles having a spherical appearance and an irregular granular shape similar to the spherical appearance.
- the “plate-like fine particles 11B” are fine particles having an indefinite shape and a flat shape.
- the flat surface side of the plate-like fine particles 11B easily adheres along the seed surface.
- other fine particles easily come into contact with the flat surface of the plate-like fine particles 11B. Therefore, for example, other fine particles are connected in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the plate-like fine particles 11B, and the plate-like fine particles 11B serve as a bridge with other fine particles.
- the metal coating material 10 contains the particulate fine particles 11A and the plate-like fine particles 11B, so that the plate-like fine particles 11B are in a bridge shape with respect to the edge portions and the uneven portions present on the surface of the seed 20 in particular. Of fine particles.
- an aspect ratio (particle diameter / particle thickness) calculated from the ratio of the particle diameter (major axis) and the particle thickness is used as an index representing the degree of fine plate shape (flatness).
- the plate-like fine particles 11B used in the metal coating material 10 of the present invention have, for example, a thickness of 30 ⁇ m or less, preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and an aspect ratio calculated from the major axis and thickness of 1.5 or more. do it. If the thickness of the plate-like fine particle 11B is 30 ⁇ m or less, preferably 20 ⁇ m or less and the aspect ratio is 1.5 or more, it can be clearly identified as a fine particle having a plate-like shape. When the aspect ratio is up to about 20, preferably up to 10, the plate-like fine particles 11B having excellent impact resistance are obtained.
- the aspect ratio for example, a photograph of the shape of the manufactured plate-like fine particle 11B sample was taken with a scanning electron microscope, and particles with different thickness levels (thick, middle, thin) were randomly extracted and photographed. From the photograph, the particle diameter (major diameter) and the particle thickness are measured and calculated.
- the metal powder 11 can be manufactured as a raw material from mill scale, which is a layer of iron oxide formed on the surface of the steel material in the process of manufacturing the steel material, or iron ore. Reduced iron obtained by reducing such raw materials with coke (sintered into lumps) is crushed and pulverized by various pulverizers such as impact type, grinding type and shear type, The particulate fine particles 11A are obtained by classification. Using the particulate fine particles 11A as a raw material, for example, a plate is formed by a vibration mill. The vibration mill is loaded with media together with the particulate fine particles 11A to give vibration. As the medium, it is preferable to use a metal medium having excellent wear resistance such as a steel ball, but is not limited thereto.
- the particulate fine particles 11A can be formed into a plate shape by applying an impact force to the particulate fine particles 11A by the media and the wall surface of the mill container.
- the plate-forming conditions may be, for example, an occupation ratio of 40 to 95%, an amplitude of 3 to 10 mm, a vibration frequency of 10 to 30 Hz, and a residence time of 75 to 150 minutes.
- the fine particles 11B are obtained by classification by a method such as vibration sieve and air flow dispersion.
- the plate-like fine particles 11B are produced from the granular fine particles 11A.
- the manufacturing cost of the metal coating material 10 can be suppressed as the proportion of the plate-like fine particles 11B contained in the metal coating material 10 of the present invention is smaller.
- the metal powder 11 used in the metal coating material 10 of the present invention has a particle size distribution such that the proportion of particles of 63 to 150 ⁇ m is 23% by weight or more.
- the particle size distribution is measured using a JIS test sieve (JIS Z8801-1).
- the metal powder 11 has a ratio of 75 to 150 ⁇ m particles of 9.5% by weight or more.
- the mixing ratio of the granular fine particles 11A and the plate-like fine particles 11B is 8: 2 to 2: 8, and preferably the mixing ratio of the granular fine particles 11A and the plate-like fine particles 11B is 8: 2 to 7: 3, the seed 20 is coated. The degree of temperature rise is suppressed, and the adhesion strength to the seed is excellent.
- the metal coating material 10 of the present invention is coated on seeds as follows, for example.
- the seed is preferably pretreated by immersing it in water before coating.
- the metal coating material 10 about 0.5 times the weight of the seed and about 5 to 10% calcined gypsum (oxidation accelerator: calcium sulfate CaSO4) of the metal coating material 10 are mixed with the seeds.
- the ratio of the metal coating material 10 and calcined gypsum is not restricted to this, It is good to change suitably.
- potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and the like may be used instead of calcined gypsum used as an oxidation accelerator.
- the metal coating material 10 contains iron
- water is supplied by spraying or the like when the metal coating material 10 is brought into contact with the seed 20
- the oxidation reaction of the iron proceeds.
- the iron powder is adhered and solidified to the seed 20 by the rust generated by the oxidation reaction to form the coating layer 13, and the seed 20 can be coated with the metal coating material 10.
- the granulated coated seed X is taken out, and an oxidation reaction is allowed to proceed at room temperature, for example, so as not to hinder heat dissipation of the coated seed.
- the coated seed X coated with the metal coating material 10 of the present invention is suppressed in temperature rise so that it is difficult to raise the temperature to a temperature at which the seed 20 is damaged even if there is a certain accumulation thickness. Therefore, it is not necessary to spread the coating seed X so that the deposition thickness of the coating seed X during the heat radiation operation does not increase.
- the deposition thickness of the coating seed X can be appropriately selected depending on the amount of the coating seed X, the season, and the outside air temperature. Since the metal coating material 10 of the present invention can suppress the degree of temperature rise during the oxidation reaction, it may have a certain thickness (for example, about 2 cm). When the moisture of the coated seed X is lost, the oxidation reaction is completed, and the coated seed X coated with the metal coating material 10 of the present invention can be manufactured.
- Example 1 A metal coating material 10 of the present invention was produced.
- granular fine particles 11A were produced using iron ore as a raw material.
- An appropriate amount of reduced iron ingot obtained by reducing mill scale or iron ore was put into a hammer mill which is an impact-type and shear-type pulverizer, and pulverized under predetermined conditions.
- Granular fine particles 11A were obtained by classification using a vibrating sieve (a sieve mesh opening of 109 ⁇ m).
- the granular fine particles 11A are put into a continuous vibration ball mill (CH-35: manufactured by Chuo Kako Co., Ltd.) together with steel balls (1/2 inch), and the occupation ratio is 70%, the amplitude is 6 mm, the vibration frequency is 20 Hz, and the residence time is 120 minutes.
- the plate-like treatment was performed under the conditions described above. Classification was performed using a vibration sieve (a sieve mesh opening of 109 ⁇ m) to obtain plate-like fine particles 11B.
- Table 1 also shows the particle size distribution of only the granular fine particles 11A (Comparative Example 1), only the plate-like fine particles 11B (Comparative Example 2), and Comparative Example 3 (current standard iron powder DSP317, manufactured by DOWA IP Creation Co., Ltd.). It was. In the particle size distribution shown in Table 1, particles having excessively large particle sizes are excluded.
- FIG. 1 shows electron micrographs of Invention Example 3 (FIG. 1B) and Invention Example 8 (FIG. 1C).
- the particle size distribution of Invention Examples 1 to 10 is Less than 45 ⁇ m: 36.8 to 46.7% by weight, 45 to less than 63 ⁇ m: 30.0 to 33.1% by weight, 63 to less than 75 ⁇ m: 12.7 to 18.5% by weight, 75 to less than 106 ⁇ m: 9.2 to 12.7% by weight, 106 to less than 150 ⁇ m: 0.2 to 0.7% by weight, and particles of 150 ⁇ m or more were not contained.
- Table 2 shows the ratios of particles having a particle size distribution of 63 to 150 ⁇ m and 75 to 150 ⁇ m for Invention Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- the ratio of the particles of less than 63 to 150 ⁇ m in the particle size distribution of the metal powder 11 contained in the metal coating material 10 of the present invention is 23.3 to 31.7 (about 23 to 32) wt%, and 150 ⁇ m. Considering that the above particles are not contained, this is a ratio of particles of 63 ⁇ m or more.
- the ratio of particles having a particle size distribution of 75 to less than 150 ⁇ m (ratio of particles having a particle size of 75 ⁇ m or more) in the particle size distribution of the metal powder 11 was 9.5 to 13.2% by weight.
- the aspect ratio (particle diameter / particle thickness) of the plate-like fine particles 11B was determined and shown in Table 3. The calculated distribution of aspect ratio is shown in FIG.
- the selected 31 particles had a particle size of 15 to 115 ⁇ m, a particle thickness of 2 to 20 ⁇ m, and a calculated aspect ratio in the range of 1.5 to 38.3.
- Table 4 shows the compositions (% by weight) of the three types of metal coating materials 10 among the examples of the present invention.
- Example 2 To what extent the metal coating material 10 of the present invention generates heat by an oxidation reaction was examined. 3% of each sample of 20% of Invention Example 3-1 (80:20), Invention Example 7 (60:40), Invention Example 9 (40:60), Invention Example 10 (20:80) 2 mL of saline was added, and after 30 seconds of stirring, the sample was transferred to a 30 mL paper cup, and the temperature of the sample was measured with a thermocouple (room temperature, described up to 23 minutes). For Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the temperature was measured under the same conditions. The results are shown in FIG.
- the particle size distribution of Comparative Examples 4 to 6 is Less than 45 ⁇ m: 18.8-31.9% by weight, 45 to less than 63 ⁇ m: 13.5 to 16.7% by weight, 63 to less than 75 ⁇ m: 10.1 to 15.8% by weight, 75 to less than 106 ⁇ m: 19.2 to 34.1% by weight, 106 to less than 150 ⁇ m: 11.7 to 22.7% by weight, 150 ⁇ m or more: 0.8 to 11.5% by weight.
- Table 6 shows the ratio of particles of 63 ⁇ m or more and the ratio of particles of 75 ⁇ m or more.
- the ratio of the particles of 63 ⁇ m or more was 53.6 to 67.7% by weight, and the ratio of the particles of 75 ⁇ m or more was 42.4 to 57.6% by weight. . That is, the samples of Comparative Examples 4 to 6 have a ratio of particles of 63 ⁇ m or more (23.3 to 31.7% by weight) in Examples 1 to 10 of the present invention and a ratio of particles of 75 ⁇ m or more (about 9.5 to 13.2% by weight).
- Comparative Examples 3, 4, 5, and 6 had reached 50 ° C. or more by 100 minutes.
- Example 3-1 of the invention, Example 8 of the invention, and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 did not reach 40 ° C.
- Example 3 Rice seeds (Koshihikari: Japonica seeds) were coated with the metal coating material 10 of the present invention by the following method. Rice seeds soaked in water; 2 kg, metal coating material 10 of the invention example 3-1 (80:20); 1 kg, calcined gypsum; 0.1 kg is put into a coating machine (KC-151: Keibunsha Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) These were mixed while spraying an appropriate amount of water. After mixing for 13 minutes at room temperature, 0.05 kg of finished calcined gypsum was added, and these were mixed for 2 minutes while spraying an appropriate amount of water. A total of 0.4 kg of water was used.
- KC-151 Keibunsha Seisakusho Co., Ltd.
- the granulated coated seed X was taken out from the coating machine, spread so as to have a thickness of about 2 cm, and the oxidation reaction proceeded at room temperature.
- the coated seed X was allowed to stand until it reached room temperature, and then the coated seed X produced in a predetermined container was stored.
- Example 3-1 80:20
- Comparative Example 3 DSP 317
- the temperature of heat generated by the oxidation reaction was measured (FIGS. 5 and 6). . The measurement was started when it was removed from the coating machine.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of measuring the temperature of the coated seed X of the present invention and the conventional coated seed by depositing the coated seed in a plastic container (height 13 ⁇ 6.75 ⁇ 13 cm: 1140 mL) to a thickness of 50 mm. (Room temperature).
- FIG. 6 shows the results of measuring the temperature of the coated seed X of the present invention deposited on a seedling box (height 28 ⁇ 58 ⁇ 3 cm: 4827 mL) at a thickness of 30 mm (outside air temperature 6-7 ° C.). ).
- FIG. 5 shows that a temperature peak (about 92 ° C.) was observed at about 6 hours (about 350 minutes) in the conventional coated seeds.
- the coated seed X of the present invention no high temperature peak as observed in the conventional coated seed was observed by 6 hours, and the temperature could be suppressed to about 37 ° C.
- the time required to raise the temperature to 37 ° C. was about 4 hours. That is, the time required to reach the predetermined temperature in the coated seed X of the present invention was 1.5 times that of the conventional coated seed.
- the high temperature peak observed in FIG. 5 was not observed, but since the tendency of the temperature to rise can be read from the graph of FIG. 6, a temperature peak is expected to appear after 400 minutes. It was.
- the coated seed X of the present invention is also considered to gradually increase in temperature in a state in which the temperature rise is suppressed as compared with the conventional coated seed, but does not increase to a high temperature as observed in the conventional coated seed. Therefore, there is no risk of causing heat damage to rice seeds.
- the time when the temperature peak appears varies depending on the seed deposition thickness and the outside air temperature, the time for releasing heat after coating may be appropriately determined according to the amount of seed to be processed and the season.
- Example 4 With respect to the coated seed X produced in Example 3, the coating strength of the metal coating material 10 of the present invention (Invention Examples 1 to 6) was evaluated (disintegration test).
- the coated seed X whose weight was measured, was placed on a test sieve (diameter 200 mm, sieve mesh opening 1 mm). In this state, the coated seed X cannot pass through the mesh of the test sieve.
- the test sieve on which the coated seed X was placed was vibrated for 10 minutes with a known low-tap shaker which is a particle size distribution measuring device.
- the weight of the coated seed X after vibration was measured, the weight of the coated seed X before and after vibration was compared, and the residual ratio (%) of the metal coating material 10 on the surface of the rice seed was calculated (Table 7, FIG. 7).
- the conventional coated seeds coated in Comparative Examples 1 and 3 were similarly subjected to a disintegration test, and the results were shown.
- the residual ratio of the metal coating material 10 of Invention Examples 3 to 5 (mixing ratio of granular fine particles and plate-like fine particles of 8: 2 to 7: 3) is 98.8% or more, and Comparative Example 3 (DSP317) The residual ratio was almost the same as).
- Example 4 of the present invention had the same residual rate as Comparative Example 3 (DSP 317), and was the most excellent in strength among the examples of the metal coating material 10 of the present invention.
- the metal coating material 10 of the present invention has practical strength even when the seed 20 is coated.
- the metal coating material of the present invention can be used for coating seeds.
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Abstract
Description
例えば特許文献1には、イネ種子に、鉄粉と、鉄粉に対する質量比で0.5~2%の硫酸塩・塩化物または0.5~35%の硫酸カルシウム・その水和物と、水と、を添加して造粒し、水と酸素を供給して金属鉄粉の酸化反応によって生成した錆により鉄粉をイネ種子に付着・固化させた後、乾燥させる鉄粉被覆イネ種子の製造法が記載してある。 Iron-coated seeds are usually coated with iron powder and calcined gypsum and sprayed with water.
For example, in Patent Document 1, to rice seed, iron powder, and 0.5 to 2% sulfate / chloride or 0.5 to 35% calcium sulfate / hydrate thereof in a mass ratio to the iron powder, Of iron powder-coated rice seeds that are granulated by adding water, and after supplying and solidifying the iron powder by rust generated by oxidation reaction of metallic iron powder by supplying water and oxygen, and then drying The manufacturing method is described.
本構成のように金属コーティング材が金属鉄を50重量%以上含有することで、水の存在下で金属鉄の酸化反応を確実に進行させて、金属コーティング材を種子の全体に付着させるのに十分な錆を生成することができる。 When the seed is covered with a metal coating material, iron powder is attached to the seed by rust generated by oxidation of iron.
As in this configuration, the metal coating material contains 50% by weight or more of metal iron, so that the oxidation reaction of the metal iron can proceed reliably in the presence of water to adhere the metal coating material to the whole seed. Sufficient rust can be generated.
図1に示したように、本発明の金属コーティング材10は、鉄を主成分とし、少なくとも粒状微粒子11Aおよび板状微粒子11Bを含有する金属粉体11を種子20に付着させて当該種子20をコーティングするものである。特に本発明の金属コーティング材10は、JIS試験用篩を用いて測定した金属粉体11の粒度分布における63~150μmの粒子の割合が23重量%以上となっている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the
この粒状微粒子11Aを原料として、例えば振動ミルで板状化する。当該振動ミルには粒状微粒子11Aと共にメディアを投入し、振動を与える。メディアは、例えばスチールボールなどの耐摩耗性に優れた金属メディアを使用するのがよいが、これらに限るものではない。当該メディアおよびミル容器の壁面などによって粒状微粒子11Aに衝撃力が付与されることで粒状微粒子11Aを板状化することができる。
板状化の条件は、例えば占有率40~95%、振幅3~10mm、振動数10~30Hz、滞留時間75~150分、とすればよい。振動ミルでの処理を行ったのち、振動篩・気流分散などの手法によって分級して板状微粒子11Bが得られる。 The
Using the particulate
The plate-forming conditions may be, for example, an occupation ratio of 40 to 95%, an amplitude of 3 to 10 mm, a vibration frequency of 10 to 30 Hz, and a residence time of 75 to 150 minutes. After the treatment with the vibration mill, the
種子はコーティング前に予め水に浸漬する前処理を行なうとよい。この種子に、当該種子の重量に対して0.5倍程度の金属コーティング材10、および、金属コーティング材10の5~10%程度の焼石膏(酸化促進剤:硫酸カルシウムCaSO4)を混合する。
金属コーティング材10および焼石膏の比率は、これに限られるものではなく適宜変更するとよい。また、酸化促進剤として使用する焼石膏に替えて、硫酸カリウム・硫酸マグネシウム・塩化カリウム・塩化カルシウム・塩化マグネシウムなどを使用してもよい。 The
The seed is preferably pretreated by immersing it in water before coating. The
The ratio of the
金属コーティング材10が鉄を含有することで、当該金属コーティング材10を種子20に接触させたときに水が噴霧などによって供給されると当該鉄の酸化反応が進行する。酸化反応によって生成した錆により鉄粉を種子20に付着・固化させてコーティング層13を形成し、当該種子20を金属コーティング材10によってコーティングすることができる。 These are mixed with stirring in a granulator, and water is sprayed as appropriate to promote the oxidation reaction. If necessary, a finished calcined gypsum may be added about 5% of the
When the
コーティング種子Xの水分が無くなれば酸化反応は完了し、本発明の金属コーティング材10によってコーティングを施したコーティング種子Xを製造することができる。 The deposition thickness of the coating seed X can be appropriately selected depending on the amount of the coating seed X, the season, and the outside air temperature. Since the
When the moisture of the coated seed X is lost, the oxidation reaction is completed, and the coated seed X coated with the
本発明の金属コーティング材10を作製した。
まず、鉄鉱石を原料として粒状微粒子11Aを作製した。ミルスケール或いは鉄鉱石を還元して得られた還元鉄塊の適量を、衝撃式・剪断式粉砕機であるハンマーミルに投入し、所定の条件で粉砕した。振動篩(篩網目開き109μm)を使用して分級することにより粒状微粒子11Aを得た。 [Example 1]
A
First, granular
表1には、粒状微粒子11Aのみ(比較例1)、板状微粒子11Bのみ(比較例2)、および、比較例3(現行標準鉄粉DSP317、DOWA IPクリエイション株式会社製)の粒度分布も示した。尚、表1に示す粒度分布では、粒度の大きすぎる粒子は除外してある。図1に、本発明例3(図1(b))および本発明例8(図1(c))の電子顕微鏡写真図を示した。 Various mixing ratios (granular fine particles: plate-like fine particles) of the granular
Table 1 also shows the particle size distribution of only the granular
45μm未満:36.8~46.7重量%、
45~63μm未満:30.0~33.1重量%、
63~75μm未満:12.7~18.5重量%、
75~106μm未満:9.2~12.7重量%、
106~150μm未満:0.2~0.7重量%、であり、150μm以上の粒子は含有されていなかった。 From Table 1, the particle size distribution of Invention Examples 1 to 10 is
Less than 45 μm: 36.8 to 46.7% by weight,
45 to less than 63 μm: 30.0 to 33.1% by weight,
63 to less than 75 μm: 12.7 to 18.5% by weight,
75 to less than 106 μm: 9.2 to 12.7% by weight,
106 to less than 150 μm: 0.2 to 0.7% by weight, and particles of 150 μm or more were not contained.
本発明の金属コーティング材10が、酸化反応によってどの程度まで発熱するかを調べた。
本発明例3-1(80:20)、本発明例7(60:40)、本発明例9(40:60)、本発明例10(20:80)の各試料20gに、3%の食塩水2mLを加え、30秒の攪拌後に30mLの紙コップに移し、熱電対によって試料の温度を測定した(室温、23分まで記載)。比較例1~3についても同様の条件で温度を測定した。結果を図3に示した。 [Example 2]
To what extent the
3% of each sample of 20% of Invention Example 3-1 (80:20), Invention Example 7 (60:40), Invention Example 9 (40:60), Invention Example 10 (20:80) 2 mL of saline was added, and after 30 seconds of stirring, the sample was transferred to a 30 mL paper cup, and the temperature of the sample was measured with a thermocouple (room temperature, described up to 23 minutes). For Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the temperature was measured under the same conditions. The results are shown in FIG.
尚、比較例4~6については、表5に粒度分布を示した。 Temperature measurement was performed over 3 hours under the same conditions. Samples used were Inventive Example 3-1, Inventive Example 8, Comparative Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Example 4 (reduced iron powder DNC for metallurgy, manufactured by DOWA IP Creation Co., Ltd.), Comparative Example 5 (atomized iron for metallurgy) Powder Atmel 270M series, manufactured by Kobe Steel, Ltd.) and Comparative Example 6 (reduced iron powder for metallurgy, JFE Steel Corporation). The results are shown in FIG.
For Comparative Examples 4 to 6, Table 5 shows the particle size distribution.
45μm未満:18.8~31.9重量%、
45~63μm未満:13.5~16.7重量%、
63~75μm未満:10.1~15.8重量%、
75~106μm未満:19.2~34.1重量%、
106~150μm未満:11.7~22.7重量%、
150μm以上:0.8~11.5重量%であった。 From Table 5, the particle size distribution of Comparative Examples 4 to 6 is
Less than 45 μm: 18.8-31.9% by weight,
45 to less than 63 μm: 13.5 to 16.7% by weight,
63 to less than 75 μm: 10.1 to 15.8% by weight,
75 to less than 106 μm: 19.2 to 34.1% by weight,
106 to less than 150 μm: 11.7 to 22.7% by weight,
150 μm or more: 0.8 to 11.5% by weight.
一方、本発明例3-1、本発明例8の金属コーティング材10を種子にコーティングした場合は、酸化反応時の発熱によっては種子に対して熱障害を引き起こす虞は殆どないと考えられた。 From this result, when the iron powders of Comparative Examples 3, 4, 5, and 6 are coated on the seed, the temperature is raised to a temperature at which there is a risk of causing heat damage to the rice seed due to heat generation during the oxidation reaction. Therefore, when rice seeds are coated with the iron powders of Comparative Examples 3, 4, 5, and 6, it is necessary to be careful not to deposit the coated seeds thickly during heat dissipation in order to avoid thermal damage to the rice seeds.
On the other hand, when the seeds were coated with the
本発明の金属コーティング材10を、以下の手法によってイネ種子(コシヒカリ:ジャポニカ種)にコーティングした。
水に浸漬したイネ種子;2kg、本発明例3-1(80:20)の金属コーティング材10;1kg、焼石膏;0.1kgをコーティングマシン(KC-151:株式会社啓文社製作所)に投入し、適量の水を噴霧しながらこれらを混合した。室温で13分の混合を行なった後、仕上げの焼石膏0.05kgを添加し、適量の水を噴霧しながらこれらを2分混合した。水はトータルで0.4kg使用した。
造粒したコーティング種子Xをコーティングマシンより取り出し、厚さ2cm程度となるように広げて室温にて酸化反応を進行させた。コーティング種子Xが室温になるまで放置し、その後、所定の容器に作製したコーティング種子Xを保存した。 Example 3
Rice seeds (Koshihikari: Japonica seeds) were coated with the
Rice seeds soaked in water; 2 kg,
The granulated coated seed X was taken out from the coating machine, spread so as to have a thickness of about 2 cm, and the oxidation reaction proceeded at room temperature. The coated seed X was allowed to stand until it reached room temperature, and then the coated seed X produced in a predetermined container was stored.
このように、温度のピークが出る時間は、種子の堆積厚さや外気温によって異なるため、コーティング後に放熱させる時間は処理する種子の量や季節に応じて適宜決定するとよい。 In the conventional coated seeds, the high temperature peak observed in FIG. 5 was not observed, but since the tendency of the temperature to rise can be read from the graph of FIG. 6, a temperature peak is expected to appear after 400 minutes. It was. The coated seed X of the present invention is also considered to gradually increase in temperature in a state in which the temperature rise is suppressed as compared with the conventional coated seed, but does not increase to a high temperature as observed in the conventional coated seed. Therefore, there is no risk of causing heat damage to rice seeds.
Thus, since the time when the temperature peak appears varies depending on the seed deposition thickness and the outside air temperature, the time for releasing heat after coating may be appropriately determined according to the amount of seed to be processed and the season.
実施例3で作製したコーティング種子Xにおいて、本発明の金属コーティング材10(本発明例1~6)のコーティング強度を評価した(崩壊試験)。
重量を測定したコーティング種子Xを、試験用篩(直径200mm、篩網目開き1mm)の上に載置した。この状態ではコーティング種子Xは、試験用篩のメッシュを通過できない。
コーティング種子Xを載置した試験用篩を粒度分布測定装置である公知のロータップシェーカーにて10分間振動させた。振動後のコーティング種子Xの重量を測定し、振動前後のコーティング種子Xの重量を比較し、イネ種子の表面における金属コーティング材10の残留率(%)を算出した(表7、図7)。比較例1,3でコーティングした従来コーティング種子についても同様に崩壊試験を行ない、その結果を示した。 Example 4
With respect to the coated seed X produced in Example 3, the coating strength of the
The coated seed X, whose weight was measured, was placed on a test sieve (
The test sieve on which the coated seed X was placed was vibrated for 10 minutes with a known low-tap shaker which is a particle size distribution measuring device. The weight of the coated seed X after vibration was measured, the weight of the coated seed X before and after vibration was compared, and the residual ratio (%) of the
11 金属粉体
11A 粒状微粒子
11B 板状微粒子
12 その他の微粒子
20 種子 DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (6)
- 鉄を主成分とし、少なくとも粒状微粒子および板状微粒子を含有する金属粉体を種子に付着させて当該種子をコーティングする金属コーティング材であって、
JIS試験用篩を用いて測定した前記金属粉体の粒度分布における63~150μmの粒子の割合が23重量%以上である金属コーティング材。 A metal coating material that has iron as a main component and coats the seed by attaching a metal powder containing at least granular fine particles and plate-like fine particles to the seed,
A metal coating material in which the proportion of particles of 63 to 150 μm in the particle size distribution of the metal powder measured using a JIS test sieve is 23% by weight or more. - 前記粒状微粒子および前記板状微粒子の混合比率が8:2~2:8である請求項1に記載の金属コーティング材。 The metal coating material according to claim 1, wherein a mixing ratio of the particulate fine particles and the plate-like fine particles is 8: 2 to 2: 8.
- 前記粒状微粒子および前記板状微粒子の混合比率が8:2~7:3である請求項1または2に記載の金属コーティング材。 The metal coating material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mixing ratio of the particulate fine particles and the plate-like fine particles is 8: 2 to 7: 3.
- 金属鉄の含有量が50重量%以上である請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の金属コーティング材。 The metal coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the content of metallic iron is 50% by weight or more.
- 前記板状微粒子における厚みが30μm以下であり、さらにその長径および厚みの比が1.5~20である請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の金属コーティング材。 The metal coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the plate-like fine particles is 30 µm or less, and the ratio of the major axis to the thickness is 1.5 to 20.
- 前記種子がイネ種子である請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の金属コーティング材。 The metal coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the seed is a rice seed.
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JP2013046604A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2013-03-07 | Jfe Steel Corp | Iron powder for coating seeds and iron-powder-coated seeds |
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