WO2012108195A1 - 遺伝子導入用ウイルスベクターの製造方法 - Google Patents
遺伝子導入用ウイルスベクターの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a viral vector for gene transfer.
- human parainfluenza type 2 virus hPIV2
- hPIV2 human parainfluenza type 2 virus
- the viral vector has the ability to infect human cells and that it does not produce a spread virus in the human body after infection (denoted as a non-proliferative vector).
- a cell / tissue is infected only once, but a system that does not produce a transmitted virus in the infected cell / tissue and does not cause multiple infections is required.
- a part of the gene on the viral genome is deleted, a cell expressing the defective gene product is constructed, and the defective gene product is supplied to the defective virus in trans in the cell,
- a system for producing a non-propagating vector is usually employed.
- the system is introduced into adenoviruses (for example, WO94 / 28152) for DNA viruses and retroviruses (for example, WO2006 / 084746) for RNA viruses.
- a Sendai virus vector lacking the F gene has been proposed for the Paramyxoviridae virus to which the human parainfluenza type 2 virus belongs (WO2000 / 070070).
- tuberculosis-causing prevention vaccine using a non-proliferative genetically recombinant vector of human pareline fenza type 2 virus incorporating an ⁇ antigen (Ag85B) gene derived from a typical acid-fast bacterium Mycobacterium kansasii or Mycobacterium bovis BCG It has been reported that a strong growth inhibitory effect was observed (PCT / JP2010 / 069435).
- the F gene-deficient human parainfluenza type 2 virus alone is a human that is required when a virus nucleocapsid is introduced into a host by fusing a virus envelope and a cell membrane in the replication / transcription process of the virus after entering the host cell. Since there is no Fusion protein of parainfluenza type 2 virus (hereinafter referred to as “F protein”), it is not possible to construct virus particles having the ability to grow independently.
- F protein Fusion protein of parainfluenza type 2 virus
- a cell that expresses the F protein of the virus is constructed, By culturing the defective virus in the cells, virus particles having infectivity are constructed by retaining the F protein on the virus envelope in the presence of the F protein supplied to the trans from the cell.
- the genome of human parainfluenza type 2 virus particles recovered from the culture supernatant prepared by the propagation system lacks the F gene.
- a cell line capable of expressing a gene encoding a membrane protein or the like that is deficient in a virus and allowing the deficient virus vector to be propagated is required to be a cell line that can always stably express the protein. Furthermore, there is a need for host cell systems that have robustness that does not change properties when passaged.
- the present invention provides a cell line capable of always stably expressing the F protein of the human pareline fenza type 2 virus as a cell for proliferating a virus lacking the F gene of the human parein fenza type 2 virus, and so on. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an F gene-deficient human pareline fenza type 2 viral vector using various cells.
- Vero cells have excellent properties as packaging cells capable of producing virus particles by infecting human pareline fenza type 2 virus F gene-deficient virus.
- Vero cells are particularly highly tolerant to human pareline fenza type 2 virus F protein, have no interferon expression, and are stable even when the F gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus is always expressed. It has been found that they can proliferate and can produce virus particles efficiently.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a non-proliferating human parainfluenza 2 virus vector.
- This method co-cultures a human parainfluenza type 2 virus deficient in the F gene with Vero cells having a mode in which the F gene of the human parainfluenza type 2 virus is non-inducibly expressed, and from the culture supernatant Each step of isolating the particles.
- a vaccine or therapeutic gene is incorporated into the gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus lacking the F gene.
- the present invention provides a Vero cell having a non-inducible expression of the F gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus.
- a non-proliferating human parainfluenza type 2 virus vector can be stably and efficiently produced.
- FIG. 1 shows the particle structure and genome of human parainfluenza type 2 virus.
- FIG. 2 shows that F gene expression in F gene-expressing Vero cells after long-term culture (about 1 year) was confirmed by RT-PCR, and shows that F gene expression is maintained.
- FIG. 3 shows Western blotting for confirming that F protein is expressed in F gene-introduced Vero cells.
- FIG. 4 shows a part of the structure of a plasmid containing the antisense genomic cDNA of the human parainfluenza type 2 virus lacking the F gene and the GFP gene.
- FIG. 5 shows Western blotting to confirm that hPIV2 lacking the M2 gene-bearing F gene expresses the M2 protein.
- the present invention provides a method for growing a human parainfluenza type 2 virus deficient in the F gene using Vero cells having a non-inducible expression of the F gene of the human parainfluenza type 2 virus.
- the human parainfluenza type 2 virus is a virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, and its genome is a monocistronic single-stranded minus RNA of about 15,000 bases.
- FIG. 1 shows the basic particle structure of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (hPIV2).
- Nucleocapsid protein (NP) is bound to this nucleic acid to form a helically symmetric ribonucleoside protein complex (nucleocapsid, RNP).
- NP protein, P (phospho) protein and L (large) protein are necessary for the formation of RNP.
- F (fusion) protein and HN (hemagglutinin neuraminidase) protein are envelope proteins and are important for infection of cells.
- M (matrix) protein is a membrane protein that supports the envelope structure.
- human parainfluenza type 2 virus is an RNA virus that grows in the cytoplasm of infected cells, no gene is integrated into the chromosome of the host cell.
- this virus is known to infect human respiratory tract mucosa and induce mucosal immunity by inducible expression of IgA, and since there have been no serious reports on adults, It is considered to be extremely useful as a virus vector.
- human parainfluenza type 2 virus When human parainfluenza type 2 virus is modified so that it expresses NP protein, P protein and L protein and does not express F protein, it can infect a cell once, but infectivity in the cell Some virus particles cannot be produced. Therefore, it has an advantage of high safety as a viral vector for treatment / vaccine.
- the F protein-expressing Vero cell of the human parainfluenza type 2 virus of the present invention is a host cell useful for producing such virus particles deficient in the F gene by propagating such F gene-deficient virus of the virus genome. is there.
- Vero cells are cultured cells derived from the kidney epithelium of African green monkeys, and do not produce interferon, and are widely used in virus infection experiments and vaccine production throughout the world. It is. In the present invention, any of commercially available Vero cells may be used.
- the “F gene” is a gene encoding the F protein of human parainfluenza type 2 virus.
- this term refers not only to the genomic RNA of the viral gene, but also to a DNA having a corresponding sequence or a complementary sequence thereof. And RNA are used to mean both.
- Non-inducible expression means that the expression is not an inductive expression system but is expressed without any induction operation.
- the inducible expression system is a host / designed to be expressed only when an induction operation is not performed or when a suppression operation is performed, and only when an induction operation is performed or when the suppression operation is released.
- a system comprising a combination of a vector and culture conditions. Many inducible expression systems are known in the art.
- Non-inducible expression means expression without canceling the induction operation or suppression operation.
- non-inducible expression is always expressed, but if expression may be suppressed in certain phases of cell division or cell cycle, or culture conditions such as culture temperature, medium composition, and cell density In the case where the expression may be suppressed by the expression, it is also included in the “non-inducible” expression in the present invention.
- a recombinant plasmid vector having the F gene and a marker for example, drug resistance
- a marker for example, drug resistance
- the sequence of the F gene is already known, and a recombinant plasmid vector can be easily produced by incorporating the F gene into an appropriate commercially available plasmid vector.
- Transfection can be performed according to a conventional method using various commercially available transfection reagents or by electroporation.
- a transformant is identified using a marker, isolated, and expanded.
- F protein in transformed Vero cells can be achieved by immunostaining with antibodies, by examining protein level expression by Western blotting, as shown in the examples described later, or by RNA level expression by RT-PCR or the like. Can be analyzed. Alternatively, the expression of F protein may be confirmed by observing the formation of polynuclear bodies in cell fusion of infected cells. Polynuclear body formation means that F-protein and receptor-binding protein HN, which is another membrane protein of virus, are expressed together in the same cell, so that adjacent cells fuse and form a huge cell with many cell nuclei gathered. That means.
- Vero cells assumed to have been able to introduce the F gene are transfected with a plasmid containing the HN gene and polynuclear body formation is observed, it can be confirmed that the cell is functionally expressing the F gene. In this way, the desired recombinant Vero cells expressing the F gene can be cloned.
- a method for producing a non-proliferating human parainfluenza type 2 virus vector lacking the F gene comprises co-culturing a human parainfluenza type 2 virus deficient in the F gene with the Vero cells of the invention having a non-inducible expression of the F gene of the human parainfluenza type 2 virus, and the culture supernatant Each step of isolating virus particles from
- “Viral vector” means a viral particle in which a gene to be expressed in an infected cell is packaged together with a viral genome gene.
- the viral genomic gene lacking the F gene can be obtained by deleting all or part of the F gene from a plasmid containing an antisense cDNA corresponding to the entire hPIV2 genomic gene using conventional gene recombination techniques. , And can be constructed by introducing a stop codon mutation into a part of the F gene. In order to avoid that the viral vector administered to the subject regains the function of the F gene due to mutation, it is preferable to delete the entire F gene. Also preferably, the non-propagating viral vector according to the present invention is designed to include a cloning site for incorporating various therapeutic genes.
- a plasmid constructed so that the viral genome gene deficient in the F gene is expressed under the control of the T7 promoter, and the F protein and polymerase of hPIV2
- the hPIV2 polymerase unit (NP protein, P protein and L protein) is expressed in F cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase together with four types of vectors expressing the unit (NP protein, P protein and L protein), or a plasmid expressing T7 polymerase.
- Transfect Vero expressing the gene. After culturing the infected cells for 3 to 6 days, F gene-deficient virus particles can be recovered from the culture supernatant.
- the virus particle When the F gene-deficient virus particle thus obtained is infected with a Vero cell expressing the F gene of the present invention, the virus particle grows in the cell and is itself an F gene-deficient virus particle. Produces infectious virus particles with F protein on the viral envelope.
- a therapeutic / vaccine gene is incorporated into a viral vector based on a human parainfluenza type 2 virus lacking the F gene, and is obtained by the method of the present invention.
- a therapeutic gene By infecting a target cell with a viral vector, a therapeutic gene can be introduced into the target cell.
- a therapeutic gene is a gene to be expressed in an infected cell. Examples include a gene encoding a protein derived from mammals including humans or a part thereof, a gene encoding a cancer antigen or a part thereof, Examples include genes derived from bacteria and viruses, genes encoding therapeutic antibodies or parts thereof, fragments of these genes, and genes in which mutations have been introduced into these genes.
- Viral vectors containing genes derived from bacteria or viruses or fragments thereof are useful as vaccines. Incorporation of a therapeutic gene into the gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus can be performed by a conventional method using conventional recombinant DNA technology and reverse genetic technology.
- the viral vector produced according to the present invention can typically be administered as a spray to mammalian cells including humans.
- the propellant can be prepared by a conventional method.
- the culture supernatant containing the virus vector is concentrated if necessary, suspended in a buffer solution such as PBS or physiological saline together with an appropriate carrier or excipient, and then sterilized by filtration with a filter or the like as necessary. It can then be prepared by filling aseptic containers. You may add a stabilizer, a preservative, etc. to a propellant as needed.
- the expression vector thus obtained can be administered by inhalation to a subject.
- an aspect represented by the expression “comprising” is an aspect represented by the expression “essentially consistent of”. And an aspect represented by the expression “consisting of”.
- Example 1 Production of F gene-expressing Vero cells
- the F gene excised from the genomic gene of hPIV2 was introduced into a plasmid carrying the neomycin resistance gene (Neo) and carrying the avian ⁇ -actin promoter sequence and the rabbit ⁇ -globin polyA sequence.
- Plasmid pCXN2-F was constructed.
- plasmid pCAL-F constructed so that F gene can be expressed by the Cre-loxP induction system was used. These plasmids were transfected into Vero cells using amaxa nucleofector.
- Transfected cells were cultured in a medium containing neomycin (1 mg / ml) and screened for drug resistance by neomycin. Twenty strains of drug-resistant colonies were isolated from cells into which pCXN2-F had been introduced and 27 strains were isolated from cells into which pCAL-F had been introduced, and the expression of F gene was examined. At that time, when pCAL-F was used as a plasmid, Cre gene-carrying adenovirus was infected, and unnecessary gene fragments were removed with the loxP sequence to induce F gene expression.
- a plasmid SR ⁇ -HN carrying the HN gene was prepared, and the obtained neomycin-resistant Vero cells were transfected using a nucleofector. One or two days later, the formation of polynuclear bodies was observed under a microscope, and secondary selection was performed using the cells forming the polynuclear bodies as F gene-expressing cells. Of the 20 clones isolated from cells transfected with pCXN2-F, 12 clones showed multinucleating ability. *
- F gene expression was measured at the RNA level by RT-PCR.
- 12 clones showed multinucleating ability, and 9 clones were positive in RT-PCR.
- 9 clones showed multinucleating ability, and 7 clones were positive in RT-PCR.
- 2 ⁇ 10 6 Vero cells introduced with the F gene by pCXN2-F and cultured for one year were subjected to One-Step RT-PCR (QIAGEN).
- PCR was performed by setting primers so that a PCR amplification product was obtained at around 550 bp when an F gene-deficient virus genome was present.
- a PCR amplification product band was confirmed around 550 bp in each of the three different clones. It was confirmed that the F gene was still expressed (FIG. 2). That is, Vero cells that always express the F gene could be obtained with efficiency comparable to Vero cells that induced and expressed the F gene, and could continue to be stably expressed for a long time. This indicates that Vero cells are highly tolerant to F protein and can stably proliferate even when the F gene is always expressed for a long period of time.
- F protein expression in F gene-expressing Vero cells was confirmed. 9.5 ⁇ 10 5 F gene-expressing Vero cells were biotinylated on all proteins on the cell membrane using 1 ml of 0.03% Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin solution. A cell lysate was prepared. Next, 300 ⁇ l of cell lysate was selectively collected by concentrating F protein-specific antibody with 80 ⁇ l of F protein-specific antibody by immunoprecipitation method. The entire sample was subjected to SDS-PAGE and transferred to a PVDF membrane. At this point, the F protein has already been biotinylated, and an avidin-biotin complex was formed by the avidin-biotin complex method. Since avidin is labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), it was reacted with ECL reagent to detect biotinylated F protein by HRP emission (FIG. 3).
- HRP emission HRP emission
- Example 2 Construction of F gene-deficient antisense hPIV2 genome A sequence containing the entire F gene coding region was completely deleted from a plasmid containing an antisense cDNA corresponding to the entire genomic gene of hPIV2 downstream of the T7 promoter, and NotI restriction was performed. A plasmid (hPIV2- ⁇ F-GFP) in which a GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene was incorporated at the site was constructed (FIG. 4). Construction is a multistep process using primers designed based on the sequences of the upstream and downstream regions of the F gene and a GFP gene fragment excised from a commercially available GFP-containing vector as a template containing the hPIV2 genomic gene. Performed by PCR.
- Example 3 Recovery of F gene-deficient virus particles using F-expressing Vero cells Cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase using the plasmid (hPIV2- ⁇ F-GFP) prepared in Example 2 using lipofectamine or FUGENE6 as a transfection reagent Transfected. At this time, a total of four types of vectors expressing hPIV2 F protein and polymerase unit (NP protein, P protein and L protein) were transfected together.
- the supernatant was collected and infected with F gene-expressing Vero cells or normal Vero cells not expressing the F gene, and GFP fluorescence was observed 6 days after the infection.
- F gene-expressing Vero cells GFP fluorescence was observed throughout the cells.
- normal Vero cells the number of cells exhibiting GFP fluorescence was much smaller than that in F gene-expressing Vero cells.
- the culture supernatant of F gene-expressing Vero cells exhibiting GFP fluorescence was collected, infected with another F gene-expressing Vero cell on a petri dish, and the culture supernatant was collected. After repeating this operation three times, 1.5 ml of the culture supernatant was taken and centrifuged at 1000 ⁇ g for 1 minute to remove the residue. The supernatant was centrifuged at 20,000 ⁇ g for 30 minutes, the supernatant was removed, and the precipitate was suspended in 20 ⁇ l of RNAase-free water. 0.5 ⁇ l was taken and subjected to One-Step RT-PCR (QIAGEN).
- primers were set so that about 400 bp existed when the F gene-deficient virus genome was present and about 500 bp existed when the GFP gene was inserted.
- PCR amplification product bands were confirmed at around 400 bp and around 500 bp in each PCR. From this, it was considered that the F gene-deficient PIV2 virus could be recovered.
- the residue was removed from the culture supernatant of the GFP-expressing F gene-expressing Vero cells obtained as described above through a 0.45 ⁇ m-diameter filter.
- the culture supernatant was sequentially diluted 10 times to infect Vero cells not expressing the F gene. After 3 days, cells exhibiting GFP fluorescence were confirmed. As a result, cells exhibiting GFP fluorescence were observed, and the number of GFP positive cells decreased in proportion to the dilution. From this, it was confirmed that the F gene-deficient hPIV2 virus was present in the culture supernatant of F gene-expressing Vero cells, and this virus infected Vero cells not expressing the F gene. Infectious virus particles were not obtained from the culture supernatant of Vero cells not expressing the F gene.
- Example 4 Production of F gene-deficient PIV2 virus expressing influenza M virus protein M2
- a plasmid (hPIV2- ⁇ F-M2) in which the M2 protein (M2 ion channel) gene present in FIG.
- This plasmid (hPIV2- ⁇ F-M2) was transfected into cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase using Lipofectamine or FUGENE6 as the transfection reagent in the same manner as in Example 3.
- hPIV2 F protein and polymerase unit a total of four types of vectors expressing hPIV2 F protein and polymerase unit (NP protein, P protein and L protein) were transfected together.
- the virus was recovered in the same manner as in Example 3, and hPIV2 lacking the M2 gene-carrying F gene was infected with Vero cells (2 ⁇ 10 6 cells) expressing the F gene, and the cells were recovered after 2 days. And subjected to Western blotting using M2 antibody. As a result, the expression of M2 could be confirmed (FIG. 5). That is, it was confirmed that F gene-deficient PIV2 virus could be recovered for genes other than GFP.
- the present invention is useful for the production of viral vectors for gene therapy.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は,日本特許出願2011-025234(2011年2月8日出願)に基づく優先権を主張しており,この内容は本明細書に参照として取り込まれる。
本発明は、遺伝子導入用ウイルスベクターの製造方法に関する。
ネオマイシン耐性遺伝子(Neo)を保持し、トリβアクチンプロモーター配列およびウサギβグロビンpolyA配列を保持するプラスミドに、hPIV2のゲノム遺伝子から切り出したF遺伝子を導入して、プラスミドpCXN2-Fを構築した。対照としては、Cre-loxP誘導系によりF遺伝子を発現しうるよう構築したプラスミドpCAL-Fを用いた。これらのプラスミドをamaxa社のヌクレオフェクターを用いてVero細胞にトランスフェクションした。
T7プロモーターの下流にhPIV2の全ゲノム遺伝子に対応するアンチセンスcDNAを含むプラスミドから、全F遺伝子コード領域を含む配列を完全に欠失させ、NotI制限部位にGFP(グリーン蛍光蛋白)遺伝子を組み込んだプラスミド(hPIV2-ΔF-GFP)を構築した(図4)。構築は、F遺伝子の上流領域と下流領域の配列に基づいて設計したプライマーと、市販のGFP含有ベクターから切り出したGFP遺伝子断片とを用いて、hPIV2のゲノム遺伝子を含むプラスミドをテンプレートとして、多段階PCRにより行った。
実施例2で作製したプラスミド(hPIV2-ΔF-GFP)を、トランスフェクション試薬としてリポフェクタミン又はFUGENE6を用いて、T7RNAポリメラーゼを発現する細胞にトランスフェクションした。このとき、hPIV2のF蛋白およびポリメラーゼユニット(NP蛋白、P蛋白およびL蛋白)を発現する計4種類のベクターをともにトランスフェクションした。
実施例2と同様にして、F遺伝子欠損アンチセンスhPIV2ゲノムのNotI制限部位にインフルエンザウイルスのウイルスの脂質層の膜上に存在するM2蛋白(M2イオンチャネル)遺伝子を組み込んだプラスミド(hPIV2-ΔF-M2)を構築した。このプラスミド(hPIV2-ΔF-M2)を、実施例3と同様にして、トランスフェクション試薬としてリポフェクタミンまたはFUGENE6を用いて、T7RNAポリメラーゼを発現する細胞にトランスフェクションした。このとき、hPIV2のF蛋白およびポリメラーゼユニット(NP蛋白、P蛋白およびL蛋白)を発現する計4種類のベクターをともにトランスフェクションした。次に、実施例3と同様の方法でウイルス回収を行い、M2遺伝子保持F遺伝子欠損したhPIV2を、F遺伝子を発現しているVero細胞(2x106個)に感染させ、2日後に細胞を回収し、M2抗体を用いたウエスタンブロッティングに供した。その結果、M2の発現を確認することができた(図5)。すなわち、GFP以外の遺伝子についてもF遺伝子欠損型のPIV2ウイルスが回収できたことが確認された。
Claims (3)
- 非増殖型ヒトパラインフルエンザ2型ウイルスベクターの製造方法であって、
F遺伝子を欠損したヒトパラインフルエンザ2型ウイルスを、ヒトパラインフルエンザ2型ウイルスのF遺伝子を非誘導的に発現する様式で有するVero細胞と共培養し、そして培養上清からウイルス粒子を単離する、
の各工程を含む方法。 - F遺伝子を欠損したヒトパラインフルエンザ2型ウイルスの遺伝子中にワクチン用または治療用遺伝子が組み込まれている、請求項1記載の方法。
- ヒトパラインフルエンザ2型ウイルスのF遺伝子を非誘導的に発現する様式で有するVero細胞。
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