WO2012107055A1 - Corps façonnés à base de fibres de feuilles de typha et à faible teneur en liants - Google Patents

Corps façonnés à base de fibres de feuilles de typha et à faible teneur en liants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012107055A1
WO2012107055A1 PCT/EP2011/000565 EP2011000565W WO2012107055A1 WO 2012107055 A1 WO2012107055 A1 WO 2012107055A1 EP 2011000565 W EP2011000565 W EP 2011000565W WO 2012107055 A1 WO2012107055 A1 WO 2012107055A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibers
weight
cattail
dimension
shaped body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/000565
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Schwemmer
Original Assignee
Naporo Klima Dämmstoff Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Naporo Klima Dämmstoff Gmbh filed Critical Naporo Klima Dämmstoff Gmbh
Priority to DE112011104852.1T priority Critical patent/DE112011104852A5/de
Priority to PCT/EP2011/000565 priority patent/WO2012107055A1/fr
Publication of WO2012107055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012107055A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
    • E04B1/7658—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/88—Insulating elements for both heat and sound
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • E04B2001/745—Vegetal products, e.g. plant stems, barks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low-binder molding based on 90 to 100 weight percent cattail leaf fibers with high surface smoothness and excellent mechanical properties and to a process for the preparation of this molding.
  • the vegetable raw materials are crushed, wets the bed with an adhesive and pressed again into a compact body.
  • wood-based boards such as chipboard, so-called MDF (Oriented Strand Board) boards (medium-density fiberboard).
  • MDF Oriented Strand Board
  • plates of cork, straw, hemp fibers and from the leaves of cattail are formed in this way.
  • a material property of such formed plates is their swelling behavior when exposed to water. Especially for boards made of wood-based materials, there is a wealth of publications on how the thickness swelling by selection and / or design and / or treatment of the binder can be kept small.
  • Uncultivated cattail leaf mass is very light with about 60 kg / m 3 . This is mainly due to the fact that the plant consists of about 85 percent by volume of a light sponge fabric. This sponge fabric can absorb up to five times its weight in water.
  • the material is first crushed. The density of the shredded material is between 20 and 60 kg / m 3 , among other things also depending on the comminution technology. This material is compacted to form a compact body of typically 50-300 kg / m 3 when the body is to be used for thermal insulation. If the product is to be used for other purposes, it can also be compressed to 700 kg / m 3 and more. When the finished product comes into contact with moisture again, moisture is absorbed and the body swells up.
  • the Granulatmaschine of cattail granules are - like most plant stems and leaves with respect to their swelling behavior anisotropic. By orderly aligning particles for pressing, the swelling behavior in a preferred direction can be kept deliberately small. The manufacturing process is so consuming and expensive.
  • the inventor has set itself the task of providing a molded article based on 90 to 100 percent by weight of cattail leaf fibers, wherein the thickness swelling of the correspondingly produced shaped body should be low due to the influence of water.
  • the molded body should have a high surface smoothness, so that eliminates a costly reworking as by grinding or polishing.
  • the object can be achieved according to the invention by the above-ground leaf mass of cattail on the one hand is comminuted unusually fine, on the other hand, the dust content is removed from the bed obtained.
  • the weight fractions of individual size classes of fibers are within the following limits:
  • Less than 40% by weight of the fibers have a dimension greater than 10 mm in at least two dimensions.
  • the smallest dimension in at least two dimensions is in the range of 0.2 mm to 5 mm.
  • the solution according to the invention is based on the surprising finding that, when using tubular bulbs as the starting material, the swelling behavior of a shaped body formed therefrom is significantly more dependent on the degree of comminution of the raw material than when using, for example, wood or straw as the starting material.
  • the natural self-binding forces of the cattail leaf fibers are exploited, which are activated according to the invention.
  • the cattail waxes and oils are present, which protect the plant from natural moisture. These waxes and oils are similar to carnauba wax (the hardest known plant wax). They can be melted by heating (melting point about 90 ° C). As a result, these substances can act as hot-melt adhesives and bind the cattail leaf fibers into a compact shaped body.
  • the main fraction in the hexane extract (nonpolar portions) consists predominantly of fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids and sterols. Palmitic acid and sitosterol are present in higher concentrations.
  • a shaped body according to the invention has an average roughness in the range of 3 to 10 m or a roughness depth in the range of 70 to 130 m.
  • the above-ground leaf mass of cattail consists essentially of sponge tissue and leaf tissue.
  • the sponge tissue is essentially isotropic.
  • the leaf tissue which is also referred to as "stem outer skin", holds the sponge fabric as a thin layer in intact cattail leaf and, like wood, has a unique fiber direction.
  • the leaf tissue is therefore strongly anisotropic with respect to many material properties such as thermal conductivity.
  • the highest possible proportion of the cattail leaf fibers used is elongated, contains leaf tissue, and the direction of the longer dimension of the fibers coincides with the fiber direction of the leaf tissue contained in the fibers.
  • the invention thus relates to a shaped body containing 90 to 100 weight percent fibers of the above-ground leaf mass of cattail (the remainder may be any fibers, eg other biodegradable fibers, scaffold fibers or binding fibers or conventional sprayable or dispersible binders), characterized in that the weight fractions of individual size classes of cattail leaf fibers are within the following limits:
  • the fibers have a dimension in at least two dimensions which is less than 0.2 mm,
  • the fibers have a dimension greater than 10 mm in at least two dimensions
  • the smallest dimension in at least two dimensions is in the range of 0.2 mm to 5 mm, the shaped body having a highly smooth surface and a density in the range of 120-1200 kg / m 3 .
  • the molded article according to the invention may contain 93, 95 or 98 percent by weight of cattail leaf fibers.
  • the molding has a density in the range of 200-700 kg / m 3 .
  • the weight fraction of cattail leaf fibers having a dimension in at least two dimensions that is less than 0.2 mm, less than 10 percent.
  • more than 70 weight percent of the cattail leaf fibers are of elongate shape such that the larger dimension is at least 50 percent longer than the next smaller, transverse dimension and the larger dimension is substantially parallel to the fiber direction of cattail leaf tissue.
  • the molded articles according to the invention can be used for thermal insulation (against heat or cold), soundproofing or impact sound insulation or as semi-finished products for construction, furniture and industrial products (also in the electronics industry) become.
  • thermal insulation againstst heat or cold
  • soundproofing or impact sound insulation or as semi-finished products for construction, furniture and industrial products (also in the electronics industry) become.
  • interior trim for example, they can be used for the production of interior trim.
  • ground cover are used as a ground cover.
  • Cattail leaves are first cut transversely to their longitudinal direction into pieces of 0.5 to 25 cm in length, preferably 1 to 8 cm in length, b) then, for example, in a mill or in a Zerspaner (the crushing device used is negligible) further crushed and optionally the resulting cattail leaf fibers are freed, for example, by sieving or blowing out dust, the weight fractions of individual size classes of the cattail leaf fibers lying within the following limits:
  • the fibers have a dimension in at least two dimensions which is less than 0.2 mm,
  • the fibers less than 40% by weight of the fibers have a dimension greater than 10 mm in at least two dimensions
  • the smallest dimension is in at least two dimensions in the range of 0.2 mm to 5 mm,
  • any other fibers added eg other biodegradable fibers, scaffold fibers or tie or support fibers
  • any other fibers added eg other biodegradable fibers, scaffold fibers or tie or support fibers
  • step d) the nonwoven obtained after step c) 2 to 60 min at 130 to 200 ° C. is pressed to a molding at a pressure of 1 - 400 bar.
  • the nonwoven is pressed for 2 to 60 minutes at 130 to 200 ° C at a pressure of 5 - 100 bar to form a shaped body.
  • the crushing of the cut cattail leaves takes place in a hammer mill, the lateral surface of which comprises the drum has longitudinal slots 3 to 5 mm wide and 1 to 9 centimeters in length, the longitudinal direction of the slots being in the circumferential direction of the hammer mill. But it can also be used other crushing devices.
  • the nonwoven laying takes place by the air-lay method (preferred) or on a carding machine. Both methods are well known to the person skilled in the art, so that no further explanation is required.
  • the industry also offers various other methods, such. As direct web formation or simple spreading, which are also suitable for the present task.
  • the basis weight of the obtained fiber mat is 0.5 to 50 kg / m 2 , preferably 1 to 20 kg / m 2 .
  • thermobonding method according to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is carried out before pressing a nonwoven consolidation by needling or by the thermobonding method (preferred). Both methods are well known to the person skilled in the art, so that no further explanation is required.
  • the needling can be done on one side and two sides.
  • the stroke frequency can be, for example, 60 to 3,000 strokes / min, preferably 150 to 1,500 strokes / min.
  • the plate density or thickness is adjusted with an overflowing band, which compresses the nonwoven fabric to a thickness of about 3 mm to 350 mm, thereby giving it a uniform surface.
  • the heating of the web takes place with a supply air temperature of 110 to 200 ° C, preferably from 140 to 170 ° C.
  • Thermobondierofen is also suitable for removing the residual moisture in the nonwoven fabric.
  • a leaf bundle of dry cattails is cut transversely to the fiber direction of the leaf tissue to just under 1 cm long pieces and then further comminuted in a hammer mill.
  • the hammer mill has a revolving in a drum anchor, which is provided at the periphery with projections - which are referred to as hammers.
  • the lateral surface of the drum is provided with longitudinal slots of 4 times 80 mm in cross-sectional area, with the larger dimension in the circumferential direction.
  • the fibers thus obtained can already fulfill the conditions mentioned above for the fiber size distribution. It is recommended to remove the dust content (fibers with a size of less than 0.2 mm in at least two dimensions), for example to blow it out or expel it.
  • the fibers may be necessary to dry the fibers until the remaining bed has a density of 20 - having 30 kg / m 3.
  • Messerwellenenzerspaners can also be machined by means of a so-called Messerwellenenzerspaners.
  • an inner armature and an outer, provided with knives drum rotate coaxially in the opposite direction of rotation.
  • the cattail leaf material to be cut is removed by blades of the outer drum in the gap between the two rotating bodies.
  • the clippings fall through gaps in the outer drum to the outside.
  • Good results are achieved with a knife shaft achieved in which the blades protrude inward a millimeter from the circumference of the outer drum surface and wherein the gap width for the passage of the cut material is 2.4 mm. Again, it is advisable to remove the dust from the resulting clippings.
  • the molded body thus formed has a thickness swelling of seven to fifteen percent when placed in water for twenty-four hours. This swelling is so low that the molding may be used, for example, according to the common building standards as a plate-shaped material.
  • the molding according to the invention can be used well in plate form for thermal insulation or thermal insulation.
  • the thermal conductivity of the individual fibers is greater than normal in the fiber direction. If one wishes to use the shaped body according to the invention in plate form for heat insulation, it is therefore useful to ensure that the individual fibers are oriented so that their fiber direction is as possible transverse to the direction in which the heat flow is to be prevented. Using the example of thermal insulation boards, the orientation or orientation of the individual fibers should therefore be as close as possible to the plane of the board.
  • the shaped body according to the invention in plate form is also suitable for sound insulation and impact sound insulation. Also building boards or housings for electronic devices can be molded. Further application possibilities can be found in furniture construction and in the automotive industry.
  • a first measure with which an alignment or orientation can be achieved is to perform as many fibers in their fiber direction as possible longer than in the two normal directions and the fibers already at the fleece laying so that their longitudinal direction as possible transverse to that direction lies, in which later good thermal insulation effect is to be achieved.
  • the direction in which good thermal insulation is achieved is the vertical.
  • the fibers can be made in a simple manner, that they are longer in the direction of their fibers predominantly than in the other two dimensions, by first cutting the cattail leaves in a defined length transversely to the fiber direction and then disintegrating them randomly in a mill, for example a hammer mill.
  • the fibers preferably break along their longitudinal direction.
  • Fibrous binder Resin content Mean roughness depth R, bending E transverse tensile strength / flexural strength a Modulus / Flexural strength

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un corps façonné à faible teneur en liants, composé de 90 à 100 % en poids de fibres de feuilles de typha, présentant un lissé élevé et d'excellentes propriétés mécaniques, ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication de ce corps façonné.
PCT/EP2011/000565 2011-02-07 2011-02-07 Corps façonnés à base de fibres de feuilles de typha et à faible teneur en liants WO2012107055A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112011104852.1T DE112011104852A5 (de) 2011-02-07 2011-02-07 Bindemittelarme formkörper aus rohrkolben-blattfasern
PCT/EP2011/000565 WO2012107055A1 (fr) 2011-02-07 2011-02-07 Corps façonnés à base de fibres de feuilles de typha et à faible teneur en liants

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2011/000565 WO2012107055A1 (fr) 2011-02-07 2011-02-07 Corps façonnés à base de fibres de feuilles de typha et à faible teneur en liants

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012107055A1 true WO2012107055A1 (fr) 2012-08-16

Family

ID=44501699

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2011/000565 WO2012107055A1 (fr) 2011-02-07 2011-02-07 Corps façonnés à base de fibres de feuilles de typha et à faible teneur en liants

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE112011104852A5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012107055A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014060114A1 (fr) * 2012-10-18 2014-04-24 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Élément de construction résistant à la charge et thermiquement isolant se composant de masse foliaire de typha
DE102018001895A1 (de) 2018-03-08 2019-09-12 Werner Theuerkorn Verfahren zum Zerkleinern eines Rohrkolben-Blattbündels

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3892586A (en) 1973-04-24 1975-07-01 Licencia Talalmanyokat Process for the preparation of building units
DE3733630A1 (de) 1987-10-05 1989-04-13 Basf Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von holzwerkstoffen
DE19757418A1 (de) 1997-12-23 1999-06-24 Werner Dipl Ing Theuerkorn Dämm-, Füll- oder Packstoff und daraus hergestellte Formkörper

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3892586A (en) 1973-04-24 1975-07-01 Licencia Talalmanyokat Process for the preparation of building units
DE3733630A1 (de) 1987-10-05 1989-04-13 Basf Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von holzwerkstoffen
DE19757418A1 (de) 1997-12-23 1999-06-24 Werner Dipl Ing Theuerkorn Dämm-, Füll- oder Packstoff und daraus hergestellte Formkörper

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014060114A1 (fr) * 2012-10-18 2014-04-24 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Élément de construction résistant à la charge et thermiquement isolant se composant de masse foliaire de typha
US10414120B2 (en) 2012-10-18 2019-09-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Load-bearing and heat-insulating structural element made of typha leaf mass
DE102018001895A1 (de) 2018-03-08 2019-09-12 Werner Theuerkorn Verfahren zum Zerkleinern eines Rohrkolben-Blattbündels
DE102018001895B4 (de) 2018-03-08 2021-11-18 Werner Theuerkorn Verfahren zum Zerkleinern eines Rohrkolben-Blattbündels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112011104852A5 (de) 2014-04-30

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