Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
  • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
  • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
  • H01F27/363—Electric or magnetic shields or screens made of electrically conductive material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
  • H01B3/185—Substances or derivates of cellulose
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
  • H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
  • H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
  • H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
  • H01F27/02—Casings
  • H01F27/04—Leading of conductors or axles through casings, e.g. for tap-changing arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
  • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
  • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
  • H01F27/322—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof the insulation forming channels for circulation of the fluid
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
  • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
  • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens

Definitions

• the invention relates to a cable bushing for the boiler wall of a HVDC component.
• This has either a Elekt ⁇ rodenrohr or a conductor bolt, which has a conductive surface.
• This component which will also be referred to below generally as a conducting element, is usually made of copper.
• electrode tube this passage element can be set to potential, said electrode tube for shielding a HVDC line is used, which can be electrically isolated through the tube interior ⁇ leads.
• the transit element executed as head bolt ⁇ it is used directly as HVDC line. This is suitably contacted inside and outside the boiler with a HVDC line.
• the Lei ⁇ tion implementation on a sheath of a cellulose material, in particular paper on. This is usually wrapped as Pa ⁇ pierwicklung to the electrode tube or conductor bolt so that this or these full extent closed around ⁇ is.
• a cable bushing of the type described above is described for example according to EP 285 895 AI.
• This cable bushing has a conductor bolt as a passage element.
• a Kaus press document ⁇ tion is also described in DE 10 2005 021 225 AI.
• This cable bushing is suitable for guiding a HVDC line through a correspondingly formed electrode tube.
• a wrapping of the passage element is provided with a cellulose material, which further wrapping further solid barriers in the form of a plurality of concentrically arranged press foil cylinders follow, which together with the Serving an insulated area result.
• Transformer oil is provided in the spaces between the individual solid barriers and the paper wrapper. This fills the interstices, with absorbent materials such as pressboard and absorb the transformer oil.
• HVDC high-voltage direct currents used and include current-carrying elements
• HVDC current-carrying elements
• transformers or chokes are required as HVDC components.
• Lei ⁇ tung versions are required for electrical connection of various components of HVDC.
• Further HVDC components are disconnection points in such cable guides or bushings through housing components in which other HVDC components are housed.
• high-voltage direct currents occur, for example, in transformer and choke coils and alternating currents.
• the HVDC components in the sense of this invention are to be suitable for transmission of high voltage direct current of at least 100 KV, preferably for Studentstra ⁇ supply of high-voltage direct currents of more than 500 KV.
• an impregnable solid material made of cellulose fibers in an aqueous oxidant tion medium such as. B. a weakly acidic solution of iron (III) chloride solution, cerium (IV) sulfate, potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) or molybdatophosphoric acid can be immersed. Subsequently, the wet cellulosic material is treated with either liquid or vapor pyrrole compounds at room temperature until the pyrrole is polymerized depending on the concentration of the oxidizing agent. The impregnated cellulose material is used in room temperature. temperature 24 hours dried.
• the oxidizing agent ensures ei ⁇ netrust for the polymerization of pyrrole compounds, and also for increasing the electrical conductivity.
• the specific resistance p of such impregnated cellulosic materials can thus be influenced by the concentration of pyrroles and the type of oxidizing agent.
• nanocomposites can also be used as a field- ⁇ gradierendes material, when it comes to reduce peaks in the formation of electric fields, for example, to the insulation of electrical conductors.
• a material consisting of a polymer can be used for this purpose.
• a filler is distributed whose particles are nanoparticles, ie have an average diameter of at most 100 nm.
• AI semiconducting materials are used for such nanoparticles, inter alia, whose band gap is in a range of 0 eV and 5 eV.
• the electrical resistance of the nanocomposite can be adjusted. Is used in the admixture of nanoparticles of a certain proportion Volu ⁇ mens exceeded, which is depending on the size of the nanoparticles is 10 to 20 vol%, the specific resistance decreases noticeably was the nanocomposite, wherein in this way the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite and can be adapted to the required conditions. In particular, I can set a resistivity of the order of 10 12 Gm. Is achieved so that a voltage drop across the nanocomposite, which has a uniform distribution of potential re ⁇ result, and thus the resultant electric field graded in a suitable manner. This can reduce the resulting field peaks. the, which advantageously the dielectric strength is increased.
• the field weakening effect of the nanocomposite here depends on the permittivity of the nanocomposite, the permittivity ⁇ being a measure of the permeability of a material for electric fields.
• the permittivity is named ⁇ as the ⁇ lektrizticianskonstante to be being used below the Beg ⁇ riff "permittivity.”
• a relative Per ⁇ mitt society man denotes by the permittivity ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ designated ratio of the permittivity ⁇ of a Stof- fes is the electric field constant ⁇ 0, indicating the Permittivi ⁇ ty of vacuum. the higher the relative permittivity is, the larger the field weakening effect of the substance used in relation to the vacuum. in the following the Permittriossloom next to the starting materials are just treated.
• WO 2006/122736 A1 also describes a system of cellulose fibers and nanotubes, preferably carbon nanotubes (hereinafter CNT), in which specific resistances of the equivalent of 6 to 75 ⁇ m can be set.
• CNT carbon nanotubes
• These nanocomposites are to be used, for example, as electrical resistance heating, the conductivity being designed with regard to an ability of the material to convert electrical energy into heat. For this, a sufficient degree of coverage of the cellulose fibers with CNT is required.
• WO 2006/131011 A1 describes a bush, which may consist inter alia of an impregnated paper wrap.
• BN is also mentioned among other materials. This can also be used in doped form.
• the particles should be used with a concentration in the cellulose material below the percolation threshold, so that there is no electrical contact between the particles. For this reason, the specific electrical resistance of the nanocomposite remains essentially unaffected.
• a Na is nokomposit angles with semiconductive or non-conductive nanoparticle which are distributed in a cellulose material such as for example, press ⁇ span, known to the gradierendes as field Mate ⁇ rial in Transformers can be used. At least part of the nanoparticles distributed in the cellulosic material have an enclosure of an electrically conductive polymer.
• a cellulosic material such as a Pa ⁇ pier, cardboard or pressboard can be used.
• the Cellulosema ⁇ TERIAL has a construction made of cellulose fibers that make up the cellulosic material forming the dressing in ih ⁇ rer entirety.
• a semi-conductive or non-conductive nanoparticles may, for example, Si, SiC, ZnO, BN, GaN, A1N, or C, to the special ⁇ also boron nitride nanotubes (hereinafter referred to as BNNT) may be used.
• BNNT boron nitride nanotubes
• electrically conductive polymers ⁇ mentioned in the DE 10 2007 018 540 AI polymers can be used.
• electrically conductive polymers include polypyrroles, polyaniline, polythiophenes, polyparaphenylenes, polyparaphenylenevinylenes and derivatives of these polymers mentioned.
• a specific example of such polymers is PEDOT, which is also sold under the trade name Baytron by Bayer AG. PEDOT will be Its systematic name is also referred to as poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene).
• the impregnation consists of a polymer which is crosslinked from a negative ionomer, in particular PSS, and a positively charged ionomer.
• a positively charged ionomer preferably PEDOT or PANI can be used.
• PEDOT refers to the already mentioned poly (3, 4-ethylene-dioxydthiophene).
• PANI is polyaniline and PSS is polystyrene sulfonate.
• the use of negatively charged and positively charged ionomers allows beneficial ⁇ way a particularly simple production of the Cellulosemateri- as.
• the ionomers can be easily dissolved in water and thus fed to the process of making the cellulosic material, which is also water-based.
• Vernet ⁇ wetting the ionomers following the preparation of the Cellu ⁇ loose material the resistivity of the cellulose material ⁇ can be lowered.
• the ionomers polymerize and form in the cellulosic material an electrically conductive network which is responsible for the reduction of the specific resistance.
• the ge ⁇ can called ionomers also be used to encase semiconducting already mentioned or non-conductive nanoparticles.
• the nanocomposite can also be impregnated with semiconducting nanoparticles which consist at least partially of BNNT and are distributed in the cellulose or a polymer.
• semiconducting nanoparticles which consist at least partially of BNNT and are distributed in the cellulose or a polymer.
• the concentration of BNNT can be chosen so that the nanocomposite has a specific conductivity p of the order of 10 12 ⁇ m.
• no conductive polymers are used as a sheathing of the BNNT.
• Doping can be achieved by modifying the BNNT by adding suitable dopants such that the dopant atoms form electronic states that will make the BNNT a p-conductor (ie, electronic states that capture electrons from the valence band edge ) or to an n-conductor (ie, that electronic states are reached, the electrons by thermal excitation on the conduction band edge emittie ⁇ ren) form.
• a dopant for a p-type doping is for example Be in question, as a dopant for n-doping Si comes into question.
• Such doping of the BNNT can be done in situ, during the growth of the BNNT z. B. from the gas or liquid phase, the dopant atoms are incorporated.
• the nanocomposite of cellulosic material can also be impregnated with semiconducting nanoparticles, wherein also to increase the effective conductivity of at least part of the nanoparticles distributed in the insulating material Doping of these nanoparticles is provided with dopants.
• the use of the semi-conductive nanoparticles, in particular BNNT has the advantage that low degrees of filling of Hoechsmann ⁇ least 5% by volume preferably lierstoff sufficient even at most 2% by volume in the iso to cause percolation of the nanoparticles and thus the electrical conductivity of the Increase nanocomposites.
• the object of the invention is to improve an initially indicated cable routing in such a way that it has a higher dielectric strength and a greater constructive freedom of design for the construction of the cable bushing.
• This object is achieved according to the invention with the above ⁇ line implementation that the Umhül ⁇ ment is designed as a composite, consisting of a behan ⁇ delten cellulosic material.
• the cellulosic material is treated OF INVENTION ⁇ dung according to the fact that in this particles are p of the treated cellulosic material lower resistivity in a concentration above the percolation threshold ver ⁇ informs nem egg compared to the resistivity p.
• a continuous network of a conductive polymer with a lower resistivity than the specific resistance p p of the untreated cellulose material pervades the composite.
• the addition of particles or the provision of a network of a conductive polymer in a cellulose material in the manner indicated has the effect of reducing the specific resistance of the composite thus produced in comparison to untreated cellulose material.
• the specific resistance of the composite is matched to that of transformer oil, so that a load of the iso- lierate can be reduced evenly over a single DC voltage across the individual elements of the insulation.
• the voltage drop across the cellulosic material is lower, so that the transformer oil is loaded to a greater extent.
• a reserve is used according to the invention, which is available anyway. This advantageously advantageously increases the design scope for the design of the cellulose barriers, in particular the coating of the leadthrough element.
• the described, for the invention essential effect of a relief of the cellulosic material by the voltage drop is also to a greater extent on the transformer oil, can be used advantageously good if the specific resistance P C om P of the composite is at most 5 times 10 13 Qm.
• a specific resistance p C om P of the composite which is 1 to 20 times the specific resistance p 0 of the transformer oil.
• the resistivity p C P om speaks of the composite size Trim ⁇ moderate resistivity of transformer oil ⁇ ent.
• order of magnitude it is meant that the speci ⁇ fic resistance p C om P of the composite differs at most by a magnitude ⁇ order of that of the transformer oil (ie at most by a factor of 10).
• the specific resistances p 0 , p P and p C om P in the context of this invention are to be measured in each case at room temperatures and a prevailing reference field strength of 1 kV / mm. Under these conditions, the resistivity p 0 is between 10 12 and 10 13 square meters. It should be noted, however, that the specific resistance p Q of transformer oil tends to be reduced in the case of a heavier load according to the invention due to the voltage drop across the transformer oil. In the mecanicsbei play described in more detail below is therefore assumed by a resistivity p 0 in the transformer oil of 10 12 square meters.
• the specific resistance of be ⁇ adjacent, the sheath-forming film layer is stepped, wherein the coating layer or the film layer adjacent to the ge ⁇ slightest specific resistance of the electrode tube or the head bolts.
• the cladding is constructed from several layers which differ in their electrical properties. It is thus possible to change the resistivity in the enclosure in stages, it being advantageous if the resistivity in the enclosure to the passageway decreases. As a result, the effect of a field grading in the area near the passage element can be used more.
• the specific resistance of the casing is lowered to a region greater than or equal to the specific resistance of the transformer oil only at the surface of the casing which forms an interface with the surrounding transformer oil, while the specific resistance inside the casing Passage element is further lowered towards. This allows Be ⁇ lastungsspitzen are degraded in the wrapping material near the fürleitele ⁇ mentes.
• the wrapping consists of a paper winding with a plurality of winding layers, wherein the paper wrap is wound around the electrode tube or the conductor bolt.
• a particularly simple production of the covering is advantageously possible.
• This is wrapped around the transmission element by this around its centers axis is turned.
• a winding layer is dependent on the paper thickness, while the already er Wegn ⁇ th film layer is dependent on the area to be provided with which resistivity.
• a winding layer is generally much thinner (because of the paper thickness) as a layer layer. A layer layer is thus produced by winding a plurality of winding layers.
• the thickness s of the covering is reduced in comparison with the required thickness when using the relevant untreated cellulose material instead of the composite. This is an advantageous possible ⁇ ness as the constructive design freedom, which is obtained by reducing the resistivity of the envelope can be exploited. Due to a smaller thickness of the covering, the space required for the lead-through is advantageously reduced. Due to the reduced specific resistance, the dielectric strength of the cladding remains the same.
• the barrier material barriers are provided to form gaps (ie gaps) for transformer oil between the solid barriers with each other and to the envelope out. This results in an alternating sequence of transformer oil and cellulosic material. This sequence gives the Isolierumble. It is particularly advantageous if the solid Barrie ⁇ ren consist of the treated cellulosic material, that are reduced with respect to their resistivity is. This allows advantageous constructive Gestal ⁇ tung leeway still be expanded by beispiels- example solid barriers are provided with reduced wall thickness. Here, a wall thickness of 1 mm should not be un ⁇ undershot, as this is a constructive design limit. The solid barriers must have a sufficient mechanical stability. Before Trains t ⁇ wall thicknesses of 1 to 3 mm can be provided.
• the solid barriers are equipped with graded electrical resistors, as has already been described for the enclosure.
• the specific resistance increases with increasing distance of the solids barrier to the passage element.
• the stepped A ⁇ position different specific resistances of solid material and barrier layer portions in the envelope has the advantage that the specific resistance of each local field strength of the present surrounding the passage elekt ⁇ generic field can be adjusted.
• Figure 1 shows schematically a section of an embodiment ⁇ example of an insulating section for a passage
• Figure 2 shows another embodiment of a line implementation in the schematic longitudinal section.
• An electrical insulating section 18 consists generally of several layers of cellulose material 19, between which oil layers 20 can lie.
• the insulating section begins at the metallic surface 11 of a component 12 to be insulated, which may be formed, for example, by a tube of a not shown nä ⁇ forth implementation for electrical conduction of a HVDC component from the associated housing.
• the cellulosic material 19 is impregnated with oil, which is not shown in detail in Figure 1. This is in ⁇ Fi gur 1 within the cellulosic material impregnation 11 can be seen.
• the insulation shown in Figure 1 surrounds, for example, in a transformer which is used there Elektodenrohr 21 a line feedthrough for the boiler wall.
• the electrical insulation, for example, of a transformer must prevent electrical breakdown in the case of operation in the presence of an AC voltage in the area of the bushings.
• the isolation behavior of the insulation depends on the permittivity of the components of the insulation.
• the dielectric constant is ⁇ 0 approximately at 2, for the cellulosic material ⁇ ⁇ at 4.
• the insulation with an AC voltage thus results for the loading of the individual isolation components that present at the oil voltage U 0 about dop ⁇ pelt is as high as the voltage applied to the cellulosic material U p .
• the distribution of the applied voltage to the individual insulation components is then no longer dependent on the permittivity, but on the resistivity of the individual components.
• the specific resistance P o of oil is between 1 0 13 and 1 0 12 Gm.
• a larger part of the tensioning ⁇ voltage drop on the discharge of the cellulosic material in the oil it ⁇ is to follow and that the specific resistance of the oil decreases upon application of a voltage is rather as shown in Figure 1, of a resistivity p 0 out of 1 0 12 sqm to go out.
• p p of the cellulosic material is three orders of magnitude higher and is 10 15 m.
• the inventively introduced into the cellulosic material 1 9 impregnation 1 1 may, for. B. from BNNT and is adjusted by a suitable coating of BNNT from PEDOT: PSS and possibly by an additional doping of the BNNT with dopants with their resistivity (between 0, 1 and 1 000 Qcm), that the resistivity of the Cellulo ⁇ sematerials p p is reduced.
• This is also allei ⁇ nige using PEDOT: PSS possible or sole use of BNNT.
• a line guide according to FIG. 2 has an electrode tube 21 as a passage element.
• a conductor pin 23 Darge ⁇ represents, which can also act as a passage element.
• the electrode tube 21 serves to pass an HVDC line, which is not shown in detail, the HVDC line is electrically conductively attached to the front ends 24 when using a conductor pin 23, so that the conductor pin 23 itself forms part of the HVDC cable. Lead represents.
• a sheath 26 is provided from a cellulosic material. This envelope consists of several layers 27, consisting of windings of a paper. These have different specific resistance ⁇ stands.
• the shield electrode 30 serves to receive the HGÜ line, which is not shown in more detail, and which is laid in the shape of a loop in the screen electrode due to the realization of an axial compensation.
• the shield electrode itself is just ⁇ be provided with a cellulosic material in the form of a layer 31st Also, this layer may consist of a paper wrap or, for example, from a molded body of pressboard. It is also true for the layer 31 that a use of the cellulose material according to the invention with reduced specific resistance is particularly advantageous.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Insulating Bodies (AREA)
• Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Insulators (AREA)
• Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Citations (8)

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• 2011
  • 2011-01-07 DE DE102011008459A patent/DE102011008459A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2011-12-15 EP EP11805463.4A patent/EP2661523B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2011-12-15 BR BR112013017406-4A patent/BR112013017406B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-12-15 WO PCT/EP2011/072867 patent/WO2012093023A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2011-12-15 CN CN201180069053.3A patent/CN103403254B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (8)

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